identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B9CA613DCB095310AE5565AAA2E2E8DF.text	B9CA613DCB095310AE5565AAA2E2E8DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisorhynchodemus signata (von Graff 1899)	<div><p>Anisorhynchodemus cf. signata (von Graff, 1899)</p><p>Note.</p><p>Planarians with the external characteristics of Anisorhynchodemus signata (von Graff, 1899), except for length, were first found in Belgium on 29 May 2019 in the tropical rainforest glasshouse of Meise Botanic Garden (50 ° 55 ' 31.0 " N, 4 ° 19 ' 51.3 " E). Subsequently, A. cf. signata has been observed on multiple occasions in this glasshouse and in the anthropogenic biome glasshouse. On 23 November 2022, A. cf. signata was found in the Victoria glasshouse of the Ghent University Botanical Garden (51 ° 02 ' 06.2 " N, 3 ° 43 ' 22.3 " E). On 14 May 2025, a specimen of A. cf. signata was found in the glasshouse of the University of Liège at Domaine du Sart Tilman in Angleur (50 ° 34 ' 41.2 " N, 5 ° 35 ' 16.5 " E). In most cases, A. cf. signata was found on damp, bare soil. Anisorhynchodemus cf. signata was first reported in Belgium as Dolichoplana cf. signata (Van den Neucker et al. 2020) . This may explain why Thunnissen et al. (2022) grouped this species with Dolichoplana sp. in their checklist of non-native planarians in Europe. However, Belgian specimens of A. cf. signata are much smaller (up to approximately 16 mm in stretched length) than the specimen described by von Graff (1899) (100 mm) and have a single dark dorsal line, whereas Dolichoplana sp. from the Netherlands is larger (up to 110 mm) and has five parallel dorsal lines (Thunnissen et al. 2022: fig. 1 G). In addition, Anisorhynchodemus sp. depicted in Thunnissen et al. (2022: fig. 1 A) differs from A. cf. signata in having a dark, almost black body with two parallel pale dorsal lines. In Belgium, A. cf. signata appears to be restricted to heated glasshouses. The glasshouses in the botanical gardens of Meise and Ghent maintain tropical regimes with air humidity&gt; 70 %.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Anisorhynchodemus signata was originally described from Indonesia (von Graff 1899). Introduced specimens of A. cf. signata have been reported from Australia, Israel, Italy, and the USA (Mienis 2022 a; Mori et al. 2022 a; iNaturalist 2025; Mienis and Vaisman 2025 a). A specimen reported from Israel was found in a commercial shipment of mosses from the Netherlands (Mienis and Vaisman 2025 a), where the species has thus far not been detected (Thunnissen et al. 2022; de Waart et al. 2025).</p><p>Prey preference.</p><p>The prey preference of A. cf. signata is largely unknown, but gastropods are part of its diet because it has been observed feeding on Eopolita protensa jebusitica (J. R. Roth, 1855) (Mienis 2022 a) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B9CA613DCB095310AE5565AAA2E2E8DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Van den Neucker, Tom;Soors, Jan;Jacobs, Arnaud;Reniers, Jane;Delva, Soria;Kmentová, Nikol;Vanhove, Maarten P. M.;D’hondt, Bram;Scheers, Kevin;Bronne, Louis;Ewers, Christine;Abraham, Laura;Groom, Quentin;Halfmaerten, David;Neyrinck, Sabrina;Breugelmans, Karin;Backeljau, Thierry;Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh;Adriaens, Tim	Van den Neucker, Tom, Soors, Jan, Jacobs, Arnaud, Reniers, Jane, Delva, Soria, Kmentová, Nikol, Vanhove, Maarten P. M., D’hondt, Bram, Scheers, Kevin, Bronne, Louis, Ewers, Christine, Abraham, Laura, Groom, Quentin, Halfmaerten, David, Neyrinck, Sabrina, Breugelmans, Karin, Backeljau, Thierry, Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh, Adriaens, Tim (2026): Non-native land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) in Belgium: A review and risk assessment. NeoBiota 108: 305-334, DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.108.190976
