identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
70AF00380D4D584E80FC6FB30B68C502.text	70AF00380D4D584E80FC6FB30B68C502.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhaphuma incarinata Pic 1925	<div><p>Rhaphuma incarinata Pic, 1925</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Rhaphuma incarinata Pic, 1925: 24 . Type locality: Laos.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>China • 2 ♂, Yunnan Province, Jinghong City, Jinuo Mountain Township, Jinuo Mountain, 1100 m, 13–15 May 2018, Qiu Jianyue, Peng Chenli &amp; Xu Hao leg. (SWU) • 1 ♂, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, Mingshang Tea Planting Agricultural Cooperative, 4 May 2024, Li Zhu &amp; Tian Lichao leg. (SWU) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan); India, Laos (Fig. 2 r). First record from China.</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Length: 10.8–13.5 mm; width: 2.0–3.0 mm.</p><p>Body black to reddish brown, covered with dense yellowish to gray pubescence. Head blackish with yellowish pubescence; antennae reddish brown with pale grayish pubescence. Pronotum with four black spots on the center of the disc, forming a square (Fig. 2 a, g), sometimes with only two spots (Fig. 2 f). Scutellum blackish, covered with yellowish pubescence. Each elytron with three black markings: 1) U-shaped stripe at basal 1 / 5 to 1 / 3; 2) two spots at middle, inner one subsquarish and the outer elongate, often partially fused or with the outer spot reduced in some specimens; and 3) an oblique, slightly curved spot at apical 1 / 4. Legs reddish brown, femora dark reddish brown, tibiae and tarsi pale reddish brown, covered with grayish pubescence. Ventral surface covered with pale greenish yellow pubescence.</p><p>Head short, narrower than pronotum at the widest point. Antennae shorter than body, reaching apical 1 / 5 of elytra. Antennomere III longer than scape and antennomere IV, antennomere V as long as III, antennomeres VI to XI decreasing slightly in length. Pronotum elongate, 1.25 times as long as the maximum width, rounded at sides; apex distinctly narrower than base; disk slightly convex, coarsely punctate. Scutellum rounded behind. Elytra 3.0 times as long as humeral width, parallel-sided, and slightly narrowed apically; apex subtransversely truncate, disc with fine punctures. Legs slender; femora slightly clavate; tibiae narrow and almost straight; metafemora reaching elytral apex; first metatarsomere 2.0 times as long as remaining tarsomeres combined.</p><p>Male genitalia.</p><p>Tergite VIII longer than wide, with deep U-shaped emargination medially at apical margin, with short or long setae (Fig. 2 c, h, k). Tegmen elongate; parameres 1 / 4 as long as the tegmen, with long setae at each apex (Fig. 2 d, i, l). Median lobe short and stout; medianstruts ranges from 3 / 4 to 5 / 7 of the length of the median lobe; ventral plate longer and more pointed than dorsal plate (Fig. 2 e, j, m).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The present identification of R. incarinata Pic, 1925 is based on the original description and subsequent interpretation by Holzschuh (1991), as the type material was not examined. The combination of an elongate body, characteristic elytral pattern with a basal arcuate band and median markings, and the presence of four pronotal maculae agrees well with the original concept of the species.</p><p>Holzschuh (1991) noted that R. incarinata is similar to R. improvisa, particularly in the structure of the male genitalia (Holzschuh 1991, fig. 51), but R. incarinata can be distinguished by having a simple apex of male sternite VII, shorter hairs on tergite VIII, a shorter basal elytral band, a rectangular punctured area on each side of the pronotum, and the median longitudinal bands of the pronotum usually interrupted medially, forming four distinct spots (Holzschuh 1991). However, our observations indicate that several of these diagnostic characters, especially pronotal bands and the length of setae on tergite VIII, exhibit intraspecific variation and may be of limited taxonomic value.</p><p>This raises the possibility that R. improvisa and R. incarinata may represent a conspecific taxon. However, such a hypothesis cannot be tested at present due to the absence of type material or reliably identified specimens of R. improvisa, as well as the lack of molecular data. A taxonomic decision therefore, requires further study.