identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CBFC422E0544569AA7A83F90DBB0DF96.text	CBFC422E0544569AA7A83F90DBB0DF96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oldenlandia bahiana Nunez Florentin 2026	<div><p>2. Oldenlandia bahiana Nuñez Florentin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4 J – Z, 5; Tables 2, 3</p><p>Type</p><p>BRAZIL – Bahia • Abaira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.7875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.281667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.7875/lat -13.281667)">Serra da Tromba, ápice da Serra</a>; 13°16’54”S, 41°47’15”W; 1520 m; 24 Oct. 1999; Conceição A. S. et al. 434; holotype: HUEFS [sheet number 41219]; isotypes: K [K 000265125, K 001136476] .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Oldenlandia bahiana is similar to O. filicaulis in the slender habit, plant height, the narrowly linear leaves, and heterostylous flowers, but it differs from it by the 5 - merous flowers (vs 4 - merous); 0.6–1.5 mm long, triangular calyx lobes (vs 0.1–0.5 mm long, transversely broadly triangular to ovate calyx lobes); whitish to yellowish corolla (vs corolla white to lilac at the apex of corolla lobes); flabelliform corolla lobes (vs triangular to broadly triangular corolla lobes); longer capsule (1–3.3 vs 1–1.7 mm long); seeds with papillate testa (vs reticulate-areolate testa); 3 - aperturate pollen grains, with reticulate exine, psilate in the LS morph, and nanospinulate in SS morph (vs 6 - aperturate pollen grains, with bireticulate exine, infrareticulum nanogranulate, and suprareticulum psilate in LS morph).</p><p>Description</p><p>Slender herb, 13–36 cm high. Stems filiform, erect, glabrous, very branched at the base. Leaves narrowly linear, 4.5–23.1 × 0.1–0.7 mm, subsessile, glabrous on both surfaces. Internodes 7.8–56.5 mm long. Stipules ca 0.2 mm long, triangular, colleter-tipped. Inflorescences terminal, flowers 1–3 in each leaf axil. Flowers 5 - merous, heterostylous, pedicellate, peduncles 1.8–11.5 mm long. Calyx glabrous; hypanthium 1–2 mm long; lobes 5 (– 6), triangular, 0.6–1.5 mm long. Corolla whitish to yellowish in the centre of the corolla tube, infundibuliform, 3.3–5.8 mm long, externally glabrous, lobes 5, flabelliform, 0.5–1.7 mm long. Stamens 5, adnate to the throat of the corolla tube; anthers oblong-linear, ca 0.5–1.2 mm long. Style pubescent, bifid. Long-styled morph (LS): corolla internally with a fringe of moniliform trichomes in the middle of the corolla tube; style included or slight sub-exserted, 3.0– 5.7 mm long, stigmatic branches 0.3–1.0 mm long; stamens included, 1.5–2.8 mm long. Short-styled morph (SS): corolla internally with a fringe of moniliform trichomes from almost the base of the corolla lobes to the base of the corolla tube; style included, 0.9–2.6 mm long, stigmatic branches ca 0.8 mm long; stamens included or slightly sub-exserted, 3.1–5.0 mm long. Capsule loculicidal dehiscent, subglobose, 1.2–2.1 × 1.0– 3.3 mm, glabrous. Seeds trigonous, 0.4–0.5 mm long, apical hilum, dark brown to nigrescent, papillate on surface.</p><p>Palynology</p><p>This new species release the pollen grains in monads, which are isopolar, 3 - zonocolporate, small-sized (P = 19–26.8 µm, E = 20.4–25.4 µm diam. in LS morph, P = 21.6–26.2 µm, E = 21.8 – 27.2 µm in SS morph), mostly oblate-spheroidal (P / E = 0.95–1.1); the outline circular in polar view; ectocolpus long (12.5–19 µm long in LS morph, and 15–19.3 µm in SS morph); endoapertures are laterally fused to form an endocingulum; exine 1.3–2.5 µm thick, semitectate-reticulate, muri 0.4–1.0 mm, lumina 0.7–1.6 mm, psilate in LS morph; and semitectate-reticulate, muri 0.2–0.5 mm, lumina 0.4–0.9 mm, with nanospines &lt;1 µm long, uniformly distributed in SS flowers (Fig. 4 Q – Z). Further details about the pollen morphology are given in Table 2.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Endemic to Bahia State, Brazil (Fig. 1).</p><p>Habitat and ecology</p><p>This new taxon inhabits rupestrian grasslands at elevations ranging from 850 to 3087 m, occurring in sandy-clay soils among rocky outcrops in transitional areas between the Cerrado and Caatinga. Rupestrian grasslands are ancient mountaintop vegetation mosaics characterised predominantly by herbaceous and sub-shrub vegetation associated with rocky quartzite, sandstone or ironstone outcrops, alongside sandy, stony, and waterlogged grasslands. They occur in elevated areas ranging from 900 to over 2000 m a. s. l., principally in the Espinhaço Range in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais. This vegetation type experiences extreme fluctuations in temperature and water availability, leading to a large number of microclimates that support diverse plant communities. These rupestrian fields contain high levels of endemic species and lineages that are currently facing various threats, such as opencast mining, anthropogenic burnings, wood extraction, and invasive species (Alves et al. 2014; Silveira et al. 2016; Zappi et al. 2017).