identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8D180C06FFB3786043C3FEDD259546D1.text	8D180C06FFB3786043C3FEDD259546D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zethus spinosus de Saussure 1857	<div><p>Key to the species of the Zethus spinosus group</p><p>1. T1 densely micropunctate as well macropunctate; dull............................. Z. coroicae Bohart &amp; Stange, 1965</p><p>– T1 only polished and shiny between macropunctations polished................................................. 2</p><p>2. Clypeus lacking lateral teeth; parapsidal lines inconspicuous, weak or undeveloped; metanotum without a median tubercle (Figs 15, 16)................................................... Z. planinotus Cruciol, Stange &amp; Lopes, sp. nov.</p><p>– Clypeus with lateral teeth indicated although may be inconspicuous; parapsidal lines present and conspicuous; metanotum exhibits a medial tubercle which may be prominently or weakly projected, but is always present (Figs 17–20)........... 3</p><p>3. Body with very coarse punctuation, interspaces as sharp cariniform reticulation (Fig. 21); petiole thin in dorsal view (expansion approximately three times wider than stem) (Figs 23–25). Male exhibits a half-moon shaped notch on S7 with acute lateral margins in the notch (Fig. 50).................................... Z. semilunaris Cruciol, Stange &amp; Lopes, sp. nov.</p><p>– Body punctuation lighter, interspaces at most as blunt reticulation (Fig. 22); petiole wide in dorsal view (expansion at least three times wider than stem) (Figs 24, 26). Notch of S7 variable, never crescent-shaped.................................. 4</p><p>4. Metanotum posteriorly flattened and median tubercle with a lamellar shape, which is clearly visible only in lateral view (Fig. 18)......................................................... Z. playnotatus Cruciol, Stange &amp; Lopes, sp. nov.</p><p>– Metanotum posteriorly rounded and median tubercle is robust (Fig. 19).......................................... 5</p><p>5. Pronotum with anterior face concave in dorsal view (Fig. 27); median tubercle on metanotum is obsolete................................................................................... Z. semiplanus Cruciol &amp; Lopes, sp. nov</p><p>– Pronotum with anterior face straight (Fig. 28); median tubercle on metanotum is present but with variable development (Figs 15–20)............................................................................................. 6</p><p>6. Distal lamella of T2 reflexed (Fig. 30)....................................... Z. gonostylus Bohart &amp; Stange, 1965</p><p>– Distal lamella of T2 flat (Fig. 31)........................................................................ 7</p><p>7. Apical band on T2 exhibits macropunctations regular and uniform (Figs 29, 30)................................... 8</p><p>– Apical band on T2 exhibits irregular macropunctations with uneven aspect (Figs 31, 32)........................... 11</p><p>8. Petiole highest at or beyond middle of expanded part in profile (Fig. 25).......................................... 9</p><p>– Petiole highest well before middle of expanded part in profile (Fig. 26)......................................... 10</p><p>9. Metanotum with a strong sharp median tooth; male gonocoxite without a ventrodistal notch as seen in profile (Fig. 33)....................................................................................... Z. dubius Smith, 1857</p><p>– Metanotum with a median tubercle or weak tooth (Fig. 19); male gonocoxite with a ventrodistal notch as seen in profile (Fig. 34)....................................................................... Z. nicaraguensis Zavatarri, 1912</p><p>10. Clypeus with median tooth; transversal interantennal carina present; median tubercle of metanotum strong and sharp................................................................................... Z. spinosus de Saussure, 1857</p><p>– Clypeus without a median tooth; transversal interantennal carina absernt; median tubercle of metanotum thin and low............................................................................. Z. excavatus Bohart &amp; Stange, 1965</p><p>11. Lateral face of propodeum strongly striate extending to the metapleura (Fig. 36); T2 with tiny macropunctate band (only one punctation row) (Fig. 37)................................................... Z. lioneli Cruciol &amp; Lopes, sp. nov.</p><p>– Lateral face of propodeum only punctate or incomplete striate; T2 with large macropunctate band (Fig. 31)............ 12</p><p>12. Metanotum with a thin median tubercle. Male with a large notch on S7...................... Z. sinuostylus Lopes, 2014</p><p>– Metanotum with a robust median tubercle (convex). Male with a narrow notch on S7............ Z anisitsii Brèthes, 1906</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D180C06FFB3786043C3FEDD259546D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cruciol, Ana Helena;Noll, Fernando Barbosa;Stange, Lionel A.;Lopes, Rogério Botion	Cruciol, Ana Helena, Noll, Fernando Barbosa, Stange, Lionel A., Lopes, Rogério Botion (2026): Five new species of the Zethus spinosus species group (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae, Zethus). Zootaxa 5748 (1): 56-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5748.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5748.1.2
