identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
81F72F73801351519AC76BBFFE7B94DF.text	81F72F73801351519AC76BBFFE7B94DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhamnella caudata Merr.	<div><p>2. Rhamnella caudata Merr., Sunyatsenia 2: 11 (1934)</p><p>Type.</p><p>China. Guangdong: • Yuyuen (Ruyuan), 28 May 1933, S. P. Ko 52749 (holotype: NY, barcode NY 00415048!; isotypes: A, barcode A 00051373!; PE, barcode PE 00023560!) . Paratype: China. Guangdong: • Ruyuan, 17 July 1933, S. P. Ko 53085 (PE, barcode PE 00023559!) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species resembles R. franguloides in having glabrous or nearly glabrous petioles and annual branchlets, but differs from it in having denser lenticels (87–144 per cm 2 on annual branchlets ca. 2 mm in diameter) and larger dry fruits (9.0–10.9 × 3.6–4.4 mm).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Ruyuan, Guangdong, China (Fig. 5).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>China. Guangdong: • Ruyuan, 28 May 1933, S. P. Ko 52749 (IBK IBK 00174838; SN SN 006379) ; • Ruyuan, 17 Jul 1933, S. P. Ko 53085 (NAS NAS 00071549; IBK IBK 00174837) ; • Ruyuan, 2025, X. L. Zhou 2025 RY 01–2025 RY 13 (XJU) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species corresponds to Cluster B in this study; its morphological boundaries are redefined here (Table 4). No synonyms are currently recorded for this name (IPNI 2026; POWO 2026).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/81F72F73801351519AC76BBFFE7B94DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	An, Qianna;Lu, Zhiqiang;Zhou, Xiaolong	An, Qianna, Lu, Zhiqiang, Zhou, Xiaolong (2026): Species delimitation and taxonomic revision of the Rhamnella franguloides complex (Rhamnaceae). PhytoKeys 279: 179-200, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.279.204054
6753AECBB22753928EC8CFDB667A91B4.text	6753AECBB22753928EC8CFDB667A91B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhamnella congesta (S. Moore) Z. Qiang Lu & X. L. Zhou 2026	<div><p>1. Rhamnella congesta (S. Moore) Z. Qiang Lu &amp; X. L. Zhou comb. nov.</p><p>≡ Berchemia congesta S. Moore, J. Bot. 13: 226 (1875). Type: China. • Shanghai: 1860, A. C. Maingay 707 (syntype: K, barcode K 000723049!) . Basionym</p><p>= Rhamnella obovalis C. K. Schneid. in Sarg., Pl. Wilson. 2 (1): 223 (1914), syn. nov.</p><p>Type.</p><p>China. Hubei: • Fang Hsien (Fangxian), July 1907, E. H. Wilson 3389 (holotype: A, barcode A 00032772!; isotype: US, barcode US 00094390!) . Paratype: China. • Jiangxi: 27 July 1907, E. H. Wilson 1515 (E, barcode E 00275330!) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>It is mainly distinguishable from both R. caudata and R. franguloides by its pubescent leaf petioles and annual branchlets, shorter leaf petioles, 1.0– 3.8 mm (mean 1.5–3.1 mm), and shorter leaf apices, 2.2–9.0 mm (Table 4).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Central, eastern, and southeastern China, rarely extending to South Korea (Fig. 5).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>China. Anhui: • Shexian, 25 Aug 1958, Anonymous 60 (PE 00093012) ; • Huoshan, near Maoshan, 30 Jul 1953, East-China Work Station 6637 (KUN 0417957) . Henan: • Tongbai County, 11 Oct 2012, Jinting Dong HNP 059 (AU AU 078090); • Funiu Shan, Sep 1958, Yuanrong Pei 121 (HENU 0350389) ; • Jigong Shan, 1 Jul 1990, Forestry Class 88 903075 (CCAU ccau 0004631) ; • Pingqiao District, Xinyang, 19 Jul 2021, Yi Cheng DC 563 (HIB HIB 0220908) . Jiangsu: • Baoyan Shan, Yushan, 19 Aug 1958, Wenxiang Wu 4596 (WUK 0209822) ; • Sucheng District, Lianyungang, s. d., Zenglai Xu 842 (NAS NAS 00620242) . Jiangxi: • Taohongling National Nature Reserve, Pengze County, 17 Jul 2015, Enxiang Li et al. 15070758 (JJF JJF 00022517) . Shaanxi: • Ankang, 25 Aug 1959, Peiyuan Li 11039 (WUK 0140791) . Shandong: • Guanshui Town, Mouping District, Yantai, 16 Sep 2012, Zhongli Wang 604010026 (SDFGR SDF 1007616) . Shanghai: • s. d., Anonymous s. n. (PE 00093047) . Zhejiang: • Longjing, 23 Aug 1955, Xianyu He 1249 (HHBG HZ 025991) .</p><p>Note.