</p><p>Phenology</p><p>It flowers and sets fruits all year long.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The epithet refers to the distribution of the species, which is endemic to the state of Bahia.</p><p>Preliminary IUCN conservation assessment</p><p>Oldenlandia bahiana has an Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of 64,969 km 2 and an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of 212 km 2 (. kml file available on https://figshare.com/s/2d7ad3e816134192132e). The species is endemic to the state of Bahia, Brazil, where it occurs in rupestrian grasslands between 850 and 3087 m a. s. l., on sandy-clayey soils among rocky outcrops, in transition zones between the Cerrado and Caatinga. Most known records correspond to collections made between the years 1979 and 2010, while only 10 records are known from the last decade (2011–2025). This pattern may reflect a reduction in recent sampling effort or a decline in detectability of active populations. Nevertheless, the species has a relatively large EOO and occurs in several localities in northern Bahia, suggesting that it may be underrepresented in herbarium collections rather than truly restricted in its distribution. According to the IUCN criteria, the EOO would place O. bahiana in the Least Concern (LC) category, while the reduced AOO could suggest a higher risk category (EN). However, considering that the species occupies a relatively wide area, that its habitats remain in largely natural condition in several sites, and that there is no clear evidence of population decline, it is proposed to classify it as Near Threatened (NT). This category reflects that, if pressures from agricultural expansion, recurrent fires, and alteration of rupestrian grasslands continue, the species could soon qualify for a higher threat category.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes)</p><p>BRAZIL – Bahia • 20 km S de Xique-Xique, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.716667/lat -11.016666)">camino a Santo Inácio</a>; 11°01’S, 42°43’W; 500 m; 19 Jan. 1997; fr.; Arbo et al. 7477; CTES • Mun. Abaíra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.916668/lat -13.25)">Riacho Taquara</a>; 13°15’S, 41°55’W; 1650–1800 m; 24 Feb. 1992; fb., fl., fr.; Laessoe &amp; Sano H 52307; RB, SPF [SPF 91338] • Mun. Abaíra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.9/lat -13.25)">Campo de Ouro Fino</a> (cima); 13°15’S, 41°54’W; 1700–1800 m; 16 Jan. 1992; fb., fl., fr.; Nic Lughadha &amp; Queiroz 50769; MO [MO -1628731], SPF SPF 91338 [SPF 90550] • Mun. Abaíra, Serra do Atalho, complexo serra da tromba, campo entre serra do atalho e serra da tromba; 18 Apr. 1994; fb., fl., fr.; Melo et al. 999; HUEFS [HUEFS 000015648] • Mun. Abaíra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.033334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.833332/lat -13.033334)">9 Km N de Catolés, caminho de Ribeirão de Baixo a Platã, Serra do Atalho: descida para os gerais entre Serra do Atalho e a Serra da Tromba</a>; 13°02’S, 41°50’W; 1400–1450 m; 10 Jul. 1995; fb., fl., fr.; Queiroz et al. 4391; ALCB • Mun. Abaíra, Catolés, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.91&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.268611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.91/lat -13.268611)">Catolés de Cima, Bem Querer, trilha para o Tijuquinho</a>; 13°16’07”S, 41°54’36”W; 1663 m; 1 Nov. 2016; fb., fl., fr.; Oliveira et al. 662; RB • Mun. Andaraí, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.29111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.942778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.29111/lat -12.942778)">rodovia BA- 142, sentido Mucugé - Andaraí</a>; 12°56’34”S, 41°17’28”W; 856 m; 25 Aug. 2022; fb., fl., fr.; Siqueira Filho &amp; Fagundes 4540; HVASF [HVASF 24518] • Mun. Araci, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.733334/lat -10.65)">Bela Vista, tabuleiro de Areia Branca</a>; 10°39’S, 39°44’W; 25 Mar. 2004; fb., fl., fr.; Moraes 636; HUEFS [UEFS 000011385] • Mun. Campo Formoso, Abreus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.09611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.138611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.09611/lat -10.138611)">estrada para o povoado Cercadinho</a>; 10°08’19”S, 41°05’46”W; 950 m; 30 Mar. 2022; fb., fl., fr.; Siqueira Filho et al. 