taxonID	type	description	language	source
A03C326FFF87FFA98981FDC0FD23FA6F.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Mantispa quadrituberculata Westwood, 1852, by original designation.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF87FFA98981FDC0FD23FA6F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis [modified from Snyman et al. (2018)]. Austroclimaciella can be distinguished from all other Oriental and Palaearctic mantispid genera by the following combination of characters: pronotum, well-rounded prozone, conspicuously and regularly corrugated midzone; wing apices always with distinct pigmentation; small pores on the posterior margins of tergites IV – VIII. Austroclimaciella quadrituberculata (Westwood, 1852) [Japanese name: Tsumaguro-kamakirimodoki] (Figs 1 A, 3 – 5) Mantispa quadrituberculata Westwood, 1852: 264, pl. 18, fig. 1 (as 4 - tuberculata; incorrect original spelling) [type locality: Northern India (India)].	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF87FFA98981FDC0FD23FA6F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Climaciella habutsuella Okamoto, 1910: holotype, male, “ Japan / Matsumura // Ryukyu, Yakushima [backside of the previous label, handwritten in Japanese] // HOLOTYPE / Climaciella / habutsuella / det. H. OKAMOTO / 1910 [handwritten on red paper card] // Climaciella / 4 - tuberculata / WESTWOOD / Det. SATORU KUWAYAMA / 1960 [handwritten, except “ Det. SATORU KUWAYAMA ”] // Austroclimaciella / q uadrituberculata / (Westwood, 1852) / Det. Bao-Cheng Lai [handwritten] ” (SEHU-Neur 2 - No 1). Material examined. Honshu: 1 male, 19 June 2001, Kasugayama, Nara-shi, Nara, M. Yagi leg. (OMNH- N 000009459); 1 male, 22 August 2019, Wakakusayama, Nara-shi, Nara, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH-N 000009460); 1 male, 16 July 2020, same locality and collector (OMNH- N 000009461). Kyushu: 1 male, 3 July 2023, Motooka, Nishiku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, S. Yagi leg. (MPIM-HN- 001); 1 female, 14 August 1933, Takeoka, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, R. Tanaka leg. (OMNH). Nansei Islands: 1 female, 19 September 1978, Onoaida, Yakushima Is., Kagoshima, T. Saito leg. (MPIM-N 001); 1 female, 6 August 1991, Mugio, Yakushima Is., Kagoshima, S. Yamane leg. (OMNH- N 000009462).	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF87FFA98981FDC0FD23FA6F.taxon	description	Redescription. Head. Labrum orange. Clypeus, frons and vertex generally yellow except two black transverse stripes at front region (Fig. 3 C) and one black transverse stripe at posterior margin of vertex (Fig. 3 D). Some specimens with two black longitudinal stripes along eyes (Fig. 3 E). Antennae: scape yelow, pedicel and flagellum dark orange to brown with 25 – 29 articles covered with short setae. Thorax. Prothorax 3.4 – 4.8 mm long in males, 3.8 – 5.1 mm long in females, elongate, generally blackish red to black except black stripe at anterior margin and yellow stripe at broad section (Fig. 3 B, D, E). Mesonotum generally dark brown to black except yellow scutellum. Metanotum generally dark brown to black except pale yellow region at anterior part of scutum and yellow scutellum. Legs. Foreleg: coxa and trochanter dark reddish brown. Femur with posterior surface dark reddish brown to deep yellow with distorted triangular black spot in medial region, anterior surface dark reddish brown with black spot in medial region. Dark reddish brown femoral major process at proximal tow-fifths of femur length, dark reddish brown posteroventral row of processes present on distal three-fifths of femur length. Tibia to protarsus dark reddish brown to deep yellow (Fig. 3 B). Midleg: femur to tarsus dark reddish brown, pretarsal claws with four to six apical teeth, arolium present. Hindleg: femur dark reddish brown, tibia dark yellow except proximal one-third dark reddish brown region, tarsus reddish brown, pretarsal claws with four to six apical teeth, arolium present. Wings. Forewing 13.5 – 17.0 mm long in males, 13.5 – 18.1 mm long in females, elongate, anterior half, wing base, and distal one-third region pale brown, venation brown. Pterostigma dark orange. Radius Anterior (RA) and Radius Posterior (RP) veins partially fused at wing apex (Fig. 3 F). Media (M) and Radius (R) veins fused along approximately basal one-quarter of wing length and M vein posteriorly retracted to Cubitus (Cu), forming radial triangle (rt) (Fig. 3 F). Media Anterior (MA) proximally fused to first RP stem for a short distance (Fig. 3 F, H, indicated arrowhead) or connected to it through short crossvein (Fig. 3 I). Hind wing 12.0 – 15.0 mm long in males, 12.0 – 16.1 mm long in females, elongate, anterior half and distal one-third region pale brown, venation brown. Pterostigma dark orange. RA and RP veins partly fused at wing apex (Fig. 3 G). Cubitus Posterior (CuP) and First anal vein (A 1) partly fused at distal portion (Fig. 3 G). Abdomen. Tergite I generally blackish brown to black. Anterotergite of tergite II generally blackish brown to black with dark yellow spot at center and posterotergite yellow to dark yellow with some brown spots at anterior half, blackish brown to black spot at posterior half with yellow margin. Tergites III and IV yellow at anterior half, and blackish brown to black at posterior half. Tergites V to VIII entirely yellow. All sternites generally black with yellow stripe at posterior margin. Male terminalia (Fig. 4 A – F). Ectoproct ellipsoid, covered with fine setae. Ventromedial lobe directed medially, with short and thick setae. Sternite IX semicircular, apex broadly projected and slightly concave at centre in ventral view, covered with fine setae. Gonostyli X sclerotised, long and thin, spine-like apex, with a pair of small sclerites at base of gonostyli X membrane. Gonocoxites X slightly wide with a small notch at apex in ventral view. Median lobe of gonocoxites XI acuminate. Hypandrium triangular in dorsal view. Female terminalia (Fig. 4 G – I). Gonocoxites VIII narrow, elongate, setose. Gonapophyses VIII slightly protruding, setose. Ectoproct ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Gonocoxites IX ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Spermatheca strongly coiled, fertilisation canal duct base narrow and curved, diverticulum (dv) present.