identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F5EC739D7BF35D4C8E5D85BCD32F08FE.text	F5EC739D7BF35D4C8E5D85BCD32F08FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nanorana wenshanensis Liu & Bu & Hou & Chen & Feng & Ma & Wang & Rao 2026	<div><p>Nanorana wenshanensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 5</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. • KIZ 2015051, adult male, collected on 16 April 2015 by Chao Bu from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.86667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.367779" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.86667/lat 23.367779)">Bozhu Town</a>, Wenshan City, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China (23°22'4"N, 103°52'0"E, 2180 m asl) . Paratypes. • KIZ 2015052 and KIZ 2015011, two adult males; • KIZ 2015053 – KIZ 2015057, five adult females, all the same collection information as the holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Large sized spiny frog, SVL 83–107 mm in adult males and 94–110 mm in adult females; dorsal skin rough with many rounded, oval, and elongated warty tubercles; tympanum indistinct; finger I slightly longer than finger II; toe III slightly longer than toe V; toes fully webbed but obviously incurved between toes; tarsal fold present; dorsal surface light brown to dark brown; dark transversal bands on limbs quite indistinct; forelimbs strongly hypertrophied, keratinized spines present on chest, inner metacarpal tubercle, and fingers I to III, and internal vocal sac present in adult males.</p><p>Description of holotype.</p><p>Adult male, habitus stout, SVL 102.3 mm; head broader than long (HW / HL 1.13); snout relatively short (SL / HL 0.42), blunt and rounded in dorsal and lateral views; canthus rostralis indistinct; tympanum visible but indistinct; supratympanic fold distinct, from posterior corner of eye to before forelimb insertion; eye moderate (ED / HL 0.25), pupil almost oval; choanae oval; vomerine teeth distinct; tongue pear shaped, notched posteriorly; vocal sac openings oval.</p><p>Forelimbs short (LAHL / SVL 0.49), strongly hypertrophied; relative finger length III&gt; IV&gt; I&gt; II, first finger slightly longer than second; finger tips rounded, not dilated; webbing between fingers absent; subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded, formula 1, 1, 2, 2, distal ones on fingers III and IV small, others large and prominent; supernumerary tubercles absent; inner metacarpal tubercle large, oval; outer metacarpal tubercle small, slightly elongated; dorsal surfaces of inner metacarpal tubercle and finger I, inner surface of finger II, and inner surface of base of finger III with keratinized nuptial spines.</p><p>Hindlimbs long (TiL / SVL 0.52, TL / SVL 0.48, TFL / SVL 0.74), stout; relative toe length IV&gt; III&gt; V&gt; II&gt; I; tips of toes rounded, not dilated; webbing between toes developed, all reached toe tips, obviously incurved between toes; lateral fringe on outer sides of toes I and V present; subarticular tubercles distinct and prominent, formula 1, 1, 2, 3, 2, distal ones on fingers III and IV small and rounded, others large and oval; supernumerary tubercles absent; inner metatarsal tubercles elongated; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; tarsal fold present.</p><p>Dorsal skin of head and body rough with many rounded, oval, and elongated warty tubercles; dorsal skin of forelimbs relatively smooth with some small tubercles; dorsal skin of hindlimbs rough with many rounded and oval warty tubercles; ventral skin smooth; some small keratinized spines on ventral surface of head, chest with two oval clusters of large keratinized spines, far apart from each other.</p><p>Coloration of holotype in life.</p><p>Dorsal surface almost uniformly brown, an indistinct dark transversal stripe between eyes, dark transversal bands on limbs nearly invisible; ventral surface of head gray mixed with some light yellow; ventral surface of body and limbs orange yellow, some light gray spots on abdomen; upper iris dark brown, lower iris brownish gray.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>The mensural characteristics of the paratypes are similar to those of the holotype except for the difference in body size (Table 4). The skin texture of the paratypes is similar to that of the holotype with small variations, in that the warty tubercles on dorsum are elongated in some individuals while those are oval or rounded in some individuals. The coloration of the paratypes is also similar to that of the holotype, which all have brownish dorsal surface and orange yellow ventral surface, except for that the dorsal color is paler in some individuals and the ventral surface of head is yellowish white in some individuals. In addition, the forelimbs are not hypertrophied, there are no nuptial spines on chest, inner metacarpal tubercle, and fingers II – III, but only some small keratinized spines on finger I in females.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name refers to Wenshan City, the locality where the new species was found. We propose “ Wenshan Spiny Frog ” for the common English name and “ 文山棘蛙 ” for the common Chinese name of the new specie.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species is currently known to be only distributed in Wenshan City, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. It is speculated that it may also be distributed in other areas of Wenshan Prefecture at similar altitudes.