4409; HVASF [HVASF 24235] • Mun. Gentio do Ouro, Sto. Inácio; 3 Dec. 1980; fb., fl., fr.; Furlan et al. 360; SPF [SPF 22448] • Mun. Gentio do Ouro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.083333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.733334/lat -11.083333)">alrededores de Santo Inacio y hasta 9 Km al N, camino a Xique-Xique, Serra do Acurua</a>; 11°05’S, 42°44’W; 500–550 m; 27 Nov. 1992; fb., fl.; Arbo et al. 5336; SPF [SPF 85200] • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.566667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.383335/lat -12.566667)">Mun. Lençóis</a>; 12°34’S, 41°23’W; 500–600 m; 3 Apr. 1980; fb., fl., fr.; Noblick 1787; HUEFS [HUEFS 000017351] • Mun. Lençóis, Chapadinha; 12°27’72”S, 41°29’38”W; 3087 m; 25 Aug. 2002; fl., fr.; Junqueira &amp; Andrade 110; HUEFS [HUEFS 000017171] • Mun. Lençóis, Serra da Chapadinha, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.439724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.462222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.439724/lat -12.462222)">Chapadinha</a>; 12°27’44”S, 41°26’23”W; 920 m; 24 Feb. 1995; fb., fl., fr.; Melo et al. 1728; ALCB, SI, SPF [SPF 104875] • Mun. Lençóis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.4175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.450277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.4175/lat -12.450277)">Chapadinha. Gerais da Chapadinha, trilha para o córrego de Água Doce</a>; 12°27’01”S, 41°25’03”W; 700 m; 26 Apr. 1995; fb., fl., fr.; Costa et al. 1816; ALCB, K, SI, SPF [SPF 104400] • Mun. Lençois, Mucugezinho-caminho do oásis do Chapadão, antiga Toca da Rede até pedra do Pato; 5 Apr. 1997; fb., fl., fr.; Koch et al. 678; UEC [UEC 045733] • Mun. Lençóis, Chapada Diamantina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.383335/lat -12.55)">próximo ao Mucugezinho</a>; 12°33’S, 41°23’W; 10 Jul. 2004; fb., fl., fr.; Guedes et al. s. n.; ALCB • Mun. Lençóis, Chapada Diamantina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.35/lat -12.3)">estrada entre Tanquinho e Estiva</a>; 12°18’S, 41°21’W; 840 m; 15 Dec. 2005; fb., fl., fr.; Conceição et al. 1621; HUEFS [HUEFS 000011430] • Mun. Morro do Chapeú, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.018055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.671667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.018055/lat -11.671667)">Cidade das Pedras</a>; 11°40’18”S, 41°01’05”W; 9 Dec. 2006; fr.; Guedes et al. 12951; ALCB • Mun. Morro do Chapéu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.266666/lat -11.116667)">Serra da Babilonia</a>; 11°07’S, 41°16’W; 26 Aug. 1981; fb., fl., fr.; Gonçalves 131; RB • Mun. Morro do Chapéu, Morrão; 1200 m; 16 Jul. 1979; fr.; Hatschbach &amp; Guimarães 42401; US [02358595] • Mun. Morro do Chapéu, Duas Irmãs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.288055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.551945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.288055/lat -11.551945)">c. 15 Km de Morro do Chapéu na estrada do feijão (BA 052) sentido Irecê</a>; 11°33’07”S, 41°17’17”W; 1145–1190 m; 30 Jan. 2003; fb., fl., fr.; França et al. 4113; HUEFS [HUEFS 000015513] • Mun. Morro do Chapeú: Fazenda Guariba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.19139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.435833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.19139/lat -11.435833)">nascentes do Rio Salitre</a>; 11°26’09”S, 41°11’29”W; 1066 m; 1 Jul. 2007; fb., fl., fr.; Melo et al. 4916; HUEFS [HUEFS 000015603] • Mun. Morro do Chapéu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.20028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.4383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.20028/lat -11.4383335)">Serra das Guaribas, afloramento de arenito</a>; 11°26’18”S, 41°12’01”W; 1105 m; 17 Jun. 2004; fb., fl., fr.; Souza &amp; Ramos 941; HUEFS [HUEFS 000015693] • Mun. Mucugé, arredores; 950 m; 15 Jun. 1984; fb., fl., fr.; Hatschbach &amp; Kummrow 47909; MBM [MBM 159141] • Mun. Mucugê, 5 Km S.; 22 Jan. 1984; fb., fl., fr.; Hatschbach 47476; CTES • Mun. Mucugê, Serra de São Pedro; 1100–1280 m; 17 Dec. 1984; fl., fr.; Lewis et al. 7064; SPF [SPF 36864] • Mun. Mucugê, Pedra Redonda, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.4075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.4075/lat -12.95)">entre o rio Preto e rio Paraguaçu</a>; 12°57’00”S, 41°24’27”W; 1070 m; 15 Jul. 1996; fb., fl., fr.; Bautista et al. 3624; ALCB, SPF [SPF 123861] • Mun. Mucugê, Chapada Diamantina, trilha para a Cachoeira do Tiburtino; 2 Dec. 2006; fb., fl., fr.; Roque et al. 1507; ALCB • Mun. Mucugê, Chapada