identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A814E639FFB0FFB81FBFAD066F28A2C1.text	A814E639FFB0FFB81FBFAD066F28A2C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mazax O. Pickard-Cambridge 1898	<div><p>Mazax O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898</p><p>Mazax O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898: 275 (type species: Mazax spinosa Pickard-Cambridge, 1898, preoccupied by Mazax spinosa (Simon, 1898); replacement name: Mazax pax Reiskind, 1969). Nomen protectum.</p><p>Thargalia Karsch, 1880: 376 (type species: Corinna memnonia C. L. Koch, 1841). Synonymized with Castianeira by Keyserling, 1887: 442, rejected here. syn. nov., nomen oblitum.</p><p>Notes. To the best of our knowledge, Thargalia met the conditions outlined in ICZN Article 23.9.1.1 to be considered a nomen oblitum, as it has not been used as a valid name since 1899, having been synonymized with Castianeira by Keyserling (1887). Concurrently, we propose the continued use of the younger name Mazax as valid for this taxon, in accordance with ICZN Article 23.9.1.2, which supports its recognition as a nomen protectum (a name used in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years; ICNZ 1999). Mazax was cited at least 32 times in the past 50 years by at least 54 authors in a maximum span of eight years between two given publications (Reiskind 1977; Cokendolpher 1978; Roth 1982; Brignoli 1983; Platnick 1989, 1993, 1997; Deeleman-Reinhold 1993; Nentwig 1993; Foelix 1996; Cushing 1997; Ubick &amp; Richman 2005; Freire-Jr &amp; Motta 2011; De los Santos &amp; Alayón 2012; Desales-Lara 2014; Nieto-Castañeda et al. 2014; Rubio &amp; Danişman 2014; Perger &amp; Perger 2017; Bao et al. 2018; Chamé-Vázquez et al. 2020; Orozco-Gil &amp; Desales-Lara 2021; Perger &amp; Duperré 2021; Pett 2021; Pékar et al. 2022; Pett et al. 2022; Perger &amp; Pett 2022; Murcia-Moreno &amp; Dumas Gálvez 2024; Orozco-Gil et al. 2024; Silva-Junior et al. 2024; Mercado 2025; Silva-Junior et al. 2025; Xavier et al. 2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A814E639FFB0FFB81FBFAD066F28A2C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Silva-Junior, Cláudio J.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Silva-Junior, Cláudio J., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2026): On the actual identity of the genus Castianeira Keyserling, 1879 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae): the type species and its relatives. Zootaxa 5763 (1): 39-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.1.2
A814E639FFB0FFBE1FBFAA036FDFA324.text	A814E639FFB0FFBE1FBFAA036FDFA324.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mazax memnonia (C. L. Koch 1841) Silva-Junior & Bonaldo 2026	<div><p>Mazax memnonia (C. L. Koch, 1841) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2</p><p>Corinna memnonia C. L. Koch, 1841: 20, fig. 704 (♀ holotype from “ Colombia ”, in ZMB 2138), examined from photographs).</p><p>Thargalia memnonia Karsch, 1880: 376 .</p><p>Castianeira memnonia Simon, 1897: 167 .</p><p>Mazax mokana Silva-Junior et al., 2024: fig. 14 (♂ holotype IBSP-221867 from Norte de Santander, Colombia, reexamined; ♀ paratypes from Sucre (IBSP-221918) and Atlántico (IBSP-345142), Colombia, also reexamined). syn. nov.</p><p>Notes. Reiskind (1969) indicated that the female holotype of Corinna memnonia C.L. Koch, 1841, one of the five species originally included in Corinna by C.L. Koch (1841) (Figs 1A, B), subsequently transferred to Castianeira by Simon (1897), was lost. He suggested that Castianeira memnonia would be the closest known relative of C. rubicunda, presumably relying on previous identifications of this species by Banks (1929) and Chickering (1937) based on material from Barro Colorado Island, Panama. It was unexpected to find that the type material is, in fact, available. Upon examination of the female holotype (photographs by Stephany Arizala Coboby, ZMB, Figs 1C–G), it was further surprising to discover that this species belongs to Mazax and that, consequently, the Canal Zone specimens of C. rubicunda had been misidentified as C. memnonia . To the best of our knowledge, not a single record of this species after its original description actually refers to this taxon (Fig. 3C–H).</p><p>The preservation of the female holotype of Mazax memnonia comb. nov. is poor, since the specimen was initially pinned and stored dry. This condition prevents, for example, accessing the incidence of a thoracic groove, as the specimen was pinned through the center of the cephalothorax (Fig. 1C). Notwithstanding, the available evidence supports the present synonymy with M. mokana Silva-Junior et al., 2024 syn. nov, which is based on the absence of feathery hairs on the carapace (white dots in the body of the holotype of M. memnonia comb. nov. appear to be artifacts of preservation); the absence of a pair of tuberculate spines on the abdomen (Fig. 1C; Silva-Junior et al. 2024: fig. 14B); the tibia I ventral spination 4–4 (Fig. 1E, F); and the CO positioned laterally to the spermathecae (Fig. 1G; Silva-Junior et al. 2024: fig. 14G). Only one other species of Mazax is known to possess tibia I ventral spination 4–4, M. chickeringi Reiskind, 1969, which also shares with M. memnonia comb. nov. the absence of the modified AS II (Silva-Junior et al. 2014: fig. 14B). However, this species appears to be endemic to Jamaica, and the CO is nearly superimposed over the spermathecae (Reiskind 1969: figs 222, 223). The contiguous distribution of the known records (see below) may also support this decision.