identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E971FFF7B47C510FBB38B4095DF9ABA9.text	E971FFF7B47C510FBB38B4095DF9ABA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Himalaea (Macrohimalaea) Chen, Prozorov & Saldaitis 2025	<div><p>Macrohimalaea Chen, Prozorov &amp; Saldaitis subgen. nov.</p><p>Figs 2–4, 6, 7–8</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Himalaea (Macrohimalaea) silvana sp. nov., here designated.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new subgenus differs from the nominotypical one in having shorter rami, and 1.3–1.5 times longer forewings with tapered apices (compare Fig. 1 with Figs 2–4). The male genitalia have an even-surfaced anellus, a dorsad elongated juxta, a sclerotized costa reaching the apex of the cucullus, a less-sclerotized ampulla lacking a harpe, an unpronounced carina, larger dorsal diverticulum bearing cornuti, and flat anterior elasma (compare Fig. 5 with Figs 6 – 8).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adult male (Figs 2–4). Antenna bipectinate, rami gradually elongating towards mid third of antenna and then gradually shortening in distal third. Head, thorax, and abdomen dorsally brown-mottled, abdomen dark brown to blackish brown. Forewing 23.3 mm long; somewhat triangular, elongate and relatively narrow with obtuse tornal angle, slightly crenulate outer margin, prominence at M 3, and tapered apex. Pattern consists of basal, medial, subterminal and terminal fields, with subterminal field being the lightest; dark basal streak within claviform spot bordered with dark wavy antemedial line; orbicular spot a little smaller than reniform spot, both with dark contour; dark, crenulate postmedial line; blurred, dark streak from posterior margin of reniform spot towards apex of wing; blurred, dark, zigzag subterminal line; more or less pronounced dark tornal streak; and dark terminal line split interrupted at veins. Cilia brown-mottled. Hindwing somewhat triangular with rounded apex and slightly crenulated outer margin; light-colored, getting darker at distal margin of discal cell. Cilia brown-mottled. Male genitalia (Figs 6 – 8). Uncus somewhat digitiform, basally bent at around 90 °, apically narrowed to pointed apex. Tegumen a band narrowing towards connection with vinculum. Vinculum somewhat longer than tegumen, ventrally forming U-shaped saccus. Valva elongate, about the size of tegumen-vinculum complex, with well-pronounced sclerotized costa and sacculus, membrane between them, and membranous valvula, all sparsely covered with setae; distal third of costa less sclerotized, medially connected with relatively short (in comparison to Himalaea) editum bearing ampulla; sacculus narrowing towards barely protruded rounded distal apex; both valvae joint with tendon. Juxta an elongated plate narrowing distally. Anellus small with smooth surface. Phallus as long as valva, slightly bent medially, with elongate coecum and wide entrance of ductus ejaculatorius; vesica somewhat conical, downcurved, with dorsal spherical diverticulum bearing three or four cornuti; at base of vesica ejaculatorius, anterior elasma flat, posterior elasma may be raised or flat. Adult female unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name Macrohimalaea is a derivative from Himalaea, the type subgenus of the genus, and prefix macro - for big or large to indicate that the specimens of Macrohimalaea are larger than the ones of Himalaea .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E971FFF7B47C510FBB38B4095DF9ABA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Enyong;Prozorov, Alexey M.;Saldaitis, Aidas;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Müller, Günter C.;Zhou, Yonghong	Chen, Enyong, Prozorov, Alexey M., Saldaitis, Aidas, Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Zhou, Yonghong (2025): Description of a new subgenus for Himalaea batanga and its new sister species from Xizang Autonomous Region, China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Amphipyrinae, Psaphidini). ZooKeys 1244: 293-303, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.154162
2C62882A6B645190ADBAB24E669AC2CE.text	2C62882A6B645190ADBAB24E669AC2CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Himalaea (Macrohimalaea) silvana Chen, Prozorov & Saldaitis 2025	<div><p>Himalaea (Macrohimalaea) silvana Chen, Prozorov &amp; Saldaitis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 7, 8</p><p>Type.</p><p>Holotype: • 1 male, “ TU-01084 / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.52555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.872803" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.52555/lat 29.872803)">At the junction of Bahe Town (Gongbu Jiangda County) and Baiba Town (Bayi District</a>) / Baiba Town / Bayi District, Linzhi City, / Xizang / N29°52’22.09” / E92°31’31.96” / 23.8.2004 h 4203.7 m (coll. XU), ” GS prepared by Chen Enyong (XU).</p><p>Paratype: • 1 male, same data but “ TU-01083 ” (XU) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species differs from H. (M.) batanga in having thicker rami, less contrasting forewings, and slightly darker hindwings (compare Figs 3, 4 with Fig. 2). The male genitalia which are lacking a clavus have wider ampulla, an unprotruded costa, a downcurved phallus, cornuti at the top of the dorsal diverticulum, and flat posterior elasma (compare Figs 3, 4 with Fig. 2). The new species was collected within the Northeast Himalayan subalpine coniferous forest ecoregion, which contrasts with H. (M.) batanga, which was collected within the Southeast Tibet shrublands and meadows.