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF87FFA98981FDC0FD23FA6F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. JAPAN: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nansei Islands (Yakushima Is., Tanegashima Is.); TAIWAN; P. R. CHINA; INDONESIA; INDIA.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF87FFA98981FDC0FD23FA6F.taxon	discussion	Comments. Okamoto (1910) described C. habutsuella (= A. habutsuella) based on a single male specimen collected from Yakushima Island, Southwestern Japan (Fig. 5 A – H). This species can be distinguished from C. quadrituberculata (= A. quadrituberculata) by the number of antennal segments, prothorax colouration, and the number of branches in anterior radial cell 3 (rarp 3) (Okamoto 1910). Subsequently, Kuwayama (1962) synonymised A. habutsuella with A. quadrituberculata, suggesting that these morphological features are individual variations. Nevertheless, Ohl (2004) and Snyman et al. (2018) recognised A. habutsuella as a distinct species. Snyman et al. (2018) presented additional figures (Snyman et al. 2018: fig. 4) and noted the absence of a broad black band on the posterior margin of the vertex. In contrast, the holotype specimen of A. habutsuella exhibits a black stripe on the posterior margin of the vertex (Fig. 5 D). Therefore, we recommend the synonymisation of A. habutsuella with A. quadrituberculata. Climaciella subfusca (= A. subfusca), another Japanese species, requires careful taxonomic examination. Nakahara (1912) described this species on the basis of wing venation, wing colour, and body length, using a single female specimen from Harima, Honshu. Unfortunately, efforts to locate type specimens deposited at the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan (Nakamura 2011), have been unsuccessful. The only references to the morphological attributes of this species are the original descriptions (Fig. 5 I, J). Notably, this species exhibits pale brown pigmentation along the branches of RP veins in the forewing (Fig. 5 J; Kuwayama 1925 b, 1962). However, we believe that this morphological trait is subject to individual variation, suggesting that this species is a synonym for A. quadrituberculata.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF80FFA9886BFA30FEADF884.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Euclimacia partita Enderlein, 1910, by original designation.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF80FFA9886BFA30FEADF884.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis [modified from Snyman et al. (2018)]. Euclimacia can be distinguished from all other Oriental and Palaearctic mantispid genera by the following combination of characters: flagellomeres symmetric disc-like and perfoliate; pronotum shorter than pterothorax; wings conspicuously pigmented.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF80FFAB8854F86EFD9DF887.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Nansei Islands: 1 male, 10 October 1996, Omotodake, Ishigakijima Is., Okinawa, M. Ogata leg. (OMNH-N 000009463); 1 female, 27 October 2002, Maesedake, Ishigakijima Is., Okinawa, Y. Sawada leg. (OMNH); 1 male, 4 September 2006, same locality, E. Nishida leg. (OMNH-N 000009464); 1 female, 2 August 2007, Nosokomape, Ishigakijima Is., Okinawa, O. Okamura. leg. (OMNH-N 000009465); 1 male, 2 May 1982, Toyohara, Iriomotejima Is., Okinawa, A. Nagatomi leg. (OMNH- N 000009466); 1 male, 22 July 1995, Funauki, Iriomotejima Is., Okinawa, T. Saito leg. (MPIM- 4210); 1 male, 2 July 1997, Shirahama-rindo, Iriomotejima Is., Okinawa, T. Saito leg. (MPIM- 4211); 1 male, 21 May 2003, same locality, T. Befu leg. (OMNH-N 000009467); 1 male, 3 June 2021, Iriomote, Iriomotejima Is., Okinawa, H. Hoshito leg. (HH- 20210603).	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF80FFAB8854F86EFD9DF887.taxon	description	Redescription. Head. Generally yellow except black spot at frons, near base of antennal insertion and occiput (Fig. 6 C, D). Antennae: scape blackish brown to black, pedicel and flagellum dark orange to brown with 42 – 45 articles, and flagellomeres symmetric disc-like and perfoliate. Thorax. Prothorax 4.1 – 4.5 mm long in males, 4.3 – 4.6 mm long in females, very short, strongly wrinkled, median region of pronotum dorsally concave in lateral view; generally yellow except diagonal black spots on both sides and black stripe at posterior margin (Fig. 6 B, D). Meso- and metanotum generally yellow except black spots at left and right ends. Legs. Foreleg: posterior surface of coxa with proximal one-third region black and the other areas yellow, anterior surface with proximal half and ventral side blackish brown to black, remaining areas dark yellow. Femur with posterior surface generally yellow except two blackish-brown spots at proximal and medial regions, anterior surface blackish-brown except dark yellow spots at proximal, medial and distal regions. Dark yellow femoral major process at proximal one-third of femur length, yellow posteroventral row of processes present on distal two-thirds of femur length. Tibia to tarsus yellow to dark yellow with fine dense setae on inner ridge (Fig. 6 B). Mid- and hindlegs: femora generally black except yellow longitudinal stripe at distal one-quarter, tibiae yellow with one small black spot at middle, their tarsi dark yellow, pretarsal claws with four to six apical teeth, arolium present. Wings. Forewing 23.5 – 24.5 mm long in males, 20.0 – 23.7 mm long in females, elongate, anterior half and wing base pale brown, posterior half pale amber, venation brown. Pterostigma dark orange. Media (M) and Radius (R) veins fused along approximately basal one-sixth of wing length and M vein posteriorly retracted to Cubitus Anterior (CuA), forming radial triangle (rt) (Fig. 6 E). Hind wing 19.5 – 21.0 mm long in males, 18.5 – 20.7 mm long in females, elongate, anterior half pale brown, posterior half pale amber, venation brown. Pterostigma dark orange. Cubitus Posterior (CuP) and First anal vein (A 1) fused at distal portion (Fig. 6 F). Abdomen. Tergite I entirely yellow. Anterotergite of tergite II generally black with yellow spot at posterior region and posterotergite yellow with a black stripe at posterior