Diamantina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.34139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.992223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.34139/lat -12.992223)">Trilha para as Andorinhas</a>; 12°59’32”S, 41°20’29”W; 8 Jul. 2006; fl., fr.; Roque et al. 1396; ALCB • Mun. Mucugê, estrada nova Andarai-Mucugê, a 3-4 Km de Mucugê; 8 Sep. 1981; fb., fl., fr.; Furlan et al. 1599; RB, SPF [SPF 18976] • Mun. Mucugê, estrada Mucugê-Guine, a 5 Km de Mucugê; 7 Sep. 1981; fb., fl., fr.; Furlan et al. 1940; SPF [SPF 18736] • Mun. Mucugê, Campo defronte ao cemiterio; 7 Sep. 1981; fb., fl., fr.; Giulietti et al. 1399; SPF [SPF 18311] • Mun. Mucugê, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.35/lat -12.983334)">about 2 Km, along Andaraí road</a>; 12°59’S, 41°21’W; fb., fl., fr.; Harley et al. 20625; SPF [SPF 20093] • Mun. Mucugê, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.389446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.005834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.389446/lat -13.005834)">3-5 Km N da cidade, em direção a Palmeiras, próximo ao Rio Moreira</a>; 13°00’21”S, 41°23’22”W; 20 Feb. 1994; fb., fl., fr.; Harley et al. 14295; SPF [SPF 94969] • Mun. Mucugê, Parque Municipal de Mucugê, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.62&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.996389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.62/lat -12.996389)">Projeto Sempre Viva, trilha para o Tiburtino</a>; 13°00’81”S, 41°37’12”W; 26 Jan. 2018; fb., fl., fr.; Carvalho et al. 534; ALCB [ALCB 067258] • Mun. Mucugé, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.62&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.996389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.62/lat -12.996389)">Parque Municipal de Mucugé, trilha do Tiburtino</a>; 12°59’47”S, 41°20’29”W; 933 m; 9 Jun. 2004; fb., fl., fr., Souza et al. 876; HUEFS • Mun. Mucugé, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.62&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.996389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.62/lat -12.996389)">Parque Municipal de Mucugé, trilha do Tiburtino</a>; 13°00’81”S, 41°37’12”W; 24 Jan. 2018; fl., fr.; Carvalho et al. 642; ALCB [ALCB 066424] • Mun. Mucugé, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.342777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.997778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.342777/lat -12.997778)">Parque Municipal de Mucugé, trilha para o Rio Cumbuca</a>; 12°59’52”S, 41°20’34”W; 937 m; 10 Jun. 2004; fb., fl., fr.; Souza 890; HUEFS [HUEFS 000015108] • Mun. Mucugé, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.348053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.130556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.348053/lat -13.130556)">subida para Serra da Tesoura</a>; 13°07’50”S, 41°20’53”W; 1264 m; 5 Aug. 2004; fb., fl., fr.; Borba et al. 1901; HUEFS [HUEFS 000016676] • Mun. Mucugé, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.38528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.997223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.38528/lat -12.997223)">estrada na saia para Palmeiras</a>; 12°59’50”S, 41°23’07”W; 26 Oct. 2014; fb., fl., fr.; Carmo et al. 252; UEC [UEC 181442] • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.466667/lat -12.45)">Mun. Palmeiras</a>; 12°27’S, 41°28’W; 9 Sep. 2005; fb., fl., fr.; Souza et al. 1423; MO [MO -2218197], SPF [SPF 176938] • Mun. Palmeiras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.419167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.464444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.419167/lat -12.464444)">afloramiento rochoso, lado oposto ao Mucugezinho</a>; 12°27’52”S, 41°25’09”W; 759 m; 28 Dec. 2006; fr.; Neves 157; HUEFS • Mun. Palmeiras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.470833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.455555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.470833/lat -12.455555)">Pai Inácio</a>; 12°27’20”S, 41°28’15”W; 1100 m; 27 Dec. 1994; fl.; Guedes et al. 1405; HUEFS • Mun. Palmeiras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.466667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.466667/lat -12.45)">Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina, Morro Mãe Inácia</a>; 12°27’S, 41°28’W; 1100 m; 15 Apr. 2005; fl., fr.; Cardoso et al. 397; HUEFS • Mun. Palmeiras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.566667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.383335/lat -12.566667)">Barraca do Peié</a>; 12°34’S, 41°23’W; 22 Aug. 2009; fb., fl., fr.; Brito &amp; Marques 130; HUEFS [HUEFS 000012738] • Mun. Piatã, Chapada