identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0BECD2CA07F35F2B97AAF096614D651F.text	0BECD2CA07F35F2B97AAF096614D651F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge 1882	<div><p>Genus Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882</p><p>Chrysso: O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882: 429.</p><p>Arctachaea: Levi, 1957: 102 (synonym by Levi and Levi 1962: 16).</p><p>Argyria: Yaginuma, 1957: 11 (synonym by Levi and Levi 1962: 16).</p><p>Argyroaster: Yaginuma, 1958: 37 (synonym by Levi and Levi 1962: 16).</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Chrysso albomaculata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 from the Americas.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The morphology of the copulatory organs in “ Chrysso ” species is highly variable. Therefore, we choose the type species, Chr. albomaculata, along with eight morphologically similar species from North and South America as the true Chrysso: Chr. albomaculata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882, Chr. diplosticha Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1936, Chr. huanuco Levi, 1957, Chr. indicifera Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1936, Chr. mariae Levi, 1957, Chr. sulcata (Keyserling, 1884), Chr. vallensis Levi, 1957, and Chr. vexabilis Keyserling, 1884 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>We provide the diagnostic characteristics of the true Chrysso in the current paper. The true Chrysso (figs 1–7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 21–31, 34, 35 in Levi 1957; figs 7, 8, 12 in Buckup and Marques 1996) can be distinguished from other theridiid genera by the following combination of characteristics: (1) opisthosoma longer than wide or high, posterior part extending beyond spinnerets; (2) median apophysis almost as large as tegular apophysis; (3) embolus arising from prolateral part of embolic base and retrolaterally elongating, then curved in clockwise direction; (4) copulatory ducts sac-like; and (5) spermathecae spherical.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0BECD2CA07F35F2B97AAF096614D651F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Li, Zichang	Hu, Changhao, Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Li, Zichang (2026): A revision of Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 sensu lato (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1266: 193-218, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1266.172838
5058C35A9F5358F886C1E445FB2CDA24.text	5058C35A9F5358F886C1E445FB2CDA24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megama bimaculata (Yoshida 1998) Hu & Zhong & Liu & Li 2026	<div><p>Megama bimaculata (Yoshida, 1998) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 3 C, D, 4 C, D, G, H, K, L</p><p>Chrysso bimaculata: Yoshida 1998: 105, figs 1–6 (male, female); Yoshida 2003: 125, figs 330–335 (male, female); Yoshida 2009: 378, figs 203, 204 (male, female); Zhang and Zhang 2012: 28, figs 13–17 (male, female).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>5 males, 11 females (QZMS 00947, 00981, 01024, 01392, 02586, 02736, 02938, 03189, 03564, 04599–04604): China – Hubei Province • Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xuan’en County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0292" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7565/lat 30.0292)">Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve</a>; 29.6953°N – 30.0292°N, 109.5919°E – 109.7565°E; elev. 585–1919 m; 27 June – 20 July 2023; C. H. Hu and M. Wei leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>See above diagnosis under Meg. decimaculata sp. nov.</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Zhang and Zhang (2012).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hubei, new provincial record; Hainan), Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5058C35A9F5358F886C1E445FB2CDA24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Li, Zichang	Hu, Changhao, Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Li, Zichang (2026): A revision of Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 sensu lato (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1266: 193-218, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1266.172838