ABDCA425494E59F48675691701992DBB.text	ABDCA425494E59F48675691701992DBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bipalium kewense Moseley 1878	<div><p>Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878</p><p>Note.</p><p>The earliest Belgian records of B. kewense date to December 1906 and are from the Ghent University Botanical Garden (Van De Woestijne 1907). However, the species has not subsequently been reported from Ghent. On 29 May 2019, B. kewense was discovered in the anthropogenic biome glasshouse of Meise Botanic Garden (50 ° 55 ' 29.1 " N, 4 ° 19 ' 49.2 " E) (Van den Neucker et al. 2020). Subsequently, B. kewense has been found on several other occasions in both the anthropogenic biome and rainforest glasshouses, on bare ground, among leaf litter, and under wooden planks. In Belgium, the species has thus far been found only in glasshouses with tropical temperatures and high humidity.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Bipalium kewense was first described from Kew Gardens (UK) (Winsor 1983) but probably originates from Southeast Asia. Currently, the species occurs in at least 78 countries worldwide (de Luna et al. 2022; Boll and de Luna 2025; Gastineau et al. 2025 b; iNaturalist 2025), most likely through the transport of potted plants. In tropical and subtropical regions, B. kewense can survive in outdoor environments. In Europe, it has been found outdoors in France, Italy, Portugal (including the Azores and Madeira), and Spain (including the Canary Islands), but in temperate regions, it seems to be found most commonly in heated glasshouses. In Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden, it has been found exclusively in heated glasshouses, although detailed information about older records is often lacking (Marcus and Marcus 1959; Winsor 1983; Sanchez-García 2014; Sluys 2016; Justine et al. 2018, 2024 b; Fourcade et al. 2022; Thunnissen et al. 2022; Glaw et al. 2024; de Waart et al. 2025; Gastineau et al. 2025 b; iNaturalist 2025; Bouguerche et al. 2026).</p><p>Prey preference.</p><p>Bipalium kewense feeds on earthworms and other invertebrates (Justine et al. 2018; Thunnissen et al. 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ABDCA425494E59F48675691701992DBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Van den Neucker, Tom;Soors, Jan;Jacobs, Arnaud;Reniers, Jane;Delva, Soria;Kmentová, Nikol;Vanhove, Maarten P. M.;D’hondt, Bram;Scheers, Kevin;Bronne, Louis;Ewers, Christine;Abraham, Laura;Groom, Quentin;Halfmaerten, David;Neyrinck, Sabrina;Breugelmans, Karin;Backeljau, Thierry;Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh;Adriaens, Tim	Van den Neucker, Tom, Soors, Jan, Jacobs, Arnaud, Reniers, Jane, Delva, Soria, Kmentová, Nikol, Vanhove, Maarten P. M., D’hondt, Bram, Scheers, Kevin, Bronne, Louis, Ewers, Christine, Abraham, Laura, Groom, Quentin, Halfmaerten, David, Neyrinck, Sabrina, Breugelmans, Karin, Backeljau, Thierry, Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh, Adriaens, Tim (2026): Non-native land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) in Belgium: A review and risk assessment. NeoBiota 108: 305-334, DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.108.190976
1E74D9C93B3F5060BC78A522C11B39A4.text	1E74D9C93B3F5060BC78A522C11B39A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenoplana coerulea Moseley 1877	<div><p>Caenoplana coerulea Moseley, 1877</p><p>Note.</p><p>Land planarians belonging to the Caenoplana coerulea species complex (Álvarez-Presas et al. 2014; Mori et al. 2023) were recorded for the first time in Belgium on 6 March 2019 in the research glasshouses of Meise Botanic Garden (50 ° 55 ' 30.4 " N, 4 ° 19 ' 49.7 " E). Thereafter, multiple observations were reported from the anthropogenic biome and Victoria glasshouses in Meise. From 26 May 2021 onward, Caenoplana coerulea was also found on three occasions in the glasshouse of the University of Liège at Domaine du Sart Tilman in Angleur, and a single observation was reported from a garden center. The specimen from the garden center was found in a plant pot from Italy, where C. coerulea has not yet been detected. The species has been found in and under plant pots, on bare soil, among leaf litter, and under wooden planks. All Belgian records of C. coerulea are indoor observations.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Caenoplana coerulea is native to eastern Australia and has been introduced to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, New Zealand, Canada, the USA, Mexico, Argentina, South Africa, and Israel. In Europe, C. coerulea has been introduced to Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal (including the Azores), Spain (including Menorca and the Canary Islands), and the UK (Negrete et al. 2011; Breugelmans et al. 2012; Sluys 2016; Suárez et al. 2018; Mienis 2022 b; Mori et al. 2022 a; Thunnissen et al. 2022; de Luna and Boll 2023; de Waart and Thunnissen 2023; Glaw et al. 2024; Justine et al. 2024 b; Boll and de Luna 2025; iNaturalist 2025).