</p><p>Natural history notes.</p><p>The specimens of Nanorana wenshanensis sp. nov. were collected in mountain streams at night. They float in the water near the shore or sit on the shore near the water at night. No courtship calls were heard, and no eggs or tadpoles were found. Their breeding habits remain unknown.</p><p>Comparisons.</p><p>Nanorana wenshanensis sp. nov. differs from clade A by having an indistinct tympanum (vs a distinct tympanum); large round, elliptic, and elongate warty tubercles on dorsal surface (vs small round and elliptic or elongate warty tubercles on dorsal surface); warty tubercles on interorbital space (vs no warty tubercles on interorbital space); and an orange yellow ventral surface (vs a white, grayish white, yellowish white, or light yellow ventral surface).</p><p>Nanorana wenshanensis sp. nov. differs from clade B by having relatively sparser warty tubercles on dorsal surface (vs relatively denser warty tubercles on dorsal surface); lateral surface of head being smooth with no or a few relatively indistinct tubercles (vs lateral surface of head being rough with some relatively distinct tubercles); and spines on ventral surface of head being restricted on each side of lower jaw in adult males (vs spines on ventral surface of head being distributed along entire lower jaw margin or nearly covering entire ventral surface of head in adult males).</p><p>Nanorana wenshanensis sp. nov. differs from clade C by having large round, elliptic, and elongate warty tubercles on dorsal surface (vs small round and elliptic or elongate warty tubercles on dorsal surface); warty tubercles on interorbital space (vs no warty tubercles on interorbital space); and an orange yellow ventral surface (vs a white, grayish white, flesh colored, or yellowish white ventral surface).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F5EC739D7BF35D4C8E5D85BCD32F08FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Shuo;Bu, Chao;Hou, Mian;Chen, Jing;Feng, Yanfei;Ma, Lue;Wang, JiShan;Rao, Dingqi	Liu, Shuo, Bu, Chao, Hou, Mian, Chen, Jing, Feng, Yanfei, Ma, Lue, Wang, JiShan, Rao, Dingqi (2026): Two new species of Nanorana Günther, 1896 (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 1276: 139-170, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1276.179415
05C55DADC9EC5C2B911172AB3E8585E3.text	05C55DADC9EC5C2B911172AB3E8585E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nanorana zhaotongensis Liu & Bu & Hou & Chen & Feng & Ma & Wang & Rao 2026	<div><p>Nanorana zhaotongensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6, 7, 8</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. • KIZ 2015115, adult male, collected on 25 September 2015 by Dingqi Rao from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.084724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.87889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.084724/lat 27.87889)">Tianxing Town</a>, Daguan County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, China (27°52'44"N, 104°5'5"E, 1920 m asl) . Paratypes. • KIZ 2015114 and KIZ 2015097, two adult males; • KIZ 2015098 and KIZ 2015116 – KIZ 2015118, four adult females, all the same collection information as the holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Large sized spiny frog, SVL 106–114 mm in adult males and 98–103 mm in adult females; dorsal skin relatively smooth with some flat tubercles; tympanum relatively distinct; finger I slightly longer than finger II; toe III slightly longer than toe V; toes fully webbed but obviously incurved between toes; tarsal fold present; dorsal surface brownish yellow to dark brown; no dark transversal bands on limbs; forelimbs strongly hypertrophied, keratinized spines present on chest, inner metacarpal tubercle, and fingers I to III, and internal vocal sac present in adult males.</p><p>Description of holotype.</p><p>Adult male, habitus stout, SVL 114.3 mm; head broader than long (HW / HL 1.16); snout relatively short (SL / HL 0.43), blunt and rounded in dorsal and lateral views; canthus rostralis obtuse; tympanum relatively distinct; supratympanic fold distinct, from posterior corner of eye to before forelimb insertion; eye moderate (ED / HL 0.24), pupil almost rhombic; choanae oval; vomerine teeth distinct; tongue pear shaped, notched posteriorly; vocal sac openings oval.</p><p>Forelimbs short (LAHL / SVL 0.50), strongly hypertrophied; relative finger length III&gt; IV&gt; I&gt; II, first finger slightly longer than second; finger tips rounded, not dilated; webbing between fingers absent; subarticular tubercles distinct and prominent, rounded, formula 1, 1, 2, 2; supernumerary tubercles absent; inner metacarpal tubercle large, oval; outer metacarpal tubercle small, slightly elongated; dorsal surfaces of inner metacarpal tubercle and fingers I and II and inner surface of finger III with keratinized nuptial spines.</p><p>Hindlimbs long (TiL / SVL 0.55, TL / SVL 0.52, TFL / SVL 0.77), stout; relative toe length IV&gt; III&gt; V&gt; II&gt; I; tips of toes rounded, not dilated; webbing between toes developed, all reached toe tips, obviously incurved between toes; lateral fringe on outer sides of toes I and V present; subarticular tubercles distinct and prominent, oval, formula 1, 1, 2, 3, 2; supernumerary tubercles absent; inner metatarsal tubercles elongated; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; tarsal fold present.