8D180C06FFB3786F43C3F936218F4469.text	8D180C06FFB3786F43C3F936218F4469.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zethus (Zethus) lioneli Cruciol & Noll & Stange & Lopes 2026	<div><p>Zethus (Zethus) lioneli Cruciol &amp; Lopes, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 35–38)</p><p>Diagnosis. MALE. Lateral portion of propodeum strongly striated, T2 produced medially and reduced lamella in S7 when compared to the other species in the group (Fig. 38). FEMALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. MALE. Coloration. Black with the following yellow markings: clypeus; two lateral spots in intrantennal area; inner margin of compound eyes; submedian spot in gena; pronotum with subapical thin yellow bands; anterior and posterior inner margin on tegula; parategula, two submedians lateral spots on scutellum; submedian bands on metanotum; vertical thick bands on propodeum; ventral part of the midfemur and tibiae; T1 with a subapical band projected slightly sideways.</p><p>Sculpture. Parapsidal lines weakly marked on mesoscutum; axilla mesoescutelar elevated; intrantennal carina present and prominent; hypostomal and occipital carina presents and complete; mesoscutum with welts; adjacent area to tegula without punctation, appearing smooth and subtly elevated; propodeum striated in lateral view with sparse macropunctation (Fig. 38); petiole polished with macropuntate; T2 projected apically toward the middle, exhibiting contiguous dense micropuntation for dorsal middle; subapical margin on T2 medially angled and lamella is angled too (Fig. 37). Lamella on T2 developed more laterally than medially and is not curved.</p><p>Structure. Clypeus convex with a plain apical margin plain and weakly tridentate; metanotum with a weak tubercle which is produced medially; petiole presents a gradually elevated part; distal lamella of T2 slightly longer medially than submedially; petiole highest after middle; T2 projected medially; S7 with a notch, but it is not wide and lamella is reduced (Fig. 38). Wing length 7.93 mm.</p><p>Pilosity. In general, the pilosity is short and sparse, except for T1.</p><p>Genitalia. The new species exhibits a very reduced basal plate (Figs 58, 59). It presents a hump on dorsum of aedeagus, which has a straight part and ends at basal plate in a truncated shape. Ventral lobe is folded inwards with a lateral additional fold forming a ventrally projected semicircular flap. Gonostylus is sinuous and curved ventrally (Fig. 60). Gonostylus notch is practically of the same width throughout its extension.</p><p>FEMALE. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, ♂, Bolivia, Santa Cruz de La Sierra, Jardín Botanica, 28.VIII.1977, Porter &amp; Stange [FSCA].</p><p>Distribution. Bolivia (Santa Cruz).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet lioneli is in memory of the third author of this study, Lionel A. Stange, who passed away in 2020.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D180C06FFB3786F43C3F936218F4469	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cruciol, Ana Helena;Noll, Fernando Barbosa;Stange, Lionel A.;Lopes, Rogério Botion	Cruciol, Ana Helena, Noll, Fernando Barbosa, Stange, Lionel A., Lopes, Rogério Botion (2026): Five new species of the Zethus spinosus species group (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae, Zethus). Zootaxa 5748 (1): 56-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5748.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5748.1.2
8D180C06FFBD786D43C3FA87210C44AC.text	8D180C06FFBD786D43C3FA87210C44AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zethus (Zethus) planinotus Cruciol, Stange & Lopes 2026	<div><p>Zethus (Zethus) planinotus Cruciol, Stange &amp; Lopes, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 39–42)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. Metanotum without a medium tubercle (Fig. 41). MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Coloration. Black with yellow markings as follows: lateral on intrantennal carina; inner margin of compound eyes (Fig. 42); spots on gena; pronotum with subapical thin yellow bands; posterior margin on tegula; parategula; sublateral mark on scutellum; band on metanotum; propodeum; anterior and mid legs with yellowish markings on tibiae and femora; subapical band on all terga and sternites; apical band on T1 projected laterally.