</p><p>Prey preference.</p><p>Caenoplana coerulea feeds on a variety of invertebrates, including earthworms, isopods, diplopods, earwigs, beetles, dipteran larvae, and snails (Negrete et al. 2011; Álvarez-Presas et al. 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E74D9C93B3F5060BC78A522C11B39A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Van den Neucker, Tom;Soors, Jan;Jacobs, Arnaud;Reniers, Jane;Delva, Soria;Kmentová, Nikol;Vanhove, Maarten P. M.;D’hondt, Bram;Scheers, Kevin;Bronne, Louis;Ewers, Christine;Abraham, Laura;Groom, Quentin;Halfmaerten, David;Neyrinck, Sabrina;Breugelmans, Karin;Backeljau, Thierry;Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh;Adriaens, Tim	Van den Neucker, Tom, Soors, Jan, Jacobs, Arnaud, Reniers, Jane, Delva, Soria, Kmentová, Nikol, Vanhove, Maarten P. M., D’hondt, Bram, Scheers, Kevin, Bronne, Louis, Ewers, Christine, Abraham, Laura, Groom, Quentin, Halfmaerten, David, Neyrinck, Sabrina, Breugelmans, Karin, Backeljau, Thierry, Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh, Adriaens, Tim (2026): Non-native land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) in Belgium: A review and risk assessment. NeoBiota 108: 305-334, DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.108.190976
A86660EAD00958E2B2EF18CAADA2E97A.text	A86660EAD00958E2B2EF18CAADA2E97A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caenoplana variegata (von Graff 1899)	<div><p>Caenoplana variegata (von Graff, 1899)</p><p>Note.</p><p>Caenoplana variegata was first observed in Belgium on 22 April 2015 in a private garden in Hamme (51 ° 05 ' 38.5 " N, 4 ° 04 ' 34.0 " E) (Soors et al. 2017). Multiple observations have been reported from Hamme. Currently, the species is known from 25 localities in Belgium. Most of these are outdoor observations from private gardens, but the species has also been found indoors in private houses, glasshouses, and verandas. The species has been observed under wooden planks, plant pots, and other man-made objects, as well as on stone tiles and damp soil.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Caenoplana variegata is native to Australia and has been introduced to Austria, Croatia, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, Morocco, and Russia (Sluys 2016; Vardinoyannis and Alexandrakis 2019; Mori et al. 2022 a; Thunnissen et al. 2022; Glaw et al. 2024; Justine et al. 2024 b; iNaturalist 2025; Bouguerche et al. 2026).</p><p>Prey preference.</p><p>Caenoplana variegata feeds on a variety of invertebrates, including isopods and spiders (Jones et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A86660EAD00958E2B2EF18CAADA2E97A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Van den Neucker, Tom;Soors, Jan;Jacobs, Arnaud;Reniers, Jane;Delva, Soria;Kmentová, Nikol;Vanhove, Maarten P. M.;D’hondt, Bram;Scheers, Kevin;Bronne, Louis;Ewers, Christine;Abraham, Laura;Groom, Quentin;Halfmaerten, David;Neyrinck, Sabrina;Breugelmans, Karin;Backeljau, Thierry;Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh;Adriaens, Tim	Van den Neucker, Tom, Soors, Jan, Jacobs, Arnaud, Reniers, Jane, Delva, Soria, Kmentová, Nikol, Vanhove, Maarten P. M., D’hondt, Bram, Scheers, Kevin, Bronne, Louis, Ewers, Christine, Abraham, Laura, Groom, Quentin, Halfmaerten, David, Neyrinck, Sabrina, Breugelmans, Karin, Backeljau, Thierry, Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh, Adriaens, Tim (2026): Non-native land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) in Belgium: A review and risk assessment. NeoBiota 108: 305-334, DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.108.190976