margin. Tergites III to VII yellow with black stripe at anterior margin. Tergite VIII entirely yellow. Sternite I generally black exept inverted triangular yellow spot at midline. Sternite II yellow with black stripe at posterior margin. Sternites III to VII yellow with black stripe at anterior margin. Sternite VIII entirely yellow in the male. Male terminalia (Fig. 7 A – G). Ectoproct ellipsoid, covered with fine setae. Ventromedial lobe with short and thick setae. Sternite IX semicircular, apex broadly projected at centre in ventral view, covered with fine setae. Gonostyli X sclerotised, short and thin, spine-like apex, with a pair of small sclerites at base of gonostyli X membrane. Gonocoxites X broad with notch at apex in ventral view. Median lobe of gonocoxites XI acuminate. Hypandrium internum triangular with two concave sides in dorsal view. Female terminalia (Fig. 7 H – J). Gonocoxites VIII narrow, small, setose. Gonapophyses VIII slightly protruding. Ectoproct ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Gonocoxites IX ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Spermatheca coiled, base of fertilisation canal duct narrow and strongly curved.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF80FFAB8854F86EFD9DF887.taxon	distribution	Distribution. JAPAN: Nansei Islands (Ishigakijima Is., Iriomotejima Is.); TAIWAN; PHILIPPINES (?).	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF82FFAB886DF86FFB6EF94B.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Eumantispa suzukii, Okamoto, 1910 (= Mantispa harmandi Navás, 1909), by original designation.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF82FFAB886DF86FFB6EF94B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis [modified from Yang and Liu (2010)]. Eumantispa can be distinguished from other mantispid genera by the following combination of characters: prothorax long and straight; pronotum smooth without setae, but with a series of regular grooves; wings elongate and narrow, forewing with more than three Radial cells.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF82FFA18ADEF953FA9AF847.taxon	description	(Figs 1 C, 8, 9)	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF82FFA18ADEF953FA9AF847.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Honshu: 1 ex., 14 September 2021, Kansuizawa, Arakawa, Aomori-shi, Aomori, S. Kudo leg. (SK- 20210914); 1 male, 2 females, 26 July 1998, Torinoo – Suzuharashitsugen, Mikurajima-mura, Mikurajima Is., Tokyo, O. Tominaga leg. (OMNH); 1 male, 23 July 1994, Ikenotaira, Myoko-shi, Niigata, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4179); 1 male, 19 August 1985, Hakusan, Hakusan-shi, Ishikawa, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4192); 1 female, 21 August 1985, same locality, T. Saito leg. (MPIM- 4191); 1 female, 22 September 1976, Wakasa-cho, Fukui, T. Saito leg. (MPIM-N 004); 2 males, 30 July 1989, Koukura-toge, Minamiechizen-cho, Fukui, T. Saito leg. (MPIM- 4188, N 005); 1 female, 12 August 1989, Gozaishikosen, Nirasaki-shi, Yamanashi, K. Mizuno leg. (OMNH); 1 female, 23 July 1994, Iizunakogen, Naganoshi, Nagano, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4180); 1 male, 2 females, 28 August 1970, Ontake, Otaki-mura, Nagano, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4174 – 6); 1 male, 22 – 23 July 1990, Kanmuriyama-toge, Ibigawa-cho, Gifu, T. Saito leg. (MPIM- 4186); 1 female, 6 September 1994, Ena-shi, Gifu, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4178); 1 female, 31 August 1991, Sasaritoge, Hirogawaraobana-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, A. Yonetsu leg. (OMNH); 1 female, 21 June 1999, Aogaiyama, Toyono-cho, Osaka, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4183); 1 male, 15 July 1999, Aogaiyama, Toyono-cho, Osaka, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4182); 1 male, 15 July 1994, Kurokawa, Kawanishi-shi, Hyogo, T. Saito leg. (MPIM- 4187); 1 male, 29 August 1995, Kamiakotani, Inagawa-cho, Hyogo, T. Saito leg. (MPIM-N 006); 1 female, 28 August 1997, same locality, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM-N 002); 1 male, 22 August 1995, Hyonosen, Yabu-shi, Hyogo, T. Saito leg. (MPIM); 1 male, 1 female, 19 – 20 August 1983, Odaigahara, Kamikitayama-mura, Nara, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4181, N 003); 3 females, 9 August 1969, Dogoyama, Shobara-shi, Hiroshima, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4184, 4185, 4190); 1 male, 19 August 1996, Azumayama, Shobara-shi, Hiroshima, T. Saito leg. (MPIM). Shikoku: 1 female, 26 August 1993, Koutsusan, Yoshinogawashi, Tokushima, O. Tominaga leg. (OMNH); 1 male, 1 female, 29 July 1995, Daisenzan, Mannou-cho, Kagawa, O. Tominaga leg. (OMNH); 1 male, 24 August 1993, Tounaru, Dozanmine, Niihama-shi, Ehime, O. Tominaga leg. (OMNH); 1 female, 25 August 1993, same locality and collector (OMNH); 1 male, 24 August 1993, Kanpuzan-tunnel, Ino-cho, Kochi, O. Tominaga leg. (OMNH). Kyushu: 1 female, 15 September 1977, Toishibuchi, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, O. Tominaga leg. (OMNH); 1 female, 17 September 1977, Kamisaka, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, I. Hiura leg. (OMNH); 2 males, 4 June 1983, Mokkokuyama, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, T. Saito leg. (MPIM).	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF82FFA18ADEF953FA9AF847.taxon	description	Redescription. Head. Labrum and clypeus pale yellow. Frons with black or blackish brown in males (Fig. 8 C) or pale yellow in females (Fig. 8 D). Vertex generally yellow except one black or blackish brown spot near base of antenna in males (Fig. 8 C) or one brown stripe in females (Fig. 8 D) and rhombus brown spot at posterior margin. Antennae: scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum brown with 28 – 36 articles covered with short setae. Thorax. Prothorax 3.5 – 5.6 mm long in males, 4.1 – 6.8 mm long in females, elongate, generally yellow except brown spot at anterior broad section, posterior tubular section wrinkled with about 10 grooves. Mesonotum with prescutum dark brown, scutum dark brown to brown except yellow middle region, scutellum yellow. Metanotum generally brown except yellow middle region. Legs. Foreleg: coxa