Diamantina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.883335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.066667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.883335/lat -13.066667)">Estrada para Inúbia, Campo cerrado</a>; 13°04’S, 41°53’W; 1 Aug. 2012; fb., fl., fr.; Scatinga et al. 104; UEC [UEC 058948] • Mun. Piatã, Chapada Diamantina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.89417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.08" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.89417/lat -13.08)">caminho para os Três morros, Ponto 04</a>; 13°04’48”S, 41°53’39”W; 1391 m; 2 May 2009; fb., fl., fr.; Guedes et al. 14811; ALCB • Mun. Piatã, Chapada Diamantina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.904446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.0775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.904446/lat -13.0775)">caminho para Inúbia</a>; 13°04’39”S, 41°54’16”W; 1367 m; 14 Jun. 2014; fb., fl., fr.; Guedes et al. 21819; ALCB • Mun. Piatá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.768333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.123055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.768333/lat -13.123055)">Beira do rio de Contas</a>; 13°07’23”S, 41°46’06”W; 1206 m; 18 Apr. 2014; fb., fl., fr.; Melo et al. 12624; HUEFS [HUEFS 000079584] • Mun. Piatã, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.933056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.08" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.933056/lat -13.08)">Estrada Piatã-Inúbia a ca. 25 Km NW de Piatã, Serra do Atalho</a>; 13°04’48”S, 41°55’59”W; 1450 m; 23 Feb. 1994; fb., fl., fr.; Sano et al. 14427; MO [MO -1628732], SPF [SPF 95369] • Mun. Rio de Contas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.9425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.517222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.9425/lat -13.517222)">Pico das Almas, Chapada Diamantina</a>; 13°31’02”S, 41°56’33”W; 1495 m; 18 Jan. 2003; fb., fl., fr.; Andrade et al. 189; HUEFS • Mun. Rio de Contas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.583333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.8/lat -13.583333)">Cachoeira da Fraga do rio Brumado, arredores da cidade</a>; 13°35’S, 41°48’W; 900–1000 m; 24 Nov. 1988; fb., fl., fr.; Harley et al. 26988; SPF [SPF 79305], US [02358592] • Mun. Rio de Contas, Estrada para a Cachoeira do Fraga, no Rio Brumado, a 3 Km do Municipio de Rio de Contas; 22 Jul. 1981; fb., fl., fr.; Furlan et al. 1712; SPF [SPF 18584] • Mun. Rio de Contas, Pico das Almas; 14 Dec. 1984; fb., fl.; Stannard et al. 6937; SPF [SPF 36737] • Mun. Rio de Contas, trilha para Campo do Queiroz, Pico das Almas; 24 Mar. 2000; fb., fl., fr.; Moraes &amp; Aona 477; UEC [UEC 112554] • Mun. Rio de Contas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.533334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.766666/lat -13.533334)">4 Km ao N de Rio de Contas</a>; 13°32’S, 41°46’W; 1000 m; 21 Jul. 1979; fb., fl., fr.; Mori et al. 12401; US [02358594] • Mun. Rio de Contas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.94528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.515833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.94528/lat -13.515833)">Serra das Almas, trilha para o Pico das Almas, entrada pelo povoado de Brumadinho</a>; 13°30’57”S, 41°56’43”W; 17 Jan. 2016; fb., fl., fr.; Carmo et al. 410; UEC [UEC 181443] • Mun. Rio de Contas, Salto do Fragra; 1100 m; 6 Apr. 1992; fb., fl., fr.; Hatschbach &amp; Barbosa 56677; MBM [MBM 154875] • Mun. Rio de Contas, Pico das Almas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.948334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.514444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.948334/lat -13.514444)">Trilha para o campo do Queiroz</a>; 13°30’52”S, 41°56’54”W; 1493 m; 23 Feb. 2004; fb., fl., fr.; Harley et al. 54934; HUEFS [HUEFS 000015378] • Mun. Umburanas, Delfino, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.195557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.363611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.195557/lat -10.363611)">estrada para Campo Formoso</a>; 10°21’49”S, 41°11’44”W; 925 m; 28 Jun. 2004; fb., fl., fr.; Machado 241; HUEFS • Mun. Xique-Xique, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.716667/lat -11.1)">Próximo a Xique-Xique</a>; 11°06’S, 42°43’W; 500 m; 24 Jun. 1996; fr.; Guedes et al. 3020; SPF [SPF 115916], US [02358593] .