taxonID	type	description	language	source
9A016E5C7945FFDBDCF675BFFB12F8E5.taxon	description	(Figure 2)	en	Rojas-P, Albeiro, Lizcano, Alejandro, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Hágsater, Eric, Perdomo, Oscar (2025): New species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from Caquetá, Colombia. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4
9A016E5C7945FFDBDCF675BFFB12F8E5.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — COLOMBIA. Caquetá: Florencia, vereda Santa Helena, vía Gabinete, 1 ° 46 ' N- 75 ° 38 ' W, 890 m, 02 de octubre de 2022, E. Trujillo-T. & F. Hoyos-C., 8123 (holotype: HUAZ!; isotypes: JBB!).	en	Rojas-P, Albeiro, Lizcano, Alejandro, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Hágsater, Eric, Perdomo, Oscar (2025): New species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from Caquetá, Colombia. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4
9A016E5C7945FFDBDCF675BFFB12F8E5.taxon	diagnosis	Epidendrum fernandoi is similar to E. rocioae Hágsater & Vásquez (2019: 1752) from which it differs by shorter (11.7 cm vs. 25 cm), the ovate subterete pseudobulbs (vs. cylindrical to ovoid), shorter and narrower leaves (2.9 – 3.0 × 0.9 – 1.0 cm vs. 3.5 – 5.0 × 1.6 – 1.9 cm), shorter inflorescence (8 cm vs. 23 cm long.), smaller flowers (6.0 mm vs. 11 mm.), dorsal surface of sepals long pilose (vs. short pilose), dorsal sepal with acuminate apex (vs. apex obtuse-rounded), shorter petals (3.0 – 3.2 mm vs. 5 mm), shorter and wider lip (2.9 × 3.8 mm vs. 3.2 × 2.6 mm) pentagonal-rhombic (vs. hexagonal-rhombic), ovary shorter (3.5 mm vs. 10 – 17 mm). Epidendrum fernandoi is also similar to E. microphyllum Lindl. (1840: 85), but differs by the apical leaves narrowly elliptic, slightly emarginate apex and asymmetric vs. ápice ovate-oblong acute, serrate, racemose; lip concave, pentagonal-rhombic, wider in the base, apiculate apex, entire margin, bicallose vs. lip subrotund, aristate.	en	Rojas-P, Albeiro, Lizcano, Alejandro, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Hágsater, Eric, Perdomo, Oscar (2025): New species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from Caquetá, Colombia. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4
9A016E5C7945FFDBDCF675BFFB12F8E5.taxon	description	Description: — Epiphytic, sympodial, caespitose herb, 11.7 cm heigh including inflorescence. Roots flexuous, 1 – 2 mm in diameter, basal, fleshy, thin. Stem cylindrical, 7 mm in diameter. Pseudobulbs pseudobulbs as narrowly ovoid to subterete, 2.1 – 2.7 × 0.6 – 1 cm, erect, narrowly ovate to subterete, simples, basally wrapped by tubular, foliaceous sheaths. Leaves 2.7 – 1.82 × 0.9 – 0.75 cm, apical, suberect, coriaceous, blade narrowly elliptical, apex slightly emarginate and slightly asymmetrical. Inflorescence 8 cm long, first-order branching, peduncle 4.6 cm long, erect, straight, terete, pilose; rachis 1.3 cm long, slender, terete, pilose; with 2 – 4 flowers in branch. Flowers, 14 – 20, simultaneous, not resupinate, yellow-brown and purple, distichous, with purplish-yellow sepals, dorsally pilose, lanceolate petals, ochre yellow lip, acuminate. Sepals free, 3 - veined, long pilose surface and slightly involute margin; dorsal sepal, 2.9 × 1.4 mm, lanceolate, acuminate apex; lateral sepals falcate ovate-lanceolate, with a slightly involute margin, 3.4 – 3.6 × 1.4 – 1.6 mm, partially extended, and apiculate apex. Petals 1 - veined, 3.0 – 3.2 × 0.4 – 0.5 mm, free, extended, linearlanceolate, entire margin. Lip 2.6 × 3.5 mm, obliquely attached to basal half of column, entire, sagittate base, concave, pentagonal-rhombic, wider at base, apiculate apex, entire margin; bicallose, calli small, thin, prominent (1.25 × 0.47 mm). Ovary 3.5 mm long, terete, slightly slender in middle section, slightly curved, with white trichomes, densely distributed, increasing to the apex, basal surface partially glabrous, yellow-greenish, with dispersed purple maculas; short trichomes, erect-patent to slightly curved. Floral Bract in the base of the ovary, 1.6 × 0.8 mm, lanceolate, apiculate apex, irregular margins. Gynostemium 2.6 × 1.6 mm, forming an angle of 110 ° with ovary, slightly sigmoid in lateral view, ending with a