03F29F4BAD23504A8987313BE9D8AD8A.text	03F29F4BAD23504A8987313BE9D8AD8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megama decimaculata Hu & Zhong & Liu & Li 2026	<div><p>Megama decimaculata sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 3 A, B, 4 A, B, E, F, I, J</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype male (QZMS 05450): China – Hubei Province • Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xuan’en County, Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0242" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7565/lat 30.0242)">Chunmuying Town, Huoshaobao</a>; 30.0242°N, 109.7565°E; elev. 1919 m; 1 June 2024; C. H. Hu and M. Wei leg. Paratypes 1 male, 6 females (QZMS 05451 –05457): same data as for holotype .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a combination of the Latin prefix deci - (ten) and the Latin adjective maculatus (with spots), referring to the 10 black spots on the dorsal opisthosoma.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Megama decimaculata sp. nov. can be distinguished from Meg. bimaculata (Yoshida, 1998), comb. nov. (cf. Figs 1, 3 A, B and Figs 2, 3 C, D) by: (1) median apophysis almost 2 / 3 the length of bulb, prolateral angle of median apophysis pointed (vs median apophysis almost 1 / 3 the length of bulb, prolateral angle of median apophysis rounded with rough surface); (2) embolic tip pointing to 12 o’clock direction in ventral view (vs 10 o’clock direction); (3) copulatory ducts long and obvious (vs very short, unobvious); and (4) spermathecae longer than wide (vs wider than long).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male: total length 1.88; carapace length 0.86, width 0.74; opisthosoma length 1.00, width 0.77; eye diameters: AME 0.06, ALE 0.06, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07; eye interdistances: AME – AME 0.09, ALE – AME 0.04, PME – PME 0.10, PLE – PME 0.07, AME – PME 0.06, ALE – PLE 0.01; leg measurements: I 5.98 (1.70, 0.31, 1.53, 1.84, 0.60), II 3.53 (1.06, 0.25, 0.81, 0.95, 0.46), III 2.31 (0.72, 0.20, 0.46, 0.60, 0.33), IV 3.56 (1.09, 0.22, 0.87, 0.96, 0.42).</p><p>Palp (Fig. 1): median apophysis triangular, with long dorsal part almost as long as ventral part. Tegular apophysis tiny, almost 1 / 5 of the median apophysis. Embolic tip pointing to 12 o’clock direction. Other characters as in generic description.</p><p>Colouration in ethanol (Fig. 4 A, E, I): carapace laterally with black markings. Distal part of patella, tibia, and metatarsus of legs with black spots. Dorsal opisthosoma with five pairs black spots. Other characters as in generic description.</p><p>Female: total length 3.20; carapace length 1.14, width 1.05; opisthosoma length 1.97, width 1.52; eye diameters: AME 0.05, ALE 0.06, PME 0.06, PLE 0.06; eye interdistances: AME – AME 0.12, ALE – AME 0.05, PME – PME 0.10, PLE – PME 0.07, AME – PME 0.07, ALE – PLE 0.01; leg measurements: I 8.82 (2.63, 0.37, 2.25, 2.84, 0.73), II 4.91 (1.62, 0.26, 1.06, 1.40, 0.57), III 3.11 (0.96, 0.30, 0.60, 0.81, 0.44), IV 5.69 (1.80, 0.34, 1.35, 1.62, 0.58).</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 3 A, B): epigyne medially with septum. Copulatory ducts thick and long, almost as long as spermathecae. Spermathecae anteriorly located. Other characters as in generic description.</p><p>Colouration in ethanol (Fig. 4 B, F, J): as in male, but carapace generally light yellow, dorsal part of opisthosoma with white and yellow patches.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality (China: Hubei).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F29F4BAD23504A8987313BE9D8AD8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Li, Zichang	Hu, Changhao, Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Li, Zichang (2026): A revision of Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 sensu lato (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1266: 193-218, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1266.172838
07CF519C4AD15030B5533E2A3CED2834.text	07CF519C4AD15030B5533E2A3CED2834.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megama Hu & Zhong & Liu & Li 2026	<div><p>Genus Megama gen. nov.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Megama decimaculata sp. nov. from China.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The generic name is a combination of the Greek word mega (large) and ma (abbreviation of median apophysis), referring to the large median apophysis of this new genus. The gender is feminine.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Members of the genus Megama gen. nov. can be distinguished from the true Chrysso (cf. Figs 1 – 3 and figs 1–7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 21–31, 34, 35 in Levi 1957; figs 7, 8, 12 in Buckup and Marques 1996) by: (1) median apophysis posteriorly elongating, with a thin and long dorsal part almost as long as ventral part (vs median apophysis triangular, without elongation); (2) tegular apophysis tiny, almost 1 / 5–1 / 3 of the median apophysis (vs almost as large as median apophysis); (3) embolus relatively shorter than bulb, with a pointed embolic projection (vs relatively longer than bulb, lacking embolic projection); (4) copulatory ducts tube-like (vs sac-like); and (5) spermathecae longer than wide or wider than long (vs spherical).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Habitus (Fig. 4): male total length 1.48–1.88, female 1.80–3.20. Habitus generally light yellow. Carapace oval. Sternum triangular. Chelicerae with two promarginal teeth, without retromarginal teeth. Leg formula 1423. Retrolateral part of patella of legs with apophysis. Opisthosoma oval, posterior part extending beyond spinnerets; dorsal part of opisthosoma with black spots. Colulus or colular setae absent.