taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
FB2E92898A0C51D98BB7686D72BBD103.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676583	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure1	Figure 1. Isotype of Selaginella anemosyra Valdespino. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum, A. Fendler 493, B.	Figure 1. Isotype of Selaginella anemosyra Valdespino. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum, A. Fendler 493, B.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
FB2E92898A0C51D98BB7686D72BBD103.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676584	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure2	Figure 2. Selaginella anemosyra Valdespino. A. Median leaf, upper surface; B. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) and margins (c); C. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and submarginally along the proximal portion of the outer margin (b); D. Close-up of the mid-section of the median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), quadrangular or elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (b), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate cells (c); E. Lateral leaf, upper surface; F. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface; G. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface; note the ligule (a); H. Close-up of the mid-section of the lateral leaf, upper surface. A – H from Ll. Williams & A. H. G. Alston 172, US.	Figure 2. Selaginella anemosyra Valdespino. A. Median leaf, upper surface; B. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) and margins (c); C. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and submarginally along the proximal portion of the outer margin (b); D. Close-up of the mid-section of the median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), quadrangular or elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (b), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate cells (c); E. Lateral leaf, upper surface; F. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface; G. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface; note the ligule (a); H. Close-up of the mid-section of the lateral leaf, upper surface. A – H from Ll. Williams & A. H. G. Alston 172, US.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
FB2E92898A0C51D98BB7686D72BBD103.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676585	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure3	Figure 3. Selaginella anemosyra Valdespino. A. Lateral leaf, lower surface; B. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (b), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (c); C. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata and features of the leaf lamina as in B; D. Close-up of the mid-section of the lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata and features of the leaf lamina as in B; E. Median leaf, lower surface; F. Leaf along the main stem before branching, upper surface; G. Dorsal sporophyll, upper surface; showing half of the lamina that imbricates with the ventral sporophyll (a), lower surface of the sporophylls (b), stomata along the midrib (c), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (d); H. Dorsal sporophylls, lower surface; note the ligule (a). A – H from Ll. Williams & A. H. G. Alston 172, US.	Figure 3. Selaginella anemosyra Valdespino. A. Lateral leaf, lower surface; B. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (b), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (c); C. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata and features of the leaf lamina as in B; D. Close-up of the mid-section of the lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata and features of the leaf lamina as in B; E. Median leaf, lower surface; F. Leaf along the main stem before branching, upper surface; G. Dorsal sporophyll, upper surface; showing half of the lamina that imbricates with the ventral sporophyll (a), lower surface of the sporophylls (b), stomata along the midrib (c), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (d); H. Dorsal sporophylls, lower surface; note the ligule (a). A – H from Ll. Williams & A. H. G. Alston 172, US.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
FB2E92898A0C51D98BB7686D72BBD103.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676586	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure4	Figure 4. Selaginella anemosyra Valdespino. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); C. Microspore, proximal face; D. Megaspore, distal face; E. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same spore as in D); F. Microspore, distal face. A – F from R. W. Long & K. J. Norstog 3547, MO.	Figure 4. Selaginella anemosyra Valdespino. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); C. Microspore, proximal face; D. Megaspore, distal face; E. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same spore as in D); F. Microspore, distal face. A – F from R. W. Long & K. J. Norstog 3547, MO.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
9A64B7E90FC45A079AB52B0ED6892626.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676587	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure5	Figure 5. Holotype of Selaginella cataniapensis Valdespino. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the University of California, A. Fernández et al. 6397, UC.	Figure 5. Holotype of Selaginella cataniapensis Valdespino. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the University of California, A. Fernández et al. 6397, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
9A64B7E90FC45A079AB52B0ED6892626.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676588	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure6	Figure 6. Selaginella cataniapensis Valdespino. A. Lateral leaf, upper surface; B. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); C. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); D. Close-up of the mid-section of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); E. Lateral leaf, lower surface; F. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata (a) and submarginal, straight-walled idioblasts (b); G. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata (a) and submarginal, straight-walled idioblasts (b); H. Close-up of mid-section of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata (a). A – H from the holotype, A. Fernández et al. 6397, UC.	Figure 6. Selaginella cataniapensis Valdespino. A. Lateral leaf, upper surface; B. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); C. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); D. Close-up of the mid-section of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); E. Lateral leaf, lower surface; F. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata (a) and submarginal, straight-walled idioblasts (b); G. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata (a) and submarginal, straight-walled idioblasts (b); H. Close-up of mid-section of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata (a). A – H from the holotype, A. Fernández et al. 6397, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
9A64B7E90FC45A079AB52B0ED6892626.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676589	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure7	Figure 7. Selaginella cataniapensis Valdespino. A. Median leaf, upper surface; B. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note stomata (a) along the midrib and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) and submarginally (c); C. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note stomata along the midrib and idioblasts as in B; D. Median leaf, lower surface; E. Lateral leaf from the main stem below the first branches, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on acroscopic half of the lamina (b), and similar idioblasts submarginally (c); F. Close-up of the lateral leaf, distal portion, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata and idioblasts on leaf lamina and margins as in E. A – F from the holotype, A. Fernández et al. 6397, UC.	Figure 7. Selaginella cataniapensis Valdespino. A. Median leaf, upper surface; B. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note stomata (a) along the midrib and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) and submarginally (c); C. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note stomata along the midrib and idioblasts as in B; D. Median leaf, lower surface; E. Lateral leaf from the main stem below the first branches, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on acroscopic half of the lamina (b), and similar idioblasts submarginally (c); F. Close-up of the lateral leaf, distal portion, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata and idioblasts on leaf lamina and margins as in E. A – F from the holotype, A. Fernández et al. 6397, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
9A64B7E90FC45A079AB52B0ED6892626.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676590	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure8	Figure 8. Selaginella cataniapensis Valdespino. A. Close-up of the median leaf, upper surface; note elongate to quadrangular, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (a); B. Close-up of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note elongate to quadrangular, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (a) and the cell margins bordered by pit-like structures (b); C. Close-up of the lateral leaf, upper surface; D. Close-up of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in C); note cell margins bordered by pit-like structures (a); E. Close-up of the lateral leaf, lower surface; F. Close-up of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (a) and the cell margins bordered by pit-like structures (b). A – F from the holotype, A. Fernández et al. 6397, UC.	Figure 8. Selaginella cataniapensis Valdespino. A. Close-up of the median leaf, upper surface; note elongate to quadrangular, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (a); B. Close-up of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note elongate to quadrangular, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (a) and the cell margins bordered by pit-like structures (b); C. Close-up of the lateral leaf, upper surface; D. Close-up of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in C); note cell margins bordered by pit-like structures (a); E. Close-up of the lateral leaf, lower surface; F. Close-up of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (a) and the cell margins bordered by pit-like structures (b). A – F from the holotype, A. Fernández et al. 6397, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