yellow or dark yellow, trochanter pale brown, femur to tarsus generally pale brown. Yellow femoral major process at proximal one-third of femur length, yellow posteroventral row of processes present on distal two-thirds of femur length. Mid- and hindlegs: yellow to dark yellow, tarsal claws with four to six apical teeth, arolium present. Wings. Forewing 13.0 – 21.0 mm long in males, 15.2 – 25.0 mm long in females, elongate, membrane hyaline, venation brown. Pterostigma dark orange. Radius Anterior (RA) and Radius Posterior (RP) veins partly fused at wing apex (Fig. 8 E). Media (M) and Radius (R) veins fused along approximately basal one-fifth of wing length and M vein posteriorly retracted to Cubitus Anterior (CuA), forming radial triangle (rt) (Fig. 8 E). Anterior radial cells (rarps) subdivid- ed into four to eight cells (Fig. 8 A, E, G – L). Hind wing 11.0 – 17.6 mm long in males, 13.0 – 21.2 mm long in females, elongate, membrane hyaline, venation brown. Pterostigma dark orange. RA and RP veins partly fused at wing apex (Fig. 8 F). Anterior radial cells (rarps) subdivided into four to eight cells (Fig. 8 A, F – L). Cubitus Posterior (CuP) and First anal vein (A 1) partly fused at distal portion (Fig. 8 F). Many venational abnormalities (anomalies) are found on both fore- and hind wings (Fig. 8 A, E – L, indicated small arrows). Abdomen. Tergite I yellow to dark brown. Anterotergite of tergite II generally dark brown, posterotergite generally orange with one black stripe near posterior margin and yellow at posterior margin. Tergites III and IV generally orange with yellow spot and an inverted triangular black stripe at anterior margin. Tergites V to VIII entirely orange. Sternites I and II entirely yellow. Sternites III to VII yellow with one black transverse stripe at posterior margin. Male terminalia (Fig. 9 A – F). Ectoproct slightly elongate, and covered with long fine setae. Ventromedial lobe directed medially, with short and thick setae. Sternite IX subpentagonal, apex broadly rounded in ventral view, covered with fine setae. Gonostyli X sclerotised, long and thin, spine-like apex, with a pair of small sclerites at base of gonostyli X membrane. Gonocoxites X with obviously forked apex. Median lobe of gonocoxites XI slightly acuminate. Hypandrium internum elongate, triangular in dorsal view. Female terminalia (Fig. 9 G – I). Gonocoxites VIII narrow, elongate, and slightly curved and triangular, setose. Gonapophyses VIII small and slightly protruding, setose. Ectoproct ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Gonocoxites IX ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Spermatheca coiled, base of fertilisation canal duct narrow and straight.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF82FFA18ADEF953FA9AF847.taxon	distribution	Distribution. JAPAN: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; FAR EAST RUSSIA; SOUTH KOREA; P. R. CHINA.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF82FFA18ADEF953FA9AF847.taxon	discussion	Comments. Yang and Liu (2010) provided illustrations of the male genitalia and female spermatheca of E. harmandi (Yang and Liu 2010: figs 7 – 9). However, the morphological characteristics of gonocoxites X and XI within the male genitalia differ from the figures presented in this study (Fig. 9 A – G). Given that the type locality of this species is Japan, our redescription based on the Japanese specimens of E. harmandi suggests that the Chinese specimens redescribed by Yang and Liu (2010) may represent an undescribed species.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF88FFBE8AD1F828FD80F8E4.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Mantispa strenua Gerstaecker, 1894, by original designation.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF88FFBE8AD1F828FD80F8E4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis [modified from Snyman et al. (2018)]. Tuberonotha can be distinguished from all other Oriental and Palaearctic mantispid genera by the following combination of characters: pronotum conspicuous irregularly rugose, distinct constriction posterior to maculae followed by the prominent dorsal hump on midzone. Tuberonotha strenua (Gerstaecker, 1894) [Japanese name: Oo-kamakirimodoki] (Figs 1 D, 10, 11)	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF88FFBE8AD1F828FD80F8E4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Shikoku: 1 male, 24 September 2023, Kaminojiri, Kumakogen-cho, Ehime, K. Yasuda leg. (MPIM); 1 male, 12 October 2018, Nishidani, Niyodogawacho, Kochi, M. Mori leg. (MPIM-HN- 002); 1 male, 15 August 2020, Befukyo, Monobe-cho, Kami-shi, Kochi, T. Befu leg. (OMNH-N 000009469); 1 female, 19 September 2020, Kuroson, Shimanto-shi, Kochi, T. Befu leg. (OMNH-N 000009468). Kyushu: 1 female, 16 August 1954, Hikosan, Soeda-machi, Fukuoka, C. Okuma leg. (OMNH-N 000009470); 1 male, 19 September 1968, Akama, Munakata-shi, Fukuoka, M. Kuramoto leg. (OMNH-N 000009470); 1 male, 13 September 1969, same locality and collector (OMNH-N 000009471); 2 females, 11 September 2020, Taradake, Tara-cho, Saga, K. Tatsuta leg (MPIM); 1 male, 23 September 2019, Koumu, Kishikumachi, Goto-shi, Nagasaki, K. Chiyoda leg. (KC- 20190923); 1 male, 19 August 2009, Oike, Kurodake, Yufu-shi, Oita, M. Mori leg. (MPIM-HN- 003).	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF88FFBE8AD1F828FD80F8E4.taxon	description	Redescription. Head. Labrum pale brown to dark yellow. Clypeus black. Frons yellow. Vertex generally pale brown to brown except black stripes near base of antenna and at posterior margin of vertex (Fig. 10 C, D). Antennae: all segments generally brown except some flagellomeres orange at apex, flagellum with 32 – 37 articles. Thorax. Prothorax 5.0 – 6.1 mm long in males, 5.8 – 7.4 mm long in females, irregularly wrinkled. Pronotum irregularly rugose in dorsal view, generally brown to blackish brown with pale brown diagonal lines on both posterior half sides and with pale brown elongate triangular spot on posterior half in dorsal view (Fig. 10 B, D). Meso- and metanotum generally brown except yellow scutellum. Legs. Foreleg: entirely dark brown, with pale brown stripe at proximal one-quarter of coxa (Fig. 10 B). Dark brown femoral major process at proximal two-fifths of femur length, dark