identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A14487FEFFE8FF960C9ADB98FE60F9D8.text	A14487FEFFE8FF960C9ADB98FE60F9D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinochaete thailandica S. Khyaju, T. Luangharn, I. Bera & K. D. Hyde 2025	<div><p>Echinochaete thailandica S. Khyaju, T. Luangharn, I. Bera &amp; K.D. Hyde sp. nov. (Figs. 3–4)</p><p>Index Fungorum number: IF903907; Facesoffungi number: FoF 17780</p><p>Etymology:—The specific epithet “thailandica ” refers to the type location, Thailand.</p><p>Holotype:— THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.7325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.118055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.7325/lat 19.118055)">Mae Taeng District</a>, elev. 890 m, N 19°7'5'', E 98°43'57'', 04 April 2023, S. Khyaju, SK134 (MFLU25-0193, holotype).</p><p>Diagnosis:—The small basidiomata, lanceolate to cylindrical, longer, setoid elements bearing lateral spines on the pileus and hymenium surface; and larger and broader basidiospores. It differs from Echinochaete russiceps by the presence of larger basidiospores (10.5–14.5 × 4.1–6.8 μm).</p><p>Description:— Basidiomata annual, substipitate to laterally stipitate, occurring gregariously. Pileus up to 60 mm in diam., and up to 5 mm thick, flabelliform, ranging from flat to convex. Pileus surface uplifted tomentose, dry; light brown (5D4) at the base, combination of yellowish white (1A1) to pale yellow (1A2–3) with light brown (5D4) at the center, and greyish orange (5B4) at the margin, partially covered with a light brown (5D6–7) to yellowish brown (5D8) cuticle. Margin incurved, hairy, and zonate. Stipe 5–8 × 5–13 mm, short, cylindrical. Stipe surface rough, soot brown (5F5), non-bruising. Context up to 5 mm thick, fleshy-leathery when young, becoming leathery to brittle when dried, yellowish white (4A2), non-bruising. Pore 4–6 per mm, round to angular, dissepiments thin, greyish yellow (4B3–5), brown (6E6) when age. Tube surface up to 2 mm deep, greyish yellow (1B3). Odour and taste not distinct.</p><p>Basidiospores 10.5–14.5 × 4.1–6.8 μm, avL × avW = 12.3 × 5.2 μm, Q = 2.13–2.54, Qav = 2.35 (50/2), cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, and greyish white in spore deposit. Basidia 21.7–27.1 × 6.9–10.5 μm, broadly clavate with large vacuoles, 4-spored; sterigmata up to 5.2 μm long. Setoid elements 37–103 × 6–9 μm, abundant on the pileus surface, thick-walled, lanceolate to cylindrical, bearing pointed lateral spines, yellowish brown to brown in 5% KOH, lateral spines up to 15 μm long. In the hymenium, setoid elements on the pore edge, 26–52 × 3–10 μm, thick-walled, subulate to lanceolate or ventricose with pointed lateral spines, yellowish brown to brown in 5% KOH; lateral spines 2–12 μm long. Hyphal system dimitic, composed of generative and skeleton-binding hyphae. Contextual generative hyphae 3–5 μm wide, thin-walled, hyaline, non-dextrinoid, with clamp connections. Contextual skeleton-binding hyphae 4–10 μm wide, thick-walled, frequently branched, non-dextrinoid. Tramal generative hyphae 3–4 μm wide, thin-walled, hyaline, non-dextrinoid, with clamp connections. Tramal skeleton-binding hyphae 2–6 μm wide, thick-walled, frequently branched, non-dextrinoid.</p><p>Habitat:—on a decaying log of an angiosperm tree.</p><p>Additional specimen examined:— THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province, Mae Taeng District, elev. 911 m, N 19° 7' 10'', E 98° 44' 3'', 03 April 2023, S. Khyaju, SK126 (MFLU25-0194, paratype).</p><p>Notes:—The identification of our studied species as a member of the genus Echinochaete is supported by a unique combination of morphological characteristics: laterally stipitate basidiomata, a dimitic hyphal system comprising skeleton-binding hyphae and clamped generative hyphae, the presence of spinulose setoid elements on both the pileus and hymenial surfaces, and cylindrical basidiospores (Reid 1963, Núñez &amp; Ryvarden 2001, Sotome et al. 2009). Among the Asian Echinochaete species, namely E. brachypora, E. ruficeps, E. russiceps, and E. maximipora, our species shares several morphological features, particularly in the shape and size of setoid elements. In contrast, the only known African species, E. cinnamomeosquamulosa, exhibits clavate to ovoid setoid elements bearing short, irregular spines on the pileus surface (Ryvarden &amp; Johansen 1980, Núñez &amp; Ryvarden 1995, 2001, Sotome et al. 2009). However, these species can be distinguished based on the shape and size of their setoid elements (Ryvarden &amp; Johansen 1980, Corner 1984, Núñez &amp; Ryvarden 1995, 2001, Sotome et al. 2009).