identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
26BAE180033853199EEF77BA68B2BE3B.text	26BAE180033853199EEF77BA68B2BE3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gentiana shangwui H. F. Cao & L. Zhang 2026	<div><p>Gentiana shangwui H. F. Cao &amp; L. Zhang sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 6, Suppl. material 1: fig. S 5</p><p>Type.</p><p>China • Sichuan: Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Wenchuan County, Wolong Town, Balang Mountain, 4000 m, 27 July 2018, Lei Zhang 2018 ZL 0727 (holotype: CSH!, isotype: PE 02402080!, KUN!) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Gentiana shangwui is morphologically similar to G. nanobella and G. piasezkii, but can be easily distinguished from them by having hirsute (sometimes glabrescent) leaves, and a 4–6 mm long style (vs. 1.2–2 mm long in G. nanobella and 2–4 mm long in G. piasezkii). It can be distinguished from G. nanobella by its slightly obovate-elliptic, 6–6.5 mm long capsules which are conspicuously narrowly winged along the sutures at the apex (vs cylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid, 10–12 mm long, not winged), a minutely and densely reticulate seed coat (vs. seed edges several, irregular, and spongy). It can be further distinguished from G. piasezkii by the suborbicular leaf blades with basal leaves 3–6.5 × 2–3 mm and stem leaves 2–4 × 2–3.5 mm (vs. leaf blade lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, rarely ovate, basal leaves involucriform, 17–20 × 4–6 mm and stem leaves 5–9 × 2–3 mm), the 2.5–3.3 mm long corolla lobes (vs. 4–5 mm long) and the stamens inserted in the apical part of corolla tube (vs. at middle of corolla tube).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Annual herbs, 2–6 cm tall. Stems yellowish-green or purplish-red and densely papillate, ascending to erect, branched from base. Basal leaves withered at anthesis, 3–6.5 × 2–3 mm, usually slightly larger than upper stem leaves, leaf blade oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, apex rounded or acute, both surfaces glabrous, margin smooth to ciliolate and cartilaginous, sessile or with petiole up to 1.5 mm long. Stem leaves green or purplish-red, opposite, petiole 0.5–2.5 mm long, base connate into a 0.5–1 mm long tube, hirsute; leaf blade widely spaced, apex rounded and cuspidate, both surfaces puberulent and glabrescent, or sometimes abaxially puberulent on the midvein and adaxially glabrous, margin smooth to ciliolate and cartilaginous, midvein abaxially distinct; lower stem leaves 2–4 × 1.0– 3.1 mm, ovate-lanceolate to suborbicular; middle and upper stem leaves 2–4 × 2–3.5 mm, suborbicular, larger toward upper stem, shorter to longer than internodes. Flowers few to many. Pedicels yellowish-green or slightly purplish-red and densely papillate, 1–6 mm long, usually surrounded by upper leaves, rarely exposed. Calyx tubular to narrowly obconic, 9–12 mm long, outside puberulent and glabrescent; tube tubular, 7–9 mm long; lobes triangular, 1.8–2.5 mm long, margin narrowly membranous and smooth, apex acute and cuspidate, midvein strongly keeled and decurrent into conspicuous wings of calyx tube. Corolla dark blue or blue-purple, with yellow-white base, throat with dark blue-purple spots or blotches, rarely immaculate; outside upper tinged blackish-blue; middle of corolla tube bright yellow or pale yellow, with fine blackish-blue obconic streaks, tubular to narrowly funnelform, 15–20 mm long; lobes ovate, 2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm, margin entire, apex obtuse; plicae ovate, regular or slightly oblique, 1.5–2.5 × 2–2.8 mm, margin erose, apex obtuse. Stamens inserted at apical part of corolla tube, about 9–12 mm from the base and 4.5–5.5 mm from the upper part of the tube, equal; filaments filiform, 4.5–5.5 mm long, white; anthers purplish red, pink, or yellow, 0.8–1.2 mm long, ellipsoid. Ovary oblanceolate, 4–6 mm long, apex acute, base gradually narrowing. Style 4–6 mm long, linear, 2 - lobed, lobes revolute. Capsule 6–6.5 mm long, narrowly obovoid to narrowly ellipsoid, apex long attenuate, with extremely narrow, translucent wings along both lateral margins at both ends, absent in the middle, base obtuse-rounded; gynophore up to 8 mm long. Seeds light brown, ellipsoid, 1.0– 1.5 mm long, 0.4–0.8 mm wide, coat minutely and densely reticulate.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Flowering and fruiting from July to September.