</p><p>This species corresponds to Cluster A, as redefined in this study, and the other examined specimens of this species can be found in the Suppl. material 1 Because Berchemia congesta (published in 1875) predates R. obovalis (published in 1914), the epithet congesta has priority, and the new combination is proposed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6753AECBB22753928EC8CFDB667A91B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	An, Qianna;Lu, Zhiqiang;Zhou, Xiaolong	An, Qianna, Lu, Zhiqiang, Zhou, Xiaolong (2026): Species delimitation and taxonomic revision of the Rhamnella franguloides complex (Rhamnaceae). PhytoKeys 279: 179-200, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.279.204054
A0142C4886AC52789D8FF78CD8036E38.text	A0142C4886AC52789D8FF78CD8036E38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhamnella franguloides var. franguloides var. franguloides	<div><p>3 a. Rhamnella franguloides var. franguloides</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea and Japan (Fig. 5).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Japan. Honshu: • Okayama Pref. (Prov. Bitchu), Atetsu-gun, Izumi, 30 Jul 1962, G. Murata 27259 (US US 2409922) . • Yamaguchi, Abugun, Chomonkyo, 20 Jun 1927, Saito S s. n. (L L.4197492) . Kyushu: • Nagasaki, 1862, R. Oldham 165 (M M-0211847); • Kiusiu, Prov. Higo, 1863, C. J. Maximowicz s. n. (L L.2324928; US US 16608); • Miyazaki Pref., Miyazaki city, Ukinojo, 12 Jun 1926, N. Eri 100568 (US US 1347299) ; • Miyazaki-ken, Mt. Taki-san, 31 Jul 1946, I. Hurusawa 205 (US US 2073776) . Korea. Gwangju: • Mt. Mudeung, 11 Sep 2012, S. - Y. Jung &amp; H. - S. Hwang P 126947 (PE 02090069) . Jeollabuk-do: • Buan-gun, Byeonsan Peninsula, 7 Aug 1992, D. E. Boufford, T. J. Kim, C. W. Park &amp; B. Y. Sun 25800 (KUN 0452551) .</p><p>Note.</p><p>The other examined specimens of this variety can be found in the Suppl. material 1, and all examined specimens of var. inaequilatera are listed in its treatment.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A0142C4886AC52789D8FF78CD8036E38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	An, Qianna;Lu, Zhiqiang;Zhou, Xiaolong	An, Qianna, Lu, Zhiqiang, Zhou, Xiaolong (2026): Species delimitation and taxonomic revision of the Rhamnella franguloides complex (Rhamnaceae). PhytoKeys 279: 179-200, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.279.204054
9F6DC8621CB65F61BCD5C4169C71F21E.text	9F6DC8621CB65F61BCD5C4169C71F21E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhamnella franguloides var. inaequilatera (Ohwi) Hatus.	<div><p>3 b. Rhamnella franguloides var. inaequilatera (Ohwi) Hatus., Sci. Bull. Agric. Div. Univ. Liuchiu (Ryukyu) 3: 21 (1956)</p><p>≡ Rhamnella inaequilatera Ohwi, J. Jap. Bot. 26 (8): 231 (1951).</p><p>Type.</p><p>Insula Ishigaki, the Liuchiu (Ryukyu) Islands: July 2, 1891, S. Tanaka 274 (holotype: TNS, catalogue number 60478).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The two varieties of R. franguloides are distinguished by petiole length (3.8–7.6 mm in var. franguloides vs. 7.8–15.8 mm in var. inaequilatera).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The Ryukyu Islands (Fig. 5).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>The Liuchiu (Ryukyu) Islands: • Kagoshima Pref., Aira-gun, Yoshimatsu-cho, 7 Sep 2001, S. Fujii 8789 (L L.4207352) ; • Miyazaki Pref., Shintomi-machi, 12 Sep 1980, J. Murata 10020 (WAG WAG. 1250662; L L.2324930) ; • Tokunoshima, interior of Boma, Tokunoshima-cho, Oshima-gun, Kagoshima Pref., 28 Aug 1975, K. Iwatsuki et al. 450 (L L.2324938) ; • Tokunoshima, interior of Shikaura, Isen-chō, Ōshima-gun, Kagoshima Pref., 26 Aug 1975, K. Iwatsuki et al. 426 (L L.2324939) . • Okinawa-honto, Shoshi, Nakijin-mura, Kunigami, 14 May 1955, S. Hatusima 17814 (L L.2324941) ; • Okinawa-honto, Motobu-cho, Tancha, 21 Jun 1966, S. Tawada s. n. (L L.2324931) ; • Okinawa-honto, Kunigami-son, Mt. Hedoishi, 12 Apr 1974, M. Furuse 5580 (K K 004542034) ; • Okinawa-honto, Kunigami-son, Yona, 11 Apr 1974, M. Furuse 5553 (K K 004542033) ; • same locality, 4 Nov 1972, M. Furuse 1742 (K K 004542032); • Okinawa-honto, Nago City, Haneji, Makiya, 20 Aug 1980, Y. Miyagi 9151 (BISH BISH 1255065) . • Amami-oshima, Ohagachi, Tatugomura, 14 Aug 1956, S. Hatusima 20310 (L L.2324940) ; • Amami-oshima, Kasari-cho, Mt. Yodo, 7 Aug 2020, Anonymous s. n. (KAG KAG 024857) ; • Amami-oshima, Yamato-mura, 20 Jun 2017, Anonymous s. n. (KAG KAG 019217) ; • Amami-oshima, Tatsugo-cho, Nagakumo Pass, 4 Aug 2020, Anonymous s. n. (KAG KAG 023984) .