identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8390A8C1F86355AEADA1EF2BCB997D04.text	8390A8C1F86355AEADA1EF2BCB997D04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla (Vanilla)	<div><p>Vanilla subgenus Vanilla</p><p>Vanilla subsect. Membranaceae Portères (1951: 291); nom. inval. (Turland et al. 2018: art. 39.1)</p><p>Vanilla subsect. Membranaceae Portères (1954: 159); nom. inval. (Turland et al. 2018: art. 39.1)</p><p>Lectotype.</p><p>Vanilla mexicana Mill., Gardeners Dictionary (ed. 8)  Vanilla no. 1. 1768 (designated by Mansfeld 1959: 587; see Karremans and Pupulin 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8390A8C1F86355AEADA1EF2BCB997D04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
D61AD7F6F0835166877649EE0A9242CA.text	D61AD7F6F0835166877649EE0A9242CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla acuta Rolfe	<div><p>1.  Vanilla acuta Rolfe (Rolfe 1896: 453)</p><p>Fig. 1 A, B</p><p>Type.</p><p>SURINAME – Marowyne • Aug. 1846; Kappler 1843; lectotype (designated here): K! (tracings of the lectotype at W! [W 21429, W 33544]); isolectotypes: W! [W 62925, pocket label as “  Vanilla Marowyne fl. flavidis Kappler ”], P! [P 00612143]. Epitype (designated here) :   GUYANA (British Guiana) •  Berbice River; illustration by Robert H. Schomburgk, plate 216–267; BM! (photo of the epitype at NY!, tracings of the epitype at K! [K 001551121] and W! [W 19383, W 19384])  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Two tracings of the lectotype are deposited in W [W 21429, W 33544]. Three tracings of the epitype are deposited in K [K 001551121] and in W [W 19383, W 19384]. A photograph of the epitype is deposited in NY.</p><p>When describing  Vanilla acuta, Rolfe (1896) cited a plant collected by A. Kappler in Suriname as the only specimen and mentioned that a drawing made by Schomburgk at BM should belong to his species. Although Rolfe’s publication explicitly states his affiliation with Kew and mentions that he examined two Klotzsch type specimens on loan from B, as well as material from BM, it is difficult to ascertain with certainty which specimens belonged to K, B, or BM, or whether he consulted a combination of these. This ambiguity arises from his inconsistent specification of herbarium sources for the specimens he reviewed. For instance, in the cases of  V. hamata Klotzsch and  V. ruiziana Klotzsch — most likely the two Klotzsch types referenced in his introduction — Rolfe did not explicitly indicate material examined at B. Similarly, for BM, although some specimens and illustrations are cited as “ Mus. Brit. ” or “ British Museum, ” it remains ambiguous whether these were the only sources from which he examined specimens.</p><p>Among the two original materials cited by Rolfe for  V. acuta, a specimen matching the protologue was identified in the Lindley Herbarium (K) and is hereby designated as the lectotype. Additionally, a review of the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna (W) revealed a tracing and an immature flower unequivocally linked to Kappler 1843, which is designated as an isolectotype. Furthermore, a specimen in the Herbarium of Paris (P 00612143) is highly likely to correspond to the Kappler collection, despite its label attributing the collection to Hostmann. The collection number, date, and locality align with those in Lindley’s Herbarium, and both bear his tentative determination as “  V. claviculata aff. ” Notably, both specimens were curated by Rudolph Friedrich Hohenacker, and historical records confirm that Kappler collected plants for Hostmann in Suriname (de Vries 2022).</p><p>Given the poor condition of the type flowers, the Schomburgk illustration is designated as the epitype to better clarify Rolfe’s proposal of this taxon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D61AD7F6F0835166877649EE0A9242CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