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Gentiana shangwui is currently known only from its type locality in Wolong Town, Wenchuan County, and Siguniangshan Town, Xiaojin County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture City, Sichuan, China. It grows in alpine meadows of Balang Mountain, at an elevation of 3800–4500 m (Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is dedicated to the late Prof. Shangwu Liu in recognition of his outstanding expertise in Gentianaceae and his generous guidance provided to the first author (H. F. Cao).</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Chinese mandarin: shang wu long dan (尚武龙胆).</p><p>Preliminary conservation status.</p><p>Gentiana shangwui is currently known only from its type locality in Siguniangshan Town, Xiaojin County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture City, Sichuan, China. Only four specimens, collected from 2015 onwards, exist, but since these are from a nearby locality, it is impossible to calculate the Extent of Occurrence (EOO). The Area of Occupancy (AOO) is 4 km 2, and the species is known only from a single location. These conditions qualify the species for the Critically Endangered category under IUCN Criterion B 2 and subcriterion B 2 a.</p><p>Gentiana shangwui occurs on Balang Mountain within Wolong Nature Reserve, where the habitat is well preserved and suitable for the survival of the species. Therefore, this species should be assessed as Endangered (EN B 2 abiii) (IUCN 2024).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China • Sichuan: Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Xiaojin County, Siguniangshan Town, Balang Mountain, 3800 m, 5 August 2022, Xiaodong Huang Emily 202237 (CSH 0210079!, SMCM!) . • Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Xiaojin County, Siguniangshan Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.88572&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.915909" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.88572/lat 30.915909)">Balang Mountain</a>, 30.91590833°N, 102.88571944°E, 4500 m, 14 September 2015, FLPH Sichuan Expedition 153018 (PE 02284225!; PE 02284304!) . • Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Xiaojin County, Siguniangshan Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.885315&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.917912" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.885315/lat 30.917912)">Balang Mountain</a>, 30.917912°N, 102.885317°E, 4414 m, 12 August 2018, W. G. Sun, X. G. Ma et al. FSC- 219 (KUN!) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The most diagnostic characters of the new species Gentiana shangwui are its long style (4–6 mm long), cauline leaves pubescent on both surfaces, and the yellow or orange-yellow corolla tube at the middle part; these features readily distinguish it from other closely related congeners. Gentiana shangwui is often misidentified as G. nanobella due to their great similarities in overall morphology and foliar characters, but differs in having oblanceolate capsules with narrowly winged apices and seeds with fine reticulations (vs. linear-cylindric capsules without narrowly winged apices and vesicular seeds in G. nanobella). It also shares certain similarities with G. piasezkii in capsule morphology and the characters of corolla and calyx, yet is easily distinguished from the latter by its smaller plant size, deep blue corolla with irregularly short linear maculations, broadly ovate cauline leaves, and smaller basal leaves. G. winchuanensis is distinctly different from G. shangwui in having larger corollas and broadly ovate cauline leaves. Based on the protologue and photocopied images of the holotype of G. aphrosperma, this taxon is characterized by linear-cylindric capsules without apical wings and vesicular seeds, which are consistent with the diagnostic features of G. nanobella; thus, it is appropriate to reduce G. aphrosperma to a synonym of G. nanobella . Field observations revealed that G. nanobella exhibits considerable morphological variations in corolla color, corolla size, presence or absence of maculations, and seed size among different populations, whereas its capsule, leaf and corolla morphologies are relatively stable. Such morphological variations of G. nanobella merit further investigation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/26BAE180033853199EEF77BA68B2BE3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cao, Hai-Feng;Ni, Liang-Hong;Cai, Jie;Ya, Ji-Dong;Li, Gan;Luo, Yue-Qing;Fu, Peng-Cheng;Zhang, Lei	Cao, Hai-Feng, Ni, Liang-Hong, Cai, Jie, Ya, Ji-Dong, Li, Gan, Luo, Yue-Qing, Fu, Peng-Cheng, Zhang, Lei (2026): Gentiana tingnongiana and G. shangwui, two new species of Gentiana (Gentianaceae) from the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Sichuan province, China. PhytoKeys 275: 97-113, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.275.190176