7FA8EFC298175BDE81554A42D51F07B2.text	7FA8EFC298175BDE81554A42D51F07B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diversibipalium multilineatum (Makino & Shirasawa 1983)	<div><p>Diversibipalium multilineatum (Makino &amp; Shirasawa, 1983)</p><p>Note.</p><p>Diversibipalium multilineatum has been observed only once in Belgium, in a private garden in Keerbergen (51 ° 00 ' 26.1 " N, 4 ° 38 ' 46.3 " E). On 22 September 2024, a single specimen was found under dead wood in tall grass.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The species is native to Japan and occurs as an introduced species in Austria, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Switzerland, Türkiye, the USA, and South Korea (Mazza et al. 2016; Sluys 2016; Justine et al. 2018, 2024 b; Fourcade et al. 2022; Mori et al. 2022 a; Thunnissen et al. 2022; Lazányi et al. 2024; iNaturalist 2025; Ritter 2025).</p><p>Prey preference.</p><p>Diversibipalium multilineatum feeds on earthworms (Thunnissen et al. 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7FA8EFC298175BDE81554A42D51F07B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Van den Neucker, Tom;Soors, Jan;Jacobs, Arnaud;Reniers, Jane;Delva, Soria;Kmentová, Nikol;Vanhove, Maarten P. M.;D’hondt, Bram;Scheers, Kevin;Bronne, Louis;Ewers, Christine;Abraham, Laura;Groom, Quentin;Halfmaerten, David;Neyrinck, Sabrina;Breugelmans, Karin;Backeljau, Thierry;Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh;Adriaens, Tim	Van den Neucker, Tom, Soors, Jan, Jacobs, Arnaud, Reniers, Jane, Delva, Soria, Kmentová, Nikol, Vanhove, Maarten P. M., D’hondt, Bram, Scheers, Kevin, Bronne, Louis, Ewers, Christine, Abraham, Laura, Groom, Quentin, Halfmaerten, David, Neyrinck, Sabrina, Breugelmans, Karin, Backeljau, Thierry, Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh, Adriaens, Tim (2026): Non-native land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) in Belgium: A review and risk assessment. NeoBiota 108: 305-334, DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.108.190976
AABB48B3AB1A5AE0A07E4604D3D9BC47.text	AABB48B3AB1A5AE0A07E4604D3D9BC47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dolichoplana striata Moseley 1877	<div><p>Dolichoplana striata Moseley, 1877</p><p>Note.</p><p>Thus far, only two Belgian records of Dolichoplana striata exist. On 30 November 2019, a single specimen was found on waterlogged silty soil along the edge of an indoor pond in the Orangery of the Hortus Botanicus Lovaniensis (50 ° 52 ' 41.9 " N, 4 ° 41 ' 23.8 " E), the botanical garden of Leuven (Van den Neucker et al. 2020). Another specimen was found on 27 December 2025 at the same location. The glasshouse in Leuven where the specimens were found has a tropical regime.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Dolichoplana striata originates from Indonesia and Malaysia and has been introduced to several other Asian countries, including China, India, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. It also occurs as a non-native species on several Caribbean islands, in French Guiana, in most Central American countries from Panama to Mexico, and in the USA, including Hawaii. It has also been introduced to South Africa, Comoros, Mayotte, Réunion Island, Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, and New Caledonia. In Europe, D. striata has been introduced to glasshouses in Bulgaria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Jersey, Slovakia, Spain, and the UK (Pfitzner 1956, 1958; Anderson 1986; Sluys 2016; Brown et al. 2022; Mori et al. 2022 b; Thunnissen et al. 2022; de Luna and Boll 2023; Glaw et al. 2024; Justine et al. 2024 b; Boll and de Luna 2025; iNaturalist 2025; Simov et al. 2025).</p><p>Prey preference.</p><p>The species feeds on earthworms (Thunnissen et al. 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AABB48B3AB1A5AE0A07E4604D3D9BC47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Van den Neucker, Tom;Soors, Jan;Jacobs, Arnaud;Reniers, Jane;Delva, Soria;Kmentová, Nikol;Vanhove, Maarten P. M.;D’hondt, Bram;Scheers, Kevin;Bronne, Louis;Ewers, Christine;Abraham, Laura;Groom, Quentin;Halfmaerten, David;Neyrinck, Sabrina;Breugelmans, Karin;Backeljau, Thierry;Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh;Adriaens, Tim	Van den Neucker, Tom, Soors, Jan, Jacobs, Arnaud, Reniers, Jane, Delva, Soria, Kmentová, Nikol, Vanhove, Maarten P. M., D’hondt, Bram, Scheers, Kevin, Bronne, Louis, Ewers, Christine, Abraham, Laura, Groom, Quentin, Halfmaerten, David, Neyrinck, Sabrina, Breugelmans, Karin, Backeljau, Thierry, Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh, Adriaens, Tim (2026): Non-native land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) in Belgium: A review and risk assessment. NeoBiota 108: 305-334, DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.108.190976