long, rounded, and wide wing on each side; short clinandrium, entire margin. Clinandrium cordate, margin entire, smooth, concave, (0.68 × 0.64 mm). Pollinia 4, yellow, arranged in pairs, massulae between 0.3 – 0.4 mm long, ovoid, with a clump-like caudicles of 0.5 mm in length, and a slightly ovoid viscidium 0.1 mm. Anther cap, cordiform, bilobed, symmetrical, 0.72 × 0.6 mm, with a slightly emarginate distal margin, purple, central region with yellowish longitudinal band thickened toward the base, two well-defined lateral lobes, two locules separated by a thin, yellowish central lamina, with locules oblong, purple. Capsule ovoid, green to brown discolor, rugose, 12.1 × 2.8 mm, pedicel 2 mm long, body 5.4 × 2.8 mm, apical neck 2 mm long, perianth persistent 2.7 mm long.	en	Rojas-P, Albeiro, Lizcano, Alejandro, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Hágsater, Eric, Perdomo, Oscar (2025): New species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from Caquetá, Colombia. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4
9A016E5C7945FFDBDCF675BFFB12F8E5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Epidendrum fernandoi is endemic to Colombia, known only from the cloud forests of the Alto Hacha River at elevations around 900 m elevation, in the rural area of Florencia, Caquetá Department. Flowering was observed in September and October.	en	Rojas-P, Albeiro, Lizcano, Alejandro, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Hágsater, Eric, Perdomo, Oscar (2025): New species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from Caquetá, Colombia. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4
9A016E5C7945FFDBDCF675BFFB12F8E5.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet honors the biologist and orchid enthusiast Fernando Hoyos-Cardozo, who discovered and cultivated the plant at the Velamazonia Botanic Garden.	en	Rojas-P, Albeiro, Lizcano, Alejandro, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Hágsater, Eric, Perdomo, Oscar (2025): New species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from Caquetá, Colombia. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4
9A016E5C7945FFDBDCF675BFFB12F8E5.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic discussion: — Epidendrum fernandoi shares morphological affinities with E. rocioae, particularly in its compact habit, coriaceous leaves, and floral structure. However, E. fernandoi is readily distinguished by several diagnostic features: the narrowly ovoid to subterete pseudobulbs (vs. cylindrical to ovoid), and notably shorter and narrower leaves (2.9 – 3.0 × 0.9 – 1.0 cm vs. 3.5 – 5.0 × 1.6 – 1.9 cm). The inflorescence and flowers are also significantly reduced in size. Notably, the dorsal surface of the sepals is long-pilose (vs. short-pilose in E. rocioae), and the dorsal sepal has an acuminate apex (vs. obtuse-rounded). The petals and ovary are also consistently shorter, while the lip is pentagonal-rhombic and distinctly wider at the base, as opposed to the hexagonal-rhombic lip in E. rocioae. In recent years different orchid species has been discovered and described from the area of the municipality of Florencia; Lepanthes florenciana J. S. Moreno & D. Hoyos (2022: 55), Masdevallia leonor-baeziana O. Perdomo, Edwin Trujillo & Karremans (2023: 139), Catasetum caquetense R. A. Calderón-Álvarez & M. Bonilla (2023: 469), Campylocentrum luzmariae O. Perdomo, R. B. Singer & E. M. Pessoa (2024: 279), and Epidendrum clinidiodontum E. Santiago, López-Flor., Claros & Hágsater (2024: 279). In a checklist of the orchid flora of the department of Caquetá were reported more than 400 species, 68 of them in the genus Epidendrum (Arias et al. 2023). Epidendrum fernandoi was collected from a single locality in the Andean cloud forest of Caquetá, a region severely affected by deforestation, fragmentation and land-use change, resulting in ongoing habitat degradation for the species (Armenteras et al. 2011; Gonzáles-Gonzáles et al. 2021). This represents a threat to the survival of this species, as well as to other known and yet undiscovered species that inhabit these forests, which are subject to ongoing transformation (Parra-Sánchez et al. 2024). The preservation of these ecosystems is essential for maintaining ecological integrity and ensuring the continuity of evolutionary and ecological processes within this Andean Cloud Forest.	en	Rojas-P, Albeiro, Lizcano, Alejandro, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Hágsater, Eric, Perdomo, Oscar (2025): New species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from Caquetá, Colombia. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4
