taxonID	type	description	language	source
A9578781FFC2FF94300F30CDFBA8F9BF.taxon	description	Figures 1, 2 A	en	Entiauspe-Neto, Omar Machado, Quintela, Fernando Marques, Regnet, Ruth Anastasia, Teixeira, Victor Hugo, Silveira, Franck, Loebmann, Daniel (2017): A New and Microendemic Species ofOphiodesWagler, 1828 (Sauria: Diploglossinae) from the Lagoa dos Patos Estuary, Southern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 51 (4): 515-522, DOI: 10.1670/17-007, URL: https://doi.org/10.1670/17-007
A9578781FFC2FF94300F30CDFBA8F9BF.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. — CHFURG 3589, an adult female, collected on 29 October 2015 by Daniel Loebmann (Figs. 1, 2), at Laranjal Beach (- 31.76668 S - 52.21668 W), altitude approximately 2 m, Patos Lagoon estuary, municipality of Pelotas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Paratypes. — CHFURG 3564 – 3587 from type locality; CHFURG 3588 from Barra, municipality of Rio Grande (- 32.03508 S - 52.09888 W); all specimens collected between 29 October and 3 November 2015 by Daniel Loebmann. Examined Specimens. — MCN 15969 from Ilha dos Marinheiros, Rio Grande (- 32.00008 S - 52.15008 W), collected by Fernando Marques Quintela on an unknown date of 2006.	en	Entiauspe-Neto, Omar Machado, Quintela, Fernando Marques, Regnet, Ruth Anastasia, Teixeira, Victor Hugo, Silveira, Franck, Loebmann, Daniel (2017): A New and Microendemic Species ofOphiodesWagler, 1828 (Sauria: Diploglossinae) from the Lagoa dos Patos Estuary, Southern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 51 (4): 515-522, DOI: 10.1670/17-007, URL: https://doi.org/10.1670/17-007
A9578781FFC2FF94300F30CDFBA8F9BF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. — Ophiodes enso sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners based on a combination of: 1) dorsum with three wide, dark brown stripes and two pairs of conspicuous light yellow lines, one paravertebral and another dorsolateral; 2) dark vertebral line absent; 3) lateral background coloration light gray with four to five pale and narrow longitudinal stripes; 4) ventral region uniformly light gray; 5) hind limb extending to the posterior vent scale margin; 6) small eyes, smaller than half of the snout – orbit distance; 7) supralabials with well-defined, although small, supralabial blotches, restricted to their outer margins; 8) 140 – 151 scales between occipital and vent; 9) supralabials 9 / 9; 10) supraciliaries 4 / 4; 11) 22 – 26 longitudinal scales around midbody. A table of comparative characters is provided (Table 1). Ophiodes enso differs from O. fragilis by: 1) supralabials 1 – 5 with blackish posterior margins, being conspicuously barred (in O. fragilis supralabials with well-defined bars, and comparatively darker and longer stripes); 2) darker dorsal background coloration, with marked edges and lighter sides (dorsal and lateral coloration comparatively more uniform in O. fragilis); 3) two pairs of conspicuous dorsal light stripes (a single pair of less-defined dorsolateral light stripes is present in O. fragilis). Ophiodes enso can be distinguished from O. striatus by: 1) supralabials with black blotches (well-defined supralabial bars in O. striatus); 2) flat supraocular region (raised supraocular region in O. striatus); 3) brownish lateral background (vividly greenish sides in O. striatus); 4) two preoculars (three preoculars in O. striatus); 5) 140 – 151 scales between occipital and vent (147 – 164 in O. striatus). Ophiodes enso differs from O. vertebralis (Fig. 3) by: 1) absence of dark vertebral line (well-defined vertebral line in O. vertebralis); 2) presence of two conspicuous pairs of light yellow dorsal stripes (a single pair of conspicuous light yellow lateral stripes delimited by adjacent dark lines in O. vertebralis); 3) well-defined, although small, supralabial blotches, restricted to their outer margins (supralabials in O. vertebralis with inconspicuous and irregular black markings); 4) slender rostrum; 5) uniform dorsal head coloration (conspicuous black markings in O. vertebralis, while almost forming a stripe on its supraocular region). Ophiodes enso is distinguished from O. intermedius by: 1) well-defined, although small, supralabial blotches, restricted to their outer margins (well-defined supralabial bars in O. intermedius); 2) absence of dark vertebral stripe (present in O. intermedius); 3) flat supraocular region (supraocular region raised in