brown posteroventral row of processes present on distal three-fifths of femur length. Midleg: femur dark brown, tibia proximal one-third dark brown and rest pale brown, tarsus pale brown, pretarsal claws with five to six apical teeth, arolium present. Hindleg: femur pale milky yellow except dark brown at proximal and distal region, tibia dark brown at proximal one-third and rest pale milky yellow with brownish marking at distal region, tarsus brown, pretarsal claws with five to six apical teeth, arolium present. Wings. Forewing 20.5 – 27.5 mm long in males, 22.5 – 31.4 mm long in females, elongate, generally hyaline with wing base, costal to subcostal area, and apical region pale brown, venation brown. Pterostigma brown. Radius Anterior (RA) and Radius Posterior (RP) veins partly fused at wing apex (Fig. 9 E). Media (M) and Radius (R) veins fused along approximately basal one-quarter of wing length and M vein posteriorly retracted to Cubitus Anterior (CuA), forming radial triangle (rt) (Fig. 10 E). Hind wing 18.5 – 24.5 mm long in males, 20.8 – 27.0 mm long in females, elongate, generally hyaline with wing base, costal to subcostal area, and apical region pale brown, venation brown. Pterostigma dark brown. RA and RP veins partly fused at wing apex. Proximal r-m crossvein (1 r-m) present between most proximal branch of RPs and Media Anterior (MA) (Fig. 10 F – I). Some specimens most proximal RP branch further (Fig. 10 H). Slightly gap present at connection of MA and 1 r-m (Fig. 10 I, indicated arrowhead). Cubitus Posterior (CuP) and First anal vein (A 1) partly fused at distal portion (Fig. 10 F). Abdomen. Tergite I generally blackish brown. Anterotergite of tergite II generally blackish brown with a longitudinal yellow stripe at middle in dorsal view, posterotergite generally dark brown with one transverse black stripe near posterior margin and yellow at posterior margin. Tergites III and IV generally dark brown with an inverted triangular yellow spot. Tergites V to VIII with yellow spot at middle in dorsal view and blackish brown on both sides. All sternites generally blackish brown except sternite II with a yellow stripe at posterior margin. Male terminalia (Fig. 11 A – F). Ectoproct ellipsoid, covered with fine setae. Ventromedial lobe directed medially, with short and thick setae. Sternite IX semicircular, apex broadly projected and slightly concave at centre in ventral view, covered with fine setae. Gonostyli X sclerotised, long and thin, spine-like apex, with a pair of small sclerites at base of gonostyli X membrane. Gonocoxites X broad with a notch at apex in ventral view. Median lobe of gonocoxites XI acuminate. Hypandrium internum triangular with two slightly concave sides in dorsal view. Female terminalia (Fig. 11 G – I). Gonocoxites VIII narrow, elongate, setose. Gonapophyses VIII small, slightly protruding, setose. Ectoproct ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Gonocoxites IX ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Spermatheca strongly coiled, base of fertilisation canal duct narrow.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF88FFBE8AD1F828FD80F8E4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. JAPAN: Shikoku, Kyushu; PHILIPPINES; INDONESIA; NEW GUINEA; AUSTRALIA.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF97FFBE8831F88EFAF4F7C0.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Necyla exigua Navás, 1913 (as Nicyla [sic] exigua), by original designation.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF97FFBE8831F88EFAF4F7C0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis [modified from Snyman et al. (2018)]. Necyla can be distinguished from all other Oriental and Palaearctic mantispid genera by the following combination of characters: pronotum bearing setae, a simple or unmodified pterostigma, and A 1 in the hind wing forked and fused with CuA for a significant distance distal to the fork.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF96FFB98855F972FEA5F821.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Kyushu: 1 female, 18 August 1968, Ariakeyama, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, I. Hiura leg. (OMNH); 1 male, same date and locality, K. Tani leg. (OMNH); 1 male, 5 – 7 August 1975, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, Y. Miyatake leg. (OMNH); 1 male, 23 May 1976, Izuharajoshi, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, I. Hiura leg. (OMNH); 1 female, 23 May 1976, Shimizuyama, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, I. Hiura leg. (OMNH); 1 female, 15 September 1977, Mitsushima-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, O. Tominaga leg. (OMNH); 1 female, 16 September 1977, Komoda, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, I. Hiura leg. (OMNH); 2 males, 4 June 1983, Azamo, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, T. Saito leg. (MPIM- 4173, N 007); 2 females, 4 June 1983, Mokkokuyama, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, T. Saito leg. (MPIM); 1 female, 6 June 1983, Kamisaka, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, T. Saito leg. (MPIM- 4167); 1 male, 2 June 1996, Sagohigashisato, Kamiagata-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 male, 24 July 1997, Tendohoshihokora, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, O. Tominaga leg. (OMNH); 1 male, 24 July 1997, Sumo, Mitsushima-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, O. Tominaga leg. (OMNH); 1 male, 26 July 1997, Mitake, Kamiagata-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, O. Tominaga leg. (OMNH); 1 male, 20 June 2001, Saozaki, Kamiagata-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 female, 20 June 2001, Unatsura, Kamiagata-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 2 males, 9 August 2001, Takeshiki, Mitsushima-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, Y. Kawakami leg. (OMNH); 2 females, 19 June 2022, Taterasan-rindo, Tsutsu, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, H. Ono leg. (MPIM-HN- 004, 005).	