</p><p>Dorsal skin of head and body relatively smooth with some oval and elongated flat tubercles; dorsal skin of forelimbs smooth; dorsal skin of hindlimbs relatively smooth with some small rounded tubercles; ventral skin smooth; some small keratinized spines on sides of ventral surface of head, chest with two oval clusters of keratinized spines far apart from each other.</p><p>Coloration of holotype in life.</p><p>Dorsal surface almost uniformly yellowish brown, some small black spots on dorsum and dorsal surface of limbs, no visible dark transversal bands on limbs; ventral surface of head light brown mixed with some yellowish white; ventral surface of body and limbs brownish white; iris brownish gray with a cross shaped black pattern through pupil.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>The mensural characteristics of the paratypes are similar to those of the holotype except for the difference in body size (Table 5). The skin texture of the paratypes is similar to that of the holotype with small variations, in that the flat tubercles on dorsum are relatively distinct in some individuals while those are almost invisible in some individuals. The coloration of the paratypes is also similar to that of the holotype, which all have yellowish brown dorsal surface and whitish ventral surface, except for that the dorsal color is paler in some individuals. In addition, the forelimbs are not hypertrophied, there are no nuptial spines on chest, inner metacarpal tubercle, and fingers in females.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The name refers to Zhaotong City, the locality where the new species was found. We propose Zhaotong Spiny Frog for the common English name and 昭通棘蛙 for the common Chinese name of the new specie.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species is currently known to be only distributed in Daguan County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, China. It is speculated that it may also be distributed in other areas of Zhaotong City at similar altitudes.</p><p>Natural history notes.</p><p>The specimens of Nanorana zhaotongensis sp. nov. were collected in small rivers. They float in the water near the shore or sit on the rocks in the water at night. No courtship calls were heard, and no eggs or tadpoles were found. Their breeding habits remain unknown.</p><p>Comparisons.</p><p>Nanorana zhaotongensis sp. nov. differs from clade A by having relatively smooth skin, dorsal surface of body with no or some flat tubercles, lateral surface of body with some flat tubercles, and dorsal surface of hindlimbs with some indistinct small tubercles (vs relatively rough dorsal skin, dorsal surface of body with some small round and elliptic or elongate warty tubercles, lateral surface of body with some small round or elliptic warty tubercles, and dorsal surface of hindlimbs with some distinct small tubercles).</p><p>Nanorana zhaotongensis sp. nov. differs from clade B by having a distinct tympanum (vs an indistinct tympanum); much smoother skin, dorsal surface with sparse flat tubercles (vs much rougher skin, dorsal surface with denser warty tubercles); no warty tubercles on interorbital space (vs warty tubercles on interorbital space); lateral surface of head being smooth with no or a few relatively indistinct tubercles (vs lateral surface of head being rough with some relatively distinct tubercles); and no spines on ventral surface of head or spines on ventral surface of head being restricted on each side of lower jaw in adult males (vs spines on ventral surface of head being distributed along entire lower jaw margin or nearly covering entire ventral surface of head in adult males).</p><p>Nanorana zhaotongensis sp. nov. differs from clade C by having a distinct tympanum (vs an indistinct tympanum) and relatively smooth skin, dorsal surface of body with no or some flat tubercles, lateral surface of body with some flat tubercles, and dorsal surface of hindlimbs with some indistinct small tubercles (vs relatively rough dorsal skin, dorsal surface of body with some small elliptic or elongate warty tubercles, lateral surface of body with some small round and elliptic or elongate warty tubercles, and dorsal surface of hindlimbs with some distinct small tubercles).</p><p>Nanorana zhaotongensis sp. nov. differs from Nanorana wenshanensis sp. nov. by having a distinct tympanum (vs an indistinct tympanum); much smoother skin, dorsal surface with some flat tubercles (vs much rougher skin, dorsal surface with many warty tubercles), no warty tubercles on interorbital space (vs warty tubercles on interorbital space), and a white or flesh colored ventral surface (vs an orange yellow ventral surface).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/05C55DADC9EC5C2B911172AB3E8585E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Shuo;Bu, Chao;Hou, Mian;Chen, Jing;Feng, Yanfei;Ma, Lue;Wang, JiShan;Rao, Dingqi	Liu, Shuo, Bu, Chao, Hou, Mian, Chen, Jing, Feng, Yanfei, Ma, Lue, Wang, JiShan, Rao, Dingqi (2026): Two new species of Nanorana Günther, 1896 (Anura, Dicroglossidae) from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys 1276: 139-170, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1276.179415