</p><p>Male palp (Figs 1, 2): tibia almost half the length of cymbium, basal retrolateral part with two trichobothria. Cymbium longer than wide, with the basal part narrowest; cymbial hood longer than 1 / 4 length of cymbium, with curved apical part; tarsal organ larger than setal sockets. Subtegulum and tegulum with prolateral part shorter than retrolateral part. Median apophysis with triangular ventral part, and long dorsal part almost as long as ventral part. Tegular apophysis tiny, almost 1 / 5–1 / 3 of the median apophysis. Conductor cow-ear-like, connecting with tegulum via membrane. Embolus with a pointed projection; embolic tip curved in anticlockwise direction.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 3): epigyne slightly sclerotized. Copulatory ducts tube-like, thinner than spermathecae. Spermathecae oval. Fertilization ducts curved, arising from posterior part of spermathecae.</p><p>Composition.</p><p>Megama decimaculata sp. nov. and Meg. bimaculata (Yoshida, 1998), comb. nov.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China, Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/07CF519C4AD15030B5533E2A3CED2834	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Li, Zichang	Hu, Changhao, Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Li, Zichang (2026): A revision of Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 sensu lato (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1266: 193-218, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1266.172838
290D109913BF570CA33A2EFAD59A44CD.text	290D109913BF570CA33A2EFAD59A44CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meotipa cordata Hu & Zhong & Liu & Li 2026	<div><p>Meotipa cordata sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 A, B, 7 A, E, I</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype female (QZMS 01025): China – Hubei Province • Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xuan’en County, Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7454&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0764" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7454/lat 30.0764)">Changtanhe Dong Autonomous Town, Shanyangxi</a>, 30.0764°N, 109.7454°E, elev. 810 m, 5 July 2023, C. H. Hu and M. Wei leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is derived from the Latin word cordatus, meaning “heart-shaped”, and refers the shape of the copulatory ducts.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The female of Meo. cordata sp. nov. can be distinguished from all congeners by: (1) the diameter of atrium, main part of copulatory ducts and spermathecae almost equal; and (2) copulatory ducts heart shaped.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female: total length 3.19; carapace length 0.85, width 1.09; opisthosoma length 2.33, width 2.21; eye diameters: AME 0.07, ALE 0.09, PME 0.11, PLE 0.11; eye interdistances: AME – AME 0.10, ALE – AME 0.01, PME – PME 0.07, PLE – PME 0.03, AME – PME 0.05, ALE – PLE 0.00; leg measurements: I 7.52 (2.67, 0.35, 1.35, 2.51, 0.64), II 4.34 (1.45, 0.27, 0.79, 1.35, 0.48), III 2.88 (1.00, 0.24, 0.57, 0.66, 0.41), IV 5.33 (1.79, 0.34, 1.02, 1.70, 0.48). Leg formula 1423.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 5 A, B): epigyne posteriorly with a rounded atrium. Main part of copulatory ducts almost as wide as atrium, heart-shaped, coiled twice; distal part thin. Spermathecae kidney-shaped, medially situated, almost as wide as main part of copulatory ducts. Fertilization ducts arising from posterior part of spermathecae.</p><p>Colouration in ethanol (Fig. 7 A, E, I): carapace rounded and pale yellow, laterally with reddish-brown markings. Sternum, chelicerae, and labium pale yellow. Legs and palp pale yellow, with black, flattened spines (missing), black markings and reddish-brown spots. Opisthosoma rounded and pale yellow, with white patches and black spots; dorsum with black flattened spines (missing), laterally with two pairs humps and posteriorly with a black, tail-shaped extension.</p><p>Male: unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality (China: Hubei).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/290D109913BF570CA33A2EFAD59A44CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Li, Zichang	Hu, Changhao, Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Li, Zichang (2026): A revision of Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 sensu lato (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1266: 193-218, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1266.172838