F410811F2A185505BFF34B6232CEA55A.text	F410811F2A185505BFF34B6232CEA55A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla andina Damian-Parizaca & H. Garzon	<div><p>2.  Vanilla andina Damián-Parizaca &amp; H. Garzón (Damián-Parizaca et al. 2022: 64)</p><p>Type.</p><p>PERU – San Martin • Lamas, Pinto recodo,  Centro Poblado Jesus del Monte; Aug. 2019; S. Olortegui &amp; A. Damián 908; holotype: USM  !.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F410811F2A185505BFF34B6232CEA55A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
47855908A03B5583832CDE861941136F.text	47855908A03B5583832CDE861941136F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla angustipetala Schltr.	<div><p>3.  Vanilla angustipetala Schltr. (Schlechter 1922: 19)</p><p>Fig. 1 C</p><p>Type.</p><p>BRAZIL – São Paulo • Near Morro das Pedras,  Iguapé; Dec. 1916; A. C. Brade 7775; holotype: B †; lectotype (designated here): R! [R 00024938]; isolectotypes: AMES! [AMES 114509], HB! [HB 8086], K! [K 000463749], M! [M 0226098]  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Schlechter (1922) described  Vanilla angustipetala based on material sent by Alexandre Brade from São Paulo. Most of Schlechter’s material, including the holotype of  Vanilla angustipetala, was tragically destroyed during the bombing of the Berlin Herbarium in World War II (Butzin 1978, 1980, 1981). Fortunately, several isotypes of this taxon are conserved in various herbaria. An isotype at R is hereby selected as lectotype given its good condition and clear floral dissection. Previously unknown isotypes are listed here and designated as isolectotypes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/47855908A03B5583832CDE861941136F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
B54BED537586546296E093BA4131057B.text	B54BED537586546296E093BA4131057B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla arcuata Pansarin & M. R. Miranda	<div><p>4.  Vanilla arcuata Pansarin &amp; M. R. Miranda (Pansarin and Miranda 2016: 85)</p><p>Fig. 1 D</p><p>Type.</p><p>BRAZIL – São Paulo • Mun. Caraguatatuba,  Mata de Restinga; 7 Mar. 2015; E. R. Pansarin &amp; M. R. Miranda 1514; holotype: LBMBP! [LBMBP 147]  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B54BED537586546296E093BA4131057B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
226D6F6502F35F68B5F915E9358FF9E1.text	226D6F6502F35F68B5F915E9358FF9E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla armoriquensis Damian-Parizaca & Mitidieri-Rivera	<div><p>5.  Vanilla armoriquensis Damián-Parizaca &amp; Mitidieri-Rivera (Damián-Parizaca and Mitidieri-Rivera 2020: 158)</p><p>Type.</p><p>PERU – Junín • Prov. Chanchamayo, Dtto. Chanchamayo,  Hacienda Armorique, en un bosque colinoso; Sep. 2019; A. Damián, M. Gerbi, M. Rodenas Gerbi 904; holotype: UFV!; isotypes: MOL!, USM  !.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/226D6F6502F35F68B5F915E9358FF9E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
BD73FA2B950C58DAB59BEEC64CAD2F63.text	BD73FA2B950C58DAB59BEEC64CAD2F63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla bertoniensis Bertoni	<div><p>7.  Vanilla bertoniensis Bertoni (Bertoni 1910: 10)</p><p>Fig. 1 F</p><p>Type.</p><p>PARAGUAY – Alto Paraná •  Puerto Bertoni; Bertoni 6039; holotype: SCP! [SCPD 00036]; clonotype: SCP! [SCPD 00041]  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the introduction of the paper in which Bertoni published this species, he explicitly stated that he was working on materials from his own herbarium (Bertoni 1910). Although two specimens with the number Bertoni 6039 are deposited at SCP, one was prepared after the formal description of  V. bertoniensis (3 Jan. 1911) and therefore cannot be the holotype. Therefore, a single specimen matching the protologue was located, and we find this sufficient to unambiguously determine it as the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD73FA2B950C58DAB59BEEC64CAD2F63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
