identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
754430EE76C35E2BB9B3E780F91728C5.text	754430EE76C35E2BB9B3E780F91728C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lemanea fucina Bory	<div><p>Lemanea fucina Bory</p><p>Fig. 2 A – F</p><p>Homotypic synonyms.</p><p>Lemanea mamillosa var. fucina (Bory) Kützing; Sacheria fucina (Bory) Sirodot.</p><p>Heterotypic synonyms.</p><p>Lemanea mamillosa Kützing; Sacheria mamillosa (Kützing) Sirodot.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>la route de Fougères à Vitré (Bretagne) (Bory de Saint-Vincent 1808).</p><p>Previous records in Italy.</p><p>There are no reports available for Italy.</p><p>Sampling site.</p><p>Monte San Nicola.</p><p>Herbarium specimen.</p><p>Deposited in CAT Herbarium – sectio Algae (HERB 00123).</p><p>Morphology.</p><p>The thalli formed tufts ranging from light to dark green in colour and measured approximately 10–13 cm in length. They were stalked, becoming gradually narrower toward the base, and had many branches, often with secondary ones, while “ false ” branches were rarely observed where the thallus had broken off (Fig. 2 a). Nodes and internodes were easily distinguished (Fig. 2 b). The nodal basal portion was 524–714 μm, the nodal median portion was 643–809 μm, and the nodal apical portion was 619–786 μm. The internodal basal portion was 405–524 μm, the internodal median portion was 476–524 μm, and the internodal apical portion was 430–476 μm. The nodal-internodal ratio varied between 1.4 and 1.6. The central axial cell was not surrounded by a cortex and bore T-shaped ray cells (Fig. 2 e, f). The thalli were monoecious. In the fertile thalli, the spermatangial papillae were distributed in circular patches on nodes, while the carposporophytes were borne on the inner portion of the cortex (Fig. 2 c). The carposporangia, borne in chains, ranged in length between 35 and 40 μm with a diameter varying from 20 to 30 μm (Fig. 2 d). The Chantransia stage was not found.</p><p>Ecology and associated species.</p><p>L. fucina was found exclusively at Monte San Nicola, a site characterised by natural rapids formed by erosive processes. In this location, the species colonised the surfaces of volcanic rocks, specifically within micro-habitats such as concavities shaped by the high-energy, turbulent flow, which provided optimal substrates for thallus attachment. Only a few thalli of L. fucina were observed within a community dominated by P. catenata . In this site, other associated taxa included cyanobacteria (i. e., Nostoc sp.) and some macroalgae (i. e., Cladophora sp., Vaucheria sp.). These species were abundant in areas with lower hydrodynamic stress and during the summer period, when reduced river discharge produced less turbulent flow conditions and the subsequent desiccation of L. fucina .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/754430EE76C35E2BB9B3E780F91728C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pagana, Ilaria;Di Stefano, Mario;Alongi, Giuseppina;Cristaudo, Antonia;Emma, Giuseppe	Pagana, Ilaria, Di Stefano, Mario, Alongi, Giuseppina, Cristaudo, Antonia, Emma, Giuseppe (2026): First record of Lemanea fucina Bory in Italy and Paralemanea catenata (Kützing) Vis & Sheath (Batrachospermaceae, Rhodophyta) in Sicily (Italy). Italian Botanist 22: 51-63, DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.22.196629
CBADCEBDFD0258598E4739C6C8F0ADBA.text	CBADCEBDFD0258598E4739C6C8F0ADBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralemanea catenata (Kutzing) Vis & Sheath	<div><p>Paralemanea catenata (Kützing) Vis &amp; Sheath</p><p>Fig. 3 A – H</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Lemanea catenata Kützing.</p><p>Homotypic synonym.</p><p>Lemanea catenata Kützing.</p><p>Heterotypic synonyms.</p><p>Paralemanea pleocarpa M. L. (Atkinson) Vis &amp; Sheath; Lemanea nodosa Kützing; Lemanea pleocarpa Atkinson.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Rheingegend (i. e. Rhine river area, France or Germany) (Vis and Sheath 1992).