9A016E5C7943FFD9DCF67415FEAFF93D.taxon	description	(Figure 3)	en	Rojas-P, Albeiro, Lizcano, Alejandro, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Hágsater, Eric, Perdomo, Oscar (2025): New species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from Caquetá, Colombia. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4
9A016E5C7943FFD9DCF67415FEAFF93D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — COLOMBIA. Caquetá: Florencia, Zona Urbana, Barrio Bellavista, creciendo sobre un árbol de “ cobre ” (Andira inermis — FABACEAE), 1 ° 35 ' N- 75 ° 36 ' W, 250 m, 10 October 2024, O. Perdomo et al. 546 (holotype: HUAZ!; isotypes: JBB).	en	Rojas-P, Albeiro, Lizcano, Alejandro, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Hágsater, Eric, Perdomo, Oscar (2025): New species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from Caquetá, Colombia. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4
9A016E5C7943FFD9DCF67415FEAFF93D.taxon	diagnosis	Similar to Epidendrum platypetalonocturnum Hágsater & L. Sanchez (2016: 1591) but differing by sepals (36 – 37 × 6.4 – 7.6 mm vs. 40 – 44 × 8.5 – 9.0 mm) and petals (35 – 36 × 4.8 – 5.0 mm vs. 40 – 42 × 9 – 10 mm) shorter and narrower, petal adnation (free vs. adnate to the base of the column), the longer and narrower central lobe of the lip (24 × 1.8 – 1.9 mm vs. 18.5 – 20.0 × 2.3 – 3.0 mm), and the longer calli (8 mm vs. 4 – 5 mm).	en	Rojas-P, Albeiro, Lizcano, Alejandro, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Hágsater, Eric, Perdomo, Oscar (2025): New species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from Caquetá, Colombia. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4
9A016E5C7943FFD9DCF67415FEAFF93D.taxon	description	Description: — Epiphytic, caespitose, erect to pendulous herb, 25 – 50 cm tall, including inflorescence. Roots 2 – 3 mm in diameter, basal, fleshy, white velamen, green cortex. Stems 20 – 45 × 0.7 – 1.0 cm, simple, cane-like, laterally compressed, ancipitose towards apex. Leaves ca. 6 – 10, distributed along stem (basal ones smaller), coriaceous, suberect, alternate, green, concolor; sheaths 25 – 28 mm long, laterally compressed, ancipitose; blade 6.0 – 11.6 × 2.0 – 4.5 cm, ovate-elliptic, apex bilobed, dorsal keel prominent, margin entire, spreading. Spathe lacking. Inflorescence apical, recemose, producing up to seven flowers, one flower at a time, 40 – 45 mm long. Floral bracts 9.25 × 1.75 mm, shorter than ovary, triangular, acute, embracing, green or brown (dry). Flowers sucesive, resupinate, sepals and petals pale yellow-green, lip white, column light green turning white in apex, calli yellow; fragrance not registered. Sepals 36 – 37 × 6.4 – 7.6 mm, spreading, free, narrowly ovate, acuminate, margin entire, revolute. Petals 35 – 36 × 4.8 – 5.0 mm, free, spreading, elliptic, acute, margin entire, spreading. Lip 16 × 29 mm, united to column, 3 - lobed, bicallose, calli prominent, yellow, laminar, oblong, 8 mm long; lateral lobes 16.5 – 17.0 × 6.3 – 6.5 mm, narrowly semi-ovate, inner side straight, apex rounded, outer margin undulate; mid-lobe 24 × 1.8 – 1.9 mm, linear, acuminate, apex slightly curved and greenish. Gynostemium 13 × 5.3 mm, straight, thin at base and gradually wider at apex. Ovary 32 × 3.5 mm, terete, shorter than sepals, not inflated, with three grooves on external face of ovary. Clinandrium-hood short, without surpassing the body of column. Anther reniform, 2.4 × 1.8 mm, sides convex, top and bottom sinuate, 4 - celled. Pollinia 4, yellow, obovoid, 1.0 – 1.2 mm long, laterally compressed, caudicles soft and granulose. Rostellum apical, slit; viscarium semi-liquid, transparent. Cuniculus short, without exceeding perianth, wide, not inflated, unornamented. Lateral lobes of stigma not seen. Capsule 51 × 20 mm, ellipsoid, persistent perianth, green, pedicel 5 mm long, body 39 × 20 mm, apical neck 7 mm long.	en	Rojas-P, Albeiro, Lizcano, Alejandro, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Hágsater, Eric, Perdomo, Oscar (2025): New species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from Caquetá, Colombia. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4