9E9E820E5B00519A93438C0DCA9FFDF5.text	9E9E820E5B00519A93438C0DCA9FFDF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gentiana tingnongiana H. F. Cao & L. Zhang 2026	<div><p>Gentiana tingnongiana H. F. Cao &amp; L. Zhang sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 5, Suppl. material 1: fig. S 4</p><p>Type.</p><p>China • Sichuan: Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Songpan County, Huanglong Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.96192&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.752235" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.96192/lat 32.752235)">Danyunxia Scenic Area</a>, 2566 m, 32.75223594, 103.96192293, 14 July 2025, Hai-Feng Cao CAOHF 140 (holotype: CSH 0222530!, isotype: CSH 0222531!, KUN!, PE!, SMCM!) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>G. tingnongiana differs from G. filisepala, G. baoxingensis, G. vandellioides and G. rubicunda in that the corolla is yellowish-green striped externally, pale purple or pink internally (rarely yellowish white), with blackish-purple spots in the throat and plicae and the smaller seeds (0.7–1.0 mm vs 1.0– 1.5 mm in diameter). It can be distinguished from G. filisepala, G. baoxingensis and G. vandellioides by usually having a main erect stem (vs. stems ascending, much branched from base), obovate, obovate-elliptic or oblong stem leaf blades (vs. ovate, broadly ovate to subcordate), and the earlier flowering and fruiting period (April to July vs. June to September). It can be distinguished from G. rubicunda by the smaller corolla size (0.9–1.5 cm vs. 1.5–6 cm long) and the shorter filaments (4–5 mm vs. 7–15 mm long).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Annual herbs, 5–22 cm tall. Taproot cylindrical, slender and delicate, surface yellowish-white. Stem erect with a main stem, rarely ascending, purplish-red, pale brown or green, smooth, with several slender ridges, simple or little branched from base or middle. Basal leaf blades 6–37 × 4–25 mm, obovate, obovate-oblong, spatulate or ovate, apex obtuse, margin smooth or sparsely ciliate, both surfaces glabrous, 3–5 distinct veins, petioles 2–10 mm long. Stem leaves nearly sessile or with a 1–2 mm long petiole, opposite leaves with petiole bases fused into a short sheath ca 0.5–1 mm long, leaf blades spreading, spaced apart, much shorter than internodes, becoming smaller and narrower toward the top of the stem; middle and lower stem leaf blades 8–15 × 4–11 mm, obovate or obovate-elliptic; upper stem leaf blades 6–10 × 1–4 mm, oblong, with bases slightly connate into a tube, margins ciliate, both surfaces glabrous, midvein prominent, lateral veins indistinct, apex obtuse or abruptly acute. Flowers numerous, solitary at branch tips. Pedicels 2–15 mm long, purplish red or pale brown, rarely yellowish green, slender, smooth, with fine longitudinal ridges, glabrous. Calyx 6–8 mm long, narrowly campanulate; calyx tube membranous, purplish-red or yellowish-green, 4–5 mm long; lobes filiform, 2.0– 3.5 mm long, purplish red or green, apex acuminate, margin smooth, midvein distinct. Corolla 10–15 mm long, narrowly obconic to funnelform, inside pale purple, pink or subwhite, with pale yellow-green base, and with blackish-purple spots in throat and plicae, outside with broad yellowish-green stripes; lobes 2.5–3.5 mm long, ovate, apex obtuse-rounded, margin entire; plicae 1.5–2.5 mm long, regular, triangular, slightly shorter than lobes, apex acute, margin entire. Stamens inserted slightly below middle of corolla tube, equal; filaments 4–5 mm long, linear; anthers 1–1.2 mm long, narrowly ellipsoid. Ovary 3.5–4 mm long, narrowly ellipsoid, apex obtuse, base gradually narrowing; gynophore 2–3 mm long. Style ca 1.5–2.2 mm long, linear: stigma 2 - lobed, lobes linear, apex revolute. Capsule 5–6.5 × 2.5–4 mm, oblong or elliptic, enclosed or exposed, apex obtuse-rounded, with broad wing, lateral margins with narrow wings; gynophore 3–6 mm long; Seeds 0.7–1.0 mm long, pale brown, glossy, ellipsoid, surface densely reticulate.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Flowering and fruiting from April to July.