</p><p>Our species differs from E. brachypora in lacking reddish-brown spots on the pileus surface and a reddish-brown hymenium. Additionally, it possesses smaller pores (4–6 per mm), compared to the larger pores (0.5–2 per mm) observed in E. brachypora, which also exhibits more intense reddish-brown colouration (Coelho et al. 2014). While E. russiceps is characterized by lanceolate setoid elements with relatively short lateral spines (up to 10 μm) (Sotome et al. 2009), our species exhibits lanceolate to cylindrical setoid elements with distinctly longer lateral spines (up to 15 μm) on the pileus surface. Although Reid (1963) reported similar basidiospore sizes across Echinochaete species, our species is distinguished by its notably larger and broader basidiospores (10.5–14.5 × 4.1–6.8 μm).</p><p>In our phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 2), sequences of our Thai specimen formed a sister clade with an undescribed sequence from China named Echinochaete russiceps . They showed a close relationship with the clade representing the actual E. russiceps . Morphologically, the Thai specimen most closely resembles E. russiceps, which can be distinguished by several key features, such as a gregarious growth habit and smaller, rounded to angular pores (4–6 per mm). Thus, based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence, the Thai specimens represent a distinct species within the genus Echinochaete .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A14487FEFFE8FF960C9ADB98FE60F9D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Khyaju, Sabin;Bera, Ishika;Hyde, Kevin D.;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong;Luangharn, Thatsanee	Khyaju, Sabin, Bera, Ishika, Hyde, Kevin D., Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong, Luangharn, Thatsanee (2025): Echinochaete thailandica sp. nov. (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 718 (1): 1-14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1
A14487FEFFE4FF980C9ADAD2FA22FDAC.text	A14487FEFFE4FF980C9ADAD2FA22FDAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinochaete	<div><p>Key to Echinochaete species</p><p>1.a. Pores radially elongated, large (2–4 × 1–2 mm) .......................................................................................................... E. maximipora</p><p>1.b. Pores round, angular or elongated, smaller in size............................................................................................................................. 2</p><p>2.a. Setoid elements absent on pileus surface; hyphal ends cylindrical, thick-walled, unbranched, septate, up to 225 µm long............... ....................................................................................................................................................................................... E. brachypora</p><p>2.b. Setoid elements present on the pileus surface or terminal hyphae pointed/branched ........................................................................ 3</p><p>3.a. Setoid elements ovate to clavarioid with lateral spines; pileus cinnamon-coloured, surface velvety-scaly ........................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ E. cinnamomeo-squamulosa</p><p>3.b. Setoid elements lanceolate, aculeate or cylindrical with spines; pileus in shades of brown, surface smooth or slightly covered with cuticle ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4</p><p>4.a. Basidiospores large (10.5–14.5 × 4.1–6.8 µm); pileus yellowish brown; pores round to angular (4–6/mm)............... E. thailandica</p><p>4.b. Basidiospores smaller (9–11 × 3.5–4 µm); pileus light brown or bright brown; pores elongated, partly angular or angular ........... 5</p><p>5.a. Basidiomata distinctly or indistinctly stipitate; pileus up to 2.2 cm, light brown; pores elongated, partly angular, (0.5)1–2 × 0.5–1 mm ............................................................................................................................................................................ E. ruficeps</p><p>5.b. Basidiomata usually indistinctly stipitate; pileus 7.5 cm or more, bright brown; pores angular, (3)4–5/mm ................. E. russiceps</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A14487FEFFE4FF980C9ADAD2FA22FDAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Khyaju, Sabin;Bera, Ishika;Hyde, Kevin D.;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong;Luangharn, Thatsanee	Khyaju, Sabin, Bera, Ishika, Hyde, Kevin D., Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Khongphinitbunjong, Kitiphong, Luangharn, Thatsanee (2025): Echinochaete thailandica sp. nov. (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) from northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 718 (1): 1-14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.718.1.1
