identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5D489C5D7A005CF3968CD622AF4D1F25.text	5D489C5D7A005CF3968CD622AF4D1F25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capnodium Mont.	<div><p>Capnodium Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 11: 233 (1849).</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Capnodium citri Berk. &amp; Desm., in Berkeley, Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 4: 252 (1849).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The sooty mold genus Capnodium was established by Montagne and is assigned to the family Capnodiaceae (Hyde et al. 2013) . Species of Capnodium are typically saprobic, developing on sugary exudates secreted by sap-feeding insects on the surfaces of living leaves. The thallus consists of superficial, irregular networks of gray-brown to brown mycelium, usually constricted at the septa (Chomnunti et al. 2011). Conidiomata are superficial and gregarious, often with a distinctly swollen basal to median region and a relatively short neck. Conidia are generally hyaline to pale brown, aseptate or occasionally septate, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, and often guttulate. According to MycoBank (https://www.mycobank.org, accessed February 2026), Capnodium currently comprises approximately 151 species; however, molecular sequence data are available for only a small proportion of these taxa. This limited availability of sequence data has constrained robust phylogenetic inference and species delimitation within the genus. Capnodium can be distinguished from other genera in Capnodiaceae primarily by the position of the swollen region of the conidiomatal structure, which is typically located in the median to basal part of the conidioma, forming a conspicuous swollen base. This diagnostic character remains one of the most reliable morphological features for generic delimitation within the family.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D489C5D7A005CF3968CD622AF4D1F25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
A878B1B1678E57F9B3A63B08DDE81C73.text	A878B1B1678E57F9B3A63B08DDE81C73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Capnodium neocoffeicola Abdollahz. & Crous	<div><p>Capnodium neocoffeicola Abdollahz. &amp; Crous, Stud. Mycol. 95: 396 (2020)</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>Description.</p><p>Epiphytic on the leaf surface of Ficus sp., forming a sooty coating on adaxial surface. Thallus composed of brown, septate, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled hyphae. Asexual morph. Conidiomata (158–292 μm, x ̄ = 254 μm, n = 10) long, pycnidial, elongate, superficial, stipitate, sessile or with short stalk (29–48 × 25–37 μm, x ̄ = 40 × 27 μm, n = 10), black, rigid, long neck (45–137 μm, x ̄ = 111 μm, n = 10), and a distinctive ovoid-swollen conidiogenous region located at the lower middle part of the conidiomata, the swollen area producing conidia inside. Conidiomata apex gradually light brown to hyaline, with a circular ostiole (7–10 µm, x ̄ = 9 µm, n = 10), consisting of rectangular, compact cells, surrounded by hyaline hyphae. Conidiogenous region (23–37 µm, x ̄ = 31 µm, n = 10) wide, brown, composed of cylindrical, thin-walled cells. Conidia (3.5–5.2 × 1.6–2.3 μm, x ̄ = 4.2 × 1.9 μm, n = 30), hyaline, single-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, guttulate with 1–2 distinct refractive oil droplets, exuding in creamy masses from the ostiole. Sexual morph. Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies slow-growing, reaching 16.22 mm in diam after 14 days on PDA in darkness, colony superficial to erumpent, sometimes hyphae growing downwards and immersed into media. Margin black, center olive green, surface velvety with verrucose patches, hyphal branches evident at the margin.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guizhou Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.95333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.141945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.95333/lat 25.141945)">Xingyi City</a>, on living leaves of Ficus sp. (25°8'31"N, 104°57'12"E), 30 June 2023, Yuwei Liu, MLH 5 (IFRD 99015), living culture IFRDCC 19-1201 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, Capnodium neocoffeicola (IFRDCC 19-1201) and Capnodium neocoffeicola (CBS 139614) form a sister clade, with a BS / PP support value of 100 % / 0.99. The two strains exhibit no nucleotide differences in molecular data and show no significant differences in morphological characteristics (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020). Therefore, the species represented by this strain is identified as the known species, Capnodium neocoffeicola . This species represents the first record in China, and it is also the first isolation from the plant host Ficus sp., with the acquisition of ITS, LSU, tef 1-α, and rpb 2 sequences.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A878B1B1678E57F9B3A63B08DDE81C73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
98D03EE368DC5144A7D1A5BD1ED87B27.text	98D03EE368DC5144A7D1A5BD1ED87B27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conidiocarpus bijieense J. P. Sun & X. Y. Zeng 2026	<div><p>Conidiocarpus bijieense J. P. Sun &amp; X. Y. Zeng sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This name refers to the location of “ Bijie City, ” where the complete specimens were collected.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from Conidiocarpus cinnamomi X. Y. Li &amp; C. L. Yang by significantly smaller conidiomata, narrower bases, wider ostioles, narrower conidiogenous, and smaller conidia. Differs from Conidiocarpus luodianense J. P. Sun &amp; X. Y. Zeng by significantly smaller conidiomata and narrower conidiogenous.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>IFRD 99013.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Epiphytic on the leaf surface of Ficus sp., forming a sooty coating on adaxial surface. Thallus composed of brown, septate, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled hyphae. Asexual morph. Conidiomata (380–420 × 14–22 µm, x ̄ = 400 × 18 µm, n = 10) long, pycnidial, elongate, superficial, stipitate, with a long - stalk, black, rigid, a distinct neck, and a prominently ovoid-swollen conidiogenous region, the swollen area producing conidia inside. Conidiomata apex gradually light brown to hyaline, with a circular ostiole (9.7–11.3 µm, x ̄ = 10.4 µm, n = 10) diam, consisting of rectangular, compact cells, surrounded by hyaline hyphae. Conidiogenous region (27–33 µm, x ̄ = 30 µm, n = 10) wide, located in the upper-middle part of the conidiomata, brown, composed of cylindrical, thin-walled cells. Conidia (2.6–3.8 × 1.6–2 µm, x ̄ = 3.2 × 1.8 µm, n = 30), hyaline, single-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, guttulate with 1–2 distinct refractive oil droplets, exuding in creamy masses from the ostiole. Sexual morph. Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies slow growing, reaching 21.62 mm diam after 14 days at 26 ° C in darkness on PDA, colony superficial to gradually erumpent, with hyphae growing downward and immersed in medium, olivaceous.