</p><p>Some individuals of R. incarinata are externally similar to R. puncticollis (Fig. 2 a, g vs. Fig. 6 a, b), but can be reliably distinguished by the male genitalia: tergite VIII with a deep U-shaped emargination (vs. only slightly emarginated in R. puncticollis) (Fig. 2 c, h, k vs. Fig. 6 c, f), and the parameres distinctly more elongate (approximately 7.5 times as long as wide in R. incarinata vs. 3.5 times in R. puncticollis) (Fig. 2 d, i, l vs. Fig. 6 d, g).</p><p>It can be readily separated from R. phiale and R. quadrimaculata by the elytral pattern and by distinct differences in the male genitalia (Fig. 2 c – e, h – m vs. Figs 4 c – e, 7 d – f).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/70AF00380D4D584E80FC6FB30B68C502	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Lu;Qi, Ye;Wang, Xiaoyi;Jia, Congrong;Li, Zhu	Chen, Lu, Qi, Ye, Wang, Xiaoyi, Jia, Congrong, Li, Zhu (2026): Taxonomic notes on the genus Rhaphuma Pascoe, 1858 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in China, with focus on the species complex of Rhaphuma incarinata Pic, 1925. ZooKeys 1283: 47-65, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1283.170982
107DE0DE77505AA0A8A13D6E927408FE.text	107DE0DE77505AA0A8A13D6E927408FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhaphuma mekonga Gressitt & Rondon 1970	<div><p>Rhaphuma mekonga Gressitt &amp; Rondon, 1970</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Rhaphuma mekonga Gressitt &amp; Rondon, 1970: 237, 251, fig. 38 l. Type locality: “ Laos, Borikhane Prov., Pakkading ”.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>China • 1 ♂, Guizhou Province, Libo County, Maolan National Nature Reserve, 790 m, 11–17 Jun 2018, Qiu Jianyue &amp; Xu Hao leg. (SWU) • 1 ♂, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Baise City, Leye County, Yachang Township, 1200 m, 29 June 2025, local collector (SWU) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Guizhou, Guangxi); Laos (Fig. 3 e). First record from China.</p><p>Characteristics.</p><p>Length: 11.0–13.0 mm; width: 2.1–2.6 mm. According to Gressitt and Rondon (1970), this species body black, largely clothed with greenish yellow pubescence. Antennae brown with greenish-yellow pubescence. Pronotum black and densely pubescent, with a small blackish spot on each side of center. Elytron with three black bands: 1) one transverse band at basal 1 / 5; 2) one subtransverse band at middle; and 3) one subrounded spot at apical 1 / 4. Legs dark brown to black. Antennae reaching 1 / 8 elytral apex in males and slightly shorter in females. Pronotum as long as wide, slightly wider at base than at apex. Elytra 3.0 times as long as humeral width, elytral apex subobliquely truncated. Legs moderately stout; metafemora reaching beyond elytral apices; first metatarsomere 2.0 times as long as the following two segments combined.</p><p>Male genitalia.</p><p>Tergite VIII longer than wide, narrowly rounded and medially emarginate at apical margin, and with short setae (Fig. 3 b). Tegmen long and slender; parameres 1 / 9 the length of the tegmen, with short setae at each apex (Fig. 3 c). Median lobe elongate; median struts 2 / 5 the length of the entire median lobe; ventral plate longer than dorsal plate (Fig. 3 d).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/107DE0DE77505AA0A8A13D6E927408FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Lu;Qi, Ye;Wang, Xiaoyi;Jia, Congrong;Li, Zhu	Chen, Lu, Qi, Ye, Wang, Xiaoyi, Jia, Congrong, Li, Zhu (2026): Taxonomic notes on the genus Rhaphuma Pascoe, 1858 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in China, with focus on the species complex of Rhaphuma incarinata Pic, 1925. ZooKeys 1283: 47-65, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1283.170982
