taxonID	type	description	language	source
921187C58B59FFBC198DFE8AFC4AFE9D.taxon	description	Aza and ecdysone treatment in P. perniciosus larvae Phlebotomus perniciosus larvae were fed a diet containing composted and powdered rabbit feces, as described previously [47]. Aza (Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) and α-ecdysone (Sigma-Aldrich) (the precursor of 20 E) were first dissolved in 250 μl of 99 % ethanol P. A. and then diluted in 750 μl of 0.9 % NaCl (1: 4 ethanol / saline), resulting in final concentrations of 1 and 2.5 μg / ml, respectively. Different volumes of diluted Aza were initially tested to determine the appropriate method for incorporating the liquid Aza into the powdered sieved larval food suitable for first-instar larvae (L 1). To standardize the volume of Aza diluent that could be mixed into the L 1 food, we aimed for a pasty texture that would allow the larvae to feed and develop normally. Te chosen mixture consisted of 35 mg of larval food plus 125 μl of 0.9 % NaCl. Consequently, Aza and ecdysone final concentrations were 1 μg and 2 μg per milligram of L 1 food, respectively. Tese concentrations were based on previous studies with Lutzomyia longipalpis [42]. Tis mixture was sufficient to feed approximately 200 L 1 larvae in a small plaster pot for 2 days. Te experimental groups were as follows: (a) control group: L 1 food plus 0.9 % NaCl; (b) Aza group: L 1 food plus 1 μg / mg of Aza; (c) Aza + Ecd group: L 1 food containing 1 μg / mg of Aza plus 2 μg / mg of ecdysone; (d) Ecd group: L 1 food containing 2 μg / mg of ecdysone. Each group consisted of three pots, each containing approximately 200 larvae. Each pot received L 1 food equivalent to 35 mg of the dry powder mixture containing the specified chemicals, provided twice until the first molting to L 2 larvae was observed in the control group (around 15 days after larval hatching week from eggs). Larval development was monitored daily, considering the size of larvae and the number of caudal setae (two in L 1 and four in L 2). Adult emergence was observed following standard colony maintenance. Te larvae were collected in pools of 15 individuals from each group at 1 and 7 days after first feeding (DAF) for subsequent gene expression analysis. Te larval collection was random, without distinction of larval stage, ensuring that the results reflected the overall impact of the treatments on the larval populations. Te experiments were conducted in triplicate.	en	Vieira, Cecilia Stahl, Bisogno, Sara, Salvemini, Marco, Telleria, Erich Loza, Volf, Petr (2024): Azadirachtin disrupts ecdysone signaling and alters sand fly immunity. Parasites & Vectors (526) 17 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06589-8, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06589-8
921187C58B5FFFBA198DFEF0FE10FD7C.taxon	description	Phlebotomus perniciosus L 1 larvae were fed L 1 food containing Aza, Aza plus ecdysone, or ecdysone, to observe the effect of these components on the molting process from L 1 to L 2. Te group fed with Aza showed significant inhibition of ecdysis when compared to the control group (Fig. 1, P <0.001). Tis effect of Aza on molting was partially rescued by the simultaneous addition of ecdysone in the L 1 food (Fig. 1, P <0.01). Te proportion of L 2 in the control group was similar to the ecdysone group but significantly higher than in the Aza and Aza plus ecdysone groups (Fig. 1, P <0.01, Fig. 1, P <0.05).	en	Vieira, Cecilia Stahl, Bisogno, Sara, Salvemini, Marco, Telleria, Erich Loza, Volf, Petr (2024): Azadirachtin disrupts ecdysone signaling and alters sand fly immunity. Parasites & Vectors (526) 17 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06589-8, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06589-8
