identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
884FF118872351E3B45B01F11F6E6158.text	884FF118872351E3B45B01F11F6E6158.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnum flosculoides Y. H. Xu, Y. F. Sun & B. K. Cui 2026	<div><p>Hydnum flosculoides Y. H. Xu, Y. F. Sun &amp; B. K. Cui sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2 a, b, 3</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Flosculus (Lat.), refers to the flower-like appearance of the species with undulate pileus.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA. Yunnan Province, Mangshi, alt. ca. 1200 m; 31 Aug. 2023, Yunnan Shanshifu leg., on ground of forest mixed by bamboo, Quercus and Pinus, Cui 23128 (BJFC, holotype) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Characterized by its flower-like basidiomata with large and undulate pileus (up to 110 mm wide), orange hymenophore with decurrent spines.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata solitary to gregarious, fleshy and moderately firm when fresh, becoming leathery upon drying. Pilei up to 110 mm wide, round to reniform, plano-convex when young; ellipsoid or irregularly round, umbilicate at center or infundibuliform when old. Pileus surface dry, subglabrous, azonate, pale orange to orange (5 A 3–6 B 8) when fresh, yellow-orange to grayish orange (4 B 8–5 B 4) when dry. Pileus margin thin, entire, undulate, strongly decurved, same color or sometimes darker than the pileus surface. Context 1–5 mm thick, white to cream white (4 A 2). Hymenophore hydnoid, spines decurrent, crowded, evenly distributed; surface orange-white (5 A 2) when fresh, light orange or brown (5 A 4 / 6 D 4) when dry; subulate, acute, straight to somewhat flexuous, solitary, 1–3.5 mm long, shortest near the pileus margin, 3–4 per mm, brittle when dry. Stipes central, 40–70 mm long, 16 mm wide, subcylindrical, solid; surface glabrous, white to cream white (4 A 2); stipe base enlarged and covered with a little amount of white basal mycelium. Odor mild and fruity.</p><p>Basidiospores subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, some with granular contents, IKI –, (5.4 –) 5.6–6.7 (– 6.9) × (4.7 –) 5–5.8 (– 6.4) μm, av. 6.14 ± 0.31 × 5.37 ± 0.30 μm, Q = 1.05–1.23 (n = 90 / 3), Qm = 1.14 ± 0.06. Under SEM, the basidiospores smooth without any ornamentation, each bearing a distinct hilar appendix at the attachment point. Basidia subcylindrical to clavate, 27–39 × 6.5–8.5 μm, sometimes containing granular contents; sterigmata 2–4, up to 4–8 μm long, 1–1.2 μm wide at base, slightly curving. Basidioles numerous, subcylindrical to subclavate, 25–36 × 6.5–7 μm. Cystidia absent. Hyphae of spines 2.3–3.7 µm wide, cylindrical, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline, subparallel, enlarged at hyphal apex or septum, up to 4.7–9.9 μm, greenish yellow in KOH. Pileipellis composed of loosely interwoven erect to cylindrical hyphae, occasionally containing granular contents, 4–7.5 µm wide, enlarged at hyphal apex to 6–11 μm. Stipitipellis composed of subcylindrical hyphae, thin-walled, interwoven, 3–3.6 μm wide, terminal elements rounded at apex, sometimes containing hyaline oily droplets. Clamp connections present in all tissues.</p><p>Additional materials examined.</p><p>CHINA. Yunnan Province, Chuxiong, Zixi Mount ., alt. ca. 1500 m, 11 Aug. 2023, Bao-Kai Cui leg., on ground of forest mixed by Fagus and Pinus, Cui 22857 (BJFC) . Yunnan Province, Mangshi, alt. ca. 1200 m, 31 Aug. 2023, Yunnan Shanshifu leg., on ground of forest mixed by bamboo, Quercus and Pinus, Cui 23129 (BJFC) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from China.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic tree, Hydnum flosculoides was involved in subg. Hydnum forming a separate group (98 % ML bootstrap, 1.00 BPP; Fig. 1). It is closely related to H. sphaericum which both have a cream to orange pileus surface, crowded spines, thin-walled hyphae with clamps in the spines. However, H. sphaericum differed from H. flosculoides in having a subglobose and smaller pileus (25–35 mm), smaller stipes (18–25 × 5–8 mm, non-decurrent to subdecurrent spines in white, white (3 A 1–4 A 1) hymenophore when fresh and bigger basidiospores (8.0–8.8 × 6.5–7.5 μm; Cao et al. 