2EBD9824B2935AEDB4DC9289B784B1B6.text	2EBD9824B2935AEDB4DC9289B784B1B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhaphuma phiale Gahan 1906	<div><p>Rhaphuma phiale Gahan, 1906</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Rhaphuma phiale Gahan, 1906: 273 . Type locality: “ Burma: Karen Mts ”.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>China • 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Yunnan Province, Pu’er City, Simao District, Meizi Lake Park, 24 Apr 2014, Huang Guiqiang, Qiu Jianyue, Li Xinran &amp; Feng Xunsi leg. (SWU) • 1 ♂, Yunnan Province, Pu’er City, Simao District, Meizi Lake Park, 1400 m, 9–11 May 2018, Qiu Jianyue, Peng Chenli &amp; Xu Hao leg. (SWU) • 1 ♀, Yunnan Province, Pu’er City, Folian Mountain, Mo-Si Highway, 2 May 2021, Tian Lichao leg. (SWU) • 1 ♂, Yunnan Province, Pu’er City, Mojiang, 30 Apr 2013, Tian Lichao &amp; Huang Guiqiang leg. (SWU) • 1 ♀, Yunnan Province, Pu’er City, Mojiang, 6 May 2012, Tian Lichao &amp; Huang Guiqiang leg. (SWU) • 1 ♂, Yunnan Province, Pu’er City, Simao District, 9–11 May 2018, Qiu Jianyue, Peng Chenli &amp; Xu Hao leg. (SWU) • 1 ♂, Yunnan Province, Pu’er City, Simao District, Caiyang River, 1500 m, 11–13 May 2018, Qiu Jianyue, Peng Chenli &amp; Xu Hao leg. (SWU) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan); Myanmar (Fig. 4 f).</p><p>Characteristics.</p><p>Length: 12.0–14.0 mm; width: 2.5–3.0 mm. According to Gahan (1906), this species body is black, densely covered with yellow pubescence. Antennae blackish to reddish brown, scape dark brown, somewhat densely covered with greenish-gray pubescence. Pronotum with two short, longitudinal black bands on disc, each sometimes divided into subequal paired spots in our observations. Each elytron with black markings: 1) nearly U-shaped at basal 1 / 3; 2) a large transverse black spot at middle, sometimes connected with a short lateral stripe; and 3) an oblique, somewhat curved spot at apical 1 / 4. Femora dark brown, tibiae and tarsi testaceous. Antennae extending to apical 1 / 4 of elytra in males, to apical 1 / 3 in females. Pronotum slightly longer than wide, narrowed behind apex. Elytra approximately 3.3 times as long as humeral width, transversely truncate at apex. Metafemora extending beyond elytral apex slightly in males but not exceeding apex in females; first metatarsomere 2.0 times as long as the following two segments combined.</p><p>Male genitalia.</p><p>Tergite VIII longer than wide, truncate and emarginate medially at apical margin (Fig. 4 c). Tegmen elongated; parameres nearly 1 / 6 as long as tegmen, with short setae at each apex (Fig. 4 d). Median lobe long and slender, median struts 2 / 5 as long as entire median lobe; ventral plate longer than dorsal plate; apex of ventral and dorsal plates acutely pointed (Fig. 4 e).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species was originally described from Myanmar. Although previously reported from Laos (Gressitt and Rondon 1970) and Hainan, China (Hua et al. 1993), comparative examination of type material accessed via http://bezbycids.com/byciddb/wdetails.asp?id=17184&amp;w=o and a re-examination of the published figures indicate that the record from Laos and Hainan was based on a misidentification. Accordingly, the species is here considered to be reliably recorded in Myanmar and Yunnan Province, China, to date.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2EBD9824B2935AEDB4DC9289B784B1B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Lu;Qi, Ye;Wang, Xiaoyi;Jia, Congrong;Li, Zhu	Chen, Lu, Qi, Ye, Wang, Xiaoyi, Jia, Congrong, Li, Zhu (2026): Taxonomic notes on the genus Rhaphuma Pascoe, 1858 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in China, with focus on the species complex of Rhaphuma incarinata Pic, 1925. ZooKeys 1283: 47-65, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1283.170982
AAB9DEBB153A5871A89AFE43BB678605.text	AAB9DEBB153A5871A89AFE43BB678605.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhaphuma pseudominuta Gressitt & Rondon 1970	<div><p>Rhaphuma pseudominuta Gressitt &amp; Rondon, 1970</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Rhaphuma pseudominuta Gressitt &amp; Rondon, 1970: 246, fig. 38 f. Type locality: “ Laos, NW of Xieng Khouang, Ban Theuong ”.</p><p>Rhaphuma aequalis Holzschuh, 1991: 49, figs 23, 52. Type locality: “ Thailand, Chiang Rai, Wiang Pa Pao ”, syn. nov.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>China • 1 ♂, Yunnan Province, Jinghong City, Jinuo Mountain Township, Jinuo Mountain, 1100 m, 13–15 May 2018, Qiu Jianyue, Peng Chenli &amp; Xu Hao leg. (SWU) • 2 ♂ 1 ♀, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Mingshang Tea Planting Agricultural Cooperative, 4 May 2024, Li Zhu &amp; Tian Lichao leg. (SWU) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan); Thailand, Laos (Fig. 5 m). First record from China.