F0BAE54BD1A0535F936CDC5FFB71EB68.text	F0BAE54BD1A0535F936CDC5FFB71EB68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meotipa lingchuanensis (Zhu & Zhang 1992) Hu & Zhong & Liu & Li 2026	<div><p>Meotipa lingchuanensis (Zhu &amp; Zhang, 1992) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 6, 7 B, C, F, G, J, K</p><p>Chrysso lingchuanensis: Zhu and Zhang 1992: 22, fig. 2 A – D (female); Zhu 1998: 55, fig. 29 A – F (male, female); Song et al. 1999: 103, fig. 49 E, F, M, N (male, female); Lin et al. 2023: 521 (synonym of Chr. hyoshidai).</p><p>Chrysso hyoshidai: Barrion et al. 2013: 34, fig. 38 A – E (female).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>12 males, 19 females (PWFJ 2024016 –2024046): China – Fujian Province • Zhangzhou City, Zhangpu County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.6626&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.9287" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.6626/lat 23.9287)">Futouwan</a>; 23.9287°N, 117.6626°E; elev. 20 m; 14 July 2024; H. L. Chen et al. leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Meotipa lingchuanensis (Zhu &amp; Zhang, 1992), comb. nov. is similar to Meo . pseudomultuma Liang, Yin &amp; Xu, 2024 (cf. Fig. 6 and figs 3 D – F, 4, 5 D – F, 6 in Liang et al. 2024) in having a pointed conductor tip and laterally situated copulatory ducts, but it can be distinguished from Meo . pseudomultuma by: (1) sperm duct in tegulum strongly curved (vs slightly curved); (2) conductor tip curved in ventral view (vs straight); (3) conductor wide, almost 1 / 2 the width of bulb (vs narrow, almost 1 / 4 the width of bulb); (4) epigynal atrium present (vs absent); and (5) posterior margin of epigyne curved (vs straight).</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Zhu (1998).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species possesses three pairs of spines on the posterior extension of the dorsal opisthosoma (arrows in Fig. 7 K point to the spine sockets, but the spines are missing; fig. 29 B in Zhu 1998), and the copulatory organs of this species are similar to the generotype (cf. Fig. 6 and figs 8 G – I, 9 C, D in Benjamin and Tharmarajan 2024): i. e. the embolus is surrounded by the conductor. Therefore, we transfer this species to the genus Meotipa .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Fujian, new provincial record; Guangdong; Guangxi; Hainan; Jiangxi).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F0BAE54BD1A0535F936CDC5FFB71EB68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Li, Zichang	Hu, Changhao, Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Li, Zichang (2026): A revision of Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 sensu lato (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1266: 193-218, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1266.172838
ED41832333A35A1DA0CE72671E15289C.text	ED41832333A35A1DA0CE72671E15289C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meotipa Simon 1895	<div><p>Genus Meotipa Simon, 1895</p><p>Meotipa: Simon 1895: 133.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Meotipa picturata Simon, 1895 from India.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>See Deeleman-Reinhold (2009).</p><p>New combination.</p><p>Meotipa anei (Barrion &amp; Litsinger, 1995), comb. nov., Meo. isumbo (Barrion &amp; Litsinger, 1995), comb. nov., Meo. lingchuanensis (Zhu &amp; Zhang, 1992), comb. nov., and Meo. tiboli (Barrion &amp; Litsinger, 1995), comb. nov.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The most conspicuous characteristic of the genus Meotipa is the presence of flattened spines on the opisthosoma and legs. Although the specimens of Chrysso anei, Chr. isumbo, and Chr. tiboli were unavailable for examination, the original illustrations and descriptions of these species (figs 250 a, 251 a, 252 a in Barrion and Litsinger 1995) clearly show spines on the dorsal opisthosoma. Therefore, we transfer these three species to Meotipa herein.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>East, South, and Southeast Asia; Pacific Islands (WSC 2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED41832333A35A1DA0CE72671E15289C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Li, Zichang	Hu, Changhao, Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Li, Zichang (2026): A revision of Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 sensu lato (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1266: 193-218, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1266.172838
5C9127FECB2952339356E4205D70E2B2.text	5C9127FECB2952339356E4205D70E2B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meotipa vittiforma Hu & Zhong & Liu & Li 2026	<div><p>Meotipa vittiforma sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 C, D, 7 D, H, L</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype female (LJ 201800979): China – Hainan Province • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.5161&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.7814" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.5161/lat 18.7814)">Diaoluoshan</a>; 18.7814°N, 109.5161°E, elev. 136 m, 1–31 March 2018, F. X. Liu and Z. C. Li leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is derived from the Latin word vittiforma, meaning “ banded ” and refers the reddish-brown transverse lines on the dorsal opisthosoma.