</p><p>Diagnosis and description. See Silva-Junior et al. (2024) under Mazax mokana . Additional documentation (holotype of Mazax memnonia comb. nov.) is given in Fig. 1.</p><p>Distribution. The type locality of Mazax memnonia comb. nov. is reported in the original description simply as “ Colombia,” which, as noted by Reiskind (1969), included Panama at that time. Silva-Junior et al. (2024) described M. mokana based on material from the departments of Norte de Santander, Sucre, and Atlántico in Colombia, as well as from Miranda State, Venezuela (Fig. 2). Most likely, the collector of the holotype of M. memnonia comb. nov. was the German botanist Johann Wilhelm Karl Moritz (J. Dunlop, pers. comm.), who lived and worked in Colonia Tovar, Aragua, Venezuela (the type locality of several spiders described by Simon), located nearly 30 kilometers west of Carrizal, a locality representing the only modern Venezuelan record of M. memnonia comb. nov. (Silva-Junior et al. 2024, under M. mokana). Papavero (1973) suggested that the “Colombian” localities attributed to Karl Moritz might actually be in Venezuela, stating: “Probably this is another confusion between Venezuela and Colombia, parts of the former having once belonged to the ancient vicekingdom of Nueva Granada.” Another possible explanation for the labelling of Moritz’s specimen is that it refers to the extinct Republic of Colombia (Gran Colombia), which existed from 1821 to 1831 and also included Venezuela (S.A. Coboby, pers. comm; J. Dunlop, pers. comm.). According to Papavero (1973), Moritz arrived in Venezuela in June 1835, explored the northern coast, the States of Merida and Trujillo, and the Rivers Apure and Orinoco (Fig. 2), and returned to Germany in 1837. Given the date of the original description of M. memnonia comb. nov. (1841), he must have obtained the holotype during this short period, as he only returned to Venezuela to definitively settle in Colonia Tovar in 1840. While it is not possible to rule out with certainty that the type specimen originated from what is now the modern Colombian territory, it seems reasonable that trips to Colombia (or even acquisition of collections from third parties), if they occurred, took place during his much longer second stay, after the type specimen had been sent to Berlin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A814E639FFB0FFBE1FBFAA036FDFA324	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Silva-Junior, Cláudio J.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Silva-Junior, Cláudio J., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2026): On the actual identity of the genus Castianeira Keyserling, 1879 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae): the type species and its relatives. Zootaxa 5763 (1): 39-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.1.2
A814E639FFB7FFBC1FBFAFB2698DA470.text	A814E639FFB7FFBC1FBFAFB2698DA470.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Castianeira Keyserling 1879	<div><p>Castianeira Keyserling, 1879 sensu stricto</p><p>Castianeira Keyserling, 1879: 334 (type species by monotypy: Castianeira rubicunda Keyserling, 1879, from Nueva Granada).</p><p>Diagnosis. Species of Castianeira sensu stricto can be easily identified by the following combination of characters: the presence of a retrolateral process on the male palpal patellae (Figs 8C, 9B, D, 10C, D) (absent in all other Castianeirines); the tegulum with a prolateral tegular apophysis (Figs 8E, 9C, 17G) (tegular projections are present in some species of Myrmecotypus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894, but they differ from Castianeira sensu stricto by the recurved posterior row of eyes, broad cephalic region, and cylindrical embolus); a short, ribbon-shaped embolus (Figs 8F, 9F, 10B) (usually long and screw-shaped in other Castianeirines); and the absence of a cymbial tip ventral groove (Figs 8B, 9A, 11C) (present in all other Castianeirines). Females can be recognized by the slit-shaped copulatory openings, placed posterolaterally, leading to long, nearly longitudinal copulatory ducts and by the large secondary spermathecae fused along their inner mesal margins (Figs 12, 15I–J) (a combination not found in other Castianeirines).</p><p>Description. Medium- to large-sized spiders (5.62 8.38 mm in length); carapace orange to black; surface smooth, covered with fine feathery hairs (Figs 5A, C, E, 16A–B, 17A); elongate (a little less in the Venezuelan variation of C. rubicunda), without dorsal or lateral depressions distinguishing cephalic and thoracic regions (Figs 5A, C, E); anterior margin of cephalic region slightly curved, cephalic region narrower than the thoracic region, fovea present; thoracic region same height as cephalic region. AER straight, almost equidistant, AME about three times ALE diameter, PER gently procurved, same width as AER, PME closer to PLE than to each other (Fig. 5B, D, F). Chilum single. Cheliceral promargin with two or three teeth; retromargin with two teeth, with several long erect setae on anterior surface of paturon, plumose setae on interior margin of the paturon; maxillae rectangular, longer than wide, with dense maxillary hair tuft on mesal margins; labium slightly