</p><p>Notes</p><p>The specimens of this species were originally identified as O. filicaulis because both species look superficially similar, especially in terms of habit and leaf dimensions and shape. However, the two taxa clearly differ in floral microcharacters, capsule dimensions, exotesta patterns, and pollen characters related to apertures and sexine patterns (Tables 2, 3). The specimen Queiroz 4391 (HUEFS 000016721) was cited by Zappi et al. (2003) as Oldenlandia aff. filicaulis in the checklist of the vascular plants of Catolés, Chapada Diamantina. We have analysed and confirmed its identity as Oldenlandia bahiana . The specimen Laessoe &amp; Sano H 52307 (RB, SPF 91338) was originally recorded as Oldenlandia campestris Zappi &amp; Bridson nom. nud., a name not effectively published.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CBFC422E0544569AA7A83F90DBB0DF96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nuñez-Florentin, Mariela;Florentín, Javier Elias;Cardoso, Domingos	Nuñez-Florentin, Mariela, Florentín, Javier Elias, Cardoso, Domingos (2026): Uncovering hidden diversity: Oldenlandia bahiana, a neglected new species endemic to Brazil (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae), revealed by integrative approach. Plant Ecology and Evolution 159 (2): 228-243, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.178429
EE031AF4C40D5942AA9FAC382BCFD855.text	EE031AF4C40D5942AA9FAC382BCFD855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oldenlandia filicaulis K. Schum. 1889	<div><p>1. Oldenlandia filicaulis K. Schum. (Schumann 1889: 271)</p><p>Figs 3, 4 A – I; Tables 2, 3</p><p>Type</p><p>BRAZIL – Bahia • “ Facenda de Utinga, in Certão del Rio de S. Francisco ”; 1839; Blanchet 2742; lectotype (designated here): NY [00132352]; isolectotypes: BR [BR 0000005315550], F [F 0069814 F, F 0069815 F], K [K 000015760, K 000015761, K 000470185], MO [MO-716950], U [U 0098800] .</p><p>Syntypes</p><p>BRAZIL • “ in arenosis humidis ad praedium Serra Branca ”; C. F. P. von Martius 2476; M [M 0198389, M 0198390] • “ ad Villa de Barra ”; Blanchet 2703; F [F 0 BN 000014] .</p><p>Description</p><p>Slender herb, 6–25 cm high. Stems filiform, erect, glabrous, sometimes with 2–4 elliptic leaves crowded at the base of the stem, 2–6.8 × 0.7–1.8 mm. Cauline leaves narrowly linear, 4.5–15.5 × 0.2–0.7 mm, subsessile, glabrous on both surfaces. Internodes 8–30 mm long. Stipules ca 0.2 mm long., triangular, colleter-tipped. Inflorescences terminal, flowers 1–3 in each leaf axil. Flowers 4 - merous, heterostylous, pedicellate, peduncles 4–20 mm long. Calyx glabrous; hypanthium 0.5–1.2 mm long; lobes 4, transversely broadly triangular to ovate, acute, 0.1–0.5 mm long. Corolla white to lilac at the apex of corolla lobes, infundibuliform, 2.4–4.0 mm long, externally glabrescent, lobes 4, triangular to broadly triangular, 1.5–2.2 mm long. Stamens 4, adnate to throat of corolla tube; anthers oblong-linear, ca 0.5–0.6 mm long. Style glabrous, bifid. Long-styled morph (LS): corolla internally with simple trichomes from the apex of the corolla lobes to the upper third of the corolla tube; style exserted, 2.7–3.0 mm long, stigmatic branches 0.2–1.0 mm long; stamens included, 0.9–1.4 mm long. Short-styled morph (SS): corolla internally with simple trichomes from the middle of the corolla lobes to the middle of the corolla tube; style included, 1–1.55 mm long, stigmatic branches ca 0.8 mm long; stamens exserted, 3.5–4.0 mm long. Capsule loculicidal dehiscent, subglobose, 0.7–1.3 × 1.0– 1.7 mm, glabrous. Seeds trigonous with concave lateral faces, 0.2–0.3 mm long, apical hilum, dark brown to nigrescent, reticulate-areolate on surface, polygonal areoles with straight walls.</p><p>Palynology</p><p>This species presents pollen grains released in monads, which are isopolar, 6 (– 7) - zonocolporate, small-sized (P = 26.4–30.5 µm, E = 26.5–30.6 µm diam. in LS morph, and P = 25.7–31.9 µm, E = 25.9–30.6 µm diam. in SS morph), mostly prolate-spheroidal (P / E = 0.9–1); the outline circular in polar view; ectocolpus long (18.2–23.2 µm long in LS morph, 17–22.5 µm long in SS morph); endoapertures are laterally fused to form an endocingulum; exine 1.8–2.7 µm thick, semitectate-bireticulate, muri 0.3–0.4 µm, lumina 0.3–0.6 µm, infrareticulum nanogranulate, and suprareticulum psilate at least in LS morph; the exine features in SS flowers are not confirmed (Fig. 4 F – I). Further details about the pollen morphology are given in Table 2.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Occurring in the states of Bahia, Ceará, Piauí, and Rio Grande do Norte in the Brazilian Northeast (Fig. 1).