2B07C22677165BF49DBA70CD0D94E728.text	2B07C22677165BF49DBA70CD0D94E728.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla bradei Mansf.	<div><p>6.  Vanilla bradei Schltr. ex Mansf. (Mansfeld 1928: 243)</p><p>Fig. 1 E</p><p>Type.</p><p>BRAZIL – São Paulo • Guapira,  Wald, epiphytisch; 27 Apr. 1913; A. C. Brade 7573; holotype: B †; lectotype (designated here): HB! [HB 8087]  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The species was originally determined as a novelty by Rudolf Schlechter. It was formally described after Schlechter’s death by R. Mansfeld (1928), upon Brade’s request. Schlechter’s herbarium, including the type of  V. bradei, was destroyed during the bombing of the Berlin Herbarium (Butzin 1978, 1980, 1981). Our revision revealed a well-conserved yet sterile isotype at HB, which we hereby select as lectotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B07C22677165BF49DBA70CD0D94E728	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
C6EDDA2C47D451398B097F0EA08F201F.text	C6EDDA2C47D451398B097F0EA08F201F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla costaricensis Soto-Arenas	<div><p>8.  Vanilla costaricensis Soto-Arenas (Soto-Arenas and Dressler 2010: 297)</p><p>Fig. 1 G</p><p>Type.</p><p>COSTA RICA – Alajuela •  llanura de San Carlos; 20 Feb. 1966; A. Molina R., L. O. Williams, W. C. Burger and B. Wallenta 17565; holotype: CR! [CR 062310]; isotype AMO! (ex MO) [MO 2367689]  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>An isotype that was stated to be at MO was instead found in the AMO collection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6EDDA2C47D451398B097F0EA08F201F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
E3C7511BB04C53F58EA849E4FEBA83AE.text	E3C7511BB04C53F58EA849E4FEBA83AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla dietschiana Edwall	<div><p>9.  Vanilla dietschiana Edwall (Edwall 1903: 192)</p><p>Fig. 1 H</p><p>Dictyophyllaria dietschiana (Edwall) Garay (Garay 1986: 231)</p><p>Type.</p><p>BRAZIL – São Paulo •  Serra do Mar; 1903; A. Dietsch 6070; holotype: SP! [SP 000109]  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The paper in which Edwall (1903) published this species explicitly states that he collected this material for the herbarium of the Comissão Geographica e Geologica de São Paulo. A single specimen determined by Edwall as his  V. dietschiana bears a label of the Comissão and is congruent with the protologue. We find this sufficient to unambiguously determine it as the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E3C7511BB04C53F58EA849E4FEBA83AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
4A62214E2ACD53DABFD97C978D6E3A90.text	4A62214E2ACD53DABFD97C978D6E3A90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla edwallii Hoehne	<div><p>10.  Vanilla edwallii Hoehne (Hoehne 1941: 61)</p><p>Fig. 2 A</p><p>Type.</p><p>BRAZIL – São Paulo •  Serra da Cantareira; Jan. 1902; G. Edwall 6003; holotype: SP! [SP 002432]  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A62214E2ACD53DABFD97C978D6E3A90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
20823DCA53EA5FB199BC36595E33B9CF.text	20823DCA53EA5FB199BC36595E33B9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla guatemalensis Archila	<div><p>11.  Vanilla guatemalensis Archila (Archila 1999 [2012]: 46)</p><p>Fig. 2 B</p><p>Type.</p><p>GUATEMALA – Alta Verapaz •  Pantano de Rubelsanto, cruce para playa grande a 350 m; Jun. 1994; O. Archila s. n.; holotype: BIGU! [BIGU 054552]  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The holotype of this species, although sterile, was successfully located at BIGU. We have been informed that a spirit collection from the same gathering, containing flowers, is also deposited at the same herbarium but has not yet been located (Mario Véliz pers. comm.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/20823DCA53EA5FB199BC36595E33B9CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