trapezoid, wider than long (Figs 17C, 18C). Sternum longer than wide (Figs 17C, F, 18C, F) (nearly as long as wide, shield-shaped in Venezuelan variation of C. rubicunda and females of C. castor sp. nov.); precoxal triangles present, intercoxal sclerites present between all coxae pairs. Leg formula 4123; legs with short-sized spines, tibia I ventral spination 2-2- 2 in all documented species. Metatarsi and tarsi with dense scopulae (tenent setae) (Fig. 7A, B), trichobothria with distal ridge continuous in a closed alveolus (Fig. 7C, D). Abdomen elongate, males with slight latero-dorsal constriction (absent in Venezuelan variation of C. rubicunda and in C. leda sp. nov.; Fig. 6A, E), present in females of C. rubicunda and in C. pollux sp. nov. (Figs 14A, 15A, C, 16A, C) short pedicel collar (Fig. 6A, C, E) two pairs of very thin, small, unmodified anterior abdominal setae (Fig. 6B, D, F), dorsal scute covering almost entire dorsal surface and fused antero-laterally with epigastric scute in males (Fig. 16C), reduced and not fused in females (Fig. 6E), with feathery hairs and long surface setae forming white patterns (Fig. 4); ventral scute present in males, absent in females (Figs 15C, F, 17C, F, 18C, F); tracheal scute large in both sexes. Male palpal patella with retrolateral projection, well developed and with modified setae in C. pollux sp. nov. and C. castor sp. nov. (Figs 8C, 9C, D, 10C, D); tibia broad, usually with tuft of prolateral hairs (Figs 9B, 10A), one ventral projection in C. pollux sp. nov. and C. castor sp. nov. (Figs 10C, 18H), RTA present, triangular; proximal area of tegulum large; sperm duct with three folds visible ventrally, tegulum with prolateral tegular apophysis, embolus short and ribbon-shaped (Figs 16D, 17G, H, 18G, H); cymbial tip ventral groove absent; cymbium with retrolateral invagination and tip projected proximally (inconspicuous in C. leda sp. nov. and C. castor sp. nov.) (Figs 8B, 9A). Female epigynum with two slit-shaped copulatory openings, ST II globose, fused together, ST I smaller than ST II, undifferentiated from neck; copulatory ducts inserted posteriorly (anteriorly in C. rubicunda) on secondary spermathecae or neck (Figs 12, 15I, J, 18I, J).</p><p>Composition. All species currently in Castianeira, other than those recognized below as Castianeira sensu stricto, are treated as Castianeira sensu lato . Therefore, the genus diagnosis and description here provided refers exclusively to C. rubicunda, C. leda sp. nov., C. castor sp. nov., and C. pollux sp. nov. The correct placement of the remaining 121 species currently assigned to Castianeira remains unresolved (see discussion).</p><p>Key to the species of Castianeira sensu stricto</p><p>Males..................................................................................................... 1</p><p>Females (those of Castianeira leda sp. nov. unknown).............................................................. 4</p><p>1 Patellar process small, without modified setae (Figs 8C, 14D, 16E)........................................... 2</p><p>- Patellar process large, modified setae present (Figs 9B, D, 10C, D)........................................... 3</p><p>2 Tegulum with small promarginal triangular projection (Figs 8E, 15G), large hook-shaped apical projection, embolus projected ventrally (Fig. 15G)......................................... Castianeira rubicunda Keyserling, 1879</p><p>- Projection on tegular promargin absent, prolateral tegular projection very small, embolus projected prolaterally and bilobed (Figs 11A, B, 16D).............................................................. Castianeira leda sp. nov.</p><p>3 Tegulum with large sword-shaped apical projection, embolus small, under detached ventral border (Figs 9C, E, 18G, H)............................................................................ Castianeira pollux sp. nov.</p><p>- Apical projection completely fused to the tegulum, embolus wide, without ventral border (Figs 10A, B, 17G)..................................................................................... Castianeira castor sp. nov.</p><p>4 CO under transverse ridge, two small projections on CO, CD inserted anteriorly on ST II, ST I tube-shaped (Figs 14F, 15I, J)................................................................ Castianeira rubicunda Keyserling, 1879</p><p>- Transversal ridge absent, projections on CO absent, CD inserted posteriorly on ST II, ST I bean-shaped (Figs 17I, 18I).. ................................................................................................ 5</p><p>5 CO large, with posterior border, CD not visible ventrally (Fig. 17I)...................... Castianeira castor sp. nov.</p><p>- CO small, posterior border absent, CD visible ventrally (Fig. 18I)....................... Castianeira pollux sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A814E639FFB7FFBC1FBFAFB2698DA470	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Silva-Junior, Cláudio J.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Silva-Junior, Cláudio J., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2026): On the actual identity of the genus Castianeira Keyserling, 1879 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae): the type species and its relatives. Zootaxa 5763 (1): 39-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.1.2