</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Length: 8.7–12.9 mm; width: 1.8–2.1 mm. Body pale reddish brown to dark brown, covered with pale yellowish to gray-green pubescence. Head dark brown to reddish brown with ochreous pubescence above. Antennae pale reddish brown or dark brown, covered with fine silvery golden pubescence. Pronotum black with yellowish to grayish pubescence with a broad blackish stripe on disc and a much smaller one on each side (Fig. 5 a), or with only one pair of black spots (Fig. 5 b). Elytron with following brown markings: 1) a humeral stripe extending to end of basal 1 / 3, joining a marginal stripe at each end and also continuing transversely on to disc and then forward back almost to scutellum; 2) a transverse band behind middle not reaching suture; 3) a subtriangular spot of apical 1 / 4; ventral surfaces pitchy with silvery yellow pubescence. Legs reddish brown or black, thinly covered with silvery-buff pubescence.</p><p>Head narrowed and finely punctured. Antennae reaching to apical 1 / 8 of elytra in males, slightly exceeding the middle of elytra in females. Pronotum longer than wide, wider at base than at apex. Scutellum rounded. Elytra 3.6 times as long as humeral width; apex obliquely truncate and outer angle slightly toothed. Legs very slender; metafemora slightly extending beyond the elytral apex; first metatarsomere 2.0 times as long as the following two segments combined.</p><p>Male genitalia.</p><p>Tergite VIII is longer than wide, with a medially emargination on apical margin and bearing short setae (Fig. 5 d, g, j). Parameres 1 / 5 as long as length of tegmen, transversely ridged at each base, with long setae at each apex (Fig. 5 e, h, k). Median lobe stout, median struts 1 / 2 length of entire median lobe; ventral plate longer than dorsal plate, pointed at apex (Fig. 5 f, i, l).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>According to Holzschuh (1991), R. pseudominuta and R. aequalis are very similar, but the former is distinguished by its reddish-brown legs, antennae, and elytra, as well as by having a much larger longitudinal macula on each side of the median pronotal disc and a small one laterally. In the present study, we examined and sequenced one specimen identified as R. pseudominuta (voucher Rh 15, Fig. 5 a) and one specimen identified as R. aequalis (voucher Rh 20, Fig. 5 b). The identification of Rh 20 follows Holzschuh (1991), and is based on the characters mentioned above. However, no reliable differences were found between these two specimens in the male genitalia, and the elytral markings are also very similar. The genetic distance between Rh 15 and Rh 20 is 1.9 % (Suppl. material 1: table S 2). Based on the low molecular divergence and the absence of stable diagnostic differences in the male genitalia and elytral markings, we consider the differences in coloration and pronotal markings to represent intraspecific variation. Accordingly, the following synonymy is proposed: Rhaphuma pseudominuta Gressitt &amp; Rondon, 1970 = Rhaphuma aequalis Holzschuh, 1991, syn. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AAB9DEBB153A5871A89AFE43BB678605	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Lu;Qi, Ye;Wang, Xiaoyi;Jia, Congrong;Li, Zhu	Chen, Lu, Qi, Ye, Wang, Xiaoyi, Jia, Congrong, Li, Zhu (2026): Taxonomic notes on the genus Rhaphuma Pascoe, 1858 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in China, with focus on the species complex of Rhaphuma incarinata Pic, 1925. ZooKeys 1283: 47-65, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1283.170982
E61D68E0EA545A8FB69DEA80E0763BAE.text	E61D68E0EA545A8FB69DEA80E0763BAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhaphuma puncticollis Holzschuh 1992	<div><p>Rhaphuma puncticollis Holzschuh, 1992</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Rhaphuma puncticollis Holzschuh, 1992: 34 . figs 39, 78. Type locality: “ N-Thailand, Chiang Rai, Wiang Pa Pao ”.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>China • 1 ♂, Yunnan Province, Jinghong City, Jinuo Mountain Township, Jinuo Mountain, 1100 m, 13–15 May 2018, Qiu Jianyue, Peng Chenli &amp; Xu Hao leg. (SWU) • 1 ♂, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Jinghong City, Dadugang Township, 4 May 2013, Tian Lichao &amp; Huang Guiqiang leg. (SWU) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan); Thailand (Fig. 6 i).