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF96FFB98855F972FEA5F821.taxon	description	Redescription. Head. Labrum brown to yellow with a black spot at middle. Clypeus and frons entirely yellow with one longitudinal black stripe. Vertex generally yellow with diamond-shaped black spot and few brown spots (Fig. 12 C, D). Antennae: scape and pedicel yellow on ventral side, with brown spot on dorsal side (Fig. 12 A, C, D). Flagellum black with 25 – 28 articles covered with short setae. Thorax. Prothorax 2.4 – 4.1 mm long in males, 3.1 – 4.5 mm long in females, elongate, generally brown to blackish brown with sickle-shaped yellow spot on anterior half and yellow diagonal line from middle anterior to the posterior region on both sides (Fig. 12 B). Meso- and metanotum generally yellow except on lateral regions. Legs. Foreleg: coxa and trochanter entirely yellow or dark yellow. Femur with posterior surface entirely yellow, anterior surface with proximal one-third yellow and rest blackish brown to black. Dark yellow femoral major process at middle of femur length, posteroventral row of processes with posterior surface yellow and anterior surface entirely blackish brown present on distal half of femur length (Fig. 12 B). Tibia to tarsus with posterior surface entirely yellow, those of anterior surface dark yellow to brown. Mid- and hindlegs: yellow, tarsal claws with four to six apical teeth, arolium present. Wings. Forewing 8.5 – 14.0 mm long in males, 9.2 – 16.5 mm long in females, elongate, membrane hyaline, venation generally black except dark yellow on wing base. Pterostigma yellow to dark brown. Radius Anterior (RA) and Radius Posteri- or (RP) veins partly fused at wing apex (Fig. 12 E). Media (M) and Radius (R) fused along approximately basal one-quarter of wing length and M vein posteriorly retracted to Cubitus Anterior (CuA), forming small radial triangle (rt) (Fig. 12 E). Hind wing 7.0 – 11.5 mm long in males, 8.5 – 13.5 mm long in females, elongate, membrane hyaline, venation generally black except dark yellow on wing base region. Pterostigma dark brown. RA and RP veins partly fused at wing apex (Fig. 12 F). Cubitus Posterior (CuP) entirely fused with First anal vein (A 1) at distal portion (Fig. 12 F). Abdomen. Tergite I generally blackish brown. Tergite II generally blackish brown or yellow with black stripes on lateral margins. Tergites III to VII yellow with black stripes at lateral and posterior margins. Tergite VIII entirely yellow. Sternite I generally yellow with black stripes on lateral and posterior margins. Sternites II to VII yellow to blackish brown with black stripes on lateral and posterior margins. Male terminalia (Fig. 13 A – F). Ectoproct elongate, finger-like shaped, covered with fine setae. Ventromedial lobe with short and thick setae. Sternite IX subpentagonal, apex rounded in ventral view, covered with fine setae. Gonostyli X sclerotised, long and thin, spine-like apex, with a pair of small sclerites at base of gonostyli X membrane. Gonocoxites X broadened at middle with two finger-like projections at apex. Median lobe of gonocoxites XI acuminate with earlike projections on both sides. Hypandrium internum in dorsal view elongate, triangular. Female terminalia (Fig. 13 G – I). Gonocoxites VIII narrow, setose. Gonapophyses VIII slightly protruding, setose sclerite. Ectoproct ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Gonocoxites IX ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Spermatheca strongly coiled, base of fertilisation canal duct narrow and curved, with two diverticula (dv) present.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF96FFB98855F972FEA5F821.taxon	distribution	Distribution. JAPAN: Kyushu (Tsushima Is.).	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF96FFB98855F972FEA5F821.taxon	discussion	Remarks. New (2003) mentioned that this species is distributed also in Indonesia and Sri Lanka. However, it was excluded from the distribution areas in this paper due to doubtful identifications and very distant occurrences from the type locality.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF90FFBB8AC2FF2AFE4AFE1F.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Mantispa indica Westwood, 1852, by original designation.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF90FFBB8AC2FF2AFE4AFE1F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis [modified from Snyman et al. (2018)]. Mantispilla can be distinguished from all other Oriental and Palaearctic mantispid genera by the following character: procoxae with longitudinal pigmented stripe on the anterolateral sides. Mantispilla japonica (McLachlan, 1875) [Japanese name: Hime-kamakirimodoki] (Figs 1 E, 14 – 16)	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF90FFBB8AC2FF2AFE4AFE1F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Honshu: 1 male, 1 female, 12 August 2015, Mitakeko, Yokote-shi, Akita, S. Fujie leg. (OMNH); 1 male, 17 July 2017, Minamiakagiyama, Shibukawa-shi, Gunma, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 male, 21 August 1993, Kawamata, Chichibu-shi, Saitama, M. Uchida leg. (OMNH); 3 females, 17 July 1993, Kinshozan, Ogawamachi, Saitama, M. Uchida leg. (OMNH); 1 female, 15 July 1995, same locality and collector (OMNH); 1 male, 1 female, 10 September 2020, Magi, Otsuki-cho, Otuki-shi, Yamanashi, Y. Sakamoto leg. (MPIM-HN- 006 – 9); 1 male, 10 September 1914, Gifu, Nawa leg. (SEHU-RH- 3); 1 male, 23 September 2005, Okuizumi, Honkawane-cho, Shizuoka, O. Tominaga leg. (OMNH); 1 male, 20 July 1969, Odaigahara, Odai-cho, Mie, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4161); 1 male, 1 female, 22 July 1999, Aogaiyama, Toyono-cho, Osaka, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4154, 4155); 2 females, 12 August 1999, same locality and collector (MPIM- 4156, 4157); 1 female, 2 October 1978, Minoh-koen, Minoh-shi, Osaka, T. Saito leg. (MPIM); 1 male, 30 June 1995, same locality and collector (MPIM); 1 female, 15 July 1999, same locality, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4153); 1 female, 25 July 1996, Shimotodoromi, Minoh-shi, Osaka, T. Saito leg. (MPIM- N 008); 1 female, 29 August 1995, Kamiakotani, Inagawa-cho, Hyogo, T. Saito leg. (MPIM-N 009); 3 males, 16 July 1996, Kamiakotani, Inagawa-cho, Hyogo, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM); 1 female, 28 August 1997, same locality and collector (MPIM); 1 male, 22 August 1995, Hyonosen, Yabu-shi, Hyogo, T. Saito leg. (MPIM); 1 female, 