identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A55387AAFF8AB26E6F47FD7F237FFB14.text	A55387AAFF8AB26E6F47FD7F237FFB14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bindiferia Borchhardt, Chomerat, Sh. Murray & Hoppenrath 2021	<div><p>Bindiferia Borchhardt, Chomérat, Sh. Murray &amp; Hoppenrath gen. nov.</p><p>DESCRIPTION: Athecate, dorsoventrally flattened cells with smaller asymmetric epicone in comparison to the hypocone. Cingulum descending. Sulcus reaching the antapex and extending onto the epicone. Red stigma anterior in the epicone, close to the apex. It is likely that an apical structure complex forming an anticlockwise loop around the apex is also a generic feature but this could not be confirmed for the type yet.</p><p>ETYMOLOGY: ‘Bindi’ is a traditional decoration in India; a red drop, which is applied in the centre of the forehead and symbolizes an eye; ‘feria’ from Latin verb fero, ferre, to carry, to wear. The genus is feminine in gender.</p><p>REGISTRATION: http://phycobank.org/102836.</p><p>TYPE SPECIES: Bindiferia fragilissima Borchhardt, Chomérat &amp; Hoppenrath .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A55387AAFF8AB26E6F47FD7F237FFB14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Borchhardt, Nadine;Chomérat, Nicolas;Bilien, Gwenael;Zentz, Frédéric;Rhodes, Lesley;Murray, Shauna A.;Hoppenrath, Mona	Borchhardt, Nadine, Chomérat, Nicolas, Bilien, Gwenael, Zentz, Frédéric, Rhodes, Lesley, Murray, Shauna A., Hoppenrath, Mona (2021): Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Bindiferia gen. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new marine, sand-dwelling dinoflagellate genus formerly classified within Amphidinium. Phycologia 60 (6): 631-643, DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2021.1978040, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2021.1978040
A55387AAFF8AB26E6F87FA9F2419FB25.text	A55387AAFF8AB26E6F87FA9F2419FB25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bindiferia fragilissima Borchhardt, Chomerat & Hoppenrath 2021	<div><p>Bindiferia fragilissima Borchhardt, Chomérat &amp; Hoppenrath sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–14, 33–35</p><p>DESCRIPTION: Athecate, dorsoventrally flattened, oval to oblong cells, 30– 65 μm (50.9 μm ± 2.6, n = 44) long, 25–50 μm (41.4 μm ± 1.6, n = 44) wide and approximately 30 µm deep. The smaller asymmetric epicone was 0.2 of the total cell length and slightly narrower than the total cell width (Figs 1–6). The cingulum descends about two cingular widths (Figs 1, 3–5). The longitudinal flagellum is about 1.5–2× the cell length (Fig. 5). The narrow sulcus reaches the antapex after curving slightly to the right and it extends onto the epicone in a straight line (Figs 1, 3, 4, 6). The apical structure complex could not be observed. Oval to round nucleus located in the lower (sometimes left) hypocone half (Fig. 2). Golden-brown elongated chloroplasts scattered throughout the cell (Figs 1–3, S1). The visible elongated rods may be part of a (single?) chloroplast mesh (Fig. S1). A small (3.3–4.3 μm long, n = 10; 2.0–3.8 μm wide, n = 30), oval or rod-shaped, red stigma is located in the anterior-ventral part of the epicone, near the apex (Figs 2, 3, 5, 6, 8–12). After cells burst it looked like a separate structure not connected to any chloroplast. One or rarely two or several small, orange putative food bodies can be present, often visible above the nucleus. Many extrusomes can be visible along the cell periphery (Figs 2, 14a, upper image). Free-swimming cells can become stationary and rapidly change into a non-motile stage that is covered by a hyaline layer (under a coverslip). Motile cells are of the described morphology, see above (Figs 1–5, 14a). ‘Stationary motile’ cells are able to swim but do not swim. These cells were wider and usually had two or three longitudinal grooves on the dorsal side of the hypocone (Figs 6–9, 14b). Non-motile cells are sheathed by an irregular hyaline layer, are roundish and usually have three longitudinal grooves on the dorsal side of the hypocone (Figs 10, 14c). On average they are larger, 45–63 μm long (55.5 μm ± 4.8, n = 20) and 45–55 μm wide (50.4 μm ± 3.8, n = 20). Vegetative cell division takes place during the non-motile stage (Figs 11, 12, 14d, 14e). In the hyaline sheath (temporary division cyst) also double divisions can happen, resulting in up to four cells per cyst. During ‘normal’ (= not multiple) division daughter cells are in the cyst most of the time and have one or two longitudinal grooves on the hypocone (Figs 12, 14d). The cell division starts at the antapex and the last parts to separate are the epicones (Figs 12, 13, 14e, 14f). The final daughter cell separation takes place outside the cyst (Figs 13, 14f). The still connected cells are already able to swim. After division smaller cells start growing (Fig. 14g). The cyst wall can have a double layer appearance (Fig. 11) and can persist for some time (shown on the Petri dish bottom under culture conditions, Fig. S2). The life cycle still needs further investigation.</p><p>HOLOTYPE: cultured cells preserved in ethanol (Art. 44.2 of the ICN; Turland et al. 2018) deposited at the dinoflagellate type collection in the Centre of Excellence for Dinophyte Taxonomy (CEDiT, Wilhelmshaven, Germany), which is part of the Herbarium Senckenbergianum Frankfurt/ M. (FR) with the designation CEDiT2021H135.