8C2165D7CEFB5CC5A417C35A3A384B27.text	8C2165D7CEFB5CC5A417C35A3A384B27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla inodora Schiede	<div><p>12.  Vanilla inodora Schiede (Schiede 1829: 574)</p><p>Fig. 2 C</p><p>Type.</p><p>MEXICO – Misantla •  Baynilla de puerco Misantlensium . Species distinctissima. Hab. Misantlae; Schiede &amp; Deppe s. n.; lectotype (designated by Ackerman 1995: 174): BM! [BM 000062769]; isolectotypes: LE! [LE 00001364], W! [W 0253992, W 0253991]  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Under art. 9 of the Shenzhen Code (Turland et al. 2018), the use of the word “ Type ” in Ackerman (1995) and the reference to a specimen at BM is to be considered the first lectotypification of this name, albeit involuntary. This renders the lectotypification with a specimen at W by Karremans et al. (2020) superfluous.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C2165D7CEFB5CC5A417C35A3A384B27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
F938391D333950FD8156978DFBEDABB4.text	F938391D333950FD8156978DFBEDABB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla latisegmenta Ames & C. Schweinf.	<div><p>13.  Vanilla latisegmenta Ames &amp; C. Schweinf. (Ames and Schweinfurth 1925: 2)</p><p>Fig. 2 D</p><p>Type.</p><p>GUYANA (British Guiana) •  Upper Rupununi River, near Dadanawa; 29 May 1922; J. S. de la Cruz 1404; holotype: AMES! [AMES 22973]; isotypes: AMES! [AMES 7850], GH! [GH 7850], MO! [MO 2602185], US! [US 00093324]  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Ames and Schweinfurth (1925) explicitly designated J. S. de la Cruz 1404 as the holotype of  V. latisegmenta and specified AMES as the herbarium where the holotype is deposited. Soto-Arenas and Cribb (2010) listed a collection at GH as isotype. We further list additional isotypes found at MO and US.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F938391D333950FD8156978DFBEDABB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
9226882AE2125544A88CE966972E9B08.text	9226882AE2125544A88CE966972E9B08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla martinezii Soto-Arenas	<div><p>14.  Vanilla martinezii Soto-Arenas (Soto-Arenas and Dressler 2010: 320)</p><p>Fig. 2 E</p><p>Type.</p><p>GUATEMALA – Izabal • Livingston, El Golfete, a 20.4 km al NE de  Río Dulce por lancha camino a Calix; 26 Jul. 2003; E. Martinez &amp; D. Alvarez 36410; lectotype (designated here): MEXU! [MEXU 01478369]; isolectotypes: MEXU! [MEXU 01478370], AMO! [ESP 118178], BIGU not found, MO not found  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Soto-Arenas and Dressler (2010) originally designated the specimen at MEXU as the holotype for  Vanilla martinezii while identifying three isotypes located at AMO, BIGU, and MO. Upon examining the type collection at MEXU, we found two sheets under the same collector’s number, with no indication that they were part of a single preparation. Consequently, a lectotype designation is required. Here, we designate the sheet bearing a flower bud as the lectotype. Furthermore, after reviewing the AMO spirit collection, we identify a jar labelled “ E. Martinez s. n. ” with a single flower. Based on morphological congruence with the flower illustrated in the species’ original description (Soto-Arenas and Dressler 2010: fig. 10), we propose that this specimen most likely belongs to the original material used by Soto-Arenas. The illustration, as noted in the legend, is partially based on the type specimen (flower + dissection 1 + L-shaped column), E. Martinez 22790 (second column + dissection 2, including a petal, lateral sepal, and half of the lip), and M. Soto 8602 a (plant with fruits). It is likely that the flower preserved in the AMO spirit collection corresponds to the specimen Soto-Arenas referenced as “ iso. AMO! ” and we hereby designate it as an isolectotype. We could not locate the isotypes at BIGU and MO.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9226882AE2125544A88CE966972E9B08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
