identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2A053BC709BD50FD8024483B8501C27D.text	2A053BC709BD50FD8024483B8501C27D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Silene batangensis Limpr.	<div><p>Silene batangensis Limpr. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 363 (1922).</p><p>≡ Melandrium batangense (Limpr.) Pax et Hoffm. in Engler u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2. Aufl. 16 c: 343 (1934) — Lectotype (designated here): China, Sichuan Province, Batang County, on the way to Litang, on the rocky slopes, alt. 3400 m, Limpricht H. W. n. 2232 (WU [WU 0046563]) — Fig. 1 A.</p><p>= Silene dawoensis H. Limpr. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 363 (1922) syn. nov. — Lectotype (designated here): China, Sichuan Province, Dawu (Ressenyi), alt. 3450 m, July 1914, Limpricht H. W. n. 1966 (WU [WU 0046562]) — Fig. 1 B.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Herbs perennial. Roots clustered, fusiform. Stems supine or ascending, 20–35 cm long, multibranched, densely shortly glandular-hairy, apically viscid. Leaves linear, lanceolate, or narrowly lanceolate, 2–3 cm long, 1.5–3.5 (– 5) mm wide, both surfaces glabrous or pubescent, margins ciliate, midvein prominent, base cuneate, apex obtuse or acute. Dichasial cymes 3–7 - flowered, densely glandular hairy; flowers erect, 1.6–2 cm in diam. Pedicel 1–1.8 cm, slender, glandular hairy; bracts lanceolate, herbaceous. Calyx tubular-clavate, 1.2–1.5 cm long, densely pubescent, viscid, longitudinal veins violet; calyx teeth triangular-lanceolate, villous, margin membranous, apex obtuse. Androgynophore 2–3 mm long, glabrous. Petals included in calyx, pale red; claws oblanceolate, glabrous, auricles inconspicuous; limbs obovate, 5–6 mm long, shallowly bifid; lobes nearly square, entire; coronal scales orbicular. Stamens slightly exserted; filaments glabrous. Styles slightly exserted. Capsule ovoid, 6–8 mm. Seeds reniform, seed ridge smooth.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Silene batangensis is distributed in western Sichuan and eastern Xizang, China. The species grows on sandy loam or alluvial soil of the forest margins or riparian shrub grasslands at elevations of 2500–3600 m.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Flowering from June to August and fruiting from August to October.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China. Sichuan: • Daofu County, roadside, 3200 m, 21 July 1974, Sichuan Vegetation Team 05623 (CDBI); Daofu County, the hill behind the Martyr’s Cemetery, on the deserted slope, 3300 m, 29 June 1974, B. C. Gao &amp; Y. T. Wu 111649 (PE) ; Daofu County, 5 July 1977, B. Z. Guo et al. 20904 (KUN, NAS); • Baiyu County, on the road from Baiyu to Dege, on slope, in thicket, 31°35'9.17"N, 98°38'43.95"E, 3176 m, 24 June 2017, D. H. Liu 170165 (BNU); • Dege County, next to the Jinshajiang River Bridge, roadside, 3100 m, 31 July 1 003330 (KUN, CDBI) ; • Derong County, Gajingxue Shan, 28°52'3"N, 99°14'45"E, alt. 3400 m, 19 July 2004, D. E. Boufford et al. 30843 (A); • Batang County, Songduo Country, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.25176&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.261267" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.25176/lat 30.261267)">beside National Highway G 215</a>, 30°15'40.56"N, 99°15'6.35"E, 2992 m, 6 August 2023, F. Yang et al. BT 22486 (YUKU) ; • Batang County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.26682&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.30291" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.26682/lat 30.30291)">on the road from Batang to Baiyu</a>, on mountain slope, scrub, 30°18'10.48"N, 99°16'00.54"E, 3118 m, 23 July 2010, Kham Exp. 10-0465 (PE) ; • Batang County, the hill behind the military station, dry valley area, scrub, 2960 m, 22 June 1983, Hengduan Mountains Vegetation Exp. 4255 (PE) ; • Batang County, Suwalong, the east bank of Jinshajiang River, river bank slope, in an arid thicket, 2600 m, 30 August 1981, Qinghai-Tibet Exp. 005216 (HITBC, CDBI, KUN) ; • Batang