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/884FF118872351E3B45B01F11F6E6158	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xu, Yi-Hua;Zeng, Long;Xu, Tai-Min;Song, Chang-Ge;Shen, Lu-Lu;Sun, Yi-Fei;Cui, Bao-Kai	Xu, Yi-Hua, Zeng, Long, Xu, Tai-Min, Song, Chang-Ge, Shen, Lu-Lu, Sun, Yi-Fei, Cui, Bao-Kai (2026): Multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomy of Hydnum (Hydnaceae, Cantharellales) including a global phylogeny of ITS sequences for the genus. IMA Fungus 17: e 172544, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.172544
8F11BFFA37A753AC88005728FC53BB54.text	8F11BFFA37A753AC88005728FC53BB54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydnum robustum Y. H. Xu, Y. F. Sun & B. K. Cui 2026	<div><p>Hydnum robustum Y. H. Xu, Y. F. Sun &amp; B. K. Cui sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2 c, d, 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Robustum (Lat.), refers to the robust basidiomata.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Characterized by its robust basidiomata and narrow hyphae on pileipellis (2.5–4.5 µm wide).</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA. Yunnan Province, Lanping County, Luogujing Nature Reserve, alt. ca. 1900 m, 13 Aug. 2023, Yi-Fei Sun leg., on ground of Pinus forest, Cui 22893 (BJFC, holotype) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiomata gregarious, robust, 16–30 mm high, fleshy when fresh, becoming ceraceous and cocky upon drying. Pilei up to 35 mm wide, irregularly round or semicircular, convex to plano-convex when young, infundibuliform when old, shallowly depressed in the center; surface glabrous, azonate, smooth to irregularly bumpy; white to cream (4 A 2), tinged pale yellow (4 A 2–4 A 4) when fresh; turning to orange-brown to reddish brown (7 E 7–8 E 7) when dry. Pileus margin thick, entire, strongly decurved, flatten, concolorous with pileus surface. Context 1–2 mm thick, white to cream white (4 A 2). Hymenophore hydnoid, spines subdecurrent, crowded, 3–4 spines / mm 2 when fresh, evenly distributed, subulate, acute, solitary, up to 2.5 mm long and up to 0.3 mm diam; surface white to yellowish white (4 A 2) when fresh, light brown (6 D 7 / 6 D 8) when dry. Stipes central, robust, up to 25 mm long, 5–15 mm wide, subcylindrical, solid, glabrous, concolorous with spines surface; unchanging when handled; stipe base enlarged and covered with a small amount of white basal mycelium. Odor mild and fruity.</p><p>Basidiospores subglobose to broadly ellipsoid or ovoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, some with granular contents, IKI –, (3.8 –) 4.1–5.2 (– 5.8) × (3 –) 3.2–4.6 (– 4.9) μm, av. 4.62 ± 0.33 × 3.94 ± 0.38, Q = 1.01–1.37 (n = 60 / 2), Qm = 1.18 ± 0.09. Under SEM, the basidiospores smooth without any ornamentation, each bearing a distinct hilar appendix at the attachment point. Basidia subcylindrical or subclavate to clavate, (20 –) 22–30 (– 33) × (3 –) 4–6.5 μm, usually contains hyaline oily droplets; sterigmata 2–5, 2–5 μm long, 1–1.5 μm wide at base, slightly curving. Basidioles numerous, subcylindrical to subclavate, enlarge at apex, smaller or the same size with basidia, frequently covered with granular substance at the apex. Cystidia absent. Hyphae of spines 2.5–4.5 μm, filamentous, hyaline to pale yellow, thin-walled, apex cylindrical, interwoven, frequently branched, pale yellow in KOH. Pileipellis a mixocutis, hyaline to pale yellow, composed of hyphae 2.5–4.5 µm wide, thin to slightly thick-walled, cylindrical to irregular, slightly inflated at apex. Stipitipellis composed of subcylindrical hyphae, slightly thick-walled, interwoven, 1.5–3 μm wide, yellowish brown, sometimes containing yellowish cytoplasmic pigment. Clamp connections present.