identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
261C06FA054D5EC982C01CB2B630F3DB.text	261C06FA054D5EC982C01CB2B630F3DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagiogramma unicum Leivas 2026	<div><p>Plagiogramma unicum Leivas sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype, sex undetermined: • “ Brasil, Minas Gerais, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.976837&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.164087" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.976837/lat -20.164087)">Brumadinho</a> \ (Gruta PBR 21), \ -20.164088, -43.976838, \ 28.ix-3.x.2009. Bessi et al. leg, \ Carste (Coleo) 0853-95 ” [white label, printed in black]; • (2) “ MZSP 93544 ” [white label, printed in black]; • (3) “ Holotype \ Plagiogramma unicum Leivas \ desig. Leivas, 2026 ” [red label, printed in black] .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Plagiogramma unicum and Plagiogramma amplistria Kovarik &amp; Dégallier, 2021 are the only species known to exhibit a mesoventral supramarginal stria; however, Plagiogramma unicum differs by having a smaller size, light brown coloration, body dorsally and ventrally finely and sparsely punctate, reduced eyes, fronto-clypeal region strongly concave, carinal striae of the prosternal keel divergent anteriorly and subparallel posteriorly, and an indistinct median metaventral suture.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Length (pronotum + elytra) 1.9 mm and width (humeral region) 1.6 mm. Body light brown and shiny; legs and antennae light brown, except for the antennal club which is yellow (Figs 6, 7); dorsally and ventrally finely and sparsely punctate (Figs 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11). Frons and clypeus finely punctate with slightly denser punctation on the clypeus (Fig. 6); thin frontal stria marked only over the region of insertion of the antennae and eyes. Eyes reduced, with a width subequal to the scape (Fig. 9). Fronto-clypeal region strongly concave (Fig. 9); front-clypeal division well delimited by a dark line (Fig. 6). Mandibles with one prominent apical tooth and one inconspicuous subapical tooth (Fig. 6).</p><p>Pronotum sparsely and finely punctate; anterior margin of the pronotum almost straight; anterior angles acute; lateral margins slightly projected outwards. Marginal pronotal stria thin, complete and weakly crenulated on the anterior margin (Fig. 6). Prosternal lobe broad, approximately 1 / 3 of the prosternal length with coarser and denser punctation than the prosternal keel; anterior margin almost straight; marginal stria of the prosternal lobe thin and complete; presternal suture thin and complete (Fig. 7). Prosternal keel sparsely and finely punctate; posterior margin of the prosternal keel almost straight, slightly emarginated; carinal striae of the prosternal keel divergent anteriorly and subparallel posteriorly; the area between the carinal striae convex anteriorly and flattened posteriorly (Fig. 7).</p><p>Elytra sparsely and finely punctuated, equally in the epipleural region (Figs 8, 10). Elytral striae weakly crenulated; epipleura with two striae (Fig. 8); external subhumeral stria present in the anterior half of the elytra and marked by a small rudiment at the beginning of the posterior third (Fig. 10); oblique humeral stria weak, short and almost subparallel to the first dorsal stria; internal subhumeral stria absent; elytral dorsal striae 1–4 complete; 1 st and 2 nd dorsal striae subparallel, the 3 rd and 4 th striae recurved inwards in their basal third of the elytra; 5 th dorsal stria present in the posterior half of the elytra; sutural stria absent in the anterior region, but longer than the 5 th dorsal stria (Fig. 10). Mesoventrite sparsely and finely punctate; mesoventral supramarginal stria thin and marked only in the anterior lateral angles; mesoventral marginal stria slightly crenulated, complete and laterally contiguous to the lateral metaventral stria; mesometaventral stria crenulated, not reaching the median line of the mesoventrite, laterally connecting with the mesoventral marginal stria; mesometaventral suture weak, almost imperceptible (Fig. 11). Metaventral disc with slightly thicker and denser punctation than mesosternal disc (Fig. 11), except in region external to lateral metaventral stria which presents thick and shallow punctures (Figs 8, 11); median metaventral suture indistinct; postmesocoxal stria short and almost transverse; lateral metaventral stria almost reaching metepimeron; metanepisternum narrow and with fine and sparse punctures; metepimeron with thick and shallow punctures (Fig. 11).