5E982071370F58FB96B5F53901EF7431.text	5E982071370F58FB96B5F53901EF7431.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla methonica Rchb. f. & Warsz.	<div><p>15.  Vanilla methonica Rchb. f. &amp; Warsz. (Reichenbach 1854: 97)</p><p>Fig. 2 F</p><p>Type.</p><p>COLOMBIA •  Neu Granada; 6000–8000 ft.; Warscewicz s. n.; holotype: W! [W 0253993]; isotype: K  !.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>A single specimen at Reichenbach’s herbarium is identified as  V. methonica in the author’s own handwriting. It also includes a note by co-author and collector Warscewicz indicating the locality information as it appears in the protologue. We find this sufficient to unambiguously determine it as the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E982071370F58FB96B5F53901EF7431	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
2A85A0B42FAE51C2A7F66E06B7910052.text	2A85A0B42FAE51C2A7F66E06B7910052.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla mexicana Mill.	<div><p>16.  Vanilla mexicana Mill. (Miller 1768: without number)</p><p>Epidendrum vanilla L. (Linnaeus 1753: 952)</p><p>Vanilla aromatica Sw. (Swartz 1799: 66), nom. superfl. illeg.</p><p>Vanilla anaromatica Griseb. (Grisebach 1864: 638), nom. superfl. illeg.</p><p>Vanilla epidendrum Mirb. (Mirbel 1802: 249), nom. superfl. illeg.</p><p>Type.</p><p>Lectotype (designated by Reveal (2009: 359) as lectotype of  V. mexicana and by Cribb in Cafferty and Jarvis (1999: 47) as lectotype of  E. vanilla): HAITI • “ Volubilis siliquosa  mexicana plantagini folio ” in Catesby, Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands vol. 2 (Catesby 1747: appendix 7, pl. 7, reproduced in Karremans et al. 2020: fig. 25 A).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Upon proposing  Vanilla mexicana, Miller cited a single illustration by Catesby (1747: fig. 4). This was later proven to be based on unpublished illustrations by Plumier (see Karremans et al. 2020: fig. 25). Miller attributed his species to an aromatic entity, noting that “ … with this fruit the Spaniards perfume their chocolate, ” effectively combining the non-aromatic species illustrated by Plumier (Karremans et al. 2020: fig. 25 C – D) with the species of the Mexicas, valued for their fragrant fruits. Miller’s slip resulted in the typification of  Vanilla mexicana (Reveal 2009) with the illustration of a species that is neither aromatic nor native to Mexico.</p><p>Under  Epidendrum vanilla, Linnaeus listed the following elements: Epidendrum foliis ovato-oblongis nervosis, sessilibus caulinis, cirrhis spiralibus (van Royen 1740: 13, Linnaeus 1749: 13); Vanilla piperis arbori jamaicensis innascens (Plukenet 1696: 381); Vanille (Merian 1705: 25); Volubilis siliquosa, plantaginis folio (Catesby 1747: 7); Lobus aromaticus subfuscus terebinthi corniculis simili (Bauhin 1671: 404). Additional materials are indirectly listed by citation of a reference that contains it. For example, both Royen’s Florae Leydensis and Linnaeus’s Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis refer to Vanilla flore viridi &amp; albo, fructu nigrescente of Plumier, which is not directly cited here. From this is becomes clear that Linnaeus believed these elements belonged to a single taxon, the  Vanilla of commerce. Today we know that the materials in this list represent different, often unrelated,  Vanilla species, belonging to both aromatic and non-aromatic taxa (Karremans and Pupulin 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A85A0B42FAE51C2A7F66E06B7910052	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
1F8A17D67CD055C0869ECF5D50B5645D.text	1F8A17D67CD055C0869ECF5D50B5645D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla organensis Rolfe	<div><p>17.  Vanilla organensis Rolfe (Rolfe 1896: 452)</p><p>Fig. 2 G</p><p>Type.</p><p>BRAZIL •  Organ Mountains; Gardner 632; lectotype (designated by Soto-Arenas 2010: 385; plant with inflorescence on the bottom left side of the sheet, excluding the detached flower): K! [K 000463758]; isolectotypes: AMES! [AMES 00090735], G! [G 00618049], GH! [GH 00090735], K! [K 000463757, K 000463758], NY! [NY 00803972], US! [US 00093332], W! [W 0254006]; tracing W! [W 0254002]; remaining syntypes: Glaziou 14320, K! [K 000940254], P! [P 00367022]; Glaziou 11620, K! [K 000940255], P! [P 00367023]; Miers s. n., K! [K 000940253]  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>When proposing  Vanilla organensis, Rolfe listed four different collections, considered syntypes. Gardner 632 at the Lindley Herbarium (K) was selected by Soto-Arenas and Cribb (2010) as the lectotype, and four additional specimens were designated as isolectotypes. The sheet on which Gardner 632 (K) is conserved includes two other elements that do not belong to the same collection, a stem with inflorescence on the top right and a detached flower, which are excluded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F8A17D67CD055C0869ECF5D50B5645D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