</p><p>Sculpture. Clypeus with macropunctation surrounded by short carinae (undoubtedly in the dorsal area) and micropunctation; the dorsal margin of clypeus is weakly emarginate showing the interantennal carina, this area without punctation; completely hypostomal and occipital carina. The interoceolar part is elevated (Fig. 40); front, vertex and gena with a strong macropunctation, again surrounding with carinae, scutum macropunctated, exhibiting a few punctations figure disruptions, likely smooth welts; inconspicuous parapsidal lines. Humeral region is slightly striated but is still noticeable yet; scutellum and metanotum macropunctated. Even in scutellum, subapical area is not punctate. Propodeum in dorsal view is diagonally striate and moderate macropunctation laterally, these are sparse on ventrally. T1 is macropunctate; T2 has dense micropunctation and subapical margin only has sparse macropunctations. T2–T6 are micropunctate.</p><p>Structure. Clypeus without teeth and has a straight margin; narrow pronotum; metanotum without a median tubercle; petiole expanding gradually in profile, with dorsum and lateral view showing a concavity. Sternite IV with moderate depression (Fig. 42).Wing length 8.73 mm.</p><p>Pilosity. Following species of spinosus group, pilosity is present all over body, changing intensity in some areas. In clypeus, pilosity is short and is not dense, but laterally shows a long and very dense pilosity. Most bristles on body are short and sparse, except for following: propodeum; metanotum; T1, which has a short, sparse, and bristling appearance; T2–T6 and S1–S6.</p><p>MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, ♀, Brazil, Rondônia, Ariquemes, 5–16.XI.1996, W.J. Hanson [FSCA].</p><p>Distribution. Brazil (Rondônia).</p><p>Etymology. The choice of this species name refers to the absence of a median tubercle on the metanotum.</p><p>Observations. This species challenges the current delimitation for the Z. spinosus group since it does not present a median tubercle. Nevertheless, the sculpture of the clypeus along with the depression on T6, which are unique to this species group, are also visible in Z. planinotus, ensuring its placement in this assemblage. A phylogenetic study could answer if the absence of the tubercle in this species indicates a basal placement or a derived reversion of the character.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D180C06FFBD786D43C3FA87210C44AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cruciol, Ana Helena;Noll, Fernando Barbosa;Stange, Lionel A.;Lopes, Rogério Botion	Cruciol, Ana Helena, Noll, Fernando Barbosa, Stange, Lionel A., Lopes, Rogério Botion (2026): Five new species of the Zethus spinosus species group (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae, Zethus). Zootaxa 5748 (1): 56-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5748.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5748.1.2
8D180C06FFBF786B43C3FF25235E4122.text	8D180C06FFBF786B43C3FF25235E4122.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zethus (Zethus) platynotatus Cruciol, Stange & Lopes 2026	<div><p>Zethus (Zethus) platynotatus Cruciol, Stange &amp; Lopes, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 43–45)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE. Obsolete and very thin median tubercle on metanotum. Metanotum posteriorly flattened and a robust body, compared with other species in this group which have slender bodies (Fig. 45). MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Coloration. Most of the body is black and opaque except the petiole which is very shiny. With following yellow markings: intrantennal region; gena on submedian area; narrow transverse band on pronotum; tegula; parategula; marks on scutellum; submedian transverse band on metanotum; petiole with a band which extends laterally; subapical band on T2–T6 and S2–S6.</p><p>Sculpture. Clypeus with macropunctations surrounded by short carinae and micropunctations; frons, vertex, gena, pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum closely macropunctate. Intrantennal carina showing intersection area, which is without hypostomal and occipital carina present and complete; parapsidal lines in mesoscutum; axilla; scutellum slightly macropunctate on anterior portion and without punctures on posterior region. Propodeum strongly striate and macropuntate, in lateral view is it reticulated; T1 is very macropunctate but without punctations posteriorly; T2 with dense micropunctations and apical part with sparse macropunctations, same occurs in T3–T5, in T6 only micropunctations are visible.</p><p>Structure. Clypeus with a concave apical margin without teeth; axillary mesoscutellar carina; tubercle on metanotum is very short, however, it is visible with a flattened form and an acute apex; petiole expanded abruptly, exhibiting highest part before middle of T1; lamella on T2 developed more laterally than medially and showing a subapical medial angle on T2 and lamella too; S6 has a subapical smooth depression. Wing length 10.79 mm.