County, on the road from Bakuang to Jinshajiang River, the bank of Bachu River, on sandy or gritty soil, in thicket, 2600 m, 21 July 1975, C. L. Tang &amp; Y. H. Guo 1817 (WUK) ; • Batang County, Xiaqiong Town, Xiaobachong, on the rocks in the valley, 3000 m, 22 July 1975, C. L. Tang &amp; Y. H. Guo 1836 (WUK) ; • Batang County, in thicket, 3400 m, 21 August 1982, Q. Q. Wang 29409 (CDBI); • Batang County, 3308.55 m, 30 July 2014, X. X. Zhu et al. CSH 06571 (CSH); • Batang County, 29°45'35"N, 99°1'28"E, 3276.9 m, 29 July 2014, X. X. Zhu et al. CSH 06577 (CSH); Batang County, 3222.72 m, 29 July 2014, Bin Chen et al. CSH 06708 (CSH); • Daocheng County, Mengzi, Wage village, growing among shrubs on sunny slope, 2900 m, 17 August 1973, Sichuan Vegetation Team 2503 (CDBI, PE) ; Daocheng County, in thicket, 2500 m, 18 June 1971, Sichuan Vegetation Team 0039 (CDBI) . Xizang: • Changdu County, South of the city of Changdu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=97.361824&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.899572" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 97.361824/lat 30.899572)">on road (highway 214) to Bangda, along the Langcangjiang (Mekong River)</a>, xeric slope and adjacent ravine running to the river, xeric shrub and herb vegetation dominant, growing among shrubs on dry steep slope, 30°51'33"N, 97°20'24"E, 3080 m, 20 July 2000, D. E. Boufford et al. 29562 (PE) ; Chaya County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=97.361824&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.899572" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 97.361824/lat 30.899572)">near Big footprints, along the Langcangjiang</a>, 30°53'58.46"N, 97°21'42.56"E, 3117 m, 13 August 2023, F. Yang et al. CY 22880 (YUKU) ; • Chaya County, near Jitang Town, roadside, in mountainous region, 3000 m, September 1976, Qinghai-Tibet Supplemental Exp. 5999 (KUN) ; • Chaya County, Jitang Town, Youxi, near the ditch, 3600 m, 8 July 1976, Qinghai-Tibet Exp. 12335 (KUN) ; • Gongjue County, Doba village <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.30862&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.569723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.30862/lat 31.569723)">ca. 13.9 km in a straight line northeast of the city of Gongjue, along the Re Qu, a tributary of the Jinshajiang River</a>, dry slope, 30°58'37"N, 98°19'49"E, 3510-3550 m, 31 July 2009, D. E. Boufford et al. 41523 (P, KUN) ; Jiangda County, east of the city of Jiangda, Tong Pu Xiang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.30862&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.569723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.30862/lat 31.569723)">Jiba Cun on road to Dege County</a>, in Slopes along Du Qu and adjacent roadside, among stones, 31°34'11"N, 98°18'31"E, alt. 3386 m, 30 July 2004, D. E. Boufford et al. 31362 (KUN) ; • Mangkang County, near Rumei village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.37393&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.668795" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.37393/lat 29.668795)">by the Lancang River</a>, 29°40'7.66"N, 98°22'26.15"E, alt. 2970 m, 15 August 2023, F. Yang et al. MK 22969 (YUKU) ; • Mangkang County, Zhubalong village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.92227&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.695026" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.92227/lat 29.695026)">Erdaoban</a>, in the bushes, 29°41'42.10"N, 98°55'20.18"E, alt. 2762 m, 5 August 2024, F. Yang et al. MK 26730 (YUKU) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A053BC709BD50FD8024483B8501C27D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yang, Feng;Wang, Huan-Chong	Yang, Feng, Wang, Huan-Chong (2025): Taxonomic clarification of Silene dawoensis (Caryophyllaceae): synonymization with S. batangensis and reinstatement of S. longiuscula. PhytoKeys 257: 51-64, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.257.153202