</p><p>Anterior tibiae with an arched outer margin, with spines little longer towards apical region (Figs 6, 7); outer submarginal region with a series of setae that gradually extend towards central region towards the apex of the tibia; apical margin with two robust spines of different sizes; inner margin of tibia with setae that are slightly denser towards apex of the tibia (Fig. 7); inner submarginal region without setae. Middle tibiae with subparallel sides, widening towards apical region; outer margin with setae and presenting spines close to the apical region; apical margin with robust spines; outer submarginal region with a series of setae that gradually extend towards central region towards apex of the tibia; inner margin with progressively longer and spaced setae towards apex of the tibia; inner submarginal region without setae. Posterior tibiae with subparallel sides, widening towards the apical region; outer margin with setae, without spines (Fig. 10); outer submarginal region with a series of setae that gradually extend towards the central region towards apex of the tibia; apical margin with some robust spines; inner margin with progressively longer and spaced setae towards apex of the tibia (Fig. 10); inner submarginal region with a series of setae.</p><p>First abdominal ventrite visible finely and sparsely punctate on the disc; inner stria of the 1 st abdominal ventrite complete; outer stria of the 1 st abdominal ventrite shorter, absent posteriorly; lateral areas outside the striae with coarse and shallow punctation (Fig. 10). Other abdominal segments are absent in the specimen, including propygidium, pygidium and genitalia.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet unicum is derived from the Latin adjective unicus, - a, - um, meaning “ unique ” or “ singular. ” It is treated as a neuter adjective in agreement with the generic name Plagiogramma . The name refers to the fact that the species is known from a single specimen at the time of description.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Although 44 caves were sampled and all Histeridae material was studied by us, this species is known only from a single specimen. The specimen has a prothorax disarticulated with the meso- and metaventrite, and with the exception of the first visible external abdominal segment, all other abdominal segments, including the genitalia, have been lost. Even so, the species possesses very distinct characteristics from other specimens of the genus, enough to determine it as a still undescribed species.</p><p>In Brazil, 16 species of Plagiogramma were known until now (Leivas et a. 2024); Plagiogramma unicum represents the seventeenth. Plagiogramma amplistria Kovarik &amp; Dégallier, 2021 and Plagiogramma unicum are the only described species of the genus that present three striae on the mesoventrite: mesoventral supramarginal stria, mesoventral marginal stria, and mesometaventral stria. However, they can be easily distinguished by the characters presented in the diagnosis.</p><p>Regarding the other species known for Brazil, Plagiogramma unicum can be distinguished by not presenting an anterscutellar pronotal impression [present in Plagiogramma arciger (Marseul), P. angularis (Schmidt), P. brasiliensis Tarsia, P. epulo (Marseul), P. inscriptus (Schmidt), P. paradoxa Mazur, and P. nitescens (Marseul)], by presenting a tristriate mesoventrite [mesoventrite bistriate, just with mesoventral marginal stria and mesometaventral stria in Plagiogramma erwini Kovarik and Dégallier, P. fissus (Marseul), P. glabra (Bickhardt), P. mundus (Erichson), P. parvoperuana Kovarik and Dégallier and P. peruana (Schmidt)], by the 1 st and 2 nd dorsal striae of the elytra being complete [1 st dorsal stria is absent and the 2 nd dorsal stria is rudimentary at the apex in Plagiogramma tersus (Erichson)] and by the 5 th dorsal stria and sutural stria absent in the anterior region [5 th dorsal stria and sutural stria complete in Plagiogramma fornicata (Marseul)].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/261C06FA054D5EC982C01CB2B630F3DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Caron, Edilson;Saback Moreira Dornellas, Lígia Maria;da Silva, Pedro Giovâni;Auler, Augusto Sarreiro;Trevisan Leivas, Fernando Willyan	Caron, Edilson, Saback Moreira Dornellas, Lígia Maria, da Silva, Pedro Giovâni, Auler, Augusto Sarreiro, Trevisan Leivas, Fernando Willyan (2026): New staphyliniform beetles (Histeridae and Staphylinidae) from Iron Formation cave environments in Brazil. Evolutionary Systematics 10 (2): 283-293, DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.10.204098
4F94EDAF40FB5E1E8F5A352CCB3737D6.text	4F94EDAF40FB5E1E8F5A352CCB3737D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tavakilianidia flava Caron 2026	<div><p>Tavakilianidia flava Caron sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Brazil, Minas Gerais, Brumadinho (Gruta PBR 21), - 20.164088°S, - 43.976838°W.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype, female (dissected, mounted on slide), deposited in MZUSP, labels: • (1) “ Brasil, Minas Gerais, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.976833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.164087" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.976833/lat -20.164087)">Brumadinho</a>, \ (Gruta PBR 21), \ -20.164088, -43.976835 \ 28. ix. - 3. x. 2009, Bessi et al. Leg., \ Carste (Coleo) 0852-95 ” [white label, printed in black]; • (2) “ MZSP 93544 ” [white label, printed in black]; • (3) “ Holotype \ Tavakilianidia flava Caron \ desig. Caron, 2026 ” [red label, printed in black] .