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guizhou Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.338615&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.959723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.338615/lat 26.959723)">Bijie City</a>, on living leaves of Ficus sp. (26°57'35"N, 105°20'19"E), 23 July 2023, Yuwei Liu, BJ-2 (IFRD 99013, holotype), ex-type living culture IFRDCC 19-1189 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, Conidiocarpus bijieense is represented by two strains (IFRDCC 19-1189 and IFRDCC 19-1186) and forms a distinct lineage close to C. cinnamomi (SICAU 23-0100) and C. luodianense (IFRDCC 19-1183), with BS / PP support values of 94 % / 0.96. After the inclusion of the recently described C. nanshanense (IFRDCC 25-0001), C. bijieense remains distinct from C. cinnamomi, C. luodianense, and the neighboring C. nanshanense lineage. The ex-type living culture of C. bijieense (IFRDCC 19-1189) yielded sequence data for ITS, LSU, and tef 1-α, but not for rpb 2. Therefore, comparison of the rpb 2 locus was supplemented using C. bijieense (IFRDCC 19-1186), which belongs to the same lineage. Compared with C. cinnamomi (SICAU 23-0100), C. bijieense showed the strongest molecular differentiation in tef 1-α (98.47 %, 770 / 782 bp, 0 gaps), followed by rpb 2 (99.77 %, 875 / 877 bp, 0 gaps) and ITS (99.78 %, 453 / 454 bp, 1 gap), whereas LSU showed no nucleotide differences. Compared with C. luodianense (IFRDCC 19-1183), C. bijieense showed differences in tef 1-α (98.63 %, 864 / 876 bp, 0 gaps) and rpb 2 (98.86 %, 957 / 968 bp, 7 gaps), whereas ITS and LSU showed no nucleotide differences. These results indicate that the distinction of C. bijieense is supported mainly by protein-coding loci, especially tef 1-α and rpb 2, rather than by ribosomal markers alone. Morphologically, C. bijieense (IFRDCC 19-1189) differs from C. cinnamomi (SICAU 23-0100) in having smaller conidiomata (380–420 μm vs. 500–860 μm), narrower bases (14–22 μm vs. 26–47 μm), wider ostioles (9.7–11.3 μm vs. 4–8 μm), narrower conidiogenous regions (27–33 μm vs. 37–57 μm), and smaller conidia (2.6–3.8 × 1.6–2 μm vs. 4.5–5.2 × 1.9–2.8 μm) (Yang et al. 2025). It differs from C. luodianense (IFRDCC 19-1183) in having smaller conidiomata (380–420 μm vs. 487–527 μm) and narrower conidiogenous regions (27–33 μm vs. 32–38 μm) (this study, above). It also differs from C. nanshanense (IFRDCC 25-0001) in having narrower bases (14–22 μm vs. 27–53 μm) and smaller conidia (2.6–3.8 × 1.6–2 μm vs. 4.1–6.4 × 2.4–3.3 μm) (Sun et al. 2026). These stable morphological differences, together with its independent phylogenetic placement and protein-coding gene differentiation, support the recognition of C. bijieense as a distinct species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/98D03EE368DC5144A7D1A5BD1ED87B27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
F4D7CF1C135E550981787468E6D365B9.text	F4D7CF1C135E550981787468E6D365B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conidiocarpus caucasicus Woron.	<div><p>Conidiocarpus caucasicus Woron. Key to fungi (fungi imperfecti) 2: 743 (1917).</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Description.</p><p>Epiphytic on the leaf surface of Viburnum utile, forming a sooty coating on adaxial surface. Thallus composed of brown, septate, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled hyphae. Asexual morph. Conidiomata (390–576 × 34–84 µm, x ̄ = 486 × 47 µm, n = 20) long, pycnidial, elongate, superficial, stipitate, with a long - stalk (173–357 µm, x ̄ = 266 µm, n = 20), black, rigid, a distinct neck (101–157 µm, x ̄ = 124 µm, n = 20) height, and a prominently ovoid-swollen conidiogenous region, the swollen area producing conidia inside. Conidiomata apex gradually light brown to hyaline, with a circular ostiole (10–18 µm, x ̄ = 12 µm, n = 20) diam, consisting of rectangular, compact cells, surrounded by hyaline hyphae. Conidiogenous region (30–47 µm, x ̄ = 38 µm, n = 20) wide, located in the upper-middle part of the conidiomata, brown, composed of cylindrical, thin-walled cells. Conidia (4–5.7 × 2.4–3.3 µm, x ̄ = 5.2 × 2.9 µm, n = 30), hyaline, single-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, guttulate with 1–2 distinct refractive oil droplets, exuding in creamy masses from the ostiole. Sexual morph. Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies slow growing, reaching 21.61 mm diam after 14 days at 26 ° C in darkness on PDA, colony superficial to gradually erumpent, with hyphae growing downward and immersed in medium, olivaceous.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guizhou Province, Guiyang City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.674995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.450834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.674995/lat 26.450834)">Huaxi Park</a>, on living leaves of Viburnum utile (26°27'03"N, 106°40'30"E), 31 August 2025, Jipeng Sun, HX-3 (IFRD 900-13), living culture IFRDCC 25-0006 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, the four strains of Conidiocarpus caucasicus obtained in this study (IFRDCC 19-1195, IFRDCC 25-0006, IFRDCC 19-1192, and IFRDCC 19-1159) clustered together with C. caucasicus (UESTCC 23.0246) in a single clade, with BS / PP support values of 93 % / 0.99. C. caucasicus (GUMH 937) is historically important as reference material of C. caucasicus (Khodaparast 2006), but within the four-locus dataset used in the present study, only LSU is directly comparable for this material. Pairwise LSU comparison between C. caucasicus (GUMH 937) and C. caucasicus (UESTCC 23.0246) showed high similarity (99.88 %, 808 / 809 bp, 0 gaps). However, LSU also showed similarly high similarities among several closely related Conidiocarpus taxa in this clade, indicating limited species-level resolution. Therefore, C. caucasicus (UESTCC 23.0246), which was provided with morphology and ITS, LSU, tef 1-α, and rpb 2 sequence data by Tian et al. (2024), was used here as the directly comparable reference culture for interpreting the newly collected Guizhou strains in the present multilocus framework. The Guizhou strains are phylogenetically consistent with C. caucasicus (UESTCC 23.0246) and are therefore treated as C. caucasicus . Minor morphological differences observed between the present collections and previously published material are interpreted as intraspecific variation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4D7CF1C135E550981787468E6D365B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
6E754047D76A5618937AF8F084094C90.text	6E754047D76A5618937AF8F084094C90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conidiocarpus cinnamomi X. Y. Li & C. L. Yang	<div><p>Conidiocarpus cinnamomi X. Y. Li &amp; C. L. Yang Mycosphere 16 (1): 1882 (2025)</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Description.</p><p>Epiphytic on the leaf surface of Forsythia suspensa, forming a sooty coating on adaxial surface. Thallus composed of brown, septate, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled hyphae. Asexual morph. Conidiomata (282–398 × 25–53 µm, x ̄ = 375 × 39 µm, n = 20) long, pycnidial, elongate, superficial, stipitate, with a long - stalk (138–275 µm, x ̄ = 194 µm, n = 15), black, rigid, a distinct neck (62–126 µm, x ̄ = 96 µm, n = 20) height, and a prominently ovoid-swollen conidiogenous region, the swollen area producing conidia inside. Conidiomata apex gradually light brown to hyaline, with a circular ostiole (7–16 µm, x ̄ = 12 µm, n = 20) diam, consisting of rectangular, compact cells, surrounded by hyaline hyphae. Conidiogenous region (22–39 µm, x ̄ = 32 µm, n = 20) wide, located in the upper-middle part of the conidiomata, brown, composed of cylindrical, thin-walled cells. Conidia (4–5.5 × 2.1–3.9 μm, x ̄ = 4.5 × 2.5 µm, n = 30), hyaline, single-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, guttulate with 1–2 distinct refractive oil droplets, exuding in creamy masses from the ostiole. Sexual morph. Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies growing on PDA reaching 22.63 mm in diam after 14 days at 26 ° C in the dark, colony surface gradually erumpent, with hyphae growing downward and immersed in the medium, olivaceous.