</p><p>Note.</p><p>The holotype of var. inaequilatera was collected by S. Tawada (collection information: S. Tawada) from Insula Ishigaki (24.5°N, 124.3°E). We could not find this specimen for direct morphological measurement. Therefore, the distribution range of this variety is significantly larger than that shown in Fig. 5. However, strong geographic isolation still exists between two variety and between var. inaequilatera and any other one species in this complex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F6DC8621CB65F61BCD5C4169C71F21E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	An, Qianna;Lu, Zhiqiang;Zhou, Xiaolong	An, Qianna, Lu, Zhiqiang, Zhou, Xiaolong (2026): Species delimitation and taxonomic revision of the Rhamnella franguloides complex (Rhamnaceae). PhytoKeys 279: 179-200, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.279.204054
B7FA9E7EBAE457EFAD9B47D204835199.text	B7FA9E7EBAE457EFAD9B47D204835199.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhamnella franguloides (Maxim.) Weberb.	<div><p>3. Rhamnella franguloides (Maxim.) Weberb., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (5): 406 (1895)</p><p>≡ Microrhamnus franguloides Maxim., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. - Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 10 (11): 4, t. 1, f. 13–15 (1866). Type: Japan. • Kyushu: Prov. Higo, 1863, C. J. Maximowicz s. n. (syntypes: K, barcode K 000723046!; S, barcode S-G-5219!) .</p><p>= Rhamnella japonica Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 30 (1867).</p><p>Type.</p><p>Japan. Nagasaki: • 1862, R. Oldham 165 (lectotype: L, barcode L 0553944!, designated by M. C. Johnston in sched., 1969) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species differs from R. congesta in having glabrous or nearly glabrous leaf petioles and annual branchlets, longer leaf apices (7.8–24.0 mm), and longer leaf petioles 3.8–15.8 mm (mean 4.4–13.6 mm), and from R. caudata in having sparser lenticels (54–87 per cm 2 on annual branchlets with ca. 2 mm in diameter), and smaller dry fruits (5.5–8.7 × 2.9–4.0 mm).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea, the Liuchiu (Ryukyu) Islands and Japan (Fig. 5).</p><p>Note.</p><p>This species corresponds to Cluster C in this study and comprises two distinguishable varieties. The type specimen of Microrhamnus taquetii (barcode No. A 00003587; voucher: T. Taquet 153), the annotation by Kim (February 1993) on the type sheet identified as E. alatus, had been treated as a synonym of E. alatus by Kim (1993) and Ma (2001). Subsequently, it was treated as a synonym of R. franguloides (Chen and Schirarend 2007) . Our examination of the type specimen of M. taquetii (A 00003587 in Fig. 1 A) shows that it has opposite leaves and branches, branches with at least two longitudinal corky wings, subquadrangular branchlets, and rounded winter buds with irregularly and sharply denticulate scale margins. These morphological characteristics are diagnostic of E. alatus ( Celastraceae), which is consistent with the treatment of Kim (1993) and Ma (2001). Therefore, M. taquetii should be excluded from the synonymy of R. franguloides . We support the treatment of Kim (1993) and Ma (2001), and the annotation by Kim (February 1993) on the type sheet.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7FA9E7EBAE457EFAD9B47D204835199	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	An, Qianna;Lu, Zhiqiang;Zhou, Xiaolong	An, Qianna, Lu, Zhiqiang, Zhou, Xiaolong (2026): Species delimitation and taxonomic revision of the Rhamnella franguloides complex (Rhamnaceae). PhytoKeys 279: 179-200, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.279.204054