2604B0187B9A5EB293421151DFCA9678.text	2604B0187B9A5EB293421151DFCA9678.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Silene longiuscula C. Y. Wu et C. L. Tang	<div><p>Silene longiuscula C. Y. Wu et C. L. Tang in Fl. Yunnan. 6: 236. Addenda 837 (1995).</p><p>Type.</p><p>China • Yunnan Province, Yuanmou County, Jiangbian, Longjie village, Sangangpo, scrubs, alt. 1600 m, 7 August 1965, Pl. Oleifer. Exp. 65-709 (Holotype: KUN [KUN 1205497]; isotypes: LBG [LBG 00055690], KUN [KUN 1205500]). — Fig. 1 C .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Herbs perennial. Stems supine or ascending, much branched, the lower part with densely downward white pilose, the upper part mixed glandular pilose. Leaves numerous, lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 2–4.5 cm long, 0.5–1.2 cm wide, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, apex acute, with long mucronulate, pilose on both surfaces, margin ciliate, midribs slightly concave adaxially, raised abaxially, with densely pilose, lateral veins 1–2 pairs, slender; petiole short, broad, 1–3 mm long, with densely ciliate. Dichasium often 3–15 - flowered; bracts leaflike, linear-lanceolate to subulate, 0.3–0.6 cm long, margin and midribs with densely glandular pilose. Pedicel erect or slightly bending, 2–3.5 cm long, with densely glandular pilose. Calyx tubular, 3–3.3 cm long, ca. 0.4 cm in diam., calyx teeth ovate-triangular, apex round or obtuse, margin membranous, densely ciliate, longitudinal veins 10, violet, not converging at apex, densely glandular pilose. Androgynophore 1.5–1.8 cm long, glabrous. Petals pink, 2.8–3.0 cm long, claws cuneate, exserted beyond calyx, not auriculate, glabrous at base; limbs narrowly obovate-oblong, 1.0– 1.2 cm long, shallowly bifid; lobes nearly square, entire or sometimes notched or lobed, with one linear tooth on each lateral side, ca. 1.5 mm long; coronal scales ca. 1 mm long, entire. Stamens 10, subequal to claws, exserted beyond calyx; anther oblong, ca. 1.5 mm long, filaments glabrous; ovary narrowly elliptical, 0.8–1.0 cm long, styles 3, exserted beyond calyx. Capsule narrowly ovate, exserted beyond persistent calyx, dehiscing with 6; seeds orbicular-reniform, ca. 1 mm long, seed ridge smooth.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Silene longiuscula appears to be a very rare species, known only from three collections from Yunnan and Sichuan. It grows in riparian or hillside shrub grasslands at elevations of 1200–1800 m.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Flowering and fruiting times from July to November.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China Sichuan: • Miyi County, in riparian shrub grasslands, alt. 1250 m, 19 November 1982, D. Liu 23962 (CDBI); • Yanbian County, Taitian village, at roadside, 19 November 1978, Yanbian Exp. 630 (SM) . Yunnan: • Yuanmou County, Longjie village, beside the Jinshajiang River, sunny hillside, scrub grasslands, alt. 1800 m, 14 September 1963, Ging-Sa-Kiang Exp. 63-6900 (KUN, PE) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2604B0187B9A5EB293421151DFCA9678	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yang, Feng;Wang, Huan-Chong	Yang, Feng, Wang, Huan-Chong (2025): Taxonomic clarification of Silene dawoensis (Caryophyllaceae): synonymization with S. batangensis and reinstatement of S. longiuscula. PhytoKeys 257: 51-64, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.257.153202
875C040929015605B54789B8A0F74A6A.text	875C040929015605B54789B8A0F74A6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Silene markamensis L. H. Zhou	<div><p>Silene markamensis L. H. Zhou in Fl. Xizang. 1: 734 (1983).</p><p>Type.</p><p>China • Xizang, Mangkang County, on the road from Mangkang to Batang, 3000 m, 9 September 1977, B. Z. Guo and W. Y. Wang 23584 (Holotype: HQ, Isotypes: HNWP [HNWP 68194, HNWP 187674, HNWP 183901]). — Fig. 1 D .