04511549C7DE5C9F97CAA490FF404530.text	04511549C7DE5C9F97CAA490FF404530.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla oroana Dodson	<div><p>18.  Vanilla oroana Dodson (Dodson 2003: 210)</p><p>Fig. 2 H</p><p>Type.</p><p>ECUADOR – El Oro • 3.7 km N of junction of old and new roads from Piñas to Santa Rosa, 12 km west of  Piñas; 1400 m; 19 Apr. 1989; Dodson, Williams, Dressler, Whitten &amp; Embree 17951; holotype: MO! (ex RPSC) [MO 6777486]; isotypes: AMES! [AMES 00287585], K! [K 001551030], SEL! [SEL 003524], QCNE! [QCNE 10821]  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Soto-Arenas’s notes at AMO suggest that he was in the process of describing this species, maintaining the same epithet as “ Dodson ex Soto-Arenas, ” but for an unknown reason, did not effectively publish his manuscript. It appears that he intended to publish the name alongside with  Vanilla espondae Soto-Arenas, including an extensive description and illustration.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/04511549C7DE5C9F97CAA490FF404530	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
604990C498AA53FAA26A0B7AB56F7917.text	604990C498AA53FAA26A0B7AB56F7917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla ovata Rolfe	<div><p>19.  Vanilla ovata Rolfe (Rolfe 1896: 451)</p><p>Fig. 3 A</p><p>Type.</p><p>FRENCH GUIANA •  Cayenne; J. Martin s. n.; holotype: BM †, tracing K! [K 00396194]; lectotype (designated here): P! [P 00612112]  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Rolfe described  Vanilla ovata based on a single specimen conserved at the British Museum (BM). A tracing of this specimen can be found at Kew. However, no specimen fitting  Vanilla ovata is currently conserved at BM, and there are no collections by Martin in their records (Norbert Holstein pers. comm.). Given that the specimen seems to be long lost, the only known isotype at P is selected as lectotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/604990C498AA53FAA26A0B7AB56F7917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
F570C8BB4D9F586DB12C20CC9A842987.text	F570C8BB4D9F586DB12C20CC9A842987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla paludosa Pansarin, J. M. Aguiar & A. W. C. Ferreira	<div><p>20.  Vanilla paludosa Pansarin, J. M. Aguiar &amp; A. W. C. Ferreira (Pansarin et al. 2012: 157)</p><p>Fig. 3 B</p><p>Type.</p><p>BRAZIL – São Paulo • Brotas,  Fazenda Laranjal; 9 Jul. 2010; E. R. Pansarin, J. M. R. B. V. Aguiar &amp; A. W. C. Ferreira 1361; holotype: SPFR! [SPFR 15338]  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F570C8BB4D9F586DB12C20CC9A842987	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
AD543B8F43325717B4CCE51C33CE2132.text	AD543B8F43325717B4CCE51C33CE2132.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla parvifolia Barb. Rodr.	<div><p>21.  Vanilla parvifolia Barb. Rodr. (Barbosa-Rodrigues 1881: 271)</p><p>Fig. 3 C</p><p>Type.</p><p>BRAZIL – Parana • Curitiba; J. Barbosa Rodrigues s. n; holotype: †; lectotype (designated here): Barbosa Rodrigues’s original illustration at Biblioteca Barbosa Rodrigues, “ Iconographie des Orchidées du Brésil ” 1: tab. 49, cited as tab. 767 (then unpublished) in Barbosa-Rodrigues (1881: 271); copied and reproduced in black and white in Cogniaux (1893: t. 33); reproduced in colour in Sprunger et al. (1996: t. 49).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>It is believed that Barbosa’s herbarium was destroyed during a tropical deluge (Castro and Singer 2018). However, Barbosa made several illustrations of his species (Mori and Ferreira 1987). We have designated the unpublished illustration made for  Vanilla parvifolia as the lectotype, which was later reproduced by Cogniaux (1893) and published in Sprunger et al. (1996).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD543B8F43325717B4CCE51C33CE2132	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