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guizhou Province, Huaxi District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.674995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.450834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.674995/lat 26.450834)">Huaxi Park</a>, on living leaves of Forsythia suspensa (26°27'03"N, 106°40'30"E), 24 August 2025, Jipeng Sun, HX-4 (IFRD 900-12), living culture IFRDCC 25-0005 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, six newly collected strains of Conidiocarpus cinnamomi (IFRDCC 25-0005, IFRDCC 19-1150, IFRDCC 19-1174, IFRDCC 19-1168, IFRDCC 19-1165, and IFRDCC 19-1171) clustered with C. cinnamomi SICAU 23-0100 in a single clade with BS / PP support values of 95 % / 0.93. Molecular sequence comparison revealed no nucleotide differences between C. cinnamomi (IFRDCC 25-0005) and C. cinnamomi (SICAU 23-0100). However, slight morphological differences were observed between C. cinnamomi (IFRDCC 25-0005) and C. cinnamomi (SICAU 23-0100), particularly in conidiomatal size, neck length, and ostiole dimensions. Because these differences were not accompanied by molecular divergence in the examined loci, they are interpreted here as intraspecific variation rather than evidence for species-level separation. Similar minor quantitative variation has also been reported in other Capnodiaceae taxa (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020; Thungdee et al. 2023; Tian et al. 2024), suggesting that such size-related characters should be interpreted cautiously in species delimitation. Accordingly, the strains examined here are identified as the known species C. cinnamomi .</p><p>In this study, the six newly collected strains of C. cinnamomi were isolated from six collected specimens representing five host taxa, namely Forsythia suspensa, Eriobotrya sp., Lauraceae sp., Viburnum sp., and Phyllostachys sp. These collections represent the first record of C. cinnamomi from Guizhou Province, China, and expand the known host range of this species. This study also provides ITS, LSU, tef 1-α, and rpb 2 sequence data for all examined strains, together with corresponding host information.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E754047D76A5618937AF8F084094C90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
9457C932C22756F398EB1157F01593C5.text	9457C932C22756F398EB1157F01593C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conidiocarpus guilanensis Khodap.	<div><p>Conidiocarpus guilanensis Khodap., Mycological Progress 19 (2): 161 (2020).</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Description.</p><p>Epiphytic on the leaf surface of Rubus lambertianus, forming a sooty coating on adaxial surface. Thallus composed of brown, septate, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled hyphae. Asexual morph. Conidiomata (384–578 × 25–41 µm, x ̄ = 457 × 33 µm, n = 15) long, pycnidial, elongate, superficial, stipitate, with a long - stalk (173–378 µm, x ̄ = 287 µm, n = 15), black, rigid, short neck (32–62 µm, x ̄ = 50 µm, n = 15), and a distinctive ovoid-swollen conidiogenous region, the swollen area producing conidia inside. Conidiomata apex gradually light brown to hyaline, with a circular ostiole (7–18 µm, x ̄ = 12 µm, n = 15), consisting of rectangular, compact cells, surrounded by hyaline hyphae. Conidiogenous region (18–37 µm, x ̄ = 25 µm, n = 15) wide, located in the upper-middle part of the conidiomata, brown, composed of cylindrical, thin-walled cells. Conidia (3.8–5 × 1.6–2.8 μm, x ̄ = 4.4 × 2.3 μm, n = 30), hyaline, single-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, guttulate without distinct refractive oil droplet, exuding in creamy masses from the ostiole. Sexual morph. Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies slow growing, reaching 14.96 mm diam after 14 days at 26 ° C in darkness on PDA, colony superficial to gradually erumpent, with hyphae growing downward and immersed in medium, olivaceous. The initially hyaline PDA medium is discolored to rust-colored as the fungal pigments diffuse into the substrate and accumulate over the cultivation period.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guizhou Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.849724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.039999" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.849724/lat 28.039999)">Zunyi City</a>, on living leaves of Rubus lambertianus (28°02'24"N, 106°50'59"E), 23 October 2025, Jipeng Sun, ZY-15 (IFRD 900-14), living culture IFRDCC 25-0007 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, two newly collected strains of Conidiocarpus guilanensis (IFRDCC 19-1213 and IFRDCC 25-0007), isolated from living leaves of Ficus sp. and Rubus lambertianus, respectively, clustered together with C. guilanensis (IRAN 2474 C) in a single clade, with BS / PP support values of 100 % / 1.00. Because only ITS sequence data are available for C. guilanensis (IRAN 2474 C), and no LSU, tef 1-α, or rpb 2 sequences have been generated for this strain, molecular comparisons could be conducted only for the ITS region. Sequence comparison revealed that C. guilanensis (IFRDCC 25-0007) shows no nucleotide differences in the ITS region compared with C. guilanensis (IRAN 2474 C), and no significant morphological differences were observed between these two strains (Khodaparast et al. 2020).</p><p>When compared with C. guilanensis (IFRDCC 19-1213), C. guilanensis (IFRDCC 25-0007) exhibits a more distinct neck and a clearly ovoid swollen conidiogenous region. However, these morphological differences are minor and are not accompanied by phylogenetic separation; they are therefore interpreted here as intraspecific variation rather than evidence for species-level separation. The morphological features of C. guilanensis (IFRDCC 19-1213) are illustrated in Suppl. material 2. The two Chinese strains represent the first record of C. guilanensis from China. In addition, complete four-locus sequence data, including ITS, LSU, tef 1-α, and rpb 2, are provided for C. guilanensis (IFRDCC 25-0007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9457C932C22756F398EB1157F01593C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
B8D7CE92835A5E329D6EDC452E880E55.text	B8D7CE92835A5E329D6EDC452E880E55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conidiocarpus luodianense J. P. Sun & X. Y. Zeng 2026	<div><p>Conidiocarpus luodianense J. P. Sun &amp; X. Y. Zeng sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This name refers to the location of “ Luodian County, ” where the complete specimens were collected.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from Conidiocarpus cinnamomi X. Y. Li &amp; C. L. Yang by significantly shorter conidiomata, narrower bases with conspicuously wider ostioles, and smaller conidia. Differs from Conidiocarpus tainingense J. P. Sun &amp; X. Y. Zeng by significantly narrow bases and smaller conidia.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>IFRD 99011.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Epiphytic on the leaf surface of Citrus maxima, forming a sooty coating on adaxial surface. Thallus composed of brown, septate, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled hyphae. Asexual morph. Conidiomata (487–527 × 10–18 µm, x ̄ = 507 × 14 µm, n = 10) long, pycnidial, elongate, superficial, stipitate, with a long - stalk, black, rigid, a distinct neck, and a prominently ovoid-swollen conidiogenous region, the swollen area producing conidia inside. Conidiogenous region (32–38 µm, x ̄ = 35 µm, n = 10) wide, located in the upper-middle part of the conidiomata, brown, composed of cylindrical, thin-walled cells. Conidiomata apex gradually light brown to hyaline, with a circular ostiole (8.5–10.1 µm, x ̄ = 9.2 µm, n = 10) diam, consisting of rectangular, compact cells, surrounded by hyaline hyphae. Conidia (2.6–3.8 × 1.6–2 µm, x ̄ = 3.2 × 1.8 µm, n = 30), hyaline, single-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, guttulate without distinct refractive oil droplet, exuding in creamy masses from the ostiole. Sexual morph. Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies slow growing, reaching 19.8 mm diam after 14 days at 26 ° C in darkness on PDA, colony superficial to gradually erumpent, with hyphae growing downward and fine, downy filaments immersed in medium, olivaceous.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guizhou Province, Luodian County, on living leaves of Citrus maxima (25°21'38"N, 106°30'36"E), 14 May 2022, Yuwei Liu, BY-5 (IFRD 99011, holotype), ex-type living culture IFRDCC 19-1183 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, Conidiocarpus luodianense is represented by three strains (IFRDCC 19-1153, IFRDCC 19-1177, and IFRDCC 19-1183) and forms a distinct lineage close to C. cinnamomi, with BS / PP support values of 98 % / 0.99. Conidiocarpus nanshanense is resolved in a neighboring lineage, whereas C. luodianense remains distinct. Among the examined loci, rpb 2 provides the strongest molecular signal for separating C. luodianense from C. cinnamomi . Pairwise sequence comparisons between C. luodianense (IFRDCC 19-1183) and C. cinnamomi (SICAU 23-0100) showed 98.43 % similarity in rpb 2 (819 / 832 bp, 7 gaps), 99.14 % similarity in ITS (462 / 466 bp, 1 gap), and no nucleotide differences in LSU and tef 1-α. However, the recognition of C. luodianense is not based on rpb 2 alone. Morphologically, C. luodianense differs from C. cinnamomi mainly in having markedly narrower bases (10–18 μm vs. 26–47 μm), smaller conidia (3.2 × 1.8 μm vs. 5.5 × 2.8 μm), wider ostioles (8.5–10.1 μm vs. 4–8 μm), and generally shorter conidiomata (487–527 μm vs. 500–860 μm) (Yang et al. 2025). It also differs from C. nanshanense in having markedly narrower bases (10–18 μm vs. 27–53 μm) and smaller conidia (2.6–3.8 × 1.6–2 μm vs. 4.1–6.4 × 2.4–3.3 μm) (Sun et al. 2026). These differences, together with its independent phylogenetic placement, support the recognition of C. luodianense as a distinct species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B8D7CE92835A5E329D6EDC452E880E55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
368A9CC1E56359B78B66C8CCED20567E.text	368A9CC1E56359B78B66C8CCED20567E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conidiocarpus tainingense J. P. Sun & X. Y. Zeng 2026	<div><p>Conidiocarpus tainingense J. P. Sun &amp; X. Y. Zeng sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This name refers to the location of “ Taining County, ” where the complete specimens were collected.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from Conidiocarpus caucasicus Woron. by significantly narrower bases, ostioles, and conidiogenous. Differs from Conidiocarpus cinnamomi X. Y. Li &amp; C. L. Yang by significantly smaller conidiomata, wider ostioles, and narrower conidiogenous.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>IFRD 900-24.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Epiphytic on the leaf surface of Camellia sp., forming a sooty coating on adaxial surface. Thallus composed of brown, septate, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled hyphae. Asexual morph. Conidiomata (424–504 × 23–32 µm, x ̄ = 454 × 26 µm, n = 10) long, pycnidial, elongate, superficial, stipitate, with a long - stalk, black, rigid, a distinct neck, and a prominently ovoid-swollen conidiogenous region, the swollen area producing conidia inside. Conidiomata apex gradually light brown to hyaline, with a circular ostiole (7–13 µm, x ̄ = 10 µm, n = 10) diam, consisting of rectangular, compact cells, surrounded by hyaline hyphae. Conidiogenous region (29–34 µm, x ̄ = 31 µm, n = 10) wide, located in the upper-middle part of the conidiomata, brown, composed of cylindrical, thin-walled cells. Conidia (4.8–5.5 × 1.7–2.2 μm, x ̄ = 5.1 × 1.9 μm, n = 30), hyaline, single-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, guttulate without distinct refractive oil droplet, exuding in creamy masses from the ostiole. Sexual morph. Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies slow growing, reaching 11.13 mm diam after 14 days at 26 ° C in darkness on PDA, colony superficial to gradually erumpent, with hyphae growing downward and fine, downy filaments immersed in medium, olivaceous.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Fujian Province, Taining County, on living leaves of Camellia sp. (26°54'22"N, 117°4'11"E), 3 September 2022, Yuwei Liu, TN-10 (IFRD 900-24, holotype), ex-type living culture IFRDCC 19-1198 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, Conidiocarpus tainingense (IFRDCC 19-1198) clustered in a strongly supported lineage together with several previously unnamed Conidiocarpus strains reported by Abdollahzadeh et al. (2020), namely Conidiocarpus sp. (CBS 139818, CBS 139819, CBS 139820, CBS 139821, CPC 17778, CPC 20463, CPC 20465, CPC 20472, and CPC 21380), with BS / PP support values of 100 % / 1.00. Host / substrate metadata are available for several of these previously published strains. However, those strains were not re-examined morphologically in the present study, and therefore, direct strain-by-strain morphological comparison was not possible. The Chinese specimen IFRD 900 -24 / IFRDCC 19-1198 provides directly observed morphology, culture characteristics, and four-locus sequence data for this lineage. On this basis, the lineage is here formally named Conidiocarpus tainingense . Two additional unnamed strains reported by Abdollahzadeh et al. (2020), Conidiocarpus sp. (CPC 20464 and CPC 20468), were not included in this comparison because they were resolved in a separate subclade associated with Conidiocarpus siamensis (MFLUCC 10-0061) rather than in the previously unnamed lineage corresponding to C. tainingense . Because C. siamensis (MFLUCC 10-0061) is represented only by ITS and LSU in Abdollahzadeh et al. (2020), that subclade is not directly comparable at the same four-locus resolution used here for C. tainingense .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/368A9CC1E56359B78B66C8CCED20567E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
A805B4853AE75E7A9C5272449601FFED.text	A805B4853AE75E7A9C5272449601FFED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conidiocarpus Woron.	<div><p>Conidiocarpus Woron., Ann. Mycol. 24: 250 (1927)</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Conidiocarpus caucasicus Woron., Key to fungi (fungi imperfecti) 2: 743 (1917).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Conidiocarpus was previously regarded as the asexual morph of Phragmocapnias and was treated as a synonym of Phragmocapnias by earlier authors (Hughes 1976; Chomnunti et al. 2011; Chomnunti et al. 2014; Hongsanan et al. 2015). However, Abdollahzadeh et al. (2020) treated Conidiocarpus and Phragmocapnias as separate genera based on morphology and multilocus phylogeny, and this treatment has been followed in subsequent phylogenetic studies. Based on recent taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, Conidiocarpus currently includes 16 named species (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020; Khodaparast et al. 2020; Tennakoon et al. 2021; Pem et al. 2024; Yang et al. 2025; Sun et al. 2026). Species represented by molecular data are mainly interpreted according to their placement as independent lineages in multilocus phylogenetic analyses, together with diagnostic morphological characters. Names lacking molecular data are retained according to their original morphological descriptions and nomenclatural treatments, but their phylogenetic positions remain unconfirmed until sequence data become available. Conidiocarpus is distinguished from other genera by pycnidial conidiomata with the swollen conidiogenous region located in the upper-middle part of the conidioma, usually accompanied by an elongated basal part and a long stalk (Chomnunti et al. 2011; Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A805B4853AE75E7A9C5272449601FFED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