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (Figs 3, 4). Antenna bipectinate, rami gradually elongating towards mid third of antenna and then gradually shortening in distal third. Flagellum covered with greyish scales. Head dorsally, patagium and tegula grey-mottled. Thorax dorsally dark grey-mottled. Abdomen dorsally greyish-brown mottled at tergites II to III and at distal tip, whereas tergites IV to VIII covered with blackish scales. Forewing 23.3 mm long; somewhat triangular, elongate and relatively narrow with obtuse tornal angle, slightly crenulate outer margin, prominence at M 3, and tapered apex. Pattern consist of greyish-brown mottled basal, medial, subterminal and terminal fields, with subterminal field being the lightest; dark-brown, narrow, basal streak inside light-greyish-brown claviform spot bordered with dark-brown, wavy antemedial line; orbicular and reniform spots with light-brown and sparse dark-brown scales and dark-brown contour; dark-brown, crenulate postmedial line; blurred, dark-brown streak from posterior margin of reniform spot towards apex of wing; blurred, dark-brown, zigzag subterminal line with whitish posterior streaks; more or less pronounced dark-brown tornal streak; and blackish terminal line interrupted at veins. Cilia greyish-brown mottled. Hindwing somewhat triangular with rounded apex and slightly crenulated outer margin. Light brown, getting darker at distal margin of discal cell and towards outer margin. Cilia brown-mottled. Male genitalia (Figs 7, 8). Uncus somewhat digitiform, basally bent at around 90 °, apically narrowed to pointed apex. Tegumen a band narrowing towards connection with vinculum. Vinculum somewhat longer than tegumen, ventrally forms U-shaped saccus. Valva elongate, about the size of tegumen – vinculum complex, with well-pronounced sclerotized costa and sacculus, membrane between them, and membranous valvula, all sparsely covered with setae; distal third of costa less sclerotized, medially connected with rather short editum bearing somewhat trapezoidal ampulla with wavy distal margin and two lateral rounded apices, posterior one two times longer than anterior one; sacculus narrowing towards barely protruded rounded distal apex; both valvae joint with tendon. Juxta an elongated, distally narrowing plate. Anellus small, with smooth surface. Phallus as long as valva, slightly downcurved medially, with elongate coecum and wide entrance of ductus ejaculatorius; vesica somewhat conical, downcurved, with dorsal spherical diverticulum distally bearing three or four aligned cornuti, two elasmas pronounced at base of vesica ejaculatorius: anterior one somewhat oval, with fuzzy margin, weakly sclerotized (Fig. 8), and posterior one somewhat oval or heart-shaped with well-pronounced proximal margin and fuzzy distal margin, sclerotized harder than anterior one. Female unknown.</p><p>Biology and distribution (Figs 9–11).</p><p>The type series was collected from an altitude of 3,200 m on 23 August between 21: 10 p. m. and 1: 20 a. m. when the temperature was 15–16 ° C and the relative humidity was around 60 %. Adult moths collected there belonged to the families Noctuidae, Geometridae, Lasiocampidae, and Cossidae, with Noctuidae dominating in both numbers of species and individuals. The collection site was at the bottom of an alpine valley where the plant community was primarily dominated by Pinus densata and Quercus aquifolioides, while the main plant community at the valley floor consisted of small shrubs. The collecting site lies within the Northeast Himalayan subalpine coniferous forest ecoregion.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name silvana is a feminine derivative from the Latin noun silva meaning forest, given to the species for its occurrence near the Northeast Himalayan subalpine coniferous forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C62882A6B645190ADBAB24E669AC2CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Enyong;Prozorov, Alexey M.;Saldaitis, Aidas;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Müller, Günter C.;Zhou, Yonghong	Chen, Enyong, Prozorov, Alexey M., Saldaitis, Aidas, Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Zhou, Yonghong (2025): Description of a new subgenus for Himalaea batanga and its new sister species from Xizang Autonomous Region, China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Amphipyrinae, Psaphidini). ZooKeys 1244: 293-303, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.154162
F303C7EDB9425A38BA86BE3FFF037E10.text	F303C7EDB9425A38BA86BE3FFF037E10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Himalaea Hreblay & L. Ronkay 1998	<div><p>Himalaea Hreblay &amp; L. Ronkay, 1998</p><p>Himalaea Hreblay &amp; L. Ronkay in Hreblay et al. 1998: 135. Type species: Himalaea unica Hreblay &amp; L. Ronkay, 1998, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Adult males have bipectinate antennae and brownish-grey coloration. The main diagnostic feature in the clasping apparatus is an enlarged outgrown ampulla (digitus sensu Saldaitis et al. 2022), whereas the ampulla of other Psaphidini, if present, is smaller and does not rise above the surface of the valva. The vesica has anterior and posterior elasmas at the base of the vesica ejaculatorius, which are flat, sclerotized plates or raised, volumetric, sclerotized plates with serrated surfaces. Elasma occur in some other genera of Psaphidini: Valeria Stephens, 1829, Meganephria Hübner, 1820, Benedekia Ronkay, Ronkay, Gyulai &amp; Hacker, 2010, and Allophyes Tams, 1942; however, the combination of robust ampulla and both anterior and posterior elasmas are unique within the tribe.</p><p>Taxonomic synopsis</p><p>Subgenus Himalaea Hreblay &amp; L. Ronkay, 1998</p><p>Himalaea (Himalaea) unica Hreblay &amp; L. Ronkay, 1998</p><p>Subgenus Macrohimalaea subgen. nov.</p><p>Himalaea (Macrohimalaea) batanga Saldaitis, Benedek &amp; Volynkin, 2022, stat. nov.</p><p>Himalaea (Macrohimalaea) silvana sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F303C7EDB9425A38BA86BE3FFF037E10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Enyong;Prozorov, Alexey M.;Saldaitis, Aidas;Yakovlev, Roman V.;Müller, Günter C.;Zhou, Yonghong	Chen, Enyong, Prozorov, Alexey M., Saldaitis, Aidas, Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Zhou, Yonghong (2025): Description of a new subgenus for Himalaea batanga and its new sister species from Xizang Autonomous Region, China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Amphipyrinae, Psaphidini). ZooKeys 1244: 293-303, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1244.154162