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Tavakilianidia flava differs from T. anophtalma in having a lighter body; antennomeres 4–6 not pedicellate (antennomeres 4–6 pedicellate in T. anophtalma); and spermatheca perfectly globose (formed by two unequal hemispheres in T. anophtalma).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Female. Maximum body length 2.00 mm; maximum elytral width 0.30 mm. Body elongate and parallel-sided (Figs 12–14), yellowish, with lighter appendages. Body overall shiny, with sparse white pubescence (setigerous punctation); integument with somewhat hexagonal microsculpture, more conspicuous on the elytra and mesoventrite (Figs 19, 20). Head longer than wide; anterior margin of front truncate; supra-antennal area non-prominent; eyes absent (Fig. 14); neck absent; gular sutures fused. Antennae short, reaching the middle of the pronotum; scape longest, subequal in length to pedicel and antennomere 3 combined; pedicel twice as long as antennomere 3, both longer than wide and of similar width; antennomere 4 shortest, slightly wider than antennomere 3; antennomeres 4–10 gradually increasing in length and width toward the apex; antennomere 11 1.5 times as long as antennomere 10, symmetrically pointed. Labrum wider than long, with sparse setae directed anteriorly; epipharynx dorsally short, with long fringes on the anterior margin. Mandibles slightly asymmetrical, each bearing blunt teeth on the apical third: one tooth on the left mandible and two on the right; prostheca weakly developed, with a maximum of three fringes; mola well developed, occupying the entire basal third and presenting a roughened grinding surface. Maxillary galea equal in length to the lacinia; lacinia with 7–8 sparse long setae on the inner margin; galea with few short setae at the apex; maxillary palpus with palpomere 4 longest and widest, pyriform. Mentum twice as long as wide, trapezoidal; labial palpomere 2 longest and widest (Fig. 15); apical and lateral margins of the glossa each with few long fringes. Pronotum convex, as wide as long; apical half with subparallel sides and basal half gradually narrowing toward the base; prosternum with anterior margin curved and projected medially on the apical third; prosternal process sharp; postcoxal hypomeral projection long and acute. Scutellum visible, triangular.</p><p>Elytra as long as wide, gradually widening toward the apex; apical margin slightly emarginate. Hind wings undeveloped. Mesoventrite with anterior margin broadly emarginate (Fig. 8); mesoventral process long and acute, twice as long as metaventrite process; metaventrite process sharp; posterior margin of mesocoxal cavity with well-developed carina. Procoxa with deep groove and carina on mesal surface; protibia mucronate, inner edge concave and bearing a ctenidium, outer edge slightly convex and with four robust spines (Fig. 16); mesotibia and metatibia mucronate (mucro shorter than that of protibia), outer edge slightly convex and bearing four and three robust spines, respectively (Figs 17, 18). Tarsal formula 3–3 – 3; tarsomere 3 longer than tarsomeres 1–2 combined; claws very long, subequal in length to tarsomere 3.</p><p>Abdominal segments III – VII each bearing a complete ring; segment VII longest, subequal in length to segments IV – V combined (Fig. 13). Tergite 8 trapezoidal, basal margin somewhat curved, apical margin truncate (Fig. 21). Sternite 8 with basal margin truncate and apical margin curved and projected medially (Fig. 22). Hemitergites 9 without ventral struts, separated by tergite 10; tergite 10 with posterior margin truncate, anterior margin slightly curved, and sparse long setae. Spermathecal duct short, distal portion more sclerotized; capsule perfectly globose (Fig. 23). Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>South America: Brazil. This species is known only from the type locality, Brumadinho (state of Minas Gerais), where it was found inside a cave.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a Latin adjective referring to the yellow color of the holotype, and it agrees in gender with the generic name (feminine).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Tavakilianidia flava is the second species of the genus. The species is very similar to T. anophtalma (the type species of the genus), and the differences are only those mentioned in the diagnosis (Orousset 1985). The genus has been recorded only from South America. This is the first record of the genus in Brazil, and the country now includes all five tribes, with 28 of the nearly 120 known genera (Moreno et al. 2025; Newton 2026; Newton and Caron 2026).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F94EDAF40FB5E1E8F5A352CCB3737D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Caron, Edilson;Saback Moreira Dornellas, Lígia Maria;da Silva, Pedro Giovâni;Auler, Augusto Sarreiro;Trevisan Leivas, Fernando Willyan	Caron, Edilson, Saback Moreira Dornellas, Lígia Maria, da Silva, Pedro Giovâni, Auler, Augusto Sarreiro, Trevisan Leivas, Fernando Willyan (2026): New staphyliniform beetles (Histeridae and Staphylinidae) from Iron Formation cave environments in Brazil. Evolutionary Systematics 10 (2): 283-293, DOI: 10.3897/evolsyst.10.204098