9A64B7E90FC45A079AB52B0ED6892626.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676591	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure9	Figure 9. Selaginella cataniapensis Valdespino. A. Axillary leaf, lower surface; note submarginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (a); B. Axillary leaf, upper surface. A, B from a paratype, A. Castillo 2046, MO.	Figure 9. Selaginella cataniapensis Valdespino. A. Axillary leaf, lower surface; note submarginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (a); B. Axillary leaf, upper surface. A, B from a paratype, A. Castillo 2046, MO.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
9A64B7E90FC45A079AB52B0ED6892626.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676592	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure10	Figure 10. Selaginella cataniapensis Valdespino. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); C. Microspore, proximal face; D. Megaspore, distal-equatorial face; E. Close-up of the megaspore, distal-equatorial face (same spore as in D); F. Microspore, distal face. A – F from the paratype, E. Foldats & J. Velazco 9188, UC.	Figure 10. Selaginella cataniapensis Valdespino. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); C. Microspore, proximal face; D. Megaspore, distal-equatorial face; E. Close-up of the megaspore, distal-equatorial face (same spore as in D); F. Microspore, distal face. A – F from the paratype, E. Foldats & J. Velazco 9188, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
2F5973DF90495FE6BBD0535DCBAFAA57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676593	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure11	Figure 11. Holotype of Selaginella cultellifolia Valdespino & C. López. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, J. Betancur et al. 10209, NY.	Figure 11. Holotype of Selaginella cultellifolia Valdespino & C. López. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, J. Betancur et al. 10209, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
2F5973DF90495FE6BBD0535DCBAFAA57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676594	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure12	Figure 12. Selaginella cultellifolia Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Median leaf, upper surface; C. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), quadrangular to rounded, papillate cells on the leaf lamina (b) and marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (c); D. Close-up of the proximal portion and the inner base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note cells as in C; E. Close-up of the mid-section of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a) and quadrangular to rounded, papillate cells (b); F. Close-up of the proximal, outer base section of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note submarginal to marginal stomata (a) and quadrangular to rounded and papillate cells (b); G. Median leaf, lower surface; note submarginal stomata (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblast along margins (b), and the ligule (c); H. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves. A – H from the holotype, J. Betancur et al. 10209, NY.	Figure 12. Selaginella cultellifolia Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Median leaf, upper surface; C. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), quadrangular to rounded, papillate cells on the leaf lamina (b) and marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (c); D. Close-up of the proximal portion and the inner base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note cells as in C; E. Close-up of the mid-section of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a) and quadrangular to rounded, papillate cells (b); F. Close-up of the proximal, outer base section of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note submarginal to marginal stomata (a) and quadrangular to rounded and papillate cells (b); G. Median leaf, lower surface; note submarginal stomata (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblast along margins (b), and the ligule (c); H. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves. A – H from the holotype, J. Betancur et al. 10209, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
2F5973DF90495FE6BBD0535DCBAFAA57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676595	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure13	Figure 13. Selaginella cultellifolia Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary (c) leaves; B. Lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) and margins (c), and long-ciliate acroscopic margin (d); C. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on leaf lamina (b), and along the acroscopic margin (c); D. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata, idioblasts on cell lamina and on the acroscopic margins, and marginal cilia as in B; E. Close-up of the mid-section of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b); F. Lateral leaf, upper surface; G. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in F); H. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in F); note quadrangular, papillate cells on the leaf lamina (a) and the ligule (b) at base. A – H from the holotype, J. Betancur et al. 10209, NY.	Figure 13. Selaginella cultellifolia Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary (c) leaves; B. Lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) and margins (c), and long-ciliate acroscopic margin (d); C. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on leaf lamina (b), and along the acroscopic margin (c); D. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata, idioblasts on cell lamina and on the acroscopic margins, and marginal cilia as in B; E. Close-up of the mid-section of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b); F. Lateral leaf, upper surface; G. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in F); H. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in F); note quadrangular, papillate cells on the leaf lamina (a) and the ligule (b) at base. A – H from the holotype, J. Betancur et al. 10209, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
2F5973DF90495FE6BBD0535DCBAFAA57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676596	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure14	Figure 14. Selaginella cultellifolia Valdespino & C. López. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); C. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same face as B); D. Tetrad of microspores, equatorial and distal faces; E. Megaspore, distal face; F. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same spore as in E); G. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same face as F); H. Microspore, distal face. A – H from the holotype, J. Betancur et al. 10209, NY.	Figure 14. Selaginella cultellifolia Valdespino & C. López. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); C. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same face as B); D. Tetrad of microspores, equatorial and distal faces; E. Megaspore, distal face; F. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same spore as in E); G. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same face as F); H. Microspore, distal face. A – H from the holotype, J. Betancur et al. 10209, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
23909D67BB5D591692BC292905B6ECB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676597	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure15	Figure 15. Holotype of Selaginella guaramacalensis Valdespino & C. López. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the University of California, N. Cuello et al. 1298, UC.	Figure 15. Holotype of Selaginella guaramacalensis Valdespino & C. López. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the University of California, N. Cuello et al. 1298, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
23909D67BB5D591692BC292905B6ECB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676598	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure16	Figure 16. Selaginella guaramacalensis Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Median leaf, upper surface; C. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), quadrangular and papillate cells on leaf lamina (b), and distal, marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (c); D. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note quadrangular and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (a), and outer base tufted with long cilia (b); E. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary (c) leaves; F. Lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts throughout the lamina surface (b) and along acroscopic margin (c); G. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note stomata and idioblasts as in F; H. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note stomata and idioblasts as in F. A – H from the holotype, N. Cuello et al. 1298, UC.	Figure 16. Selaginella guaramacalensis Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Median leaf, upper surface; C. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), quadrangular and papillate cells on leaf lamina (b), and distal, marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (c); D. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note quadrangular and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (a), and outer base tufted with long cilia (b); E. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary (c) leaves; F. Lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts throughout the lamina surface (b) and along acroscopic margin (c); G. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note stomata and idioblasts as in F; H. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note stomata and idioblasts as in F. A – H from the holotype, N. Cuello et al. 1298, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
