taxonID	type	description	language	source
A14487FEFFE8FF960C9ADB98FE60F9D8.taxon	description	Index Fungorum number: IF 903907; Facesoffungi number: FoF 17780	en	Khyaju, Sabin, Bera, Ishika, Hyde, Kevin D., Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong, Luangharn, Thatsanee (2025): Echinochaete thailandica sp. nov. (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 718 (1): 1-14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1
A14487FEFFE8FF960C9ADB98FE60F9D8.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ thailandica ” refers to the type location, Thailand.	en	Khyaju, Sabin, Bera, Ishika, Hyde, Kevin D., Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong, Luangharn, Thatsanee (2025): Echinochaete thailandica sp. nov. (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 718 (1): 1-14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1
A14487FEFFE8FF960C9ADB98FE60F9D8.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province, Mae Taeng District, elev. 890 m, N 19 ° 7 ' 5 '', E 98 ° 43 ' 57 '', 04 April 2023, S. Khyaju, SK 134 (MFLU 25 - 0193, holotype).	en	Khyaju, Sabin, Bera, Ishika, Hyde, Kevin D., Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong, Luangharn, Thatsanee (2025): Echinochaete thailandica sp. nov. (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 718 (1): 1-14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1
A14487FEFFE8FF960C9ADB98FE60F9D8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — The small basidiomata, lanceolate to cylindrical, longer, setoid elements bearing lateral spines on the pileus and hymenium surface; and larger and broader basidiospores. It differs from Echinochaete russiceps by the presence of larger basidiospores (10.5 – 14.5 × 4.1 – 6.8 μm).	en	Khyaju, Sabin, Bera, Ishika, Hyde, Kevin D., Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong, Luangharn, Thatsanee (2025): Echinochaete thailandica sp. nov. (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 718 (1): 1-14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1
A14487FEFFE8FF960C9ADB98FE60F9D8.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata annual, substipitate to laterally stipitate, occurring gregariously. Pileus up to 60 mm in diam., and up to 5 mm thick, flabelliform, ranging from flat to convex. Pileus surface uplifted tomentose, dry; light brown (5 D 4) at the base, combination of yellowish white (1 A 1) to pale yellow (1 A 2 – 3) with light brown (5 D 4) at the center, and greyish orange (5 B 4) at the margin, partially covered with a light brown (5 D 6 – 7) to yellowish brown (5 D 8) cuticle. Margin incurved, hairy, and zonate. Stipe 5 – 8 × 5 – 13 mm, short, cylindrical. Stipe surface rough, soot brown (5 F 5), non-bruising. Context up to 5 mm thick, fleshy-leathery when young, becoming leathery to brittle when dried, yellowish white (4 A 2), non-bruising. Pore 4 – 6 per mm, round to angular, dissepiments thin, greyish yellow (4 B 3 – 5), brown (6 E 6) when age. Tube surface up to 2 mm deep, greyish yellow (1 B 3). Odour and taste not distinct. Basidiospores 10.5 – 14.5 × 4.1 – 6.8 μm, avL × avW = 12.3 × 5.2 μm, Q = 2.13 – 2.54, Qav = 2.35 (50 / 2), cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, and greyish white in spore deposit. Basidia 21.7 – 27.1 × 6.9 – 10.5 μm, broadly clavate with large vacuoles, 4 - spored; sterigmata up to 5.2 μm long. Setoid elements 37 – 103 × 6 – 9 μm, abundant on the pileus surface, thick-walled, lanceolate to cylindrical, bearing pointed lateral spines, yellowish brown to brown in 5 % KOH, lateral spines up to 15 μm long. In the hymenium, setoid elements on the pore edge, 26 – 52 × 3 – 10 μm, thick-walled, subulate to lanceolate or ventricose with pointed lateral spines, yellowish brown to brown in 5 % KOH; lateral spines 2 – 12 μm long. Hyphal system dimitic, composed of generative and skeleton-binding hyphae. Contextual generative hyphae 3 – 5 μm wide, thin-walled, hyaline, non-dextrinoid, with clamp connections. Contextual skeleton-binding hyphae 4 – 10 μm wide, thick-walled, frequently branched, non-dextrinoid. Tramal generative hyphae 3 – 4 μm wide, thin-walled, hyaline, non-dextrinoid, with clamp connections. Tramal skeleton-binding hyphae 2 – 6 μm wide, thick-walled, frequently branched, non-dextrinoid.	en	Khyaju, Sabin, Bera, Ishika, Hyde, Kevin D., Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong, Luangharn, Thatsanee (2025): Echinochaete thailandica sp. nov. (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 718 (1): 1-14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1