</p><p>Characteristics.</p><p>Length: 8.0– 14.5 mm; width: 1.8–3.0 mm. According to Holzschuh (1992), this species has a body black, densely covered with yellow pubescence. Antennae dark brown, covered with grayish pubescence. Pronotum with four black spots, the spots sometimes connected into two short longitudinal bands. Elytra dark reddish brown, each elytron with black markings: 1) a U-shaped stripe at basal 1 / 4; 2) a median transverse band broadly interrupted at the middle and near the lateral margin or a transverse band narrowed in the middle, but not reaching lateral margin, and 3) an oblique spot at apical 1 / 3. Legs reddish brown. Antennae reaching apical 1 / 4 of elytra in males. Pronotum slightly longer than wide, wider at base than at apex. Elytra 3.0 times as long as humeral width; apex truncate. Metafemora slender, extending elytral apex; first metatarsomere 2.0 times as long as the following two segments combined.</p><p>Male genitalia.</p><p>Tergite VIII slightly longer than wide, narrowly rounded and medially emarginate at apical margin, with short setae (Fig. 6 c, f). Parameres 1 / 7 as long as length of tegmen, transversely ridged at each base, with long setae at each apex (Fig. 6 d, g). Median lobe stout, median struts 3 / 5 length of median lobe; ventral plate longer than dorsal plate, pointed at apex (Fig. 6 e, h).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The genetic distance between R. puncticollis and R. quadrimaculata is relatively low, ranging from 1.70 % to 2.00 %. However, a low COI divergence alone is not treated here as evidence of conspecificity. Multiple specimens were sequenced, and more than one male specimen was dissected. The two species can be distinguished by clear differences in the male genitalia, especially in tergite VIII and the tegmen. Therefore, despite the low COI divergence, we prefer to retain R. puncticollis and R. quadrimaculata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E61D68E0EA545A8FB69DEA80E0763BAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Lu;Qi, Ye;Wang, Xiaoyi;Jia, Congrong;Li, Zhu	Chen, Lu, Qi, Ye, Wang, Xiaoyi, Jia, Congrong, Li, Zhu (2026): Taxonomic notes on the genus Rhaphuma Pascoe, 1858 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in China, with focus on the species complex of Rhaphuma incarinata Pic, 1925. ZooKeys 1283: 47-65, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1283.170982
1F654D1A30C65252A1F78C6031B65275.text	1F654D1A30C65252A1F78C6031B65275.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhaphuma quadrimaculata Pic 1923	<div><p>Rhaphuma quadrimaculata Pic, 1923</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Rhaphuma 4-maculata Pic, 1923: 10 . Type locality: “ Laos ”.</p><p>Rhaphuma quadrimaculata: Gressitt &amp; Rondon, 1970: 236, 245, Fig. 38 d.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>China • 6 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, Yunnan Province, Jinghong City, Jinuo Mountain Township, Jinuo Mountain, 1000 m, 13–15 May 2018, Qiu Jianyue, Peng Chenli &amp; Xu Hao leg. (SWU) • 1 ♀, Yunnan Province, Pu’er City, Simao District, Caiyang River, 1500 m, 11–13 May 2018, Qiu Jianyue, Peng Chenli &amp; Xu Hao leg. (SWU) • 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, Yunnan Province, Pu’er City, Yunpan Mountain, 3 May 2013, Tian Lichao &amp; Huang Guiqiang leg. (SWU) • 1 ♀, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Jinghong City, Dadugang Township, Jiejilin Village, 28 Apr 2014, Huang Guiqiang, Qiu Jianyue, Li Xinran &amp; Feng Xunsi leg. (SWU) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan); Nepal, Laos (Fig. 7 g).</p><p>Characteristics.</p><p>Length: 11.0–15.0 mm; width: 2.1–2.9 mm. Body black, covered with yellowish pubescence. Antennae testaceous to reddish brown, scape dark brown, with greenish-yellow pubescence. Pronotum with four black spots on center of disc, in some specimens, these spots connected with each other forming two short longitudinal bands. Elytra markings similar to those of R. phiale . Legs with dark brown femora and yellowish-brown tibiae and tarsi. Antennae extending to apical 1 / 4 of elytra in males, to apical 1 / 3 in females. Pronotum nearly as long as wide, slightly wider at base than at apex. Elytra more than three times as long as humeral width, transversely truncate at apex. Metafemora reaching elytral apex; first metatarsomere 2.0 times as long as remaining tarsomeres combined.