23909D67BB5D591692BC292905B6ECB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676599	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure17	Figure 17. Selaginella guaramacalensis Valdespino & C. López. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); C. Microspore, proximal face; D. Megaspore, distal face; E. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same spore as in D); F. Microspore, distal face. A – F from the holotype, N. Cuello et al. 1298, UC.	Figure 17. Selaginella guaramacalensis Valdespino & C. López. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); C. Microspore, proximal face; D. Megaspore, distal face; E. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same spore as in D); F. Microspore, distal face. A – F from the holotype, N. Cuello et al. 1298, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
66222D05310C5CE48B0E29D3329C2F3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676600	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure18	Figure 18. Holotype of Selaginella liesneri Valdespino. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the University of California, R. L. Liesner & B. L. Stannard 16882, UC.	Figure 18. Holotype of Selaginella liesneri Valdespino. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the University of California, R. L. Liesner & B. L. Stannard 16882, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
66222D05310C5CE48B0E29D3329C2F3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676601	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure19	Figure 19. Selaginella liesneri Valdespino. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary (c) leaves; B. Close-up of a section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; C. Median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), quadrangular to rounded, sinuate-walled cells on leaf lamina (b), and marginal, elongate, straight-walled, papillate idioblasts (c), and long cilia along the inner margin (d); D. Median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib, cells on the leaf lamina, and marginal idioblasts as in C, marginal to submarginal stomata along the proximal, outer margin (a), and tufted hairs on the outer base (b); E. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the distal portion of the midrib (a), and quadrangular and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (b); F. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface; note submarginal to marginal stomata along the proximal 1 / 3 of the outer margin (a), cells on the leaf lamina (b) as in E, and the outer base tufted with long cilia (c); G. Close-up of the mid-section of the median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and quadrangular and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (b) (same leaf as in E); H. Median leaf, lower surface; note quadrangular to elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (a), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts along the proximal, outer, marginal and submarginal portion of the leaf lamina (b). A – H from the holotype, R. L. Liesner & B. L. Stannard 16882, UC.	Figure 19. Selaginella liesneri Valdespino. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary (c) leaves; B. Close-up of a section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; C. Median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), quadrangular to rounded, sinuate-walled cells on leaf lamina (b), and marginal, elongate, straight-walled, papillate idioblasts (c), and long cilia along the inner margin (d); D. Median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib, cells on the leaf lamina, and marginal idioblasts as in C, marginal to submarginal stomata along the proximal, outer margin (a), and tufted hairs on the outer base (b); E. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the distal portion of the midrib (a), and quadrangular and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (b); F. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface; note submarginal to marginal stomata along the proximal 1 / 3 of the outer margin (a), cells on the leaf lamina (b) as in E, and the outer base tufted with long cilia (c); G. Close-up of the mid-section of the median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and quadrangular and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (b) (same leaf as in E); H. Median leaf, lower surface; note quadrangular to elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (a), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts along the proximal, outer, marginal and submarginal portion of the leaf lamina (b). A – H from the holotype, R. L. Liesner & B. L. Stannard 16882, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
66222D05310C5CE48B0E29D3329C2F3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676602	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure20	Figure 20. Selaginella liesneri Valdespino. A. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary (c) leaves; C. Close-up of a section of the stem, lower surface; note leaves as in A; D. Lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) and marginally to submarginally (c); E. Lateral leaf, lower surface; F. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b), and marginally to submarginally (c) (same leaf as in E); G. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface; note idioblasts on the leaf lamina and margins as in E; H. Close-up of the mid-section of the lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata along midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) (same leaf as in E). A – H from the holotype, R. L. Liesner & B. L. Stannard, 16882, UC.	Figure 20. Selaginella liesneri Valdespino. A. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary (c) leaves; C. Close-up of a section of the stem, lower surface; note leaves as in A; D. Lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) and marginally to submarginally (c); E. Lateral leaf, lower surface; F. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b), and marginally to submarginally (c) (same leaf as in E); G. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface; note idioblasts on the leaf lamina and margins as in E; H. Close-up of the mid-section of the lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata along midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) (same leaf as in E). A – H from the holotype, R. L. Liesner & B. L. Stannard, 16882, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
66222D05310C5CE48B0E29D3329C2F3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676603	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure21	Figure 21. Selaginella liesneri Valdespino. A. Dorsal sporophyll, upper surface, note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b); B. Dorsal sporophyll, lower surface; C. Ventral sporophyll, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the sporophyll lamina (b) and along the margin (c); D. Ventral sporophyll, lower surface; note ligule (a). A – D from the holotype, R. L. Liesner & B. L. Stannard, 16882, UC.	Figure 21. Selaginella liesneri Valdespino. A. Dorsal sporophyll, upper surface, note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b); B. Dorsal sporophyll, lower surface; C. Ventral sporophyll, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the sporophyll lamina (b) and along the margin (c); D. Ventral sporophyll, lower surface; note ligule (a). A – D from the holotype, R. L. Liesner & B. L. Stannard, 16882, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
66222D05310C5CE48B0E29D3329C2F3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676604	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure22	Figure 22. Selaginella liesneri Valdespino. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); C. Microspore, equatorial-proximal face; D. Megaspore, distal face; E. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same spore as in D); F. Microspore, distal face. A – D from the holotype, R. L. Liesner & B. L. Stannard 16882, UC.	Figure 22. Selaginella liesneri Valdespino. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); C. Microspore, equatorial-proximal face; D. Megaspore, distal face; E. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same spore as in D); F. Microspore, distal face. A – D from the holotype, R. L. Liesner & B. L. Stannard 16882, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
ACCB3800C751581BB6A2E6D42667E5CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676605	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure23	Figure 23. Holotype of Selaginella mawarinumensis Valdespino & C. López. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, J. M. Beitel 85205, NY.	Figure 23. Holotype of Selaginella mawarinumensis Valdespino & C. López. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, J. M. Beitel 85205, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