A14487FEFFE8FF960C9ADB98FE60F9D8.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: — on a decaying log of an angiosperm tree.	en	Khyaju, Sabin, Bera, Ishika, Hyde, Kevin D., Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong, Luangharn, Thatsanee (2025): Echinochaete thailandica sp. nov. (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 718 (1): 1-14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1
A14487FEFFE8FF960C9ADB98FE60F9D8.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimen examined: — THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province, Mae Taeng District, elev. 911 m, N 19 ° 7 ' 10 '', E 98 ° 44 ' 3 '', 03 April 2023, S. Khyaju, SK 126 (MFLU 25 - 0194, paratype).	en	Khyaju, Sabin, Bera, Ishika, Hyde, Kevin D., Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong, Luangharn, Thatsanee (2025): Echinochaete thailandica sp. nov. (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 718 (1): 1-14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1
A14487FEFFE8FF960C9ADB98FE60F9D8.taxon	discussion	Notes: — The identification of our studied species as a member of the genus Echinochaete is supported by a unique combination of morphological characteristics: laterally stipitate basidiomata, a dimitic hyphal system comprising skeleton-binding hyphae and clamped generative hyphae, the presence of spinulose setoid elements on both the pileus and hymenial surfaces, and cylindrical basidiospores (Reid 1963, Núñez & Ryvarden 2001, Sotome et al. 2009). Among the Asian Echinochaete species, namely E. brachypora, E. ruficeps, E. russiceps, and E. maximipora, our species shares several morphological features, particularly in the shape and size of setoid elements. In contrast, the only known African species, E. cinnamomeosquamulosa, exhibits clavate to ovoid setoid elements bearing short, irregular spines on the pileus surface (Ryvarden & Johansen 1980, Núñez & Ryvarden 1995, 2001, Sotome et al. 2009). However, these species can be distinguished based on the shape and size of their setoid elements (Ryvarden & Johansen 1980, Corner 1984, Núñez & Ryvarden 1995, 2001, Sotome et al. 2009). Our species differs from E. brachypora in lacking reddish-brown spots on the pileus surface and a reddish-brown hymenium. Additionally, it possesses smaller pores (4 – 6 per mm), compared to the larger pores (0.5 – 2 per mm) observed in E. brachypora, which also exhibits more intense reddish-brown colouration (Coelho et al. 2014). While E. russiceps is characterized by lanceolate setoid elements with relatively short lateral spines (up to 10 μm) (Sotome et al. 2009), our species exhibits lanceolate to cylindrical setoid elements with distinctly longer lateral spines (up to 15 μm) on the pileus surface. Although Reid (1963) reported similar basidiospore sizes across Echinochaete species, our species is distinguished by its notably larger and broader basidiospores (10.5 – 14.5 × 4.1 – 6.8 μm). In our phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 2), sequences of our Thai specimen formed a sister clade with an undescribed sequence from China named Echinochaete russiceps. They showed a close relationship with the clade representing the actual E. russiceps. Morphologically, the Thai specimen most closely resembles E. russiceps, which can be distinguished by several key features, such as a gregarious growth habit and smaller, rounded to angular pores (4 – 6 per mm). Thus, based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence, the Thai specimens represent a distinct species within the genus Echinochaete.	en	Khyaju, Sabin, Bera, Ishika, Hyde, Kevin D., Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong, Luangharn, Thatsanee (2025): Echinochaete thailandica sp. nov. (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 718 (1): 1-14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1