12 July 2023, Sugitani, Higashiyoshino-mura, Nara, K. Kagawa leg. (MPIM- HN- 010); 1 male, 4 females, 14 September 1969, Oshikakei, Misasa-cho, Tottori, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4168 – 72); 1 male, 1 female, 9 August 1969, Dogoyama, Shobara-shi, Hiroshima, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4159, 4163). Shikoku: 2 males, 2 females, 30 – 31 July 1970, Yunoki, Otoyo-cho, Kochi, M. Takahama leg. (MPIM- 4158, 4162, 4164, 4165). Kyushu: 1 male, 5 – 7 August 1975, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, Y. Miyatake leg. (OMNH); 1 female, 17 September 1977, Sasuna, Kamiagata-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, O. Tominaga leg. (OMNH); 1 female, 4 June 1983, Mokkokuyama, Izuhara-machi, Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki, T. Saito leg. (MPIM- 4152); 1 female, 27 May 2003, Inokodani, Kobayashi-shi, Miyazaki, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH). Nansei Islands: 1 male, 2 females, 7 July 2019, Nanatsuyama, Nakanoshima Is., Tokara Isls., Kagoshima, H. Ono leg. (MPIM); 1 male, 10 September 2023, Nazeuragami-cho, Amami-shi, Amamioshima Is., Kagoshima, K. Matsuhira leg. (KGPM); 1 male, 18 September 2023, same locality and collector (KGPM); 1 female, 21 September 2023, same locality and collector (KGPM); 1 male, 23 September 2023, same locality and collector (KGPM), see Matsuhira (2023).	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF90FFBB8AC2FF2AFE4AFE1F.taxon	description	Redescription. Body colour varies from pale brown to brown (Fig. 14 A, B). Head. Generally yellow with one longitudinal dark brown stripe on labrum to vertex (Fig. 14 D, E) and brown spot at posterior margin of vertex (Fig. 14 F, G). Antennae: scape and pedicel yellow. Flagellum dark brown with 22 – 26 articles covered with short setae. Thorax. Prothorax 2.3 – 4.0 mm long in males, 2.9 – 4.5 mm long in females, elongate, entirely pale brown to brown with one or two yellow spot (s) at anterior broad section. Meso- and metanotum generally brown except yellow region at anterior region of sctum and yellow scutellum. Legs. Foreleg: coxa in posterior surface generally yellow with longitudinal brown stripe from distal half to one-third, anterior surface generally yellow with longitudinal brown stripe (Fig. 14 C). Femur in posterior surface generally yellow with few brown spots, anterior surface entirely dark brown except pale spot at ventromedial region. Dark yellow femoral major process at proximal two-fifths of femur length, dark yellow posteroventral row of processes present on distal three-fifths of femur length (Fig. 14 A – C). Tibia generally yellow, gradually brown towards apex. Tarsus dark yellow to brown. Mid- and hindlegs: coxa generally dark yellow except brown spots at proximal region (Fig. 14 H). Trochanter brown. Femur generally dark yellow with longitudinal brown stripe on ventral side (Fig. 14 I). Tibia and their tarsi dark yellow, pretarsal claws with four or five apical teeth, arolium present. Wings. Forewing 7.8 – 14.5 mm long in males, 8.9 – 17.2 mm long in females, elongate, membrane hyaline, venation generally brown except pale yellow on wing base. Pterostigma brown to dark brown. Radius Anterior (RA) and Radius Posterior (RP) veins partly fused at wing apex (Fig. 14 J). Media (M) and Radius (R) veins fused along approximately basal one-quarter of wing length and M vein posteriorly retracted to Cubitus (Cu), forming small radial triangle (rt) (Fig. 14 J). Hind wing 6.9 – 12.3 mm long in males, 7.9 – 15.0 mm long in females, elongate, membrane hyaline, venation generally brown to dark brown except pale yellow on wing base region. Pterostigma brown to dark brown. RA and RP veins partly fused at wing apex (Fig. 14 K). Cubitus Posterior (CuP) entirely fused with First anal vein (A 1) at distal portion (Fig. 14 K). Abdomen. Tergite I generally brown to blackish brown. Anterotergite of tergite II generally brown to blackish brown, posterotergite generally yellow with brown to black longitudinal stripes on medial and lateral margins. Tergites III to VIII generally yellow except brown to black stripes on midline and posterior margin (Fig. 14 L). All sternites entirely brown to black or with yellow spot on middle region of sternites I to V. Male terminalia (Fig. 15 A – F). Ectoproct slightly protruding, ellipsoid, covered with fine setae. Ventromedial lobe with short and thick setae. Sternite IX subpentagonal, apex broadly rounded in ventral view, covered with fine setae. Gonostyli X sclerotised, long and thin, with spine-like apex. Gonocoxites X relatively narrow and slightly broad with small notch at apex in ventral view. Median lobe of gonocoxites XI slightly acuminate. Hypandrium internum triangular with two slightly concave sides in dorsal view. Female terminalia (Fig. 15 G – I). Gonocoxites VIII narrow, elongate, setose. Gonapophyses VIII slightly protruding, setose. Ectoproct ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Gonocoxites IX ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Spermatheca strongly coiled, base of fertilisation canal duct narrow and curved.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF90FFBB8AC2FF2AFE4AFE1F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. JAPAN: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nansei Islands (Nakanoshima Is., Amamioshima Is.); FAR EAST RUSSIA; SOUTH KOREA; P. R. CHINA.