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The female of Meotipa vittiforma sp. nov. is similar to Meo . pseudomultuma Liang, Yin &amp; Xu, 2024 (cf. Figs 5 C, D and figs 3 D – F, 4 in Liang et al. 2024) in having similar copulatory duct surrounding spherical spermatheca, but it can be distinguished from Meo . pseudomultuma by: (1) epigyne with an atrium (vs without atrium); and (2) copulatory openings touching (vs separated).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female: total length 2.86; carapace length 1.07, width 0.92; opisthosoma length 1.81, width 1.56; eye diameters: AME 0.08, ALE 0.06, PME 0.08, PLE 0.07; eye interdistances: AME – AME 0.08, ALE – AME 0.02, PME – PME 0.06, PLE – PME 0.08, AME – PME 0.07, ALE – PLE 0.01; leg measurements: I 7.31 (2.63, 0.32, 1.34, 2.40, 0.62), II 4.14 (1.44, 0.26, 0.65, 1.33, 0.46), III 2.70 (0.98, 0.23, 0.48, 0.63, 0.38), IV 5.12 (1.75, 0.33, 0.99, 1.58, 0.47). Leg formula 1423.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 5 C, D): epigyne with a rugby-ball-shaped atrium, laterally with triangular pockets. Copulatory openings situated in anterior part of atrium. Copulatory ducts coiled once. Spermathecae spherical. Fertilization ducts arising from posterior part of spermathecae.</p><p>Colouration in ethanol (Fig. 7 D, H, L): carapace rounded and pale yellow, medially with a wide red line. Sternum, chelicerae, labium, palps, and legs pale yellow. Opisthosoma pale yellow, posteriorly extending with black, flattened spines; dorsum with white patches and reddish-brown transverse lines; venter laterally with black transverse line.</p><p>Male: unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality (China: Hainan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C9127FECB2952339356E4205D70E2B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Li, Zichang	Hu, Changhao, Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Li, Zichang (2026): A revision of Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 sensu lato (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1266: 193-218, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1266.172838
A3F677ADC8FB59D8B9A7D5E147AFCD60.text	A3F677ADC8FB59D8B9A7D5E147AFCD60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physcoa oxycera (Zhu & Song 1993) Hu & Zhong & Liu & Li 2026	<div><p>Physcoa oxycera (Zhu &amp; Song, 1993) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 8, 13 A, D, G</p><p>Chrysso oxycera: Song et al. 1993: 857, fig. 10 A – D (male); Zhu 1998: 63, fig. 35 A – D (male); Song et al. 1999: 103, fig. 50 H, I (male).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>1 male (QZMS 04208): China – Hubei Province • Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xuan’en County, Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.736&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.9238" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.736/lat 29.9238)">Shadaogou Town, Baishuihe Village</a>; 29.9238°N, 109.7360°E; elev. 843 m; 23–24 July 2023; C. H. Hu and M. Wei leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Physcoa oxycera (Zhu &amp; Song, 1993), comb. nov. is similar to P. cyclocera (Zhu, 1998), comb. nov. (cf. Fig. 8 and fig. 34 D, E in Zhu 1998) in having an embolic projection, but can be distinguished from P. cyclocera by: (1) retrolateral tibia with one trichobothrium (vs with two trichobothria); (2) prolateral distal cymbium with a projection (vs cymbium without projection); and (3) embolic base with a tiny, tooth-like projection (vs without basal projection).</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Zhu (1998).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is transferred to Physcoa based on its similarity to the type species: i. e. prolateral distal cymbium with projection and cymbial hood located on retrolateral distal cymbium, and the embolus C-shaped.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hubei, new provincial record; Fujian).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A3F677ADC8FB59D8B9A7D5E147AFCD60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Li, Zichang	Hu, Changhao, Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Li, Zichang (2026): A revision of Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 sensu lato (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1266: 193-218, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1266.172838