</p><p>Additional materials examined.</p><p>CHINA. Yunnan Province, Lanping County, Luogujing, alt. ca. 1900 m, 13 Aug. 2023, Yi-Fei Sun leg., on ground of Pinus forest, Cui 22901 (BJFC) . Yunnan Province, Lanping County, Luogujing, 13 Aug. 2023, Yi-Fei Sun leg., on ground of Pinus forest, Cui 22904 (BJFC) . Yunnan Province, Lanping County, Luogujing, alt. ca. 1900 m, 13 Aug. 2023, Yi-Fei Sun leg., on ground of Pinus forest, Cui 22905 (BJFC) . Yunnan Province, Lijiang City, Yulong County, Jiuhe, alt. ca. 2400 m, 1 September 2020, Ming Zhang leg., on ground of mixed forests mainly dominated by Fagaceae and Pinus trees, GDGM 83047 . Hubei Province, Huanggang City, Luotian, alt. ca. 800 m, 22 October 2023, Xiaomei Peng leg., on ground of mixed forests mainly dominated by Fagaceae and Pinus trees, GDGM 93020 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from China.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The specimens numbered as GDGM 83047, GDGM 93020 and HKAS 57714 collected from southern subtropical China were firstly recognized as Hydnum pinicola R. Sugaw. &amp; N. Endo, which is originally described from Japan, having whitish to cream basidiomata, pale yellow or pale orange spines, and relatively smaller basidiospores (4.5–5.5 × 4–5 µm; Sugawara et al. 2022). However, the addition of our new specimens revealed that the material from China formed a separate lineage with strong support in the multi-gene phylogenetic tree (87 % in ML bootstrap, 0.99 BPP). Further morphological study revealed that H. robustum has a wider stipe (up to 25 mm) combined with a lower basidioma (16–30 mm) and shorter spines (up to 3 mm), resulting in a robust appearance. Moreover, the pileipellis and stipitipellis of H. robustum show a broader range of hyphal diameters (pileipellis 2–17 µm, stipitipellis 2–12 µm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F11BFFA37A753AC88005728FC53BB54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xu, Yi-Hua;Zeng, Long;Xu, Tai-Min;Song, Chang-Ge;Shen, Lu-Lu;Sun, Yi-Fei;Cui, Bao-Kai	Xu, Yi-Hua, Zeng, Long, Xu, Tai-Min, Song, Chang-Ge, Shen, Lu-Lu, Sun, Yi-Fei, Cui, Bao-Kai (2026): Multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomy of Hydnum (Hydnaceae, Cantharellales) including a global phylogeny of ITS sequences for the genus. IMA Fungus 17: e 172544, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.172544
3EAF0EAEE3C7517D8BDD8E77DCA6C517.text	3EAF0EAEE3C7517D8BDD8E77DCA6C517.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Insulana	<div><p>Clade Insulana</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Insulana (Lat.), refers to the insular geographic provenance of taxa in this subgenus.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The specimens in this clade were mostly collected from insular ecosystems of Oceania and Malay Archipelago, such as Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Malaysia and Singapore. According to their distinct geographical distribution and phylogenetic relationship (96 % ML bootstrap, 1.00 BPP) (Fig. 1), clade Insulana was presented to accommodate these specimens, which is consistent with previous findings in Feng et al. 2016, Niskanen et al. 2018 and Sugawara et al. 2022. Due to the lack of researchable specimens, it is currently proposed as a new clade rather than a new subgenus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3EAF0EAEE3C7517D8BDD8E77DCA6C517	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xu, Yi-Hua;Zeng, Long;Xu, Tai-Min;Song, Chang-Ge;Shen, Lu-Lu;Sun, Yi-Fei;Cui, Bao-Kai	Xu, Yi-Hua, Zeng, Long, Xu, Tai-Min, Song, Chang-Ge, Shen, Lu-Lu, Sun, Yi-Fei, Cui, Bao-Kai (2026): Multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomy of Hydnum (Hydnaceae, Cantharellales) including a global phylogeny of ITS sequences for the genus. IMA Fungus 17: e 172544, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.172544