ACCB3800C751581BB6A2E6D42667E5CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676606	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure24	Figure 24. Selaginella mawarinumensis Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Median leaves, upper surface; C. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), rounded, quadrangular to rectangular, sinuate-walled, and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (b), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts along the margins (c); D. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a) and submarginally on the proximal portion of the outer leaf half (b), rounded, quadrangular to rectangular, and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (c), marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (d), and tufted hairs on the outer base (e); E. Median leaf, upper surface; note tooth-like hairs (a) along the proximal portion of the arista; F. Close-up of the inner half of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note rounded, quadrangular to rectangular, and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (a), and marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b); G. Close-up of the outer half of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note submarginal stomata on the proximal portion of the outer leaf half (a), and cells on the leaf lamina and marginal idioblasts as in F; H. Close-up of median leaf, upper surface; note rounded, quadrangular to rectangular, papillate cells on the leaf lamina. A – H from the holotype, J. M. Beitel 85205, NY.	Figure 24. Selaginella mawarinumensis Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Median leaves, upper surface; C. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), rounded, quadrangular to rectangular, sinuate-walled, and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (b), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts along the margins (c); D. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a) and submarginally on the proximal portion of the outer leaf half (b), rounded, quadrangular to rectangular, and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (c), marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (d), and tufted hairs on the outer base (e); E. Median leaf, upper surface; note tooth-like hairs (a) along the proximal portion of the arista; F. Close-up of the inner half of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note rounded, quadrangular to rectangular, and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (a), and marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b); G. Close-up of the outer half of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note submarginal stomata on the proximal portion of the outer leaf half (a), and cells on the leaf lamina and marginal idioblasts as in F; H. Close-up of median leaf, upper surface; note rounded, quadrangular to rectangular, papillate cells on the leaf lamina. A – H from the holotype, J. M. Beitel 85205, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
ACCB3800C751581BB6A2E6D42667E5CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676607	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure25	Figure 25. Selaginella mawarinumensis Valdespino & C. López. A. Median leaf, lower surface; note marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (a); B. Close-up of the middle portion of the outer half of the median leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in A); note outer margin as in A; C. Close-up of the mid-section of the median leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in A); note distal 1 / 2 of inner margin with idioblasts as in A; D. Axillary leaf (a) and portions of the lateral leaves (b), lower surface; note the axillary leaf with stomata along the midrib (c), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (d) and similar idioblasts on the margins (e), and long-ciliate margins along the proximal half of the leaf lamina (f). A – D from the holotype, J. M. Beitel 85205, NY.	Figure 25. Selaginella mawarinumensis Valdespino & C. López. A. Median leaf, lower surface; note marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (a); B. Close-up of the middle portion of the outer half of the median leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in A); note outer margin as in A; C. Close-up of the mid-section of the median leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in A); note distal 1 / 2 of inner margin with idioblasts as in A; D. Axillary leaf (a) and portions of the lateral leaves (b), lower surface; note the axillary leaf with stomata along the midrib (c), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (d) and similar idioblasts on the margins (e), and long-ciliate margins along the proximal half of the leaf lamina (f). A – D from the holotype, J. M. Beitel 85205, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
ACCB3800C751581BB6A2E6D42667E5CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676608	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure26	Figure 26. Selaginella mawarinumensis Valdespino & C. López. A. Lateral leaf, upper surface; B. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note rounded, quadrangular to rectangular, and papillate (a) and laevigate (b) cells; C. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note rounded, quadrangular to rectangular, and papillate (a) and laevigate (b) cells, long cilia along the acroscopic margin (c), and the ligule (d); D. Close-up of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note rounded, quadrangular to rectangular, sinuate-walled, and papillate cells; E. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary (c) leaves; F. Lateral leaf, lower surface; G. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b), and similar idioblasts on the margins (c); H. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note stomata, cells on the leaf lamina, and margins as in G, and long-ciliate acroscopic margins along the proximal portion of the lamina (a). A – H from the holotype, J. M. Beitel 85205, NY.	Figure 26. Selaginella mawarinumensis Valdespino & C. López. A. Lateral leaf, upper surface; B. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note rounded, quadrangular to rectangular, and papillate (a) and laevigate (b) cells; C. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note rounded, quadrangular to rectangular, and papillate (a) and laevigate (b) cells, long cilia along the acroscopic margin (c), and the ligule (d); D. Close-up of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note rounded, quadrangular to rectangular, sinuate-walled, and papillate cells; E. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary (c) leaves; F. Lateral leaf, lower surface; G. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b), and similar idioblasts on the margins (c); H. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note stomata, cells on the leaf lamina, and margins as in G, and long-ciliate acroscopic margins along the proximal portion of the lamina (a). A – H from the holotype, J. M. Beitel 85205, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
39C4EC0F644F52AB8E648CD97979FEDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676609	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure27	Figure 27. Isotype of Selaginella monoloba A. R. Sm. ex C. López, Valdespino & Mostacero. Digitized image, courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama, Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, T. B. Croat 21688, NY.	Figure 27. Isotype of Selaginella monoloba A. R. Sm. ex C. López, Valdespino & Mostacero. Digitized image, courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama, Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, T. B. Croat 21688, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
39C4EC0F644F52AB8E648CD97979FEDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676610	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure28	Figure 28. Line drawing of an isotype of Selaginella monoloba A. R. Sm. ex C. López, Valdespino & Mostacero. A. Habit; B. Section of the stem, lower surface; showing lateral and axillary leaves and stem articulation; C. Section of the stem, upper surface; D. Section of the stem, lower surface; E. Median leaf, general view; F. Terminal branch with strobili; G. Megaspore, distal face. Drawing by the late Bruno Manara and digitized by Julian Mostacero G., both at VEN; T. B. Croat 21688, VEN.	Figure 28. Line drawing of an isotype of Selaginella monoloba A. R. Sm. ex C. López, Valdespino & Mostacero. A. Habit; B. Section of the stem, lower surface; showing lateral and axillary leaves and stem articulation; C. Section of the stem, upper surface; D. Section of the stem, lower surface; E. Median leaf, general view; F. Terminal branch with strobili; G. Megaspore, distal face. Drawing by the late Bruno Manara and digitized by Julian Mostacero G., both at VEN; T. B. Croat 21688, VEN.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