D071A21179E157C59CA1DBE53E70B6AF.text	D071A21179E157C59CA1DBE53E70B6AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physcoa scintillans Thorell 1895	<div><p>Physcoa scintillans Thorell, 1895 comb. rev.</p><p>Figs 9, 10 A, B, 13 B, C, E, F, H, I</p><p>Physcoa scintillans: Thorell 1895: 83 (female).</p><p>Argyria venusta: Yaginuma 1957: 11, fig. 1 A – J (male, female).</p><p>Argyroaster venusta: Yaginuma 1958: 37; Yaginuma 1960: 38, fig. 36 (male).</p><p>Chrysso venusta: Levi 1962: 209, figs 3–5 (male, female); Zhu 1998: 59, fig. 32 A – D (male, female, synonym of Chr. bidens).</p><p>Chrysso bidens: Xing et al. 1994: 164, figs 1–5 (male, female).</p><p>Chrysso scintillans: Yoshida 2001: 174, figs 66–71 (male, female, transfer from Physcoa, synonym of Chr. venusta); Breitling 2015: 2 (synonym of Linyphia bilobata); Kim, 2021: 40, fig. 13 A – J, pl. 7 (male, female). Naya 2024: 61, f. 1–4 (male, female).</p><p>Linyphia bilobata: Roy et al. 2015: 62, figs 1–7 (female). 1</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>9 males, 14 females (QZMS 00606, 00765, 00993, 02261–02264, 02269, 02396, 02685–02689, 03543, 04207, 04469–04475): China – Hubei Province • Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xuan’en County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.7763&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0764" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.7763/lat 30.0764)">Qizimeishan National Nature Reserve</a>; 29.7400°N – 30.0764°N, 109.5919°E – 109.7763°E; elev. 585–1822 m; 30 June – 31 July 2023; C. H. Hu and M. Wei leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Physcoa scintillans Thorell, 1895, comb. rev. is similar to P. trimaculata (Zhu, Zhang &amp; Xu, 1991), comb. nov. (cf. Figs 9, 10 A, B and Figs 10 C, D, 11) in having digitiform median apophysis in ventral view, similar embolic shape, epigynal atrium posteriorly situated, but can be distinguished from P. trimaculata by: (1) prolateral part of tegulum almost as long as wide (vs wider than long); (2) embolic tip almost as wide as median apophysis (vs thinner than median apophysis); (3) atrium as wide as and half the length of epigynal field (vs almost 3 / 5 the width and 1 / 8 the length of epigynal field); and (4) copulatory duct situated at anterior part of spermatheca (vs situated between spermathecae).</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Kim (2021).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Anhui; Fujian; Guizhou; Hainan; Hubei; Hunan; Sichuan; Taiwan; Yunnan; Zhejiang), India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Philippines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D071A21179E157C59CA1DBE53E70B6AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Li, Zichang	Hu, Changhao, Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Li, Zichang (2026): A revision of Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 sensu lato (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1266: 193-218, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1266.172838
F016F22DE27E5EE0B98C22998C8C0937.text	F016F22DE27E5EE0B98C22998C8C0937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physcoa Thorell 1895	<div><p>Genus Physcoa Thorell, 1895 stat. rev.</p><p>Physcoa: Thorell 1895: 82.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Physcoa scintillans Thorell, 1895, comb. rev. from Myanmar.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Members of the genus Physcoa Thorell, 1895, stat. rev. can be distinguished from the true Chrysso (cf. Figs 8 – 12; fig. 34 A – E in Zhu 1998; fig. 111.1–3 in Song et al. 2006; figs 481–492 in Sen et al. 2015 and figs 1–7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 21–31, 34, 35 in Levi 1957; figs 7, 8, 12 in Buckup and Marques 1996) by the following combination of characteristics: (1) cymbium with a prolateral distal projection (except P. cyclocera (Zhu, 1998), comb. nov.) (vs cymbium without projection); (2) embolus C-shaped, with embolic projection in some species (vs filiform and complexly elongating, without embolic projection); and (3) copulatory ducts spherical, smaller than spermathecae (except P. cyclocera (Zhu, 1998), comb. nov.) (vs sac-like, much larger than spermathecae).</p><p>Members of the genus Physcoa Thorell, 1895, stat. rev. is similar to Argyrodes Simon, 1864 (cf. Figs 8, 9, 11, 12 and fig. 52 in Agnarsson et al. 2007; figs 2–8 in Kaya et al. 2010) in having a posterior extension on dorsal opisthosoma and the presence of prolateral cymbial projection, but it can be distinguished by: (1) bulb-cymbium-lock mechanism hood-like (vs hook-like); (2) tegular apophysis short, not visible before expanded, covered by bulb (vs long, protrusive, and visible before expanded); (3) embolus C-shaped (vs triangular); and (4) copulatory ducts spherical (vs tubular).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Habitus (Figs 13, 14): male total length 2.01–3.92, female 2.48–7.70. Carapace rounded or oval. Sternum triangular. Chelicerae with two or three promarginal teeth, without retromarginal teeth. Leg formula 1423. Retrolateral part of patella of legs with apophysis. Dorsal part of opisthosoma laterally with two humps and posterior part with extension beyond spinnerets. Colulus or colular setae absent.