F6E07C87FAE85341997D809072B21FEF.text	F6E07C87FAE85341997D809072B21FEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyphopolychaeton cengongense J. P. Sun & X. Y. Zeng 2026	<div><p>Hyphopolychaeton cengongense J. P. Sun &amp; X. Y. Zeng sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This name refers to the location of “Cengong County,” where the complete specimens were collected.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from Hyphopolychaeton duyunense by significantly smaller conidiomata, wider ostioles, and wider conidiogenous structure.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>IFRD 900-23.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Epiphytic on the leaf surface of Lagerstroemia indica, forming a sooty coating on adaxial surface. Thallus composed of brown, septate, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled hyphae. Asexual morph. Conidiomata (132–188 × 13–33 µm, x ̄ = 156 × 32 µm, n = 20) long, pycnidial, elongate, superficial, stipitate, with a short - stalk (27–64 μm, x ̄ = 48 µm, n = 20), black, rigid, lacking neck, and a distinctive ovoid-swollen conidiogenous region, the swollen area producing conidia inside. Conidiomata apex gradually light brown to hyaline, with a circular ostiole (16–37 µm, x ̄ = 24 µm, n = 20), consisting of rectangular, compact cells, surrounded by hyaline hyphae. Conidiogenous region (23–52 μm, x ̄ = 35 µm, n = 20) wide, located in the apex part of the conidiomata, brown, composed of cylindrical, thin-walled cells. Conidia (3.6–6.2 × 2–3 μm, x ̄ = 5.2 × 2.4 μm, n = 30), hyaline, single-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, guttulate with 1–2 distinct refractive oil droplets, exuding in creamy masses from the ostiole. Sexual morph. Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colony up to 25.41 mm diam at 26 ° C on PDA after 14 days in darkness. Colony superficial to erumpent, velvety, with an entire margin, margin black, center olive green.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guizhou Province, Cengong County, on living leaves of Lagerstroemia indica . (27°11'55"N, 108°44'07"E), 14 July 2025, Jipeng Sun, Cg 2-3 (IFRD 900-23, holotype), ex-type living culture IFRDCC 25-0020 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, Hyphopolychaeton cengongense is represented by four strains (IFRDCC 25-0018, IFRDCC 25-0019, IFRDCC 25-0020, and IFRDCC 25-0017) from three specimens, which formed a distinct lineage with high ML bootstrap support (BS / PP = 97 % / -). Hy. cengongense is most closely related to Hy. duyunense . Pairwise sequence comparisons between Hy. cengongense (IFRDCC 25-0020) and Hy. duyunense (IFRDCC 25-0011) showed no nucleotide differences in ITS, LSU, and tef 1-α, whereas the rpb 2 region showed 99.19 % similarity (859 / 866 bp, 1 gap). Although this molecular difference is limited, the two taxa were resolved as separate clades in the combined four-locus phylogeny and differ in stable, non-overlapping morphological characters. Morphologically, Hy. cengongense differs from Hy. duyunense in having much smaller conidiomata (132–188 μm vs. 612–802 μm), much shorter stalks (13–33 μm vs. 357–611 μm), wider ostioles (16–37 μm vs. 10–17 μm), and wider conidiogenous structures (23–52 μm vs. 16–26 μm) (this study, above). Therefore, Hy. cengongense is treated as distinct from Hy. duyunense based on the combined evidence of phylogenetic separation, rpb 2 differentiation, and stable morphology.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F6E07C87FAE85341997D809072B21FEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
E614CC175CDB52C48747B8CC42CC2490.text	E614CC175CDB52C48747B8CC42CC2490.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyphopolychaeton duyunense J. P. Sun & X. Y. Zeng 2026	<div><p>Hyphopolychaeton duyunense J. P. Sun &amp; X. Y. Zeng sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This name refers to the location of “ Duyun City, ” where the complete specimens were collected.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>It differs from other species in the genus by having an ellipsoidal swollen part of the conidiogenous structure, which is located at the apex of the conidiomata and lacks a long neck.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>IFRD 99052.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Epiphytic on the leaf surface of Laurus nobilis, forming a sooty coating on adaxial surface. Thallus composed of brown, septate, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled hyphae. Asexual morph. Conidiomata (612–802 × 27–62 µm, x ̄ = 677 × 47 µm, n = 20) long, pycnidial, elongate, superficial, stipitate, with a long - stalk (357–611 µm, x ̄ = 528 µm, n = 20), black, rigid, lacking neck, and a distinctive ovoid-swollen conidiogenous region, the swollen area producing conidia inside. Conidiomata apex gradually light brown to hyaline, with a circular ostiole (10–17 µm, x ̄ = 13 µm, n = 20), consisting of rectangular, compact cells, surrounded by hyaline hyphae. Conidiogenous region (16–26 μm, x ̄ = 20 µm, n = 20) wide, located in the apex part of the conidiomata, brown, composed of cylindrical, thin-walled cells. Conidia (3.4–4.9 × 1.7–2.8 μm, x ̄ = 4.1 × 2.1 μm, n = 30), hyaline, single-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, guttulate without distinct refractive oil droplet, exuding in creamy masses from the ostiole. Sexual morph. Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colony up to 8.4 mm diam at 26 ° C on PDA after 14 days in darkness. Colony superficial to erumpent, velvety, with an entire margin, margin black, center olive green.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guizhou Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.37862&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.3675" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.37862/lat 26.3675)">Duyun City</a>, on living leaves of Laurus nobilis . (26°22'03"N, 107°22'43"E), 30 May 2025, Jipeng Sun, Du 18-1 (IFRD 99052, holotype), ex-type living culture IFRDCC 25-0011 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, Hyphopolychaeton duyunense is represented by nine strains from eight specimens (IFRDCC 25-0011, IFRDCC 25-0013, IFRDCC 25-0014, IFRDCC 25-0008, IFRDCC 25-0015, IFRDCC 25-0010, IFRDCC 25-0009, IFRDCC 25-0012, and IFRDCC 25-0016). These strains formed a distinct lineage with strong support (BS / PP = 99 % / 1.00) and were recovered as a lineage closely related to Conidiocarpus and Phragmocapnias . Hyphopolychaeton duyunense is most closely related to Hy. cengongense . Pairwise sequence comparisons between Hy. duyunense (IFRDCC 25-0011) and Hy. cengongense (IFRDCC 25-0020) showed no nucleotide differences in ITS, LSU, and tef 1-α, whereas the rpb 2 region showed 99.19 % similarity (859 / 866 bp, 1 gap). In the combined four-locus phylogeny, however, strains of Hy. duyunense and Hy. cengongense were resolved as two distinct clades, with no intermixing between the two lineages. Additional pairwise comparisons showed that the lowest rpb 2 similarity within Hy. duyunense was 99.24 % (920 / 927 bp, 2 gaps), and that within Hy. cengongense was 99.88 % (864 / 865 bp, 0 gaps). Thus, the rpb 2 divergence between the two species is slightly greater than the maximum intraspecific divergence observed within either species in the present sampling. Nevertheless, the recognition of these two species is not based on rpb 2 divergence alone. Morphologically, Hy. duyunense differs markedly from Hy. cengongense in having much larger conidiomata (612–802 μm vs. 132–188 μm), much longer stalks (357–611 μm vs. 13–33 μm), narrower ostioles (10–17 μm vs. 16–37 μm), and narrower conidiogenous structures (16–26 μm vs. 23–52 μm) (this study, below). These differences are substantial and non-overlapping and are therefore interpreted, together with the independent four-locus phylogenetic lineages, as stable interspecific distinctions rather than simple intraspecific variation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E614CC175CDB52C48747B8CC42CC2490	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