</p><p>Previous record in Italy.</p><p>Listi stream (Aspromonte, southern Italy) (Mannino et al. 2003).</p><p>Sampling site.</p><p>Monte San Nicola and Passo Mojo.</p><p>Herbarium specimen.</p><p>Deposited in CAT Herbarium – sectio Algae (HERB 00124).</p><p>Morphology.</p><p>The thalli formed turfs arising from a perennial basal crust, approximately 2–17 cm tall. Upright axes were uniaxial, pseudoparenchymatous, and unstalked, dark green in colour, and slightly curved (Fig. 3 a). The thalli lacked true branches; however, in parts where the axes were broken, young branches developed, which can be described as “ false branches ” (Fig. 3 c). Nodes and internodes were clearly distinguishable (Fig. 3 b). The nodal basal portion varied between 381 and 520 μm, the nodal median portion between 596 and 820 μm, and the nodal apical portion between 320 and 636 μm. The internodal basal portion was 212–380 μm, the internodal median portion was 437–540 μm and the internodal apical portion was 400–485 μm. The nodal to internodal ratio ranged between 1.3 and 1.4. The central axis of the thallus was composed of numerous cortical filaments and radial cells that departed from them, consisting of two layers, the proximal one not touching the outer cortex, and the distal one, Y-shaped, connected to the cortex (Fig. 3 e, f). The thalli were monoecious. In the fertile thalli, the spermatangial sori were arranged in nodal narrow rings, sometimes interrupted (Fig. 3 b), while the carposporophyte was formed on the inner portion of the cortex. The carposporangia were arranged in chains (Fig. 3 d), and each carpospore in the chain ranged between 25 and 30 µm in length and between 20 and 25 µm in diameter. Finally, the sporophyte ( Chantransia stage) was observed in several thalli. It appeared reddish to brownish in colour, with alternating and / or unilateral branching (Fig. 3 g). This stage grew near the base of the gametophytic thallus. In one case, the Chantransia stage was observed producing juvenile gametophytes from the branches of its filaments (Fig. 3 h).</p><p>Ecology and associated species.</p><p>Paralemanea catenata was found in both investigated sites: Monte San Nicola, characterised by natural rapids created by erosion, and Passo Mojo, an artificial water bridle. In Monte San Nicola, the species shared the same habitat with L. fucina, while in Passo Mojo, it colonised vertical surfaces beneath a small waterfall originating at the end of the concrete bridle. In early July, as the river capacity decreases, the drying up of the surface of certain rocks causes the desiccation of the thalli. During this period, field observations indicated that P. catenata persisted as a perennial crust on the rock substrates (Fig. 4 a). The associated cyanobacteria and macroalgae identified at the two sites were Cladophora sp., Vaucheria sp., and Nostoc sp. At both sites, P. catenata formed extensive populations covering several square meters, becoming the physiognomic dominant, especially in areas with greater exposure to water flow. During summer, when the river capacity is lower and the flow is less turbulent, Cladophora sp. and Vaucheria sp. were observed forming mosaic-like assemblages on surfaces colonised by P. catenata, growing between or above the thalli of this dominant species. In some instances, these taxa completely overgrew the basal crusts of P. catenata following the senescence of the gametophytes (Fig. 4 b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CBADCEBDFD0258598E4739C6C8F0ADBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pagana, Ilaria;Di Stefano, Mario;Alongi, Giuseppina;Cristaudo, Antonia;Emma, Giuseppe	Pagana, Ilaria, Di Stefano, Mario, Alongi, Giuseppina, Cristaudo, Antonia, Emma, Giuseppe (2026): First record of Lemanea fucina Bory in Italy and Paralemanea catenata (Kützing) Vis & Sheath (Batrachospermaceae, Rhodophyta) in Sicily (Italy). Italian Botanist 22: 51-63, DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.22.196629