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF90FFBB8AC2FF2AFE4AFE1F.taxon	discussion	Comments. Matsumura (1907) briefly described M. diminuta based on body colouration and length. Miyake (1910) translated this Japanese description into English as follows: “ Allied to Mantispa japonica, but smaller, antennae blackish fuscous, the basal part yellow; T-shaped blackish fuscous mark on the vertex, occiput dark fuscous; legs yellowish white; body length 8 mm; expanse 22 mm. ” However, Miyake (1910) raised concerns regarding the validity of this species based on a brief description without detailed morphological information, whereas Okamoto (1910, 1911) suggested that M. diminuta is a different species from M. japonica. In contrast, Nakahara (1912, 1913) disagreed and stated that there were no discernible morphological differences between M. diminuta and M. japonica, concluding that M. diminuta is synonymous with M. japonica. Finally, Kuwayama (1925 a) identified M. diminuta as a subspecies of M. japonica, distinguishing it from M. japonica based on the following morphological features: “ In diminuta, the dilated anterior portion is mostly brownish and not clearly margined with a dark brownish band, but only with the ground colour, and also licking or slightly showing the yellowish band, the size is smaller than that of the latter species [quot- ed from the original text of Kuwayama (1925 a)]. ” Unfortunately, we could not locate a type specimen for M. diminuta. However, we found another specimen in the collection of the Systematic Entomology, Hokkaido University, which Dr. Satoru Kuwayama identified as M. japonica diminuta from Gifu Prefecture, central Honshu (Fig. 16). Notably, this specimen is characterised by a small body size and pale colour of the head and prothorax (Fig. 16 A – E), similar to M. diminuta. Nevertheless, these minor differences are not enough to differentiate it from the type specimen as a distinct subspecies. Therefore, we propose that M. j. diminuta is a junior synonym of M. japonica. (insertion of Figs 17, 18)	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF92FFBB8857FE07FCB1FAAC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Nansei Islands: 1 female, 3 May 2023, Kunigamison-shinrin-koen, Hentona, Kunigami-son, Okinawajima Is., Okinawa, T. Shinohara and N. Namai leg.; 1 ex, 16 June 2023, same locality and collector; 1 ex, 13 September 2023, same locality and collector; 1 male, 27 April 2019, Takeda, Ishigakijima Is., Okinawa, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH-N 000009473); 1 male, 4 – 6 April 1995, Funaura, Iriomotejima Is., Okinawa, T. Saito leg. (MPIM- 4207); 2 females, 24 July 1995, same locality and collector (MPIM- 4198, 4199); 3 males, 4 females, 25 July 1995, same locality and collector (MPIM- 4193 – 7, 4208, 4209); 2 males, 6 females, 2 July 1997, Shirahama-rindo, Iriomotejima Is., Okinawa, T. Saito leg. (MPIM- 4200 – 6, N 010); 1 male, 20 October 2017, Ohtomi, Iriomotejima Is., Okinawa, H. Ohishi leg. (OMNH).	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF92FFBB8857FE07FCB1FAAC.taxon	description	Redescription. Head. Generally yellow with one longitudinal black stripe from labrum to vertex and a dark brown spot at posterior margin of vertex (Fig. 17 C, D). Antennae: scape yellow, pedicel brown. Flagellum dark brown with 24 – 29 articles covered with short setae. Thorax. Prothorax 2.3 – 3.3 mm long in males, 2.5 – 4.1 mm long in females, elongate, entirely brown to dark brown with one or two yellow spot (s) at anterior broad section. Meso- and metanotum generally blackish brown except yellow region at anterior margin of scutum and yellow scutellum. Legs. Foreleg: coxa with posterior surface generally yellow with longitudinal brown stripe from distal half to one-third; anterior surface generally yellow with longitudinal brown stripe (Fig. 17 B). Femur posterior surface generally yellow with few brown spots, anterior surface entirely dark brown. Yellow femoral major process at proximal two-fifths of profemur length, yellow posteroventral row of processes present on distal three-fifths of profemur length (Fig. 17 B). Tibia generally yellow, gradually brown towards apex. Tarsus brown to dark brown. Mid- and hindlegs: coxa entirely dark brown (Fig. 17 E). Trochanter dark yellow. Femur to their tarsi yellow to dark yellow, pretarsal claws with three or four apical teeth, arolium present. Wings. Forewing 7.6 – 11.0 mm long in males, 9.0 – 12.6 mm long in females, elongate, membrane hyaline, venation generally dark brown except yellow on wing base. Pterostigma dark brown. Radius Anterior (RA) and Radius Posterior (RP) partly fused at wing apex (Fig. 17 F). Media (M) and Radius (R) fused along approximately basal one-quarter of wing length, M vein posteriorly retracted to Cubitus (Cu), forming small radial triangle (rt) (Fig. 17 F). Hind wing 6.5 – 9.1 mm long in males, 7.0 – 10.5 mm long in females, elongate, membrane hyaline, venation generally dark brown except yellow on wing base. Pterostigma dark brown. RA and RP veins partly fused at wing apex (Fig. 17 G). Cubitus Posterior (CuP) entirely fused with First anal vein (A 1) at distal portion (Fig. 17 G). Abdomen. Tergite I generally yellow with black spot at dorsal region. Anterotergite of tergite II generally black with yellow stripe at anterior margin, posterotergite generally black with yellow stripe at lateral margins. Tergites III to V with triangular black spot, yellow on anterior regions (Fig. 17 H). Tergites VI to VIII generally yellow with black stripe at posterior margins. Sternites I and II entirely black. Sternites III to VII generally yellow with black stripe at posterior margins. Male terminalia (Fig. 18 A – F). Ectoproct slightly protruding, ellipsoid, covered with fine setae. Ventromedial lobe with short and thick setae. Sternite IX subpentagonal, apex broadly rounded in ventral view, covered with fine setae. Gonostyli X sclerotised, long and thin, with spine-like apex. Gonocoxites X relatively narrow and slightly broad with small notch at apex in ventral view. Median lobe of gonocoxites XI slightly acuminate. Hypandrium internum short, triangular with slightly concave sides in dorsal view. Female terminalia (Fig. 18 G – I). Gonocoxites VIII narrow, small, setose. Gonapophyses VIII slightly protruding, small, setose. Ectoproct ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Gonocoxites IX ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Spermatheca strongly coiled, base of fertilisation canal duct narrow, curved, diverticulum (dv) present.	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
A03C326FFF92FFBB8857FE07FCB1FAAC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. JAPAN: Nansei Islands (Okinawajima Is., Ishigakijima Is., Iriomotejima Is.); TAIWAN; P. R. CHINA (?).	en	Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei (2024): Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan. Species Diversity 29 (2): 209-234, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.29.209, URL: https://doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.29.209