</p><p>Male genitalia.</p><p>Tergite VIII longer than wide, rounded and emarginate medially at apical margin (Fig. 7 d). Parameres 2 / 5 as long as length of tegmen, with short setae at each apex (Fig. 7 e). Median lobe short; median struts 3 / 5 length of entire median lobe; ventral plate and dorsal plate almost same in length, ventral plate pointed at apex (Fig. 7 f).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species exhibits considerable similarity in general morphology to R. phiale Gahan, although it possesses distinctly different male genitalia. The key to Rhaphuma provided by Gressitt and Rondon (1970) diagnoses this species by having a “ Pronotum with 4 distinct black spots forming a square, without lateral spot ”. However, our examination reveals variation in the pronotal maculation patterns across both species (Figs 4 a, b, 7 a – c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F654D1A30C65252A1F78C6031B65275	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Lu;Qi, Ye;Wang, Xiaoyi;Jia, Congrong;Li, Zhu	Chen, Lu, Qi, Ye, Wang, Xiaoyi, Jia, Congrong, Li, Zhu (2026): Taxonomic notes on the genus Rhaphuma Pascoe, 1858 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in China, with focus on the species complex of Rhaphuma incarinata Pic, 1925. ZooKeys 1283: 47-65, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1283.170982
51CF38012FF25CB6A311E876E7E681C5.text	51CF38012FF25CB6A311E876E7E681C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhaphuma subvarimaculata Gressitt & Rondon 1970	<div><p>Rhaphuma subvarimaculata Gressitt &amp; Rondon, 1970</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p>Rhaphuma subvarimaculata Gressitt &amp; Rondon, 1970: 236, 245, fig. 38 e. Type locality: “ Laos, Vientiane Prov., Ban Van Heua ”.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>China • 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Yunnan Province, Jinghong City, Jinuo Mountain Township, Jinuo Mountain, 1000 m, 13–15 May 2018, Qiu Jianyue, Peng Chenli &amp; Xu Hao leg. (SWU) • 3 ♂♂, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Menglun County, 26 Apr 2016, Qiu Jianyue leg. (SWU) .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan); Laos (Fig. 8 e).</p><p>Characteristics.</p><p>Length: 9.5–13.4 mm; width: 2.0– 2.5 mm. According to Gressitt and Rondon (1970), this species body black to reddish, with yellowish pubescence. Antennae reddish brown, black on most of scape, with thin golden-gray pubescence. Pronotum black, with yellowish pubescence, with a pair of large) (- shaped marks on disc and a small elliptical spot on side. Each elytron with dark brown markings: 1) a U-shaped stripe at basal 1 / 3; 2) a transverse band consisting of a triangular spot at basal half, connecting with a longitudinal stripe laterally; 3) an oblique subtriangular spot at apical 1 / 3; and 4) a subtriangular spot before apex. Legs reddish, darker on much of femora. Antennae reaching to elytral apex in males, reaching apical 1 / 3 in females. Pronotum slightly longer than wide, narrower at apex than at base. Elytra 2.5 times as long as humeral width, subtransversely truncate at apex. Metafemora reaching beyond elytral apex; first metatarsomere 2.0 times as long as the following two segments combined.</p><p>Male genitalia.</p><p>Tergite VIII longer than wide, rounded and with a distinct U-shaped emargination medially at apical margin (Fig. 8 b). Parameres 1 / 3 as long as tegmen, with long setae at each apex (Fig. 8 c). Median struts 3 / 4 length of entire median lobe; ventral plate as long as dorsal plate, pointed at apex (Fig. 8 d).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/51CF38012FF25CB6A311E876E7E681C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Lu;Qi, Ye;Wang, Xiaoyi;Jia, Congrong;Li, Zhu	Chen, Lu, Qi, Ye, Wang, Xiaoyi, Jia, Congrong, Li, Zhu (2026): Taxonomic notes on the genus Rhaphuma Pascoe, 1858 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in China, with focus on the species complex of Rhaphuma incarinata Pic, 1925. ZooKeys 1283: 47-65, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1283.170982