BB41C99C368E53BCAD9ADC953A49E310.text	BB41C99C368E53BCAD9ADC953A49E310.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla perexilis Bertoni	<div><p>22.  Vanilla perexilis Bertoni (Bertoni 1910: 8)</p><p>Fig. 3 D</p><p>Type.</p><p>PARAGUAY •  Puerto Bertoni; Bertoni 3631; lectotype (designated here): SCP! [SCPD 00037]; remaining syntype: SCP! [SCPD 00040]  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The paper in which Bertoni published this species explicitly states that he was working on materials from his own herbarium (Bertoni 1910). Two specimens with the number Bertoni 3631 are deposited at SCP, and both conform to the protologue. Therefore, the richest of both specimens is selected as lectotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB41C99C368E53BCAD9ADC953A49E310	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
1C36B88A6245506DBEF7DAEA93909E9A.text	1C36B88A6245506DBEF7DAEA93909E9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla pfaviana Rchb. f.	<div><p>23.  Vanilla pfaviana Rchb. f. (Reichenbach 1883: 230)</p><p>Type.</p><p>COSTA RICA • “  Mexico ”; R. Pfau 269; holotype: W!, AMES! [00090736] sketch, K! [K 001784688] photograph  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The paper in which Reichenbach published this species explicitly states he is basing it solely on a sketch received from Pfau (Reichenbach 1883). There is a single sketch in his herbarium matching the protologue, and it is determined as ‘ Pfaviana’ in the author’s own handwriting. We find this sufficient to unambiguously determine it as the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C36B88A6245506DBEF7DAEA93909E9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
3A25C7A81DFE576791CEB0B3BEAD7967.text	3A25C7A81DFE576791CEB0B3BEAD7967.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla preussii Kraenzl.	<div><p>24.  Vanilla preussii Kraenzl. (Kraenzlin 1919: 320)</p><p>Type.</p><p>GUATEMALA •  Bei der Planzung El Baúl im Buschwald; Heisst bei den Eingeborenen “Vainilla silvestre”; Preuss 1445; holotype: B  †.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>It is believed that part of Kraenzlin’s herbarium was destroyed during the bombing of the Berlin Herbarium (Butzin 1978, 1980, 1981), and no original material of Kraenzlin’s  Vanilla preussii has been located in his private orchid collection at HBG (Christenson 1994; Schultz 2013, 2015). Since no original material is available for lectotypification, designating a neotype could be a suitable decision. However, no flowering material from Guatemala that matches the protologue of  Vanilla preussii has been located.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A25C7A81DFE576791CEB0B3BEAD7967	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
ED774EA50F495A35967F510E0D6427E5.text	ED774EA50F495A35967F510E0D6427E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla rebecae Archila & Chiron	<div><p>25.  Vanilla rebecae Archila &amp; Chiron (Archila et al. 2019: 74)</p><p>Type.</p><p>GUATEMALA – Alta Verapaz •  Municipio de Cobán; 800 m; Fredy Archila s. n.; holotype: BIGU not found  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>We were informed that the type collection was deposited at BIGU; however, as of the writing of this manuscript, it has not been located (Mario Véliz pers. comm.). Instead, we identified a spirit collection at BIGU labeled as “  Vanilla rebecae holotype, ” which contains flowers of  Vanilla planifolia Andrews.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED774EA50F495A35967F510E0D6427E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