5615A24E95E95B749790F5D3EEEAAFE2.text	5615A24E95E95B749790F5D3EEEAAFE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Marionfyfea adventor Jones & Sluys 2016	<div><p>Marionfyfea adventor Jones &amp; Sluys, 2016</p><p>Note.</p><p>The first Belgian record of Marionfyfea adventor occurred on 20 February 2021 in Merendree (51 ° 05 ' 13, 9 " N, 3 ° 35 ' 08, 2 " E) (Soors et al. 2022). The species is currently reported from 19 localities. It has been found on limestone, stone tiles, tree bark, and under dead wood, mostly in private gardens (five localities) and woodland areas (nine localities). On one occasion, it was found on driftwood along the Scheldt River (Soors 2024). In Belgium, M. adventor has been reported only from outdoor environments.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The exact origins of M. adventor are unknown (Jones and Sluys 2016), but it is considered an introduced species in Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Spain, and the UK (Thunnissen et al. 2022; Glaw et al. 2024; Justine et al. 2024 b; Rojo et al. 2024; iNaturalist 2025).</p><p>Prey preference.</p><p>The prey preference of M. adventor was previously unknown. However, Belgian citizen scientists have photographed M. adventor feeding on several small gastropods: the snails Alinda biplicata (Montagu, 1803) (Fig. 2) and Vitrina pellucida (O. F. Müller, 1774), and a slug belonging to the Arion hortensis A. Férussac, 1819 species complex (Callens 2022; Bronne 2024; Hindricq 2024; Salmon 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5615A24E95E95B749790F5D3EEEAAFE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Van den Neucker, Tom;Soors, Jan;Jacobs, Arnaud;Reniers, Jane;Delva, Soria;Kmentová, Nikol;Vanhove, Maarten P. M.;D’hondt, Bram;Scheers, Kevin;Bronne, Louis;Ewers, Christine;Abraham, Laura;Groom, Quentin;Halfmaerten, David;Neyrinck, Sabrina;Breugelmans, Karin;Backeljau, Thierry;Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh;Adriaens, Tim	Van den Neucker, Tom, Soors, Jan, Jacobs, Arnaud, Reniers, Jane, Delva, Soria, Kmentová, Nikol, Vanhove, Maarten P. M., D’hondt, Bram, Scheers, Kevin, Bronne, Louis, Ewers, Christine, Abraham, Laura, Groom, Quentin, Halfmaerten, David, Neyrinck, Sabrina, Breugelmans, Karin, Backeljau, Thierry, Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh, Adriaens, Tim (2026): Non-native land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) in Belgium: A review and risk assessment. NeoBiota 108: 305-334, DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.108.190976
13AD4337FE1952378F9546C9A4C8C6BC.text	13AD4337FE1952378F9546C9A4C8C6BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Obama nungara Carbayo, Alvarez-Presas, Jones & Riutort 2016	<div><p>Obama nungara Carbayo, Álvarez-Presas, Jones &amp; Riutort, 2016</p><p>Note.</p><p>Obama nungara was first found in Belgium on 15 June 2017 in Elsene (50 ° 50 ' 2.8 " N, 4 ° 21 ' 52.0 " E) (Soors et al. 2019). It is the most widespread non-native land planarian in Belgium and is currently reported from 63 localities. These localities mainly include private gardens or courtyards (30 localities) and plant nurseries or garden centers (29 localities). The species has mostly been observed outdoors, but indoor observations have also been reported from glasshouses at five localities and private houses at two localities. Citizen scientists photographed O. nungara on a variety of hard surfaces, such as stone tiles, bricks, concrete, and wooden planks; on plastic plant pots and trays; and on geotextile and damp soil (iNaturalist 2025; Waarnemingen. be 2025).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Obama nungara is probably native to Brazil and Argentina (Lago-Barcia et al. 2015, 2019; Negrete et al. 2020) and has been reported outside its native range from Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Guernsey, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal (including the Azores and Madeira), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Slovenia, Spain, Türkiye, the UK, Réunion Island, and the USA (Carbayo et al. 2016; Lago-Barcia et al. 2019, 2020; Justine et al. 2020, 2022, 2024 a, 2024 b; Čapka and Čejka 2021; Thunnissen et al. 2022; Mori et al. 2023; Cilia 2024; Glaw et al. 2024; Lazányi et al. 2024; Bouguerche et al. 2025; de Waart et al. 2025; Greilhuber et al. 2025; iNaturalist 2025; Mienis and Vaisman 2025 b; Antonova et al. 2026). Obama nungara has recently been reported from Israel, where it was detected in a plant shipment originating from the Netherlands (Mienis and Vaisman 2025 b).