A814E639FFB4FFB21FBFAD8F6F4DA220.text	A814E639FFB4FFB21FBFAD8F6F4DA220.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Castianeira rubicunda Keyserling 1879	<div><p>Castianeira rubicunda Keyserling, 1879</p><p>Figs 3, 5A–B, 6E–F, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 19</p><p>Castianeira rubicunda Keyserling, 1879: 335; pl. 4, fig. 28 (holotype ♂, COLOMBIA: New Granada, in NHM, examined from photographs); Schmidt, 1997: 6, figs 1–3 (♀, misidentification).</p><p>Castianeira memnonia Banks, 1929: 59, pl. 1, fig. 11, pl. 3, fig. 50, pl. 4, fig. 64; Chickering, 1937: 4, pl. 4, fig. 44, pl. 5, fig. 61; Reiskind, 1969: 245, figs 178–181, 194–196 (misidentifications).</p><p>Notes. Here we provide the first redescription of C astianeira rubicunda based on material from northeastern Colombia, Venezuela and Panama. As in the case of the type of Mazax memnonia comb. nov., the holotype of C. rubicunda also lacks a precise type locality, referred to in the original description as Nueva Granada, encompassing Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and even portions of Peru and Brazil. According to Levi (1964), the reference to this locality indicates that the material studied by Keyserling must have been collected over sixty years prior to his first publication. The examination of the holotype of C. rubicunda indicated no consistent differences in the male palpal elements in relation to the specimens from our samples, including Panamanian specimens previously identified as C. memnonia by Banks (1929), Chickering (1937) and Reiskind, (1969). Colombian and Venezuelan specimens also do not differ in either palpal morphology or epigynal conformation. Additionally, we consider the proposed female of C. rubicunda, described by Schmidt (1997), as a misidentification, since females of C. rubicunda were found associated with males in Panama by Banks (1929) and Reiskind (1969) (under C. memnonia), and are reported here as well in vials from Venezuela and Colombia. The Venezuelan specimens are smaller than those from Central America (compare Figs 15A–F with Figs 14A, B, E), with a relatively shorter carapace and abdomen. However, no significant differences were observed in the genitalic morphology, except for the position of the tegulum relative to the cymbium (Figs 13D–F, 14C, D, 15G, H), due to haematodochae expansion following death. Although the exact information on the type locality of C. rubicunda is not available, if the Andean range played a role in the somatic differences between these populations, this locality is likely situated west of the Andes, since the holotype and the Colombian specimens here recorded as C. rubicunda resemble Central American forms more than those from Venezuela.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of C. rubicunda resemble those of C. leda sp. nov. by the smaller RPP (Figs 15H, 16E) but differ by the long, curved and ventrally oriented PTP (very small in C. leda sp. nov.). Additionally, they differ from all other species by a small triangular projection on the prolateral tegular margin (Fig. 15G, H). Females differ from all other Castianeira sensu stricto by the epigynum with a transverse ridge, the two small projections on the CO, and the CD inserted anteriorly in ST II (Fig. 15I, J).</p><p>Description. Male (AMNH— Cesar, Sierra de Perijá). Total length 5.62. Carapace 2.50 long, 1.56 wide. Sternum 1.09 long, 0.85 wide. Abdomen 2.96 long, 1.26 wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.16, ALE 0.06, PME 0.09, PLE 0.09. Eye inter-distances: AME–AME 0.08. AME–ALE 0.01, ALE–PLE 0.06, PME–PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.05, AME–PME 0.11. Carapace dark brown. Maxillae and labium dark brown, inner margin pale yellow (Fig. 15A–C). Chelicerae brown, with two promarginal teeth of unequal sizes (distal larger than proximal) and two equal retromarginal teeth. Sternum light brown, shield-shaped (Fig. 15C). Abdomen with dark brown dorsal scute, light brown rectangular-shaped ventral scute, light brown tracheal scute (Fig. 15A–C), slightly constricted dorsally. All coxae pale yellow. Trochanters following pattern of coxae, femora I and II brown and pale yellow distally, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi pale yellow. Legs III and IV with femora light brown, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi light brown and tarsi yellow. Leg measurements: I—1.65 / 0.58 / 1.56 / 1.33 / 1.19; II—1.58 / 0.47 / 1.36 / 1.32 / 1.01; III—1.45 / 0.57 / 1.22 / 2.44 / 0.73; IV—2.07 / 0.79/ 1.87 / 2.35 / 1.18. Spination: I—femur do 1-1-1, tibia ve 2-2-1; metatarsus ve 2-2/ II—femur do 1-1-0; metatarsus ve 2-2/ III—femur do 1-1-1; pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1; tibia do 0-0-1, pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1, ve 0-0-1; metatarsus pl 1-1-0-1, rl 1-1-0-1, ve 2-2-2-1/ IV—femur do 1-0-1-1, pl 0-0-0-1, rl 0-0-0- 1; tibia do 0-0-1, pl 1-0-1, rl 1-0-1, ve p 1-0-1; metatarsus pl 1-1-0-1, rl 1-1-0-1, ve 2-2. Palp with small RPP, tibia with rectangular RTA, oriented distally. Subtegulum with denticulate surface (Fig. 8D). Tegulum with short neck, embolus inserted ventrally, tip oriented retrolaterally, proximal in relation to PTP (Fig. 15G, H).