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Herbs perennial, 30–80 cm long. Roots robust, conical, lignified. Stems erect or ascending, multibranched from woody base, glabrous or sparsely hairy, apically viscid. Basal leaves patulate-oblanceolate, withered at anthesis; cauline leaves with short sterile axillary branches, linear or linear-lanceolate, (1.5 –) 3–5 (– 6) cm long, 2–5 mm wide, base cuneate or attenuate, glabrous, apex acuminate, midvein prominent. Flowers erect, in a lax, few-flowered thyrse; cymules with peduncles subequaling pedicels, opposite or alternate, often 1 - flowered. Pedicel 0.5–4 cm long, slender, glabrous, viscid; bracts linear, 5–10 mm long, ciliate. Calyx tubular, clavate in fruit, pale yellow, 2.5–3.5 cm long, ca. 3 mm in diam., glabrous, veins green or violet; calyx teeth ca. 1.5 mm. Androgynophore 1.5–2.0 cm long, glabrous. Petal claws slightly exserted beyond calyx, narrowly lanceolate, 1–1.5 cm, glabrous, not auriculate, limbs pale red or white, obcordate or obovate, 1–1.4 cm, divided to about halfway; lobes narrowly ovate, entire; coronal scales very small. Stamens and styles exserted; filaments glabrous. Ovary oblong, ca. 1 cm long; styles 3, ca. 1.3 cm long. Capsule oblong, 1.0– 1.5 cm long. Seeds dark brown, reniform, slightly flat, ca. 1.2 mm, with a groove along the ridge, forming a shallow “ V ” shape.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Silene markamensis was observed flowering from June to August and fruiting from August to September.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>This species is endemic to Xizang and Sichuan of China. It grows in grasslands, cliffs, at 1400–3600 m.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The distribution in Yunnan is doubtful, and the specimen (Deqen, C. Y. Wu 4409 (KUN)) cited by “ Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae ” is actually a misidentification of Silene esquamata . Silene markamensis is superficially similar to S. esquamata but distinct mostly by its basal leaves oblanceolate (vs. spatulate-oblanceolate), cauline leaves linear or linear-lanceolate (vs. broadly oblanceolate), calyx tubular, 2.5–3.5 cm (vs. 1.2–1.5 cm) long, androgynophore 1.5–2.0 cm (vs. 0.5 cm) long, limbs white or pale red (vs. pink).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China. Sichuan: • Batang County, Zhubalong village, east bank of Jinshajiang River Valley, hillside thickets, 2450 m, 29 August 1981, Qinghai-Tibet Team 005195 (KUN, CDBI, HITBC) ; • Litang County, on rocky, 2000 m, 9 July 1930, F. T. Wang 21682 (KUN, PE, WUK); • Litang County, on rocky, 1800 m, 18 August 1933, T. T. Yu 2493 (PE, CQNM, IBSC, LBG); • Xiangchen County, sunny and grassy slope, 3100 m, 30 September 1973, Sichuan Vegetation Team 3567 (CDBI, KUN, PE) . Xizang: • Mangkang County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.31389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.577223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.31389/lat 29.577223)">ca. 9 KM on G 318 road from Rumei to Zuogong</a>, roadside, on the valley slope, 29°34'38"N, 98°18'50"E, 3103 m, 13 September 2008, T. Zhang et al. 08 CS 677 (KUN) ; • Mangkang County, Zhubalong village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.960365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.755575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.960365/lat 29.755575)">near Xiquhe Bridge</a>, dry-hot valley scrubs, 29°45'20.07"N, 98°57'37.33"E, 2525–2560 m, 19 August 2010, Kham Expedition 10–2318 (PE) ; • Mangkang County, Zhubalong village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.87404&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.697721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.87404/lat 29.697721)">on the way from Sandaoban to Erdaoban, along National Highway G 318</a>, 29°41'51.8"N, 98°52'26.52"E, 2912 m, 15 August 2023, F. Yang et al. MK 22974 (YUKU) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/875C040929015605B54789B8A0F74A6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yang, Feng;Wang, Huan-Chong	Yang, Feng, Wang, Huan-Chong (2025): Taxonomic clarification of Silene dawoensis (Caryophyllaceae): synonymization with S. batangensis and reinstatement of S. longiuscula. PhytoKeys 257: 51-64, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.257.153202