EF70B0B3B29B5A8FAFC9B85223C3095E.text	EF70B0B3B29B5A8FAFC9B85223C3095E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyphopolychaeton J. P. Sun & X. Y. Zeng 2026	<div><p>Hyphopolychaeton J. P. Sun &amp; X. Y. Zeng gen. nov.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Hyphopolychaeton duyunense J. P. Sun &amp; X. Y. Zeng, sp. nov.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Thallus epiphytic, growing on sugary exudates produced by insects feeding on living leaves and branches. Asexual morph. observed. Thallus superficial, dark brown, branched, septate, and constricted at the septa. Mycelium superficial, forming dark brown conidiomata. Conidiomata, pycnidial, subcylindrical, dark brown to black, with a long black basal stalk and an expanded apical part, lacking a distinct neck. Conidia ellipsoid to subcylindrical or subclavate, hyaline. Sexual morph. not observed.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This genus comprises three species: Hyphopolychaeton duyunense, Hy. cengongense, and Hy. maolanense . Hyphopolychaeton is distinguished from other genera in Capnodiaceae by the ellipsoidal swollen region of the conidiogenous structure, which is located at the apex of the conidiomata and lacks a well-developed neck.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF70B0B3B29B5A8FAFC9B85223C3095E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
3561336D9C8C5F2E8EA30B6C3C24B4BC.text	3561336D9C8C5F2E8EA30B6C3C24B4BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyphopolychaeton maolanense J. P. Sun & X. Y. Zeng 2026	<div><p>Hyphopolychaeton maolanense J. P. Sun &amp; X. Y. Zeng sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This name refers to the location of “ Maolan County, ” where the complete specimens were collected.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from Hyphopolychaeton duyunense, by slightly thick stalk, wider ostioles and conidiogenous structure. Differs from Hyphopolychaeton cengongense, by larger conidiomata and longer stalks.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>IFRD 99053.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Epiphytic on the leaf surface of Smilax ocreata, forming a sooty coating on adaxial surface. Thallus composed of brown, septate, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled hyphae. Asexual morph. Conidiomata (407–704 × 30–58 µm, x ̄ = 523 × 45 µm, n = 20) long, pycnidial, elongate, superficial, stipitate, with a long - stalk (304–583 µm, x ̄ = 420 µm, n = 20), black, rigid, lacking neck, and a distinctive ovoid-swollen conidiogenous region, the swollen area producing conidia inside. Conidiomata apex gradually light brown to hyaline, with a circular ostiole (23–36 µm, x ̄ = 29 µm, n = 20), consisting of rectangular, compact cells, surrounded by hyaline hyphae. Conidiogenous region (29–46 µm, x ̄ = 38 µm, n = 20) wide, located in the apex part of the conidiomata, brown, composed of cylindrical, thin-walled cells. Conidia (3.4–5 × 1.5–3.4 μm, x ̄ = 4.2 × 2.1 μm, n = 30), hyaline, single-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, guttulate without distinct refractive oil droplet, exuding in creamy masses from the ostiole. Sexual morph. Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colony up to 7.55 mm diam at 26 ° C on PDA after 14 days in darkness. Colony superficial to erumpent, velvety, with an entire margin, margin black, center olive green.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guizhou Province, Maolan County, on living leaves of Smilax ocreata . (27°17'26"N, 108°36'02"E), 14 July 2025, Jipeng Sun, M 11 (IFRD 99053, holotype), ex-type living culture IFRDCC 25-0021 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, Hyphopolychaeton maolanense (IFRDCC 25-0021) isolated in this study clustered in a well-supported clade together with Hy. duyunense and Hy. cengongense, forming a sister relationship with both species (BS / PP = 100 % / 1.00). Hy. maolanense (IFRDCC 25-0021) shares high sequence similarity with Hy. duyunense (IFRDCC 25-0011), showing 99.43 % (520 / 523 bp, 0 gaps) similarity in the ITS region and 99.21 % (881 / 888 bp, 3 gaps) in the LSU region; comparisons of the tef 1-α and rpb 2 regions revealed 99.19 % (859 / 866 bp, 0 gaps) and 97.95 % (906 / 925 bp, 0 gaps) similarity, respectively. Comparisons between Hy. maolanense (IFRDCC 25-0021) and Hy. cengongense (IFRDCC 25-0020) showed 99.59 % (485 / 487 bp, 0 gaps) and 99.64 % (828 / 831 bp, 0 gaps) similarity in the ITS and LSU regions, respectively, whereas the tef 1-α and rpb 2 regions exhibited 98.15 % (795 / 810 bp, 0 gaps) and 97.92 % (848 / 866 bp, 1 gap) similarity, respectively. Morphologically, Hy. maolanense (IFRDCC 25-0021) is distinguished from other species in the genus by possessing the second longest conidiomata, whereas Hy. duyunense (IFRDCC 25-0011) has the longest conidiomata and larger conidiogenous structures. Compared with Hy. duyunense, Hy. maolanense has smaller conidiomata (407–704 μm vs. 612–802 μm), wider ostioles (23–36 μm vs. 10–17 μm), and wider conidiogenous structures (29–46 μm vs. 16–26 μm) (this study, above). Compared with Hy. cengongense (IFRDCC 25-0020), Hy. maolanense has markedly larger conidiomata (407–704 μm vs. 132–188 μm) and substantially longer stalks (304–583 μm vs. 13–33 μm) (this study, above). The species was isolated from the host plant Smilax ocreata . Therefore, the strain is described here as a new species, Hyphopolychaeton maolanense .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3561336D9C8C5F2E8EA30B6C3C24B4BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
44FED2D2467F513592F4A1BC8E9B8815.text	44FED2D2467F513592F4A1BC8E9B8815.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptoxyphium chishuiense J. P. Sun & X. Y. Zeng 2026	<div><p>Leptoxyphium chishuiense J. P. Sun &amp; X. Y. Zeng sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 14</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This name refers to the location of “ Chishui City, ” where the complete specimens were collected.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from Leptoxyphium citri Abdollahz. &amp; Crous. by larger conidiomata and higher conidiogenous region. Differs from Leptoxyphium madagascariense Cheew. &amp; Crous. by shorter conidiomata, narrower conidiogenous region and smaller conidia.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>IFRD 900-28.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on sugary exudates from insects feeding on the surface of living leaves of Alsophila sp. Thallus superficial, branched, septate, pale brown, darkly pigmented at the septa, forming distinct constructional rings. Asexual morph. Conidiomata pycnidial, it originates from aggregated hyphae, with a bulbous base that consists of parallel hyphae and is straight to slightly flexuous. Conidiomata (190–295 μm, x ̄ = 241 μm, n = 10) long, bases (5.6–16.6 μm, x ̄ = 12.6 μm, n = 10) wide, long-stalk light brown, conidiomata with cylindrical long-stalks expanding apically into a funnel-shaped cupula. Conidiogenous region resembling a cupula (45–61 × 27–44 μm, x ̄ = 51 × 34 μm, n = 10), located in the cupulate apex of the conidiomata, brown, composed of cylindrical, thin-walled cells. Conidia (3–5.6 × 2–2.6 μm, x ̄ = 4.1 × 2.3 μm, n = 30), hyaline, single-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, guttulate with 1–2 distinct refractive oil droplets, exuding in creamy masses from the ostiole. Sexual morph. Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies black, loose, velvety, with sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and entire margins, reaching 39.53 mm in diam at 26 ° C on PDA after 14 days in darkness.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guizhou Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.74472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.383612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.74472/lat 28.383612)">Chishui City</a>, on living leaves of Alsophila sp. (28°23'1"N, 105°44'41"E), 12 April 2023, Yuwei Liu, CS 4 (IFRD 900-28, holotype), ex-type living culture IFRDCC 19-1222 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, Leptoxyphium chishuiense is represented by two strains, IFRDCC 19-1222 and IFRDCC 19-1225, which form a well-supported lineage with a BS / PP support value of 98 % / 0.99. The species is closely related to L. fumago, L. citri, and L. kurandae . Molecular comparisons show that pairwise sequence comparisons between L. chishuiense (IFRDCC 19-1222) and L. fumago (CBS 123.26) showed 99.78 % similarity in ITS (445 / 446 nucleotides, 1 gap), no nucleotide differences in LSU, 99.77 % similarity in tef 1-α (879 / 881 nucleotides, 0 gaps), and 98.95 % similarity in rpb 2 (946 / 956 nucleotides, 0 gaps). When compared with L. citri (CBS 451.66), sequence similarity was 99.75 % in ITS (399 / 400 nucleotides, 1 gap), 99.34 % in LSU (748 / 753 nucleotides, 0 gaps), 96.71 % in tef 1-α (852 / 881 nucleotides, 0 gaps), and 90.90 % in rpb 2 (869 / 956 nucleotides, 2 gaps). Two unnamed Leptoxyphium strains, CBS 135836 and CBS 139620, were recovered in close proximity to the L. chishuiense lineage, indicating the presence of closely related but still unresolved taxa in this sector of Leptoxyphium . Although morphology has been reported for modern isolates referable to L. fumago, detailed morphological documentation directly comparable to authenticated reference material remains limited, and original type material has not been available for direct comparison (Chomnunti et al. 2011; Yang et al. 2014; Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020; Crous et al. 2020; Lee and Choi 2024). Therefore, direct morphological comparison with L. fumago (CBS 123.26) was not possible. In the present study, L. fumago (IFRDCC 19-1219), treated as a Chinese strain referable to L. fumago, was used as an additional comparative strain. Compared with L. fumago (IFRDCC 19-1219), L. chishuiense has smaller conidiomata (190–295 μm vs. 273–378 μm) (this study, above). It differs from L. citri (CBS 451.66) in having larger conidiomata (190–295 μm vs. 53–153 μm) and larger conidiogenous regions (45–61 μm vs. 20–40 μm) (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020). It differs from L. madagascariense (CBS 124766) in having smaller conidiomata (190–295 μm, x ̄ = 241 μm vs. 200–300 μm, x ̄ = 250 μm), narrower conidiogenous regions (x ̄ = 34 μm vs. 35–60 μm), and smaller conidia (3–5.6 × 2–2.6 μm vs. 4.5–5 × 3–3.5 μm) (Abdel-Sater 2018; Cheewangkoon et al. 2009). Based on phylogenetic position, multilocus sequence divergence, and morphological differences, the two strains examined here are recognized as a distinct species, Leptoxyphium chishuiense .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44FED2D2467F513592F4A1BC8E9B8815	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
D31DBB714D8B58D39F4F1887532D9159.text	D31DBB714D8B58D39F4F1887532D9159.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptoxyphium fumago (Woron.) Crous	<div><p>Leptoxyphium fumago (Woron.) Crous, Fungal Syst. Evol. 6: 198 (2020)</p><p>Fig. 13</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on sugary exudates from insects feeding on the surface of living leaves of Maling bamboo. Thallus superficial, branched, septate, pale brown, darkly pigmented at the septa, forming distinct constructional rings. Asexual morph. Conidiomata, pycnidial, it originates from aggregated hyphae, with a bulbous base that consists of parallel hyphae and is straight to slightly flexuous. Conidiomata (273–378 μm, x ̄ = 324 μm, n = 10) long, base (8–19 μm, x ̄ = 15 μm, n = 10) wide, stalk light brown, conidiomata with cylindrical stalks expanding apically into a funnel-shaped cupula. Conidiogenous region resembling a cupula (45–61 × 30–47 μm, x ̄ = 51 × 37 μm, n = 10), located in the cupulate apex of the conidiomata, brown, composed of cylindrical, thin-walled cells. Conidia (2.8–5.4 × 2.1–2.7 μm, x ̄ = 3.9 × 2.4 μm, n = 30), hyaline, single-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, guttulate with 1–2 distinct refractive oil droplets, exuding in creamy masses from the ostiole. Sexual morph. Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies black, loose, velvety, with sparse to moderate aerial mycelium and entire margins, reaching 23.91 mm in diam at 26 ° C on PDA after 14 days in darkness.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guizhou Province, Chishui City, on living leaves of Maling bamboo (28°2'1"N, 105°44'41"E), 12 April 2023, Yuwei Liu, CS 1 (IFRD 99018), living culture IFRDCC 19-1219 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic analyses, Leptoxyphium fumago (IFRDCC 19-1219) was placed within the L. fumago - related lineage and occurred in close proximity to L. fumago (CBS 123.26), together with two unnamed Leptoxyphium strains, CBS 139618 and CPC 17767, with a BS / PP support value of 97 % / 1.00. An expanded genus-level phylogeny including all available named and unnamed Leptoxyphium strains from Abdollahzadeh et al. (2020) is provided in Suppl. material 3. This expanded sampling indicates that IFRDCC 19-1219 belongs to a broader L. fumago - related lineage rather than forming an exclusive two-strain pair with CBS 123.26. Multi-gene alignment between L. fumago (IFRDCC 19-1219) and L. fumago (CBS 123.26) revealed 100 % similarity in ITS and LSU, tef 1-α 99.66 % (874 / 877 bp, 0 gaps), and rpb 2 98.96 % (1045 / 1056 bp, 0 gaps). These data support a close affinity between IFRDCC 19-1219 and CBS 123.26, but the presence of adjacent unnamed Leptoxyphium lineages in this part of the tree suggests that the species boundary around L. fumago remains incompletely resolved. Morphologically, the Chinese collection agrees with the general concept of L. fumago in having pycnidial conidiomata with a bulbous base, cylindrical stalks expanding apically into a funnel-shaped cupula, and hyaline, single-celled, ellipsoidal conidia. However, because directly comparable authenticated morphology for all closely related reference strains remains limited (Chomnunti et al. 2011; Yang et al. 2014; Abdollahzadeh et al. 2020; Crous et al. 2020; Lee and Choi 2024), IFRDCC 19-1219 is conservatively treated as a Chinese strain referable to L. fumago . The present collection provides detailed morphological documentation, culture characteristics, host information, and multilocus sequence data for a Chinese L. fumago - related strain from Maling bamboo, thereby expanding the reference dataset for this complex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D31DBB714D8B58D39F4F1887532D9159	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