39C4EC0F644F52AB8E648CD97979FEDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676611	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure29	Figure 29. Selaginella monoloba A. R. Sm. ex C. López, Valdespino & Mostacero. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Median leaves (a) and lateral leaves (b), upper surface; note the median leaf large outer auricle (c) and reduced inner auricle (d); C. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf (same leaf as in B), upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and submarginally on the leaf lamina (b), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (c) and tooth-like hairs on the arista (d); D. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a) and submarginally (b) on the large, outer auricle (c), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (d) and auricle (e); E. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; F. Close-up of a stem section showing the mid to proximal portion and bases of lateral leaves (same leaves as in E), lower surface; note geniculate to auriculate basiscopic bases (a) on lateral leaves; G. Close-up of the distal and apical portion of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata along the midrib (a) and submedially to submarginally (b) on the leaf lamina, and elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (c); H. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata as in G, rounded acroscopic base (a) and geniculate to auriculate basiscopic base (b), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the proximal-median portion of the acroscopic base (c). A – H from the isotype, T. B. Croat 21688, NY.	Figure 29. Selaginella monoloba A. R. Sm. ex C. López, Valdespino & Mostacero. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Median leaves (a) and lateral leaves (b), upper surface; note the median leaf large outer auricle (c) and reduced inner auricle (d); C. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf (same leaf as in B), upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and submarginally on the leaf lamina (b), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (c) and tooth-like hairs on the arista (d); D. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a) and submarginally (b) on the large, outer auricle (c), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (d) and auricle (e); E. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; F. Close-up of a stem section showing the mid to proximal portion and bases of lateral leaves (same leaves as in E), lower surface; note geniculate to auriculate basiscopic bases (a) on lateral leaves; G. Close-up of the distal and apical portion of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata along the midrib (a) and submedially to submarginally (b) on the leaf lamina, and elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (c); H. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata as in G, rounded acroscopic base (a) and geniculate to auriculate basiscopic base (b), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the proximal-median portion of the acroscopic base (c). A – H from the isotype, T. B. Croat 21688, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
39C4EC0F644F52AB8E648CD97979FEDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676612	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure30	Figure 30. Selaginella monoloba A. R. Sm. ex C. López, Valdespino & Mostacero. A. Lateral leaf, upper surface; B. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note basiscopic, submarginal stomata (a); C. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note the rounded, acroscopic base (a) and geniculate to auriculate basiscopic base (b); D. Close-up of the basiscopic half of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note submarginal stomata (a) and rectangular to elongate, sinuate-walled laevigate cells on the leaf lamina (b); E. Lateral leaf, lower surface; F. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata along the midrib (a) and throughout the leaf lamina (b); G. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); H. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E and G); note elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the proximal-median portion of the acroscopic base (a). A – H from the isotype, T. B. Croat 21688, NY.	Figure 30. Selaginella monoloba A. R. Sm. ex C. López, Valdespino & Mostacero. A. Lateral leaf, upper surface; B. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note basiscopic, submarginal stomata (a); C. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note the rounded, acroscopic base (a) and geniculate to auriculate basiscopic base (b); D. Close-up of the basiscopic half of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note submarginal stomata (a) and rectangular to elongate, sinuate-walled laevigate cells on the leaf lamina (b); E. Lateral leaf, lower surface; F. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata along the midrib (a) and throughout the leaf lamina (b); G. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); H. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E and G); note elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the proximal-median portion of the acroscopic base (a). A – H from the isotype, T. B. Croat 21688, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
39C4EC0F644F52AB8E648CD97979FEDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676613	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure31	Figure 31. Selaginella monoloba A. R. Sm. ex C. López, Valdespino & Mostacero. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); C. Microspore, proximal face; D. Megaspore, distal face; E. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same spore as in D); F. Microspore, distal face. A – F from the isotype, T. B. Croat 21688, NY.	Figure 31. Selaginella monoloba A. R. Sm. ex C. López, Valdespino & Mostacero. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); C. Microspore, proximal face; D. Megaspore, distal face; E. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same spore as in D); F. Microspore, distal face. A – F from the isotype, T. B. Croat 21688, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
B0909F654B5B5F50A2623AFDB329ED47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676614	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure32	Figure 32. Holotype of Selaginella mostaceroi Valdespino & C. López. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama, Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, R. L. Liesner & A. González 10406, NY.	Figure 32. Holotype of Selaginella mostaceroi Valdespino & C. López. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama, Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, R. L. Liesner & A. González 10406, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
B0909F654B5B5F50A2623AFDB329ED47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676615	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure33	Figure 33. Selaginella mostaceroi Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b); C. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), roundish, rectangular to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and laevigate (b) and papillate (c) cells, and marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (d); D. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), roundish, rectangular to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and laevigate (b) and papillate (c) cells, marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (d), and long cilia near the outer base (e); E. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a) and axillary (b) leaves; F. Lateral leaf, lower surface; note elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (a) and marginally (b), and long cilia along the proximal-most portion of the basiscopic base (c); G. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note idioblasts as described in F; H. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note idioblasts as described in F; I. Lateral leaf, upper surface; note the ligule (a); J. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in I); note rounded, rectangular to quadrangular, laevigate cells (a) and rounded to quadrangular, papillate cells submarginally near the basiscopic margin (b); K. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in I); note rounded, rectangular to quadrangular, laevigate cells (a) and rounded to quadrangular, papillate cells submarginally near the basiscopic margin (b); elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (c), and fan-shaped ligule (d); L. Median leaf, lower surface; note fan-shaped ligule at the base (a). A – L from the holotype, R. L. Liesner & A. González 10406, NY.	Figure 33. Selaginella mostaceroi Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b); C. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), roundish, rectangular to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and laevigate (b) and papillate (c) cells, and marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (d); D. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), roundish, rectangular to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and laevigate (b) and papillate (c) cells, marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (d), and long cilia near the outer base (e); E. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a) and axillary (b) leaves; F. Lateral leaf, lower surface; note elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (a) and marginally (b), and long cilia along the proximal-most portion of the basiscopic base (c); G. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note idioblasts as described in F; H. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note idioblasts as described in F; I. Lateral leaf, upper surface; note the ligule (a); J. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in I); note rounded, rectangular to quadrangular, laevigate cells (a) and rounded to quadrangular, papillate cells submarginally near the basiscopic margin (b); K. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in I); note rounded, rectangular to quadrangular, laevigate cells (a) and rounded to quadrangular, papillate cells submarginally near the basiscopic margin (b); elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (c), and fan-shaped ligule (d); L. Median leaf, lower surface; note fan-shaped ligule at the base (a). A – L from the holotype, R. L. Liesner & A. González 10406, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