O. intermedius); 4) presence of two conspicuous pairs of light yellow dorsal stripes delimited by dark lines (a single pair of conspicuous light yellow dorsolateral stripes delimited by dark lines in O. intermedius). Ophiodes enso differs from O. luciae by: 1) blotched supralabials (supralabials in O. luciae are uniformly colored), 2) flat supraocular region (conspicuously raised supraocular region in O. luciae); 3) comparatively smaller snout – orbit distance; 4) posterior appendage extending beyond the vent scale margin (posterior appendage short, not reaching the vent scale margin in O. luciae); 5) 140 – 151 scales between occipital and vent (171 in O. luciae); 6) supralabials 9 / 9 (supralabials 7 / 8 in O. luciae); 7) supraciliars 4 / 4 (supraciliars 5 / 5 in O. luciae); 8) 22 – 26 longitudinal scales around midbody (instead of 29 in O. luciae).	en	Entiauspe-Neto, Omar Machado, Quintela, Fernando Marques, Regnet, Ruth Anastasia, Teixeira, Victor Hugo, Silveira, Franck, Loebmann, Daniel (2017): A New and Microendemic Species ofOphiodesWagler, 1828 (Sauria: Diploglossinae) from the Lagoa dos Patos Estuary, Southern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 51 (4): 515-522, DOI: 10.1670/17-007, URL: https://doi.org/10.1670/17-007
A9578781FFC2FF94300F30CDFBA8F9BF.taxon	description	Description of Holotype. — A medium-sized Ophiodes; adult female, snout – vent length (SVL) 206 mm, tail length 289 mm, tail length ~ 1.4 · SVL; body cylindrical; ear opening not visible; dorsal and dorsolateral scales (29 circumferential longitudinal rows at midbody of holotype) with longitudinal grooves; posterior appendage extending to the posterior vent scale margin. Rostral rounded and well-developed, contacting the first supralabials, nasal, and internasal; nasal quadrate and short, smaller than the first supralabial; anterior internasal contacting rostral, nasal, and posterior internasal; posterior internasal slightly larger than anterior internasal, contacting anterior nasal, postnasal, anterior loreal, and prefrontal; prefrontal large and heart-shaped, contacting posterior internasals, anterior loreal, posterior canthal, anterior supraocular, and frontal; frontal elongated, about twice longer than wide, contacting prefrontal, anterior supraocular, supraoculars 2 – 3, frontoparietal, and interparietal; frontoparietal small, similar in size to posterior supraocular; interparietal longer than wide, reaching ~ 0.6 frontal length, and contacting frontal, frontoparietal, parietal, and occipital; parietal longer than wide, similar in size to interparietal; occipital rhombus shaped, about half the size of interparietal; supraoculars 5 / 5; supraciliars 4 / 4; postnasal contacting the posterior internasal and the first two supralabials; anterior loreal large, contacting supralabials 2 and 3; posterior loreal small, contacting supralabial 3; canthal wider than higher; preoculars 2 / 2; postoculars 3 / 3; temporals 4 / 4; supralabials 9 / 9, only the fifth contacting the eye; infralabials 9 / 9; symphyseal rounded; postsymphyseal wider than long, contacting only the first infralabials; two anterior gulars contacting the second infralabials; 3 posterior gulars; 4 sublabials; 141 ventral scales; 25 longitudinal scales around midbody; 6 scales along hind limb. Color in Life. — Overall coloration pattern in life can be seen in Figures 1 and 4. Head dark brown except for paler supralabials, base of rostral and mandibular scales; posterior and upper margin of supralabials and preoculars (and temporal in some specimens) with slightly black bars. Three broad, dark brown dorsal longitudinal stripes, one and two are half scales wide and edged by a pair of thin black stripes. The dark brown dorsal stripes are interleaved with two pairs of light yellow longitudinal stripes, limited by black lines. Sides light brownish-gray with four to five pale brown lateral lines. Ventral region uniformly light gray. At the cloacal opening, the vertebral pair of light yellow longitudinal stripes converges proximally and fades while two new stripes emerge, without a black margin on its inner portion; the dark brown stripes turn into thin black stripes over a light brown background. The pattern below the cloacal opening is not visible in specimens that had autotomized the tails, becoming indistinct dark brown or light gray. Also noteworthy is that specimens from Rio Grande (CHFURG 3588, MCN 15696) presented metallic beige stripes