0BB3FBA97CE7514ABDAEC7F8EFE01694.text	0BB3FBA97CE7514ABDAEC7F8EFE01694.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptoxyphium Speg.	<div><p>Leptoxyphium Speg., Physis, Rev. Soc. Arg. Cienc. Nat. 4 (17): 294 (1918).</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Leptoxyphium graminum (Pat.) Speg., Physis (Buenos Aires) 4 (17): 294 (1918).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The sooty mold genus Leptoxyphium was introduced by Spegazzini (1918) and belongs to the family Capnodiaceae (Hyde et al. 2013) . Species of Leptoxyphium are saprobic on sugary exudates produced by sap-feeding insects on the surfaces of living leaves. The thallus consists of superficial, irregular networks of mycelium that are gray-brown to brown and constricted at the septa (Chomnunti et al. 2011). Conidiomata are superficial and gregarious, sometimes helically twisted, with bulbous swollen bases and apices composed of cylindrical hyphae that expand into a funnel-shaped structure. Conidia are hyaline, aseptate, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, and guttulate, with distinct refractive oil droplets. To date, only Leptoxyphium kurandae has been reported from China, collected on Psidium guajava in July 2012 (Yang et al. 2014). According to MycoBank (https://www.mycobank.org, accessed February 2026), the genus Leptoxyphium currently comprises 21 species, of which only six have available molecular sequence data, namely L. cacuminum, L. citri, L. kurandae, L. madagascariense, L. glochidion, and L. fumago . Leptoxyphium is distinguished from other genera in Capnodiaceae by a characteristic conidiomatal morphology, in which the swollen region of the conidiogenous structure is located at the apex of the conidiomata; this apical region is cup-shaped and serves as the site of conidium production.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0BB3FBA97CE7514ABDAEC7F8EFE01694	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
8EC76C0569965EA3AB75FE483312A9F7.text	8EC76C0569965EA3AB75FE483312A9F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polychaeton citruscola J. P. Sun & X. Y. Zeng 2026	<div><p>Polychaeton citruscola J. P. Sun &amp; X. Y. Zeng sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 12</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet “citruscola” is named after the “ Citrus ” genus to which the host plant of the fungus belongs, and the fungus was isolated from plants of this genus.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Differs from Polychaeton citri (Pers.) Lév. 1846 by producing smaller conidiomata, narrower ostiole, and smaller conidia.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>IFRD 900-27.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Epiphytic on the leaf surface of Citrus maxima, forming a sooty coating on adaxial surface. Thallus composed of brown, septate, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled hyphae. Asexual morph. Conidiomata (204–340 µm, x ̄ = 300 µm, n = 10) long, pycnidial, elongate, superficial, lack stalk and base, with a long neck, a prominently ovoid-swollen conidiogenous region, the swollen area producing conidia inside. Conidiomata apex gradually light brown to hyaline, with a circular ostiole (9.3–11 µm, x ̄ = 10 µm, n = 10) diam, consisting of rectangular, compact cells, surrounded by hyaline hyphae. Conidiogenous region (26–32 µm, x ̄ = 28 µm, n = 10) wide, located in the middle-lower part of the conidiomata, brown, composed of cylindrical, thin-walled cells. Conidia (3.1–4.8 × 1.8–2.5 µm, x ̄ = 3.8 × 2.1 μm, n = 30), hyaline, single-celled, ellipsoidal, smooth-walled, guttulate without distinct refractive oil droplet, exuding in creamy masses from the ostiole. Sexual morph. Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colony up to 18.76 mm in diam on PDA at 26 ° C after 14 days in darkness. Colony superficial, velvety, with an entire margin, olivaceous-green.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China • Guizhou Province, Jiangkou County, on living leaves of Citrus maxima (27°46'58"N, 108°44'17"E), 21 May 2022, Yuwei Liu, JK 11 (IFRD 900-27, holotype), ex-type living culture IFRDCC 19-1216 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, Polychaeton citruscola (IFRDCC 19-1216) forms a sister clade with P. cengongense (IFRDCC 25-0002, IFRDCC 25-0004) and P. citri (CBS 116435), with corresponding nodal support values of 100 % / 1.00 and 76 % / 1.00 (BS / PP), respectively. Only ITS, LSU, and tef 1-α sequences were successfully obtained from P. citruscola (IFRDCC 19-1216), whereas repeated attempts to amplify the rpb 2 gene were unsuccessful. This amplification failure is likely attributable to substantial sequence divergence or structural complexity in the rpb 2 region, such as high GC content or the presence of insertions and deletions, which may interfere with primer annealing and PCR amplification efficiency. Sequence similarity analyses revealed that P. citruscola (IFRDCC 19-1216) shares 99.78 % identity (464 / 465 bp, 0 gaps) in ITS, 99.23 % (778 / 784 bp, 0 gaps) in LSU, and 98.26 % (791 / 805 bp, 0 gaps) in tef 1-α with P. cengongense (IFRDCC 25-0002). Comparisons with P. citri (CBS 116435) showed sequence similarities of 97.65 % (457 / 468 bp, 3 gaps) in ITS, 99.17 % (835 / 842 bp, 0 gaps) in LSU, and 93.72 % (821 / 876 bp, 0 gaps) in tef 1-α. Morphologically, P. citruscola (IFRDCC 19-1216) differs from P. citri (CBS 116435) in having smaller conidiomata (204–340 μm vs. 345–391 μm), narrower ostioles (9.3–11 μm vs. 13–15 μm), and smaller conidia (3.8–2.1 μm vs. 6.5–5 μm) (Chomnunti et al. 2011). Compared with P. cengongense (IFRDCC 25-0002), P. citruscola has narrower ostioles (9.3–11 μm vs. 10–23 μm) and narrower conidiogenous regions (26–32 μm vs. 30–62 μm) (Sun et al. 2026). Polychaeton citri was originally isolated from Psidium guajava and Citrus sp., whereas P. citruscola in the present study was obtained from Citrus maxima in China. Based on a combination of phylogenetic evidence, sequence divergence, morphological distinctions, and host association, the strain IFRDCC 19-1216 is described here as a new species, Polychaeton citruscola .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8EC76C0569965EA3AB75FE483312A9F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
F75CBC79C640505DB6C9D91E8BC548A9.text	F75CBC79C640505DB6C9D91E8BC548A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polychaeton (Pers.) Lev.	<div><p>Polychaeton (Pers.) Lév., In: Orbigny, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 8: 493 (1846).</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Polychaeton quercinum (Pers.) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 3 (3) (1891).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Polychaeton was originally established by Persoon (1822) as a subgenus within Fumago and was later elevated to generic rank by Léveillé (1847). The taxonomic concept of Polychaeton has subsequently been re-evaluated by Hughes (1976) and Chomnunti et al. (2011). Hughes (1976) recognized Polychaeton citri and P. quercinum as representative species of the genus and formally designated P. quercinum as the lectotype. In contrast, Chomnunti et al. (2011) interpreted Capnodium as the sexual morph associated with Polychaeton and, in accordance with the “ one fungus = one name ” principle, adopted Capnodium as the accepted genus. According to MycoBank (https://www.mycobank.org, April 2026), the genus Polychaeton currently comprises 20 species, although molecular sequence data are available for only a few species, including P. citri and P. cengongense . Polychaeton is distinguished from other genera by the position of the swollen conidiogenous region in the middle to lower part of the conidiomata and by the absence of a stalk (Chomnunti et al. 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F75CBC79C640505DB6C9D91E8BC548A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sun, Jipeng;Liu, Yuwei;Chen, Tao;Tarafder, Entaj;Hongsanan, Sinang;Chen, Shengxi;Norphanphoun, Chada;Deng, Xiaolu;Feng, Yuzhe;Yang, Tian;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Zeng, Xiangyu	Sun, Jipeng, Liu, Yuwei, Chen, Tao, Tarafder, Entaj, Hongsanan, Sinang, Chen, Shengxi, Norphanphoun, Chada, Deng, Xiaolu, Feng, Yuzhe, Yang, Tian, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Zeng, Xiangyu (2026): Morphology and multilocus phylogeny illuminate novel taxa in Capnodiaceae (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales). IMA Fungus 17: e 188051, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.188051