</p><p>Pilosity. Bristles present throughout the body, being short and of sparse pilosity, except for: median area in clypeus and lateral margins; inner margin of compound eyes; gena; subhumeral area; tegula; parategula; in these parts pilosity is long and very dense. The bristles on T2 form a tomentum.</p><p>MALE. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, ♀, Bolivia, Província del Sara, J. Steinbach [FSCA].</p><p>Distribution. Bolívia (Santa Cruz).</p><p>Etymology. The epithet refers to the flattened metanotum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D180C06FFBF786B43C3FF25235E4122	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cruciol, Ana Helena;Noll, Fernando Barbosa;Stange, Lionel A.;Lopes, Rogério Botion	Cruciol, Ana Helena, Noll, Fernando Barbosa, Stange, Lionel A., Lopes, Rogério Botion (2026): Five new species of the Zethus spinosus species group (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae, Zethus). Zootaxa 5748 (1): 56-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5748.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5748.1.2
8D180C06FFB8786A43C3FDED223541F6.text	8D180C06FFB8786A43C3FDED223541F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zethus (Zethus) semilunaris Cruciol, Stange & Lopes 2026	<div><p>Zethus (Zethus) semilunaris Cruciol, Stange &amp; Lopes, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 46–51)</p><p>Diagnosis. MALE. T 1 in dorsal view is extremely thin; S7 with peculiar half-moon-shaped notch (Fig. 50). FEMALE. Unknown.</p><p>Description. MALE. Coloration. Body is matte black with a shiny petiole and following yellow markings: clypeus, two lateral small spots on interantennal carina, a spot inside ocular sinus; lateral spots on gena; posterior margin on tegula; anterior and mid legs with a longitudinal ventral part of midfemur and tibiae; small vertical submedian band on propodeum; subapical band on T1, not extending laterally; subapical band on T2, T3; subapical stripes on S2–S7.</p><p>Sculpture. Body is strong and roughly punctate (Fig. 48). Clypeus with moderate macropunctates; frons, vertex, gena, pronotum, mesopleura, mesoscutum, scutum and metanotum with a dense macropunctation; posterolateral area of mesoscutum and anterolateral area of mesoscutelum with interspaces. Propodeum with different sculptures in some areas: on posterior part it presents strongly obliquely striae in lateral view form a crenulated lateral carina and is showing macropunctations and is lightly striate and finally, in ventral view exhibit shallow and sparse macropunctations. T2 stem without punctation, however towards T2 appears densely and strongly macropuntations; T2 has micropunctation and a few sparse macropunctation; S1–S7 micropunctate.</p><p>Structure. Clypeus with a plain and weakly tridentate apical margin; interocellar area with a slightly elevated area adjacent to lateral ocelli forming an inverted “Y” depression; well-developed straight pronotal lamella. Metanotum with a median strong and acute tubercle (Fig. 51); in this case, tubercle is very prominent, so it is easily recognizable. Petiole is thin and expands abruptly, with the highest point before half length of expansion and with dorsal part flat (Fig. 49). Distal lamella of T2 is longer medially than submedially; S7 has a wide half-moon-shaped notch and a translucent lamella. Wing length 7.77 mm (in holotype).</p><p>Pilosity. Long and sparse pilosity present all over the body, especially on the stem of T1 and it is not tangled. Pilosity on T2 is short and sparse, giving an opaque appearance to T2.</p><p>FEMALE. Unknown.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, ♂, Brazil, Acre Cruzeiro do Sul, Alvarenga, 02.63 [II.1963] [FSCA] . Paratype, 1 ♂, Brasil, Pará, XII.1907, Ducke [MPEG] .</p><p>Distribution. Brazil (Pará, Acre)</p><p>Etymology. The suggested species name references the half-moon shape of the male notch in S7.</p><p>Observations. Both specimens examined were old and extremely fragile. While the one from MPEG was already broken. We attempted genitalia extraction from the FSCA specimen, however, it was partly broken upon removal and unviable for description.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D180C06FFB8786A43C3FDED223541F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cruciol, Ana Helena;Noll, Fernando Barbosa;Stange, Lionel A.;Lopes, Rogério Botion	Cruciol, Ana Helena, Noll, Fernando Barbosa, Stange, Lionel A., Lopes, Rogério Botion (2026): Five new species of the Zethus spinosus species group (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae, Zethus). Zootaxa 5748 (1): 56-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5748.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5748.1.2