</p><p>Prey preference.</p><p>The species feeds on a variety of invertebrates, including gastropods, earthworms, and other planarians (Boll and Leal-Zanchet 2016; Roy et al. 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/13AD4337FE1952378F9546C9A4C8C6BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Van den Neucker, Tom;Soors, Jan;Jacobs, Arnaud;Reniers, Jane;Delva, Soria;Kmentová, Nikol;Vanhove, Maarten P. M.;D’hondt, Bram;Scheers, Kevin;Bronne, Louis;Ewers, Christine;Abraham, Laura;Groom, Quentin;Halfmaerten, David;Neyrinck, Sabrina;Breugelmans, Karin;Backeljau, Thierry;Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh;Adriaens, Tim	Van den Neucker, Tom, Soors, Jan, Jacobs, Arnaud, Reniers, Jane, Delva, Soria, Kmentová, Nikol, Vanhove, Maarten P. M., D’hondt, Bram, Scheers, Kevin, Bronne, Louis, Ewers, Christine, Abraham, Laura, Groom, Quentin, Halfmaerten, David, Neyrinck, Sabrina, Breugelmans, Karin, Backeljau, Thierry, Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh, Adriaens, Tim (2026): Non-native land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) in Belgium: A review and risk assessment. NeoBiota 108: 305-334, DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.108.190976
DEAFC1915F96581496910CA91FC0E2D2.text	DEAFC1915F96581496910CA91FC0E2D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parakontikia ventrolineata (Dendy 1892)	<div><p>Parakontikia ventrolineata (Dendy, 1892)</p><p>Note.</p><p>Parakontikia ventrolineata has thus far been reported from 12 localities in Belgium. The first Belgian record dates from 26 February 2017 at the Victoria glasshouse of the Ghent University Botanical Garden. On 30 May 2019, the species was reported from the tropical glasshouse of Meise Botanic Garden (Van den Neucker et al. 2020). Parakontikia ventrolineata was subsequently reported repeatedly from both botanical gardens, where it is commonly found under plant pots, on bare soil, and among leaf litter and wood chips. In addition, from 11 May 2019 onward, several outdoor observations of P. ventrolineata were recorded, including one from a plant nursery, six from private gardens, and three from woodland areas. Citizen scientists photographed P. ventrolineata outdoors on stone, wood, and soil (iNaturalist 2025; Waarnemingen. be 2025).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Parakontikia ventrolineata is native to Australia and has been introduced to Fiji, Lord Howe Island, New Zealand, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal (including Madeira), Spain, the UK, Réunion Island, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Canada, and the USA, including Hawaii (Sanchez-García 2014; Sluys 2016; Thunnissen et al. 2022; Kappes 2023; Justine et al. 2024 b; Mori et al. 2024; iNaturalist 2025).</p><p>Prey preference.</p><p>The species feeds on a variety of invertebrates, including isopods, earthworms, and gastropods (Álvarez-Presas et al. 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DEAFC1915F96581496910CA91FC0E2D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Van den Neucker, Tom;Soors, Jan;Jacobs, Arnaud;Reniers, Jane;Delva, Soria;Kmentová, Nikol;Vanhove, Maarten P. M.;D’hondt, Bram;Scheers, Kevin;Bronne, Louis;Ewers, Christine;Abraham, Laura;Groom, Quentin;Halfmaerten, David;Neyrinck, Sabrina;Breugelmans, Karin;Backeljau, Thierry;Justine, Jean-Lou;Gastineau, Romain;Winsor, Leigh;Adriaens, Tim	Van den Neucker, Tom, Soors, Jan, Jacobs, Arnaud, Reniers, Jane, Delva, Soria, Kmentová, Nikol, Vanhove, Maarten P. M., D’hondt, Bram, Scheers, Kevin, Bronne, Louis, Ewers, Christine, Abraham, Laura, Groom, Quentin, Halfmaerten, David, Neyrinck, Sabrina, Breugelmans, Karin, Backeljau, Thierry, Justine, Jean-Lou, Gastineau, Romain, Winsor, Leigh, Adriaens, Tim (2026): Non-native land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) in Belgium: A review and risk assessment. NeoBiota 108: 305-334, DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.108.190976