A1FCCAAEE96E5BE49A27989DA8A51F7E.text	A1FCCAAEE96E5BE49A27989DA8A51F7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla rojasiana Hoehne	<div><p>26.  Vanilla rojasiana Hoehne (Hoehne 1941: 61)</p><p>Fig. 3 E</p><p>Type.</p><p>PARAGUAY – Estancia Princeza • Caguazu,  cult. Asunción; Apr. – May 1927; T. Rojas 5082; lectotype (designated here): SP! [SP 002433]; isolectotype: AMES! [AMES 00287650]; remaining syntype: T. Rojas 5082 A, SP not found  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>When describing  Vanilla rojasiana, Hoehne (1941) listed two specimens (T. Rojas 5082 and T. Rojas 5082 A) from different gatherings according to his collection dates (April 1927 and May 1927), which are considered syntypes. We found two specimens corresponding to 5082 at SP. Hereby, we select SP 002433 as lectotype, as it bears a dissection of the flower.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A1FCCAAEE96E5BE49A27989DA8A51F7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
0A53C5AC35605188A367D716A2F78F63.text	0A53C5AC35605188A367D716A2F78F63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla sarapiquensis Soto-Arenas	<div><p>27.  Vanilla sarapiquensis Soto-Arenas (Soto-Arenas 2010: 342)</p><p>Fig. 3 F</p><p>Type.</p><p>COSTA RICA – Heredia • Sarapiquí, Llanura de San Carlos.  Sardinal. Bosques residuales y tacotales camino a Finca Dos Loas; 70 m; 10 May 1995; J. F. Morales, E. Lépiz, V. H. Ramírez &amp; A. Rojas 408 2; holotype: CR! (ex INB) [CR 575513]; isotypes: FLAS! [FLAS 205834], MO! [MO 5175846!]  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Several photographs of the flower preserved in spirit used to compile the description were found among Soto-Arenas’s files at AMO.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A53C5AC35605188A367D716A2F78F63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
1654C7130ADE58689878AC1C2DA3B4E6.text	1654C7130ADE58689878AC1C2DA3B4E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla verrucosa Hauman	<div><p>28.  Vanilla verrucosa Hauman (Hauman 1917: 365)</p><p>Fig. 3 G, H</p><p>Type.</p><p>ARGENTINA – Misiones •  Piray; 29 Mar. 1901; Kermes 127; holotype: BAB! [BAB 00004760, two sheets]  .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Hauman (1917) described  Vanilla verrucosa and explicitly indicated the single specimen he used for his description, noting it was deposited at Herbario Ministerio de Agricultura (now BAB). Additionally, Hauman mentioned two other sterile specimens, which he suspected may belong to a different species. The holotype consists of two sheets, both sharing the same barcode, labelled as “ A ” and “ B ”. Both sheets are sterile: the sheet “ A ” bears the corresponding label and consists of a plant with several leaves and a short inflorescence with a few floral bracts, while the sheet “ B ” contains a stem without leaves but with roots.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1654C7130ADE58689878AC1C2DA3B4E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
52B5BE0095765E10955BD584B8B8CB92.text	52B5BE0095765E10955BD584B8B8CB92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vanilla yanesha Damian-Parizaca	<div><p>29.  Vanilla yanesha Damián-Parizaca (Damián-Parizaca 2019: 5)</p><p>Type.</p><p>PERU – Pasco • Oxapampa; Palcazu,  San Francisco de Pichanaz; 550 m a. s. l.; bosque secundario; 28 Feb. 2006; R. Rojas, J. Mateo &amp; C. Rojas 3947; holotype: USM! [USM 240875]; isotypes: HOXA! [HOXA 126525], MO! [MO 6049740]  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/52B5BE0095765E10955BD584B8B8CB92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander;Karremans, Adam P.;Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole;Cameron, Kenneth M.	Damián-Parizaca, Alexander, Karremans, Adam P., Mitidieri-Rivera-Rivera, Nicole, Cameron, Kenneth M. (2025): Towards a monograph of membranaceous Vanillas: a nomenclatural revision of Vanilla subgen. Vanilla (Vanilloideae, Orchidaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 158 (1): 111-121, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.140667