</p><p>Habitat and ecology</p><p>Oldenlandia filicaulis inhabits open, humid, and sandy sites of the Brazilian Caatinga, occurring between 175 and 840 m elevation. The Caatinga is a seasonally dry tropical vegetation mosaic composed mainly of deciduous thorny shrubs, herbs, and small trees, interspersed with areas of temporary wetlands and sandy depressions. These habitats experience pronounced seasonal variation in temperature and water availability, with long dry periods followed by short but intense rainy seasons. The sandy and periodically moist microhabitats where O. filicaulis grows likely provide suitable conditions for its establishment and persistence within an otherwise xeric matrix. Despite the environmental harshness of the Caatinga, these microhabitats support a distinctive flora adapted to hydric stress and seasonal fluctuations, many of which are narrow endemics currently threatened by overgrazing, deforestation, and land-use change (Leal et al. 2005; Silva et al. 2017).</p><p>Phenology</p><p>Flowering and fruiting from January to August.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The epithet refers to the filiform and slender stems.</p><p>Preliminary IUCN conservation assessment</p><p>Oldenlandia filicaulis has an Extent of Occurrence (EOO) of 417,271 km 2 and an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of 64 km 2 (kml file available on https://figshare.com/s/540a790fd79bce7f2bcf). So far, the species is known only from the states of Bahia, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, and Piauí, in north-eastern Brazil, where it inhabits open, humid, and sandy sites within the Caatinga phytogeographic domain, at elevations below 840 m. Based on the first parameter (EOO), the species would qualify as Least Concern (LC), while the smaller AOO places it in a higher risk category of Endangered (EN). However, the large EOO suggests that O. filicaulis has a relatively broad and discontinuous distribution within the Caatinga, without evidence of severe fragmentation or a marked reduction in its range. Moreover, it has been collected in several localities in recent years, indicating that populations remain extant across different regions. Consequently, the category Least Concern (LC) better reflects the current situation of the species. The Caatinga seasonally dry forests face multiple environmental threats, including deforestation, overgrazing, agricultural expansion (mainly for extensive cattle ranching and maize and cotton crops), firewood extraction, and progressive desertification (Silva et al. 2017; Fernandes et al. 2020). These activities have caused the loss of more than 40 % of the original vegetation cover and severe soil degradation (MapBiomas Brasil 2024). Nevertheless, O. filicaulis occurs in open, humid, sandy environments that are often less directly affected by the most intensive forms of land conversion associated with mechanized agriculture. This may confer some tolerance or persistence capacity under moderate habitat disturbance. Although general threats to the Caatinga (such as deforestation, loss of native vegetation cover, and climate change) should continue to be monitored, there is currently no evidence of a significant decline in the distribution or abundance of this species. Therefore, considering its wide geographic distribution, recent collections in different areas, and apparent population stability, O. filicaulis is preliminarily assessed as of Least Concern (LC).</p><p>Additional specimens examined</p><p>BRAZIL – Bahia • Pilão Arcado: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.52&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.995278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.52/lat -9.995278)">Carnaúba. Ca. 15 Km Oeste de Pilão Arcado</a>; 9°59’43”S, 42°31’12”W; 18 Mar. 2006; fb., fl., fr.; Miranda et al. 976; HUEFS • Bom Jesus da Lapa: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.13528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.386666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.13528/lat -13.386666)">Km 9 da estrada Jua / Chapada Grande, Km 33 a esquerda da BR - 430 Bom Jesus da Lapa / Riacho de Santana</a>; 13°23’12”S, 43°08’07”W; 527 m; 15 Mar. 2002; fb., fl., fr.; Ribeiro et al. 262; HUEFS [HUEFS 000016811] • Remanso: Camino de Pau Ferro para Faz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.616667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.316666/lat -9.616667)">Jibóia</a>; 9°37’S, 42°19’W; 27 Feb. 2000; fb., fl., fr.; Passos et al. 378; SPF [SPF 154935] • Remanso; Dec. 1996; fb., fl., fr.; Ule 7419; K [K 000015763] ; Serra do Açurúa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.766666/lat -11.016666)">Lagoa Itaparica 10 Km W of the São Inácio Xique-Xique road at the turning 13.1 Km N of São Inácio</a>; 11°01’S, 42°46’W; 300–400 m; 26 Feb. 1977; fb., fl., fr.; Harley et al. 19118; K [K 000015793] • Remanso: Comunidade dos