B0909F654B5B5F50A2623AFDB329ED47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676616	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure34	Figure 34. Selaginella mostaceroi Valdespino & C. López. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); C. Microspore, proximal face; D. Megaspore, distal face; E. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same spore as in D); F. Microspore, distal face. A – F from the holotype, R. L. Liesner & A. González 10406, NY.	Figure 34. Selaginella mostaceroi Valdespino & C. López. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); C. Microspore, proximal face; D. Megaspore, distal face; E. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same spore as in D); F. Microspore, distal face. A – F from the holotype, R. L. Liesner & A. González 10406, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
5F17A5D7DADF5BFE8F4E5F6DB6868B48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676617	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure35	Figure 35. Holotype of Selaginella plagiochiloides Valdespino & C. López. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley, J. M. Beitel 85229, UC.	Figure 35. Holotype of Selaginella plagiochiloides Valdespino & C. López. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley, J. M. Beitel 85229, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
5F17A5D7DADF5BFE8F4E5F6DB6868B48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676618	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure36	Figure 36. Selaginella plagiochiloides Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Median leaf, upper surface; C. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), rounded to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (b), and marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (c); D. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata, cells on leaf lamina, and margins as in C; E. Lateral leaf, upper surface; note elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts over the midrib (a); F. Close-up of distal portion of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note rounded to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and laevigate (a) and papillate cells (b) on the leaf lamina, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (c), and submarginal tooth-like hairs (d); G. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note marginal stomata along basiscopic margin (a), rounded to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and laevigate (b) and papillate (c) cells, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf acroscopic margin (d), and submarginal tooth-like hairs (e); H. Close-up of mid-section of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note leaf lamina cells as in G. A – H from the holotype, J. M. Beitel 85229, UC.	Figure 36. Selaginella plagiochiloides Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Median leaf, upper surface; C. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), rounded to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (b), and marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (c); D. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata, cells on leaf lamina, and margins as in C; E. Lateral leaf, upper surface; note elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts over the midrib (a); F. Close-up of distal portion of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note rounded to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and laevigate (a) and papillate cells (b) on the leaf lamina, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (c), and submarginal tooth-like hairs (d); G. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note marginal stomata along basiscopic margin (a), rounded to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and laevigate (b) and papillate (c) cells, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf acroscopic margin (d), and submarginal tooth-like hairs (e); H. Close-up of mid-section of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note leaf lamina cells as in G. A – H from the holotype, J. M. Beitel 85229, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
5F17A5D7DADF5BFE8F4E5F6DB6868B48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676619	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure37	Figure 37. Selaginella plagiochiloides Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Lateral leaf, lower surface; note elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) and on the margins (c); C. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (b), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts sparsely distributed along the distal portion of the leaf (c) and along the margins (d); D. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata, cells on the leaf lamina and margins as in C, and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts at the leaf base (a); E. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary leaves (c); F. Close-up of section of the stem, lower surface (same section as in E); G. Close-up of the distal portion of the axillary leaf, lower surface; note cells on the leaf lamina and margins as in C; H. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the axillary leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in G); note cells on the leaf lamina and margins as in C and D. A – H from the holotype, J. M. Beitel 85229, UC.	Figure 37. Selaginella plagiochiloides Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; B. Lateral leaf, lower surface; note elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) and on the margins (c); C. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (b), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts sparsely distributed along the distal portion of the leaf (c) and along the margins (d); D. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata, cells on the leaf lamina and margins as in C, and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts at the leaf base (a); E. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary leaves (c); F. Close-up of section of the stem, lower surface (same section as in E); G. Close-up of the distal portion of the axillary leaf, lower surface; note cells on the leaf lamina and margins as in C; H. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the axillary leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in G); note cells on the leaf lamina and margins as in C and D. A – H from the holotype, J. M. Beitel 85229, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
5F17A5D7DADF5BFE8F4E5F6DB6868B48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676620	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure38	Figure 38. Selaginella plagiochiloides Valdespino & C. López. A. Close-up of section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral leaf with a bifurcated distal half (a) and median leaf (b); B. Median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), rounded to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (b), marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (c), and teeth along distal 1 / 4 of the leaf lamina (d); C. Close-up of base of the lateral leaf; note elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (a); D. Close-up of the base of the axillary leaf; note elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (a). A – D from the holotype, J. M. Beitel 85229, UC.	Figure 38. Selaginella plagiochiloides Valdespino & C. López. A. Close-up of section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral leaf with a bifurcated distal half (a) and median leaf (b); B. Median leaf, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), rounded to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and papillate cells on the leaf lamina (b), marginal, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (c), and teeth along distal 1 / 4 of the leaf lamina (d); C. Close-up of base of the lateral leaf; note elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (a); D. Close-up of the base of the axillary leaf; note elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (a). A – D from the holotype, J. M. Beitel 85229, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
036A16108EC255B48DAF1F9A3CE6EF8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676621	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure39	Figure 39. Holotype of Selaginella tricula A. R. Sm. ex Valdespino & C. López. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley, A. R. Smith et al. 1365, UC.	Figure 39. Holotype of Selaginella tricula A. R. Sm. ex Valdespino & C. López. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley, A. R. Smith et al. 1365, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