</p><p>Male palp (Figs 8, 9, 11, 12): tibia wider than long, with distal part almost 2–3 times wider than basal part in ventral view; retrolateral part with one or two trichobothria. Cymbium almost as long as wide or slightly longer than wide, prolateral-distal part with a projection; cymbial hood located at retrolateral-distal margin of cymbium, wider than long; tarsal organ enlarged, three times larger than setal sockets. Subtegulum bowl-like. Tegulum retrolaterally with a rounded pit. Median apophysis visible and tegular apophysis not visible in ventral view; tegular apophysis almost as large as median apophysis. Conductor incrassate, membranous, supporting embolic tip. Embolus wide, C-shaped, basal hook spherical, forming a lock mechanism with tegular pit.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 10): epigyne with a short atrium, wider than 2 / 3 the width of epigynal field. Copulatory ducts almost spherical. Spermathecae spherical, wider than copulatory ducts. Fertilization ducts originating from posterior part of spermathecae.</p><p>Composition.</p><p>Physcoa angula (Tikader, 1970), comb. nov., P. cyclocera (Zhu, 1998), comb. nov., P. fanjingshan (Song, Zhang &amp; Zhu, 2006), comb. nov., P. oxycera (Zhu &amp; Song, 1993), comb. nov., P. scintillans Thorell, 1895, comb. rev., P. trimaculata (Zhu, Zhang &amp; Xu, 1991), comb. nov., P. trispinula (Zhu, 1998), comb. nov., and P. wenxianensis (Zhu, 1998), comb. nov.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Although the specimens of Chrysso angula, Chr. cyclocera, and Chr. fanjingshan were unavailable for examination, the illustrations and descriptions of Chr. angula and Chr. fanjingshan (fig. 111.1–3 in Song et al. 2006; figs 481–492 in Sen et al. 2015) clearly show the following characteristics of Physcoa: a projection on prolateral distal cymbium, the C-shaped embolus (male of Chr. fanjingshan unknown), a wide and short epigynal atrium, and the spherical copulatory duct. Despite Chr. cyclocera (fig. 34 A – E in Zhu 1998) lacking a cymbial projection, this species exhibits a C-shaped embolus with an embolic projection, which is similar to P. oxycera comb. nov. Therefore, we transfer these three species to Physcoa .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China, India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F016F22DE27E5EE0B98C22998C8C0937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Li, Zichang	Hu, Changhao, Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Li, Zichang (2026): A revision of Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 sensu lato (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1266: 193-218, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1266.172838
5CE8BBC6FD8F5AF69A65521C7FFCA797.text	5CE8BBC6FD8F5AF69A65521C7FFCA797.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physcoa trimaculata (Zhu, Zhang & Xu 1991) Hu & Zhong & Liu & Li 2026	<div><p>Physcoa trimaculata (Zhu, Zhang &amp; Xu, 1991) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 10 C, D, 11, 14 A, B, E, F, I, J</p><p>Chrysso trimaculata: Zhu et al. 1991: 174, figs 8–12 (male, female); Yoshida 1993: 31, figs 13, 14 (male); Zhu 1998: 58, fig. 31 A – F (male, female); Song et al. 1999: 107, fig. 50 F, G, O, P (male, female); Yin et al. 2012: 302, fig. 113 a – e (male, female); Chotwong and Tanikawa 2013: 1, figs 1, 2, 7, 8 (male, female); Lin et al. 2023: 520 (synonym of Chr. hejunhuai).</p><p>Chrysso hejunhuai: Barrion et al. 2013: 35, fig. 39 A – H (male).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>2 males, 2 females (LJ 201800703, 201800708, 201800769, 201800770): China – Hainan Province • Wuzhishan City, Shuiman Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6609&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6609/lat 18.8825)">Wuzhishan</a>; 18.8825°N, 109.6609°E; elev. 140 m; 15 April 2018; F. X. Liu and Z. C. Li leg. 1 female (HB-IV-180108): Hubei Province • Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xuan’en County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0322" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6517/lat 30.0322)">Changtanhe Dong Autonomous Town</a>; 30.0322°N, 109.6517°E; elev. 725 m; 11 August 2018; J. Chen et al. leg. 1 female (LJ 201904331): Yunnan Province • Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.5872&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.5872/lat 21.625)">Wangtianshu</a>; 21.6250°N, 101.5872°E; elev. 710 m; 25 November 2019; J. Liu leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>See above diagnosis under Physcoa scintillans Thorell, 1895, comb. rev.</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Chotwong and Tanikawa (2013).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is transferred to Physcoa based on its similarity to the type species: i. e. prolateral distal cymbium with a projection, cymbial hood located on retrolateral distal part of cymbium, embolus C-shaped, epigyne with a wide and short atrium, and the copulatory ducts spherical and narrower than spermathecae.