8D180C06FFB9786843C3FCAC2472460A.text	8D180C06FFB9786843C3FCAC2472460A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zethus (Zethus) semiplanus Cruciol & Noll & Stange & Lopes 2026	<div><p>Zethus (Zethus) semiplanus Cruciol &amp; Lopes, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 52–57)</p><p>Diagnosis. FEMALE and MALE. Obsolescent metanotal tubercle is present. Petiole with expanded part is abruptly raised, and is highest well before middle of expanded part in profile. MALE. Sternite VII is broad, transverse without notch (Fig. 57).</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Coloration. Black and polished with yellow markings as follows: interantennal carina; inner margin of compound eyes (or ocular sinus); gena with small spots; submedian complete stripes over pronotal carina; anterior and posterior marks on tegula; parategula; discoid puncture; scutellum side view with yellow marks; transverse lateral metanotum stripes; vertical stripes on angles of propodeum; stripe on fore and mid tibiae, band on femora; subapical band on T1 laterally projecting forward for half of petiole length; subapical bands on T2–T6 and S2–S5. Wings are amber.</p><p>Sculpture. Generally, whole body is strongly punctuated. Dense punctation presents on clypeus, head, vertex, gena, pronotum, mesopleura, mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum. It is interesting to point out the punctuation on metanotum forms a horizontal anterior band and other areas are unpunctate; discoid puncture present; propodeum lateral view slightly striate and macropunctares on anterolateral. Strong and dense macropunctures on T1 and T2 densely micropunctate, stem of T2 present a polished band with sparse macropunctures. S1, S2 with sparse punctures and the others sternites show discreetly micropunctates.</p><p>Structure. Convex clypeus with narrow and tridentate apex; interantennal carina present; occipital carina present; hypostomal carina present and contiguous; both in lateral and dorsal view, it is possible to see very well the developed pronotal lamella; rounded pronotum in dorsal and lateral view (Fig. 56); present pre-tegular carina; epicnemial carina present, however it is medially interrupted; mesoscutum with parapsidal lines; blunt lateral carinas on scutellum; metanotum exhibit a weak tubercle (Fig. 55); posterior face of metanotum in dorsal view flat and in lateral view visible as gradually sloping down propodeal cavity nearly flat. Petiole highest well before middle; T2 with well-developed straight lamella, larger medially than laterally. S6 reveals a moderate median depression. Wing length 7.93 mm.</p><p>Pilosity. Body shows very short and sparse pilosity, except: laterally on clypeus with long bristles; propodeum with a long and sparse pilosity. Nevertheless, T2 exhibits a very dense pilosity that forms tomentum and gives a rather dull appearance.</p><p>MALE. Clypeal apex has a half-moon yellow mark, different from female's clypeus, and exhibits light macropunctures; intersection area on intrantennal carina is prominent and almost without punctures; it does not have a discoid puncture; there is a weak tubercle on metanotum. T2 is striatopunctate with a developed lamella; however, it’s not same as female's. S7 is broadly transverse, without a notch, and slightly filled with a translucent membrane.</p><p>Genitalia. Basal plate of aedeagus is absent (Figs 61, 62); apodemes are curved outwards with a very large triangular apophysis; ventral lobe has a lateral fold making its tip directed inwards, and is nearly unseen laterally; head is oblong and ventrally flattened, making lateral ridges evident. Gonocoxite is wide (Fig. 63), with a bilobate apex. Gonostylus is directed posteriorly and very reduced, with a sinuosity marked as two lumps. The volsellar crest is wide. The digitus has a square flat root, with conules concentrated on apex of distal lobe, which is rounded, and basal lobe is trapezoid with a concave apex. Cuspis has a digitiform root and a large basal lobe curving behind its main body, which appears as a tall trapezoid.</p><p>Examined material. Holotype, ♀, Argentina, Misiones, dos de Mayo, 12.89 [XII.1889], Foerster [AMNH] . Paratype, 1 ♂, same label as in holotype [AMNH] .</p><p>Distribution. Argentina (Misiones).</p><p>Etymology. The epithet refers to the almost plain metanotum and the weak tubercle.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D180C06FFB9786843C3FCAC2472460A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cruciol, Ana Helena;Noll, Fernando Barbosa;Stange, Lionel A.;Lopes, Rogério Botion	Cruciol, Ana Helena, Noll, Fernando Barbosa, Stange, Lionel A., Lopes, Rogério Botion (2026): Five new species of the Zethus spinosus species group (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae, Zethus). Zootaxa 5748 (1): 56-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5748.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5748.1.2