</p><p>Female (AMNH— Cesar, Sierra de Perijá). Total length 7.29. Carapace 2.98 long, 1.77 wide. Sternum 1.34 long, 1.04 wide. Abdomen 4.08 long, 2.58 wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.11, ALE 0.06, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10. Eye inter-distances: AME–AME 0.09. AME–ALE 0.03, ALE–PLE 0.07, PME–PME 0.16, PME–PLE 0.07, AME–PME 0.16. Carapace, maxillae, labium and chelicerae as in male (Figs 15D–F). Sternum brown, shield-shaped, covered in sparse feathery hairs (Fig. 15F). Abdomen with dorsal scute reduced to small plate, feathers hairs covering as in male (Fig. 15D). Leg coloration as in male. Leg measurements: I—2.06 / 0.74 / 1.91 / 1.69 / 0.97; II—1.97 / 0.68 / 1.70 / 1.48 / 0.95; III—1.80 / 0.60 / 1.43 / 1.76 / 0.75; IV—2.62 / 0.72 / 2.36 / 2.99 / 1.05. Spination I—femur do 1-1-1, pl 0-1-0-1, rl 0-1-0-1; tibia ve 2-2-2; metatarsus ve 2-2/ II—femur do 1-1-1, pl 0-1-0-1, rl 0-1-0-1; tibia ve 2- 2-2; metatarsus ve 2-2/ III—femur do 1-1-1; pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1; tibia do 0-0-1, pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1, ve 0-0-1; metatarsus pl 1-1-0-1, rl 1-1-0-1, ve 2-2-2-1/ IV—femur do 1-0-1-1, pl 0-0-0-1, rl 0-0-0-1; tibia do 0-0-1, pl 1-0-1, rl 1-0-1, ve p 1-0-1; metatarsus pl 1-1-0-1, rl 1-1-0-1, ve 2-2. Epigynum with transversal ridge, CO hidden, with sclerotized marginal projections. ST II larger than ST I, kidney-shaped. CD larger than ST II, inserted antero-laterally in ST II, located ventrally in relation to ST II. ST I tube-shaped (Fig. 15I, J).</p><p>Variation. The Venezuelan specimens are smaller than the Panamanian forms (Fig. 15A–F), with differences in the abdominal constriction (strong in Panamanian forms, Fig. 14A, B) and carapace length, which is wider (posterior area slightly narrower in Panamanian forms; Fig. 14A, B, E).</p><p>Material examined. COLOMBIA: Cesar: Finca San Jose 8 km, SE of Socorpa Mission, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.00025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.999583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.00025/lat 9.999583)">Sierra de Perijá</a>, 1450–1500m [9°59'58.5"N, 73°00'00.9"W], 1♂, 1–14.VII.1968, leg. B. Malkin (AMNH) ; same data, but 1350– 1400m, 1♀, 1–14.VIII.1968 (AMNH); same data, but 1♀, 27–31.VII.1968 (AMNH) . PANAMA: Canal Zone, 1♂, 1♀ (MCZ, examined from photographs) . VENEZUELA: Miranda, 28 km Altagracia, Guatopo Nat., Pk. 700 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.05134&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.695473" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.05134/lat 9.695473)">El Lucero</a> [9°41'43.7"N, 64°03'04.8"W], 2♂ 1♀, 31. V –7. VI.1987, leg. S. &amp; J. Peck (AMNH) ; same data, but 5♂ 2♀, 7–14. VI.1987 (AMNH); same data, but 400 m, Agua Blanca, 1♂, 7–14. VI.1987 (AMNH) ; same data, but 700 m, 3♂ ♀, 14. VI –5.VIII.1987 (AMNH); same data, but 1♂ (AMNH); Monagas, Caripe, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.50536&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.182834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.50536/lat 10.182834)">Cueva Guacharo</a>, 700 m [10°10'58.2"N, 63°30'19.3"W], 1♂, 20–30.VII.1987, leg. S. &amp; J. Peck (AMNH) ; Tachira, Pregonero, Camp Siberia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.76275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.014389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.76275/lat 8.014389)">La Idea</a>, 1200 m [8°00'51.8"N, 71°45'45.9"W], 4♂, 10–31.VII.1989, leg. S. &amp; J. Peck (AMNH) .</p><p>Distribution. Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela (Fig. 19).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A814E639FFB4FFB21FBFAD8F6F4DA220	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Silva-Junior, Cláudio J.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Silva-Junior, Cláudio J., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2026): On the actual identity of the genus Castianeira Keyserling, 1879 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae): the type species and its relatives. Zootaxa 5763 (1): 39-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.1.2
A814E639FFBAFFB31FBFABA26F18A7C4.text	A814E639FFBAFFB31FBFABA26F18A7C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Castianeira leda Silva-Junior & Bonaldo 2026	<div><p>Castianeira leda sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 5C–D, 6A–B, 11, 16, 19</p><p>Type material. ♂ holotype, BRAZIL: Pará: Novo Progresso, Serra do Cachimbo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.942223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.280277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.942223/lat -9.280277)">Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Velloso</a>, 9º16'49"S, 54º56'32"W, 15.IX.2003, leg. A. Bonaldo (MPEG(ARA)003159) .</p><p>Paratypes: COLOMBIA: Amazon, 18 km N of Leticia [4°09'10.8"S, 69°56'24.7"W], 1♂, 24–28.II.1974, leg. S. &amp; J. Peck (AMNH). PERU: Madre de Dios, Zona Reservada Tambopata, 30 km SW Puerto Maldonado, 12º50'S, 69º17"W, 1♂, 28.II.1984, leg. T.L. Erwin (USNM) .</p><p>Etymology. Inspired by the etymology of Castianeira provided by Cameron (2005); the specific name is a Latin noun in apposition after Leda, the mother of Castor and Pollux in Greco-Roman mythology.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of C. leda sp. nov. resemble those of C. rubicunda by the small RPP (Figs 15H, 16D) but differ by the very small PTP and by the bifid embolus, projected prolaterally (Figs 11A, B, 16D). Additionally, they can be recognized by the yellow general coloration (Figs 4, 16A–C).