036A16108EC255B48DAF1F9A3CE6EF8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676622	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure40	Figure 40. Selaginella tricula A. R. Sm. ex Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary (c) leaves; B. Close-up of a stem section, upper surface, showing lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; note long cilia on inner margin of the median leaf (c) and on acroscopic margin of the lateral leaf (d), and stiff hairs marginally and submarginally near the basiscopic margin of the lateral leaf (e); C. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note rounded to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, laevigate (a) and papillate (b) cells, submarginal, tooth-like, short hairs along the basiscopic half (c), and long cilia along the distal portion of the acroscopic margin of the leaf lamina (d); D. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median and lateral leaves, upper surfaces (same leaves as in B); note leaf features as in B; E. Median leaf, upper surface, note stomata along the midrib (a), rounded to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and papillate cells (b), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts along the margins (c), and long marginal cilia (d); F. Close-up of the distal portion of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata, cell features and margins of the lamina as described in E, long-acuminate to long-aristate apex (a), and short tooth-like hairs on the apex surface (b); G. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata, cell features of the lamina and the margins as described in E and F; H. Close-up of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata and shape and features of the epidermal cells as described in E – G. A – H from the holotype, A. R. Smith et al. 1365, UC.	Figure 40. Selaginella tricula A. R. Sm. ex Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, upper surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary (c) leaves; B. Close-up of a stem section, upper surface, showing lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; note long cilia on inner margin of the median leaf (c) and on acroscopic margin of the lateral leaf (d), and stiff hairs marginally and submarginally near the basiscopic margin of the lateral leaf (e); C. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note rounded to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, laevigate (a) and papillate (b) cells, submarginal, tooth-like, short hairs along the basiscopic half (c), and long cilia along the distal portion of the acroscopic margin of the leaf lamina (d); D. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median and lateral leaves, upper surfaces (same leaves as in B); note leaf features as in B; E. Median leaf, upper surface, note stomata along the midrib (a), rounded to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and papillate cells (b), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts along the margins (c), and long marginal cilia (d); F. Close-up of the distal portion of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata, cell features and margins of the lamina as described in E, long-acuminate to long-aristate apex (a), and short tooth-like hairs on the apex surface (b); G. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata, cell features of the lamina and the margins as described in E and F; H. Close-up of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata and shape and features of the epidermal cells as described in E – G. A – H from the holotype, A. R. Smith et al. 1365, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
036A16108EC255B48DAF1F9A3CE6EF8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676623	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure41	Figure 41. Selaginella tricula A. R. Sm. ex Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary (c) leaves; B. Close-up of a stem section, lower surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; C. Lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) and on the margins (c), and marginal cilia (d); D. Lateral leaf, lower surface; note features described in C; E. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in D); note features as in C; F. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in D); note features described in C; G. Close-up of epidermal cell features of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in D); note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) and basiscopic margin (c); H. Close-up of an axillary leaf (a) and portions of a median leaf (b); note acute apex tipped by divergent cilia (c). A – H from the holotype, A. R. Smith et al. 1365, UC.	Figure 41. Selaginella tricula A. R. Sm. ex Valdespino & C. López. A. Section of the stem, lower surface; note lateral (a), median (b), and axillary (c) leaves; B. Close-up of a stem section, lower surface; note lateral (a) and median (b) leaves; C. Lateral leaf, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) and on the margins (c), and marginal cilia (d); D. Lateral leaf, lower surface; note features described in C; E. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in D); note features as in C; F. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in D); note features described in C; G. Close-up of epidermal cell features of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in D); note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the leaf lamina (b) and basiscopic margin (c); H. Close-up of an axillary leaf (a) and portions of a median leaf (b); note acute apex tipped by divergent cilia (c). A – H from the holotype, A. R. Smith et al. 1365, UC.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
BFD7B3947471506AB55021E027BEA28D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676624	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure42	Figure 42. Holotype of Selaginella turingiana Valdespino. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama, Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, J. A. Steyermark 87098, NY.	Figure 42. Holotype of Selaginella turingiana Valdespino. Digitized image courtesy of the herbarium of the University of Panama, Panama (PMA), from a loaned specimen from the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, J. A. Steyermark 87098, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
BFD7B3947471506AB55021E027BEA28D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676625	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure43	Figure 43. Selaginella turingiana Valdespino. A. Median leaf from the stem after the first branching, upper surface; B. Median leaf from the stem after the first branching, upper surface; C. Close-up of the middle and distal portions of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts throughout the leaf lamina (b) and the margins (c); D. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata and idioblasts on the leaf surface and margins of the lamina as in C; E. Close-up of the middle and distal portions of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata, cell features on the leaf surface and margins of the lamina as in C, and sparsely intercalated, elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (a); F. Median leaf, lower surface; note the outer base tufted with long hairs (a) and the outer margin dentate along the proximal 1 / 2–2 / 3 (b); G. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate epidermal cells (a) and sparsely distributed, elongate, sinuate-walled, and papillate epidermal cells (b); H. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note the outer base as described in F and epidermal cells as described in G, and submarginal to marginal stomata along the proximal portion of the outer half of the leaf lamina near the outer margin (a). A – H from the holotype, J. A. Steyermark 87098, NY.	Figure 43. Selaginella turingiana Valdespino. A. Median leaf from the stem after the first branching, upper surface; B. Median leaf from the stem after the first branching, upper surface; C. Close-up of the middle and distal portions of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts throughout the leaf lamina (b) and the margins (c); D. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata and idioblasts on the leaf surface and margins of the lamina as in C; E. Close-up of the middle and distal portions of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in B); note stomata, cell features on the leaf surface and margins of the lamina as in C, and sparsely intercalated, elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (a); F. Median leaf, lower surface; note the outer base tufted with long hairs (a) and the outer margin dentate along the proximal 1 / 2–2 / 3 (b); G. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the median leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate epidermal cells (a) and sparsely distributed, elongate, sinuate-walled, and papillate epidermal cells (b); H. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the median leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in F); note the outer base as described in F and epidermal cells as described in G, and submarginal to marginal stomata along the proximal portion of the outer half of the leaf lamina near the outer margin (a). A – H from the holotype, J. A. Steyermark 87098, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
BFD7B3947471506AB55021E027BEA28D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676626	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure44	Figure 44. Selaginella turingiana Valdespino. A. Lateral leaf from the stem after the first branching; upper surface; note the acroscopic margin long- to short-ciliate along proximal 1 / 2–2 / 3 (a), otherwise dentate to denticulate distally (b); B. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note the acroscopic margin as in A and long-attenuate apex (a); C. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note the proximal, acroscopic margin as described in A; D. Close-up of the epidermis of the lateral leaf, upper surface; note narrowly quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and laevigate epidermal cells (a) and sparsely distributed, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b); E. Lateral leaf from the stem after the first branching, lower surface; note the acroscopic margin long- to short-ciliate along proximal 1 / 2–2 / 3 (a), otherwise dentate to denticulate distally (b); F. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata along the midrib (a), and mostly elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b), the acroscopic margin as in E, and long-attenuate apex as in B; G. Close-up of the proximal portion of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note the acroscopic and basiscopic margins as described in E, and stomata and epidermal cells as described in F; H. Close-up of the mid-section of the lateral leaf lamina, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b), intermixed with elongate, slightly sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (c). A – H from the holotype, J. A. Steyermark 87098, NY.	