</p><p>REPRESENTATIVE FIGURES: Figs 1, 2 (same cell).</p><p>TYPE LOCALITY: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-4.0842333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.864117" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -4.0842333/lat 47.864117)">Le Letty</a>, ‘Mer Blanche’ close to Bénodet, France (47° 51.847 ʹ N, 4°5.054 ʹ W)</p><p>ETYMOLOGY: Latin adjective fragillissimus, -a, -um, the most fragile, very fragile; because of the difficulty to work with vegetative cells‚ exploding all the time.</p><p>REGISTRATION: http://phycobank.org/102837.</p><p>MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION: MZ233647 (SSU rRNA gene region), MZ233677 (LSU rRNA gene region).</p><p>AUTHENTIC STRAIN: Culture deposited at the Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), strain designation CCAP 1100/1.</p><p>HABITAT: marine sandy sediments.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A55387AAFF8AB26E6F87FA9F2419FB25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Borchhardt, Nadine;Chomérat, Nicolas;Bilien, Gwenael;Zentz, Frédéric;Rhodes, Lesley;Murray, Shauna A.;Hoppenrath, Mona	Borchhardt, Nadine, Chomérat, Nicolas, Bilien, Gwenael, Zentz, Frédéric, Rhodes, Lesley, Murray, Shauna A., Hoppenrath, Mona (2021): Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Bindiferia gen. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new marine, sand-dwelling dinoflagellate genus formerly classified within Amphidinium. Phycologia 60 (6): 631-643, DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2021.1978040, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2021.1978040
A55387AAFF8AB26C6C72FA8C252EF8E4.text	A55387AAFF8AB26C6C72FA8C252EF8E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bindiferia boggaya (Sh. Murray & D. J. Patterson 2002) Sh. Murray & Hoppenrath 2021	<div><p>Bindiferia boggaya (Sh. Murray &amp; D.J. Patterson) Sh. Murray &amp; Hoppenrath comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 15–28</p><p>BASIONYM: Amphidinium boggayum Sh. Murray &amp; D.J. Patterson in Murray &amp; Patterson 2002, European Journal of Phycology 37: 280, figs 2–7.</p><p>REGISTRATION: http://phycobank.org/102841.</p><p>EMENDED DESCRIPTION: Athecate dorsoventrally flattened, oval to oblong cells (Figs 15–17, 19, 20), 39–58 µm long, 25–45 µm wide and approximately 22 µm deep. Smaller epicone asymmetrical, apex slightly to the left cell side (Figs 15–17, 19). It was originally described that the proximal cingulum end originates 0.5–0.6 of the cell length from the apex, rising vertically to 0.2–0.3 of the cell length from the apex, then turning left and continuing at a slightly upward angle on the ventral side (Figs 15, 17, 19). In the present study (after further observations) it is concluded that the cingulum descends about four cingular widths. The furrow becomes narrow where the ends meet (Figs 15, 19). The longitudinal flagellum arises below the proximal cingulum end. The narrow sulcus curves to the right towards the posterior (Figs 17, 19), reaches and sometimes slightly indents the antapex (Fig. 16), and extends onto the epicone (Figs 15, 17). The apical structure complex is connected to the sulcal extension and forms an anticlockwise loop around the apex (Figs 17, 18). Oval nucleus located in the epicone (Figs 16, 20, 24). Numerous golden-brown chloroplasts scattered throughout the cell (Figs 19–25). A small red stigma in the anterior-ventral part of the epicone, near the apex (Figs 19, 23). Small, reddish, putative food bodies can be present (Figs 19, 22, 24, 25). Many extrusomes can be visible along the cell periphery (Fig. 24). Free-swimming cells can become stationary and rapidly change into a non-motile stage that is covered by a hyaline layer (Figs 23–25). Non-motile cells are more rounded in shape than swimming cells (Figs 23–26, 29). Vegetative cell division takes place during the non-motile stage (Figs 21, 22, 27, 30). Two or four daughter cells per cyst can develop (Figs 27, 28, 30, 31). Surface grooves were not observed.</p><p>MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION: MW720768 (SSU rRNA gene region), MW722979, MW720712 (LSU rRNA gene region).</p><p>STRAIN: Cawthron Institute Culture Collection of Microalgae (CICCM), accession CAWD164.</p><p>HABITAT: marine sandy sediments.</p><p>DISTRIBUTION: Sydney (Quibray Bay, Port Botany), Durras Lake, Broome (Town Beach), Australia (Murray &amp; Patterson 2002; Murray &amp; Hoppenrath, unpublished observations); Rangaunu Harbour, New Zealand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A55387AAFF8AB26C6C72FA8C252EF8E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Borchhardt, Nadine;Chomérat, Nicolas;Bilien, Gwenael;Zentz, Frédéric;Rhodes, Lesley;Murray, Shauna A.;Hoppenrath, Mona	Borchhardt, Nadine, Chomérat, Nicolas, Bilien, Gwenael, Zentz, Frédéric, Rhodes, Lesley, Murray, Shauna A., Hoppenrath, Mona (2021): Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Bindiferia gen. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new marine, sand-dwelling dinoflagellate genus formerly classified within Amphidinium. Phycologia 60 (6): 631-643, DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2021.1978040, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2021.1978040