Negros, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.296944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.435278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.296944/lat -9.435278)">Fazenda do Campo Verde</a>; 9°26’07”S, 42°17’49”W; 465 m; 4 Jul. 2000; fb., fl., fr.; Silva et al. 443; K [K 001136477] • Bom Jesus da Lapa: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.141113&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.164444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.141113/lat -13.164444)">Estrada de terra para Juá</a>; 13°09’52”S, 43°08’28”W; 12 Jan. 2008; fb., fl., fr.; Rapini et al. 1483; HUEFS [HUEFS 000016946] • Rio de Contas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.77889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.795" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.77889/lat -13.795)">Caminho para Lagoa Nova</a>; 13°47’42”S, 41°46’44”W; 490 m; 5 Feb. 1997; fb., fl., fr.; Guedes et al. 5138; K [K 000012310] • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.52611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.52611/lat -14.266666)">Brejinho das Ametistas</a>; 14°16’00”S, 42°31’34”W; 840 m; 10 Jan. 2006; fb., fl., fr.; Santos et al. 565; HUEFS [HUEFS 000017261] • Mun. Casa Nova, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.21472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.270278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.21472/lat -9.270278)">Beira da estrada</a>; 9°16’13”S, 41°12’53”W; 25 May 2009; fb., fl., fr.; Oliveira et al. 4117; HVASF [HVASF 21376] • Estrada Petrolina-Remanso, a 78 Km de Petrolina; 25 Apr. 1971; fb., fl.; Heringer et al. 352; K [K 000015764] • Basin of the Upper São Francisco River. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.216667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.216667/lat -13.166667)">Just beyond Calderão, ca. 32 Km NE from Bom Jesus da Lapa</a>; 13°10’S, 43°13’W; 500 m; 18 Apr. 1980; fb., fl., fr.; Harley et al. 21508; ALCB . – Ceará • Mun. Sobral, EMBRAPA, Fazenda Crioula; 27 Apr. 2001; fb., fl., fr.; Souza 595; NY [02684506] . – Piauí • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.12583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.9983335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.12583/lat -4.9983335)">Campo Maior</a>; 04°59’54”S, 42°07’33”W; 175 m; 3 Apr. 2004; fb., fl., fr.; Barros 10; HUEFS [HUEFS 000015333] . – Rio Grande do Norte • Francisco Dantas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-38.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.0666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -38.15/lat -6.0666666)">Fazenda Sacramento</a>; 6°04’S, 38°09’W; 6 Jul. 1984; fb., fl., fr.; Santino de Assis 403; RB [RB 00349498] • Itajá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.811665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.682222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.811665/lat -5.682222)">BR 304 Sentido Assu / Itajá. Entrada no Km 125 para a RN 118 sentido Itajá / São Rafael. Entrada aproximadamente 2, 70 Km a esquerda em uma propiedade de uma Britadeira</a>; 5°40’56”S, 36°48’42”W; 105 m; 8 Aug. 2011; fb., fr.; Roque et al. 1198; HUEFS [HUEFS 000015468] .</p><p>Notes</p><p>The specimen Blanchet 2742 (NY 00132352) is here selected as lectotype because it is well-preserved, complete, with flowers and several mature fruits, and has a label with the handwritten annotation “ Fazenda de Utinga, in Certao del Rio de S. Francisco, Brasil prop. Legit. Blanchet N ° 2742. 1839 ”. It also has a handwritten annotation “ corolla 1.5-1.8 mm long ”. In the Northeast region of Brazil, this species is often confused with O. tenuis, due to the slender-stemmed habit. Steyermark (1988) carried out a detailed analysis of both taxa, and mainly differentiated O. filicaulis (description based on the examined isosyntypes) from O. tenuis by the opposite stem branching with numerous axes (vs stem branching alternate, irregular, with relatively few axes), leaves 0.1–0.3 mm wide (vs leaves 0.5–1.0 mm wide), and the heterostylous flowers with infundibuliform corollas (vs homostylous flowers with broadly cylindrical corolla).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE031AF4C40D5942AA9FAC382BCFD855	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nuñez-Florentin, Mariela;Florentín, Javier Elias;Cardoso, Domingos	Nuñez-Florentin, Mariela, Florentín, Javier Elias, Cardoso, Domingos (2026): Uncovering hidden diversity: Oldenlandia bahiana, a neglected new species endemic to Brazil (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae), revealed by integrative approach. Plant Ecology and Evolution 159 (2): 228-243, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.178429