Figure 44. Selaginella turingiana Valdespino. A. Lateral leaf from the stem after the first branching; upper surface; note the acroscopic margin long- to short-ciliate along proximal 1 / 2–2 / 3 (a), otherwise dentate to denticulate distally (b); B. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note the acroscopic margin as in A and long-attenuate apex (a); C. Close-up of the proximal portion and base of the lateral leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note the proximal, acroscopic margin as described in A; D. Close-up of the epidermis of the lateral leaf, upper surface; note narrowly quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and laevigate epidermal cells (a) and sparsely distributed, elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b); E. Lateral leaf from the stem after the first branching, lower surface; note the acroscopic margin long- to short-ciliate along proximal 1 / 2–2 / 3 (a), otherwise dentate to denticulate distally (b); F. Close-up of the distal portion and apex of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata along the midrib (a), and mostly elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b), the acroscopic margin as in E, and long-attenuate apex as in B; G. Close-up of the proximal portion of the lateral leaf, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note the acroscopic and basiscopic margins as described in E, and stomata and epidermal cells as described in F; H. Close-up of the mid-section of the lateral leaf lamina, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b), intermixed with elongate, slightly sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (c). A – H from the holotype, J. A. Steyermark 87098, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
BFD7B3947471506AB55021E027BEA28D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676627	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure45	Figure 45. Selaginella turingiana Valdespino. A. Lateral leaf from the distal branches of the stem after the first branching, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, slightly sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (b), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (c); B. Dorsal sporophylls, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b); C. Dorsal sporophylls, half that imbricates with the ventral sporophylls, upper surface (a), and portion of the lower surface (b); note stomata along the midrib (c) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the upper surface (d); D. Axillary leaf, upper surface; E. Ventral sporophyll, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts covering the sporophyll lamina (b); F. Ventral sporophyll, lower surface; note the ligule (a). A – F from the holotype, J. A. Steyermark 87098, NY.	Figure 45. Selaginella turingiana Valdespino. A. Lateral leaf from the distal branches of the stem after the first branching, lower surface; note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, slightly sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (b), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (c); B. Dorsal sporophylls, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b); C. Dorsal sporophylls, half that imbricates with the ventral sporophylls, upper surface (a), and portion of the lower surface (b); note stomata along the midrib (c) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts on the upper surface (d); D. Axillary leaf, upper surface; E. Ventral sporophyll, upper surface; note stomata along the midrib (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts covering the sporophyll lamina (b); F. Ventral sporophyll, lower surface; note the ligule (a). A – F from the holotype, J. A. Steyermark 87098, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
BFD7B3947471506AB55021E027BEA28D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676628	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure46	Figure 46. Selaginella turingiana Valdespino. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Megaspore, proximal face; C. Megaspore, distal face; D. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); E. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in B); F. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same spore as in C); G. Microspores, proximal and equatorial-distal faces; H. Microspore, distal face; I. Microspore, distal face. A – I from the holotype, J. A. Steyermark 87098, NY.	Figure 46. Selaginella turingiana Valdespino. A. Megaspore, proximal face; B. Megaspore, proximal face; C. Megaspore, distal face; D. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in A); E. Close-up of the megaspore, proximal face (same spore as in B); F. Close-up of the megaspore, distal face (same spore as in C); G. Microspores, proximal and equatorial-distal faces; H. Microspore, distal face; I. Microspore, distal face. A – I from the holotype, J. A. Steyermark 87098, NY.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
BFD7B3947471506AB55021E027BEA28D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676629	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure47	Figure 47. Selaginella turingiana Valdespino. A. Median leaf from the stem after the first branching, upper surface; B. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); C. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note the outer base tufted with a few, long cilia (a) and proximal portion of the inner margin with a long cilium (b); D. Close-up of mid-section and inner half of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b); E. Median leaf from the stem after the first branching, lower surface; note the ligule (a); F. Close-up of mid-section of the median leaf from the stem after the first branching, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b); G. Median leaf from the distal portion of the stem after the first branching; upper surface; H. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in G); note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (b), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate cells (c); I. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in G); note cell features of the leaf lamina as described in G; J. Axillary leaf, lower surface; note stomata, cell features of the leaf lamina as described in G, and ciliate margins (a); K. Close-up of a lateral leaf, upper surface; note rectangular to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b); L. Leaf from the stem before branching, lower surface. A – L from a paratype, H. Wagener 442, B.	Figure 47. Selaginella turingiana Valdespino. A. Median leaf from the stem after the first branching, upper surface; B. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); C. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note the outer base tufted with a few, long cilia (a) and proximal portion of the inner margin with a long cilium (b); D. Close-up of mid-section and inner half of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in A); note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b); E. Median leaf from the stem after the first branching, lower surface; note the ligule (a); F. Close-up of mid-section of the median leaf from the stem after the first branching, lower surface (same leaf as in E); note elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b); G. Median leaf from the distal portion of the stem after the first branching; upper surface; H. Close-up of distal portion and apex of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in G); note stomata along the midrib (a), elongate, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (b), and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate cells (c); I. Close-up of proximal portion and base of the median leaf, upper surface (same leaf as in G); note cell features of the leaf lamina as described in G; J. Axillary leaf, lower surface; note stomata, cell features of the leaf lamina as described in G, and ciliate margins (a); K. Close-up of a lateral leaf, upper surface; note rectangular to quadrangular, sinuate-walled, and laevigate cells (a) and elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (b); L. Leaf from the stem before branching, lower surface. A – L from a paratype, H. Wagener 442, B.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
BFD7B3947471506AB55021E027BEA28D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1676630	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.276.191365.figure48	Figure 48. Selaginella turingiana Valdespino. A. Strobilus, upper view; note dorsal sporophyll (a), stomata along the midrib (b), lateral leaf (c), and median leaf (d) with stomata along the midrib (e); B. Strobilus, lower surface; note the inner half (a), outer half (b), and stomata along the midrib (c) of the ventral sporophylls, lateral leaf (d) with stomata along the midrib (e), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (f), and median leaf (g). A and B from a paratype, H. Wagener 442, B.	Figure 48. Selaginella turingiana Valdespino. A. Strobilus, upper view; note dorsal sporophyll (a), stomata along the midrib (b), lateral leaf (c), and median leaf (d) with stomata along the midrib (e); B. Strobilus, lower surface; note the inner half (a), outer half (b), and stomata along the midrib (c) of the ventral sporophylls, lateral leaf (d) with stomata along the midrib (e), elongate, straight-walled, and papillate idioblasts (f), and median leaf (g). A and B from a paratype, H. Wagener 442, B.	2026-06-11	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.		Zenodo	biologists	Valdespino, Iván A.;López, Christian A.;Ceballos, Jorge I.			