</p><p>Description. Male (MPEG-ARA-003159). Total length 6.63. Carapace 2.26 long, 1.69 wide. Sternum 1.35 long, 0.94 wide. Abdomen 3.52 long, 1.44 wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.14, ALE 0.07, PME 0.09, PLE 0.08. Eye inter-distances: AME–AME 0.07, AME–ALE 0.01, ALE–PLE 0.17, PME–PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.06, AME–PME 0.13. Carapace pale yellow, covered with feathery hairs (Fig. 16A, B). Maxillae and labium yellow, inner margin white (Fig. 16C). Chelicerae pale yellow, with two promarginal teeth of unequal sizes (distal larger than proximal), two equal retromarginal teeth. Sternum yellow, elongate, covered with sparse long hairs (Fig. 16C). Abdomen not constricted, dorsal scute pale yellow-orange, covered by feathery hairs forming two white lines in anterior area and two black lines in posterior area, proximal black line interrupted medially, ventral scute pale yellow, rectangular-shaped, tracheal scute pale yellow (Figs 6A, 16C). All coxae pale yellow. Trochanters pale yellow-orange, femora I and II orange, pale yellow distally, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi pale yellow. Legs III and IV with femora orange, with black lines pro- and retrolaterally, patellae pale yellow, tibia III pale yellow with retro- and prolateral margin black, tibia IV dark orange. Leg measurements: I—2.29 / 0.67 /2.37 / 2.00 / 1.28; II—2.14 / 0.65 / 1.82 / 1.86 / 1.06; III—2.26 / 0.67 / 1.75 / 1.92 / 0.92; IV—3.28 / 0.74 / 2.72 / 3.53 / 1.37. Spination: I—femur do 1-1-1, pl 0-1-0-1, rl 0-1-0-1; tibia ve 2-2-2; metatarsus ve 2-2/ II—femur do 1-1-1, pl 0-1-0-1, rl 0-1-0-1; tibia ve 2-2-2; metatarsus ve 2-2/ III—femur do 1-1-1; pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1; tibia do 0-0-1, pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1, ve 0-0-1; metatarsus pl 1-1-0-1, rl 1-1-0-1, ve 2-2-2-1/ IV—femur do 1-0-1-1, pl 0-0-0-1, rl 0-0-0-1; tibia do 0-0-1, pl 1-0-1, rl 1-0-1, ve p 1-0-1; metatarsus pl 1-1-0-1, rl 1-1-0-1, ve 2-2. RPP small. RTA dorsally projected. Palp with short neck, embolus bilobed, with prominent ventral retrolateral border present (Fig. 16D, E).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Only the type specimens.</p><p>Distribution. Colombia, Peru, and Brazil (Fig. 18).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A814E639FFBAFFB31FBFABA26F18A7C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Silva-Junior, Cláudio J.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Silva-Junior, Cláudio J., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2026): On the actual identity of the genus Castianeira Keyserling, 1879 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae): the type species and its relatives. Zootaxa 5763 (1): 39-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.1.2
A814E639FFBBFFAB1FBFA98E6ED4A7C4.text	A814E639FFBBFFAB1FBFA98E6ED4A7C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Castianeira castor Silva-Junior & Bonaldo 2026	<div><p>Castianeira castor sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5E, F, 6C, D, 10, 17, 19</p><p>Type material. ♂ holotype, VENEZUELA: Bolívar: 20 km N. Upata [8°01'13.2"N, 62°23'00.8"W], 21.VI– 12.VII.1987, leg. S. &amp; J. Peck (AMNH) .</p><p>Paratypes: VENEZUELA: Bolívar: 70 km W C Bolívar, Puente Cocuizas, [6°42'51.3"N, 61°36'47.4"W], 1♀, 19.VI–3.VIII.1987, leg. S. &amp; J. Peck (AMNH); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.612415&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.7139997" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.612415/lat 6.7139997)">Guri</a>, [6°42'50.4"N, 61°36'44.7"W], 1♂, 17.VI.1996, leg. H. &amp; A. Howden (AMNH) . BRAZIL: Amazonas, Manaus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.96539&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.995889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.96539/lat -2.995889)">Reserva Campina</a> [2°59'45.2"S, 59°57'55.4"W], 1♂, 18.VII.1973, leg. L.P. Albuquerque (MCN-19289) .</p><p>Etymology. Inspired by the etymology of Castianeira provided by Cameron (2005); the specific name is a Latin noun in apposition after Castor, one of the twin half-brothers known as the Dioscuri, son of Leda and Tyndareus, the king of Sparta.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of C. castor sp. nov. resemble those of C. pollux sp. nov. by the RPP developed and covered with modified setae (Figs 9B, D, 10C, D) and by the presence of one ventral projection on the palpal tibia (Figs 9C, 17H), but it differs by the wide PTP insertion on the tegulum and the presence of a pit-shaped depression on the tegulum (long and curved, insertion narrow, and depression absent in C. pollux sp. nov.); embolus wide (short, under a detached ventral border in C. pollux sp. nov.; compare Fig. 17G, H with Fig. 18G, H). Females can be recognized by the large CO with elevated borders (Fig. 17 I, J).