identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A330B523FFC9957E89BFFB869FEF8DB2.text	A330B523FFC9957E89BFFB869FEF8DB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allium oculisandrasicum Eker 2025	<div><p>Allium oculisandrasicum Eker sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2).</p><p>Allium oculisandrasicum resembles A. phrygium and A. ankarense in having yellowish flowers, subglobose umbel, leaves shorter than the stem, and ± equal pedicels. It is easily distinguished from the former species by the longer neck (4–7 cm vs. 2–3 cm), tunic color (brown vs. black), shorter scape (9–25 cm vs. 20–50 cm), glabrous leaves and sheaths (vs. leaves scabrid at margins, sheaths densely scabrous or velutinous or sometimes hispid), longer leaves (10–20 cm vs. 7–10 cm), shorter spathe valves (the larger 3–7 cm and the smaller 1.5–2.5 cm vs. the larger 7–12 cm and the smaller 5–7 cm), shorter pedicels in flower (2–5 mm, shorter or slightly longer than perigone vs. 5–10 mm, 1.5–2 × as long as perigone), shape of tepals, longer filaments (4–5 mm vs. 3–3.5 mm), longer style (2–2.5 mm vs. 1–2 mm), and smaller capsule and its shape. It also differs in terms of habitat and elevation.</p><p>It is also easily distinguished from the latter species by structures of outer and inner bulb tunics, short scape (9–25 cm vs. 65–75 cm), number of leaves (3 vs. 2–3), shorter spathe valves (larger 3–7 cm and smaller 1.5–2.5 cm vs. larger 10–12 cm and smaller 6–8 cm), narrower umbel (1–2 cm vs. 2–3 cm), fewer flowers (10–40 vs. 80–100), shorter pedicels in flower (2–5 mm vs. 5–20 mm), shape, color, prominent midvein and sizes of perigone, longer filaments (± equal, 4–5 mm vs. unequal, outers 3.5–4 mm and inners 2–2.5 mm), ovary (ellipsoid-oblong vs. oblong-globose), and style length (2–2.5 mm vs. 1–2 mm). It also differs in terms of habitat, elevation, and flowering times (see also Table 1).</p><p>Type:— TÜRKİYE. Denizli: Beyağaç, Sandras Mountain, above Lake Kartal, alpine meadow, 2115 m of elevation, 04 August 2025, B. Topçuoğlu s.n. (holotype AIBU!; isotypes AIBU!) .</p><p>Bulb ovoid, 12–20 × 10–15 mm, without bulblets; outer tunics subcoriaceous to coriaceous, splitting into fibres, produced into a long neck (4–7 cm long), brown, and inner ones coriaceous, straw-colored. Leaves 3, hemicylindrical, ribbed, glabrous, 10–20 cm × c. 1 mm, shorter than stem. Scape 9–25 cm × 1–1.5 mm, erect to slightly flexuous, slender, cylindrical, smooth to striate, glabrous, dull green, covered by glabrous leaf sheaths for 1/3–1/2 of its length. Spathe persistent, bivalved, valves unequal, opposite, patent to erect-patent, narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, longer than umbel, the larger 3–7 cm long, the smaller 1.5–2.5 cm long. Umbel subglobose, 1–2 cm in diam., moderately dense, usually many flowered (10–40-flowered), without bulbil; pedicels slender, yellowish, ± equal, spreading and 2–5 mm long in flower, shorter or slightly longer than perigone in flower, becoming erect and extending to 10 mm in fruit. Perigone campanulate, tepals greenish-yellow with green or brown midvein, almost equal, 3.5–4 × 1.5–2 mm, the outers oblong-obovate, cymbiform, obtuse, and the inners elliptic-oblong, obtuse. Stamens excluded; filaments simple, subulate, white, ± equal, 1.10–1.30 × as long as perigone including annulus, 4–5 mm long and connate at base into an annulus c. 1 mm high; anthers yellow, oblong-ovate, rounded at the apex, c. 1 × 0.8 mm. Ovary ellipsoid-oblong, stipitate, papillose, greenish-yellow, c. 3 × 2 mm; style whitish, filiform, exserted (2–2.5 mm long), stigma punctiform. Capsule obovoid-trigonous or globoid-trigonous, green, 3.5–4 × 3–3.5 mm; seeds c. 3 × 1.5 mm, trapezoidal to hemispheroidal, surface reticulate, black.</p><p>Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting in July–August.</p><p>Etymology: —The new species was named as Allium oculisandrasicum, meaning the ‘ eyes of Sandras ’, because it grows on the summits of Mount Sandras.