9A016E5C7943FFD9DCF67415FEAFF93D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — The type of material and the paratypes were collected in the municipality of Florencia, in the Colombian Amazon. Specimens were found growing on trees in parks of the city at 250 m asl. Flowering plants were observed along the year.	en	Rojas-P, Albeiro, Lizcano, Alejandro, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Hágsater, Eric, Perdomo, Oscar (2025): New species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from Caquetá, Colombia. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4
9A016E5C7943FFD9DCF67415FEAFF93D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named after the “ Mambe Festival ” (Festival Mambe), created, and developed by local filmmaker Fabio Enrique Valderrama Martínez, and held in the city of Florencia, where the plant was discovered. We hope this new species highlights the vital role urban trees play in supporting urban biodiversity and generate protection strategies to safeguard this orchid and the epiphytes growing in these trees.	en	Rojas-P, Albeiro, Lizcano, Alejandro, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Hágsater, Eric, Perdomo, Oscar (2025): New species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from Caquetá, Colombia. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4
9A016E5C7943FFD9DCF67415FEAFF93D.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic discussion: — Epidendrum mambe is morphologically similar to E. platypetalonocturnum, particularly in its overall habit and three-lobed lip structure. However, detailed morphological comparison reveals consistent and significant differences that justify its recognition as a distinct species. The most notable distinctions are found in the dimensions and morphology of the floral parts: E. mambe has consistently shorter and narrower sepals (36 – 37 × 6.4 – 7.6 mm vs. 40 – 44 × 8.5 – 9.0 mm) and petals (35 – 36 × 4.8 – 5.0 mm vs. 40 – 42 × 9 – 10 mm), which are also free rather than adnate to the base of the column. Additionally, E. mambe possesses a longer and narrower central lobe of the lip (24 × 1.8 – 1.9 mm vs. 18.5 – 20.0 × 2.3 – 3.0 mm) and notably longer calli (8 mm vs. 4 – 5 mm), features that are taxonomically relevant within the genus. Although further molecular studies are needed to elucidate its phylogenetic relationships within the genus, the characters described here provide a solid basis for its segregation. Epidendrum mambe, discovered on urban trees, belongs to a group of epiphytic orchid species that have successfully colonized phorophytes within the urban environment of Florencia. Surveys conducted on other urban trees in the city revealed more than ten orchid species representing various genera, including Epidendrum, Catasetum Rich. ex Kunth (1822: 330), Cohniella Pfitzer (1889: 194), Cyrtopodium R. Br. (1813: 216), Dichaea Lindl. (1833: 208), Polystachya Hook. (1824: 103), and Scaphyglottis Poepp. & Endl. (1836: 58), among others. This is a phenomenon registered in other environments (Baltazár-Bernal et al. 2024; Izuddin et al. 2019 a; Izuddin et al. 2019 b; Rewicz et al. 2017) In 2023, Catasetum caquetanum R. A. Calderón-Álvarez & M. Bonilla (2023: 470) was described from an individual found growing on a tree within the campus of the Universidad de la Amazonia, also located in Florencia. It is likely that this species, along with others, also occurs in nearby forest fragments, from which wind-dispersed seeds may colonize trees in urban areas.	en	Rojas-P, Albeiro, Lizcano, Alejandro, Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo, Hágsater, Eric, Perdomo, Oscar (2025): New species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from Caquetá, Colombia. Phytotaxa 705 (2): 173-182, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.705.2.4