</p><p>Description. Male (AMNH). Total length 7.39. Carapace 3.01 long, 1.63 wide. Sternum 1.38 long, 0.94 wide. Abdomen 3.82 long, 1.45 wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.12, ALE 0.09, PME 0.09, PLE 0.10. Eye inter-distances: AME–AME 0.07. AME–ALE 0.01, ALE–PLE 0.17, PME–PME 0.13, PME–PLE 0.04, AME–PME 0.09. Carapace brown, covered by spaced feathery hairs, densely distributed in ocular area. Maxillae and labium brown, inner margin pale yellow (Fig. 17A–C). Chelicerae brown, with two promarginal teeth of unequal size (distal larger than proximal), two equal retromarginal teeth. Sternum elongate and brown (Fig. 17C).Abdomen with brown dorsal scute, covered by feathery hairs (Fig. 6E); ventral scute dark brown, rectangular-shaped, tracheal scute brown (Fig. 17C), slightly constricted in middle. All coxae pale yellow-brown, remaining leg segments brown. Trochanters following pattern of coxae, femora I, II and III light brown, pale yellow distally; patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi pale yellow. Leg IV with femora, patellae, tibia brown, metatarsi dark brown and tarsi pale yellow. Leg measurements: I—1.80 / 0.52 / 1.68 / 1.59 / 0.91; II—1.66 / 0.50 / 1.51 / 1.42 / 0.96; III—1.49 / 0.54 / 1.38 / 1.70 / 0.69; IV—2.23 / 0.71 / 2.21 / 2.90 / 1.10. Spination: I—femur do 1-1-1, pl 0-0-0-1; tibia ve 2-2-2; metatarsus ve 2-2/ II—femur do 1-1-0, pl 0-0-1; tibia ve 0-0-1r; metatarsus ve 2-2/ III—femur do 1-1-1; pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1; tibia do 0-0-1, pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1, ve 0-0-1; metatarsus pl 1-1-0-1, rl 1-1-0-1, ve 2-2-2-1/ IV—femur do 1-0-1-1, pl 0-0-0-1, rl 0-0-0-1; tibia do 0-0-1, pl 1-0-1, rl 1-0-1, ve p 1-0-1; metatarsus pl 1-1-0-1, rl 1-1-0-1, ve 2-2. Palp with RPP developed, tibia with RTA rectangular-shaped, pointed and distally oriented. Tegulum with short neck, embolus with tip retrolaterally oriented, above PTP, cymbium without apical projection (Fig. 17G, H).</p><p>Female (AMNH). Total length 7.14. Carapace 2.94 long, 1.79 wide. Sternum 1.30 long, 0.95 wide. Abdomen 4.06 long, 2.52 wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.11, ALE 0.07, PME 0.09, PLE 0.09. Eye inter-distances: AME–AME 0.11, AME–ALE 0.06, ALE–PLE 0.17, PME–PME 0.18, PME–PLE 0.14, AME–PME 0.17. Carapace, maxillae, labium and chelicerae as in male (Fig. 17D–F). Sternum brown, elongate, covered with sparse long hairs. Abdomen with dorsal scute reduced to small plate, covered by feathery hairs, as in male. Leg coloration as in male. Leg measurements: I—2.19 / 0.51 / 2.09 / (broken) / (broken); II—2.05 / 0.49 / 1.84 / 1.44 / 1.08; III—1.91 / 0.67 / 1.64 / 1.93 / 0.82; IV—2.82 / 0.80 / 2.71 / (broken) / (broken). Spination: I—femur do 1-1-1, pl 0-0-0-1; tibia ve 2-2-2; metatarsus ve 2-2/ II—femur do 1-1-0, pl 0-0-1; tibia ve 0-0-1r; metatarsus ve 2-2/ III—femur do 1-1-1; pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1; tibia do 0-0-1, pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1, ve 0-0-1; metatarsus pl 1-1-0-1, rl 1-1-0-1, ve 2-2-2-1/ IV—femur do 1- 0-1-1, pl 0-0-0-1, rl 0-0-0-1; tibia do 0-0-1, pl 1-0-1, rl 1-0-1, ve p 1-0-1; metatarsus pl 1-1-0-1, rl 1-1-0-1, ve 2-2. Epigynum very sclerotized. ST II larger than ST I, ballon-shaped. CD same length as ST II, inserted posteriorly into ST II. ST I bean-shaped (Fig. 17I, J).</p><p>Material examined. Only the type specimens.</p><p>Distribution. Venezuela and Brazil (Fig. 18).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A814E639FFBBFFAB1FBFA98E6ED4A7C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Silva-Junior, Cláudio J.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Silva-Junior, Cláudio J., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2026): On the actual identity of the genus Castianeira Keyserling, 1879 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae): the type species and its relatives. Zootaxa 5763 (1): 39-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.1.2
A814E639FFA3FFAF1FBFAD306F13A128.text	A814E639FFA3FFAF1FBFAD306F13A128.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Castianeira pollux Silva-Junior & Bonaldo 2026	<div><p>Castianeira pollux sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 9, 12, 18, 19</p><p>Type material. ♂ holotype, BRAZIL: Pará: Tucuruí, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.670696&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.7259166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.670696/lat -3.7259166)">Rio Tocantins</a> [3°43'33.3"S, 49°40'14.5"W], 27.XI– 11.XI.1989, leg. N. Degallier (MPEG(ARA)-41726) .</p><p>Paratypes: BRAZIL: Roraima: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.108166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.500584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.108166/lat -14.500584)">Rio Jufari</a> [0°56'48.5"S, 62°15'13.5"W], 1♂, 31.V.2012, leg. C.A. Rheims &amp; R.P. Indicatti et al. (IBSP-25201); same data as holotype, but 1♀ (MPEG(ARA)-41726); Pará: Juruti, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.108166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.500584" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.108166/lat -14.500584)">Acampamento Mutum</a>, 01º36'44.7"S, 56º11'39.2"W, 1♀, 6.VIII.2008, leg. N.C. Bastos (MPEG(ARA)019939); Curianópolis, 06º15'47.1"S, 49º45'20.5"W, 3♂, 5–7.VIII.2017, leg. M.G.T. Tavares (MPEG(ARA)-41727); Bahia: Gandu [13°46'45.1"S, 39°29'20.6"W], 2♂ (MNRJ-3025); Uruçaca [14°30'02.1"S, 39°06'29.4"W], 1♂, 26.XI.1977, leg. J.S. Santos (MCN-17947) . FRENCH GUIANA: Mitaraka Mountain, Massif du Mitaraka, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.2666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.516666/lat 2.2666667)">Parc Amazonien de Guyane</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.2666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.516666/lat 2.2666667)">Remire-Montjoly</a>, 2º16'00"N, 54º31'00"W, 1♂, 2016, leg. V. Vedel (IBSP-213498) .