instead of dark brown longitudinal stripes. Because of the lack of beige specimens from Pelotas, and to this being an exclusive pattern of the Rio Grande localities, we think this might be a phenotype restricted to the sandy habitats and salt-marshes from Rio Grande; further studies are needed to evaluate if the establishment of restricted color patterns may be a result of restricted gene flux or reduced populations. Color in Preservative. — After a year in preservative, its coloration has degraded very little: head and dorsal longitudinal stripes that were originally dark brown are black, while its adjacent light yellow stripes have turned gray or white. Variation. — We observed a range of 140 – 151 scales between occipital and vent, 22 – 26 longitudinal scales around midbody, and 6 – 8 scales along hind limb.	en	Entiauspe-Neto, Omar Machado, Quintela, Fernando Marques, Regnet, Ruth Anastasia, Teixeira, Victor Hugo, Silveira, Franck, Loebmann, Daniel (2017): A New and Microendemic Species ofOphiodesWagler, 1828 (Sauria: Diploglossinae) from the Lagoa dos Patos Estuary, Southern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 51 (4): 515-522, DOI: 10.1670/17-007, URL: https://doi.org/10.1670/17-007
A9578781FFC2FF94300F30CDFBA8F9BF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. — The species name refers to the Japanese-Buddhism Enso () symbol, a hand-drawn circle made in a single or double brushstroke that closely resembles the silhouette of a Ophiodes specimen (Fig. 2). Also noteworthy is that type series of O. enso sp. n. was discovered during the El Niño Southern Oscillation event of 2015 (popularly known as ENSO, which is marked by heavy rainfall), and that event culminated in the movement of the aforementioned type series into the Lagoa dos Patos shores. This is also the first species to be discovered as a result of the ENSO phenomenon.	en	Entiauspe-Neto, Omar Machado, Quintela, Fernando Marques, Regnet, Ruth Anastasia, Teixeira, Victor Hugo, Silveira, Franck, Loebmann, Daniel (2017): A New and Microendemic Species ofOphiodesWagler, 1828 (Sauria: Diploglossinae) from the Lagoa dos Patos Estuary, Southern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 51 (4): 515-522, DOI: 10.1670/17-007, URL: https://doi.org/10.1670/17-007
A9578781FFC2FF94300F30CDFBA8F9BF.taxon	distribution	Distribution and Natural History. — The new species is known only from three localities at the Lagoa dos Patos estuary; the municipalities of Pelotas (- 31.76668 S - 52.21668 W), continental Rio Grande (- 32.03508 S - 52.09888 W), and Ilha dos Marinheiros (- 32.00008 S - 52.15008 W), an islet of Rio Grande, all located at the Holocene sandbanks of the Coastal Plains of Rio Grande do Sul in the Pampa biome (Fig. 5). A description of the vegetation and composition of the Lagoa dos Patos estuary is provided by Verrastro et al. (2003).	en	Entiauspe-Neto, Omar Machado, Quintela, Fernando Marques, Regnet, Ruth Anastasia, Teixeira, Victor Hugo, Silveira, Franck, Loebmann, Daniel (2017): A New and Microendemic Species ofOphiodesWagler, 1828 (Sauria: Diploglossinae) from the Lagoa dos Patos Estuary, Southern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 51 (4): 515-522, DOI: 10.1670/17-007, URL: https://doi.org/10.1670/17-007
A9578781FFC2FF94300F30CDFBA8F9BF.taxon	conservation	Conservation. — Because O. enso is known from only three localities, its estimated range is <100 km 2 and the quality of habitat and area of occupancy are in continuing decline, as there are also no protected areas throughout its range. Following International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN, 2014) guidelines, we suggest O. enso should be listed as ‘‘ Critically Endangered’ ’ CR B 1 b (i, ii, iii). We also highlight that the area in which most specimens were collected (Laranjal beach near the ‘‘ Pontal da Barra’ ’) is suffering from strong anthropogenic impacts with the grounding of wetlands (already restricted to a small strip <5 km of extent) in areas that are intended for construction of urban sites.	en	Entiauspe-Neto, Omar Machado, Quintela, Fernando Marques, Regnet, Ruth Anastasia, Teixeira, Victor Hugo, Silveira, Franck, Loebmann, Daniel (2017): A New and Microendemic Species ofOphiodesWagler, 1828 (Sauria: Diploglossinae) from the Lagoa dos Patos Estuary, Southern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 51 (4): 515-522, DOI: 10.1670/17-007, URL: https://doi.org/10.1670/17-007