</p><p>Turkish common name of the new species: — Allium is called “ Soğan ” in Turkish. The author proposes “ Sandrasgözü soğanı ” as a vernacular name for A. oculisandrasicum according to the guidelines of Menemen et al. (2016).</p><p>Distribution and habitat: —The new species is exclusive to the alpine meadows on ophiolitic bedrock of Mount Sandras, within the borders of Muğla / Denizli provinces. Sandras Mountain, located in southwestern Anatolia, represents one of the major centers of plant diversity in Türkiye, characterized by a remarkably high rate of endemism. In recent years, new species continue to be discovered in the area. These species have been discovered near Allium oculisandrasicum . Some of them are as follows: Muscari serpentinicum Yıldırım, Altıoglu &amp; Pirhan in Pirhan et al. (2015: 3), Leopoldia muglaensis (Eker et al. 2020: 268) Eker (2022: 79), and Allium ayhan-toprakii Yıldırım in Özdöl et al. (2022: 233). Allium oculisandrasicum grows in very limited areas of alpine meadows at altitudes of 2115–2200 m on Mount Sandras. It is confined to this region and is floristically allied to the East Mediterranean element.</p><p>Species conservation assessment: —The new species was recorded from only one location, with fewer than 100 adult individuals and an estimated area of occupancy (AOO) of less than 1 km 2. Probably, it also occurs in similar habitats in the immediate surroundings. However, although the distribution of the new species is in a mountainous area, ongoing grazing activities as well as natural risks such as drought due to climate change, which pose a threat to the plant, were observed in the area. Therefore, due to its restricted population, number of locality (1), number of mature individuals, and the predicted future decline in population and habitat quality, the species may be classified as Critically Endangered-CR [B1ab(i, ii, iii) + 2ab(i, ii, iii)] (IUCN 2024).</p><p>Taxonomic relationships: —Due to morphological traits such as the presence of two unequal persistent spathe valves and the absence of flashy nectaries, the new species clearly belongs to sect. Codonoprasum. In terms of its flower characteristics, A. oculisandrasicum is related to A. phrygium and A. ankarense; however, these species are morphologically well-differentiated from each other and from other species in this section, which seem to be quite isolated taxonomically. These three species have the following features in common: the inflorescence is globose or clustered and dense, and the pedicels are ± equal in length and erect. Allium ankarense is known from a single location. It blooms in June on gypsum-bearing hills at elevations of 600– 625 m. Allium phrygium occurs in inner Western Anatolia below 2000 m, growing on rocky and stony roadside edges. Allium oculisandrasicum grows above 2000 m in alpine meadows on serpentine bedrock at the summits of the Sandras. Within the same section, Allium flavum Linneaus (1753: 298), A. pseudoflavum Vvedensky (1934: 123), and A. opacum Rechinger (1950: 302), which have yellowish flowers are distinguished from the other three by their spreading and loose inflorescences, and pedicels of varying lengths and drooping. Allium oculisandrasicum also differs from the recently described Allium ahmet-tirasii Yıldırım in Yıldırım et al. (2024: 103), another species with yellow flowers, in many morphological features such as larger bulbs, lack of bulblets, long necked tunics and tunic structure, number of leaves, spatha structure, umbel shape and pedicels length.</p><p>Selected specimens examined: — Allium phrygium . TÜRKİYE. Uşak: prope Ouchak Phrygiae, slope along road, 910 m of elevation, 1857, B. Balansa 1322 (lectotype: G-BOIS 00752204[!]; isolectotypes: JE 00006071 [!]; K 000802839 [!]; L 1442048 [!].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A330B523FFC9957E89BFFB869FEF8DB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Eker, İsmail	Eker, İsmail (2025): Allium oculisandrasicum (A. sect. Codonoprasum, Amaryllidaceae), a new species from Türkiye. Phytotaxa 733 (1): 135-142, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.733.1.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.733.1.6