</p><p>Etymology. Inspired by the etymology of Castianeira provided by Cameron (2005); the specific name is a Latin noun in apposition after Pollux, one of the twin half-brothers known as the Dioscuri, son of Leda and Zeus, who seduced her disguised as a swan.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of C. pollux sp. nov. resemble those of C. castor sp. nov. by the RPP developed and with modified setae (Figs 9B, D, 10C, D), and by the presence of a ventral projection on the palpal tibia, but differ by the long, curved PTP (approximately three times the length of the embolus) and by the short embolus under a detached ventral border (PTP fused to the tegulum and embolus wide in C. castor sp. nov.; compare Fig. 18G, H with 17G, H). Females can be recognized by the long CD (same length as the vulva in C. castor sp. nov.) that are visible ventrally (not visible in in C. castor sp. nov.) (compare Fig. 18I with 17I).</p><p>Description. Male (MPEG(ARA)-41726). Total length 8.09. Carapace 3.36 long, 1.66 wide. Sternum 1.49 long, 0.91 wide. Abdomen 4.38 long, 1.43 wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.12, ALE 0.08, PME 0.12, PLE 0.10. Eye inter-distances: AME–AME 0.11, AME–ALE 0.03, ALE–PLE 0.17, PME–PME 0.12, PME–PLE 0.06, AME–PME 0.16. Carapace brown, carapace covered by feathery hairs, densely distributed in ocular area. Maxillae and labium dark brown, inner margin pale yellow (Fig. 18A, C). Chelicerae brown, two promarginal teeth of unequal size (distal larger than proximal), two equal retromarginal teeth. Sternum dark brown, elongate, covered in sparse feathery hairs (Fig. 18C). Abdomen constricted dorsally, with dorsal scute brown, ventral scute brown, rectangular, tracheal scute brown-black (Fig. 18A, C). Coxae and trochanters I to III pale yellow, IV pale yellow. Femora I and II brown, pale yellow distally; patellae, tibiae, metatarsi, and tarsi yellow. Legs III and IV with femora dark brown, patellae yellow, with distal area black, tibia III pale yellow with retro- and prolateral margins black, tibia IV dark brown with distal area yellow, metatarsi and tarsi III yellow, metatarsi IV dark brown, with distal area yellow, tarsi IV yellow. Leg measurements: I—2.18 / 0.61 / 2.26 / 2.46 / 1.26; II—2.01 / 0.51 / 1.88 / 1.85 / 1.14; III—2.11 / 0.53 / 1.80 / 2.18 / 1.03; IV—3.29 / 0.81 / 2.86 / 3.73 / 1.53. Spination: I—femur do 1-1-1, pl 0-0-0-1; tibia ve 2-2-2; metatarsus ve 2-2/ II—femur do 1-1-0, pl 0-0-1; tibia ve 0-0-1r; metatarsus ve 2-2/ III—femur do 1-1-1; pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1; tibia do 0-0-1, pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1, ve 0-0-1; metatarsus pl 1-1-0-1, rl 1-1-0-1, ve 2-2-2-1/ IV—femur do 1-0-1-1, pl 0-0-0-1, rl 0-0-0-1; tibia do 0-0-1, pl 1-0-1, rl 1-0-1, ve p 1-0-1; metatarsus pl 1-1-0-1, rl 1-1-0-1, ve 2-2. RPP large, developed, with modified setae (Fig. 9B, D). RTA rectangular (Fig. 18G, H).</p><p>Female (MPEG-ARA-019939). Total length 8.38. Carapace 3.62 long, 2.11 wide. Sternum 1.60 long, 1.09 wide. Abdomen 4.43 long, 2.16 wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.14, ALE 0.09, PME 0.11, PLE 0.11. Eye inter-distances: AME–AME 0.09, AME–ALE 0.03, ALE–PLE 0.07, PME–PME 0.13, PME–PLE 0.07, AME–PME 0.14. Carapace, maxillae, labium, and chelicerae as in male (Fig. 18D, F). Sternum dark brown, shield-shaped, covered with sparse feathery hairs. Abdomen with dorsal scute reduced to anterior portion, feathery hairs covering dorsum, as in male (Fig. 18F). Leg coloration as in male. Leg measurements: I—2.57 / 0.72 / 2.21 / 1.90 / 1.40; II—2.40 / 0.69 / 1.97 / 1.83 / 1.13; III—2.28 / 0.58 / 1.83 / 2.05 / 1.06; IV—3.22 / 0.78 / 2.97 / 2.65 / (broken). Spination I—femur do 1-1- 1, pl 0-1-0-1, rl 0-1-0-1; tibia ve 2-2-2; metatarsus ve 2-2/ II—femur do 1-1-1, pl 0-1-0-1, rl 0-1-0-1; tibia ve 2-2-2; metatarsus ve 2-2/ III—femur do 1-1-1; pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1; tibia do 0-0-1, pl 0-1-1, rl 0-1-1, ve 0-0-1; metatarsus pl 1-1-0-1, rl 1-1-0-1, ve 2-2-2-1/ IV—femur do 1-0-1-1, pl 0-0-0-1, rl 0-0-0-1; tibia do 0-0-1, pl 1-0-1, rl 1-0-1, ve p 1-0-1; metatarsus pl 1-1-0-1, rl 1-1-0-1, ve 2-2. Epigynum with large ventral depression between spermathecae and CO, one smaller between CO. ST II balloon-shaped, larger than ST I, CD inserted posteriorly in ST II, ST I bean-shaped (Fig. 18I, J).</p><p>Other material examined. BRAZIL: Alagoas: Murici, Estação Ecológica Murici, 9º15'S, 35º51"W, 1♂, 13– 22.XI.2003, leg. Equipe Biota (IBSP-215800); same data, but 3♂ (IBSP-215807); Bahia: Jaguaripe [13°06'48.3"S, 38°53'04.0"W], 1♀, 2013–2014, leg. C.M. Leite (IBSP-318721(2)) .</p><p>Distribution. Colombia, Peru and Brazil (Fig. 19).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A814E639FFA3FFAF1FBFAD306F13A128	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Silva-Junior, Cláudio J.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Silva-Junior, Cláudio J., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2026): On the actual identity of the genus Castianeira Keyserling, 1879 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae): the type species and its relatives. Zootaxa 5763 (1): 39-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.1.2