</p><p>This species is probably a junior synonym of P. angula (Tikader, 1970), comb. nov. from India, based on similarities in somatic characters and copulatory organ morphology (three black spots on the opisthosoma, copulatory ducts located between the spermathecae fig. 8 a, b in Tikader 1970; figs 481–488 in Sen et al. 2015; figs 1–11 in Sekhar and Sunil Jose 2020). However, P. angula lacks clear photos, and the types are unavailable for examination. Further research is needed to resolve this issue conclusively.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hubei, new provincial record; Yunnan, new provincial record; Fujian; Hainan; Hunan; Guizhou; Taiwan), Thailand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5CE8BBC6FD8F5AF69A65521C7FFCA797	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Li, Zichang	Hu, Changhao, Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Li, Zichang (2026): A revision of Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 sensu lato (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1266: 193-218, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1266.172838
DFAA836CA5A65CF8A34465D0867ADA03.text	DFAA836CA5A65CF8A34465D0867ADA03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physcoa trispinula (Zhu 1998) Hu & Zhong & Liu & Li 2026	<div><p>Physcoa trispinula (Zhu, 1998) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 10 E, F, 14 C, G, K</p><p>Chrysso trispinula: Zhu 1998: 50, fig. 24 A – D (female); Song et al. 1999: 107, fig. 51 A, B (female); Yin et al. 2012: 304, fig. 114 a – c (female); Jin 2018: 19, fig. 4–9 A – D, pl. 4 (female).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>1 female (HB-IV-180108): China – Hubei Province • Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xuan’en County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.0322" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6517/lat 30.0322)">Changtanhe Dong Autonomous Town</a>; 30.0322°N, 109.6517°E; elev. 725 m; 11 August 2018; J. Chen et al. leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The female of Physcoa trispinula (Zhu, 1998), comb. nov. can be distinguished from all congeners by the posterior margin of epigyne with a labiate sclerotized part.</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Zhu (1998).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is transferred to Physcoa based on its similarity to the type species: i. e. epigyne with a wide and short atrium, copulatory ducts spherical and narrower than spermathecae.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hubei, new provincial record; Hainan; Hunan; Zhejiang).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DFAA836CA5A65CF8A34465D0867ADA03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Li, Zichang	Hu, Changhao, Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Li, Zichang (2026): A revision of Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 sensu lato (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1266: 193-218, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1266.172838
7E0E57BDF8C15E56896EFC4C70C68FCC.text	7E0E57BDF8C15E56896EFC4C70C68FCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physcoa wenxianensis (Zhu 1998) Hu & Zhong & Liu & Li 2026	<div><p>Physcoa wenxianensis (Zhu, 1998) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 12, 14 D, H, L</p><p>Chrysso wenxianensis: Zhu 1998: 64, fig. 36 A – D (male); Song et al. 1999: 107, fig. 51 N, O (male); Yin et al. 2012: 308, fig. 117 a – c (male).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>3 males (LJ 201801903, 201801951, HN-IV-180001): China – Hunan Province • Zhangjiajie City, Sangzhi County, Tianpingshan Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.0869&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.7833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.0869/lat 29.7833)">Tianpingshan Forest Farm, Gongtongyuan</a>; 29.7833°N, 110.0869°E; elev. 1401 m; 1 June 2018; R. Zhong et al. leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The male of Physcoa wenxianensis (Zhu, 1998), comb. nov. can be distinguished from all congeners by: (1) retrolateral part of cymbial projection with a digitiform projection; (2) median apophysis rolled in prolateral view; and (3) embolic tip covered by conductor in ventral view.</p><p>Description.</p><p>See Zhu (1998).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is transferred to Physcoa based on its similarity to the type species: i. e. prolateral distal cymbium with a projection, cymbial hood located on retrolateral distal part of cymbium, and the embolus C-shaped.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Gansu; Hunan).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E0E57BDF8C15E56896EFC4C70C68FCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hu, Changhao;Zhong, Rui;Liu, Jie;Li, Zichang	Hu, Changhao, Zhong, Rui, Liu, Jie, Li, Zichang (2026): A revision of Chrysso O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 sensu lato (Araneae, Theridiidae). ZooKeys 1266: 193-218, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1266.172838