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>This new species grows in Huanglong and Baiyang Township, Songpan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China, at an elevation 1300–2566 m; and, in Pingwu and Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County, and Anzhou District, Mianyang City, Sichuan, China, at an elevation 1209–2500 m (Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet honors the late Prof. Tingnong Ho, a renowned taxonomist who made significant contributions to the global classification of Gentianaceae .</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>Chinese mandarin: ting nong long dan (廷农龙胆).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>China • Sichuan: Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Songpan County, Huanglong Township, Danyunxia Scenic Area, 2471 m a. s. l., 7 June 2018, Lei Zhang 20180607 ZL (CSH 0210095!, PE!) . • Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Songpan County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.96192&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.752235" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.96192/lat 32.752235)">Huanglong Township, On the road from Shuanghe Village</a> to 2199 m, 32.75223594°N, 103.96192293°E, 30 May 2023, Peng-Cheng Fu Fu 2023003 (LYUH!) . • Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Songpan County, Baiyang Township, on the road from Maming Village to Wangye Temple, in the grass along the valley roadside, 1300 m, 18 May 1962, Anonymous 0624 (CDBI CDBI 0115731!) . • Mianyang City, Pingwu County, At the foot of Xuebaoding Mountain, 21 May 2019, Lei Zhang 2019 ZL 0505 (CSH 0210093!, PE!) . • Mianyang City, Pingwu County, Daqiao Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.27028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.33972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.27028/lat 32.33972)">Daan Village</a>, 2036 m, 32.33972222°N, 104.27027778°E, 22 April 2021, Yuan Zou 2021 ZY 01 (CSH 0210092!, KUN 1653511!, PE!, SMCM!) . • Mianyang City, Pingwu County, Baima Tibetan Township, Youqigou in the Baihegou, 2500 m, 7 July 1958, H. L. Tsiang (Xinglin Jiang) 10748 (IBSC 0490213, image!; NAS NAS 00077556, image!; SZ 00047819!; PE 00073557 &amp; PE 00073558!) . • Mianyang City, Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County, Kaiping Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.3588&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.04646" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.3588/lat 32.04646)">Near Niuxin Mountain within the Giant Panda Protection Area, between Baichikou and Renzhongling</a>, 1209 m, 32.04645985°N, 104.35880501°E, 17 May 2022, Hong Jiang 20220517 - B 01 (CSH 0210094!, KUN 1653510!, PE 02402079!, SMCM!) . • Mianyang City, Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County, Piankou Township, Zhulingou, ca 1700 m, 28 May 2007, Dahai Zhu 3832 (WCSBG 017528 &amp; 017529!; PE 02103674!) . • Mianyang City, Anzhou District, Qianfo Town, Mao’ergou, ca 1400 m, 23 May 2007, Dahai Zhu 3710 (WCSBG 017526 &amp; 017527, image!; PE 02104226 &amp; 02104227!) .</p><p>Preliminary conservation status.</p><p>Gentiana tingnongiana is distributed in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and Mian Yang City. Based on our field survey, the species has ten distribution sites. Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is 2,675.441 km 2, and its area of occupancy (AOO) is 32 km 2. The habitat conditions are good. Therefore, G. tingnongiana should be considered as Vulnerable (VU B 1 abiii; B 2 abiii) (IUCN 2024).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The new species Gentiana tingnongiana is assigned to Ser. Rubicundae of Sect. Chondrophyllae by virtue of its filiform calyx lobes, and is morphologically similar to several species in this series. Nevertheless, it possesses a set of distinctive morphological characters that readily distinguish it from its closely related congeners: its corolla is usually pale purple, pink or subwhite, rarely pale blue-white, with numerous black-purple spots densely distributed in a ring-shaped pattern on the inner throat; spots are also conspicuously scattered on the inside of the plicae, and occasionally on the lower parts of the corolla lobes. In contrast, the inner corollas of other related species are consistently purple or pale blue, with immaculate plicae. G. tingnongiana typically has a distinct main stem, rarely lacking one. Among its allies, G. rubicunda also bears an evident main stem, while G. filisepala, G. baoxingensis, G. vandellioides and its variety G. vandellioides var. biloba are all devoid of a main stem. Besides the differences in corolla color and spots, G. tingnongiana is easily differentiated from G. rubicunda by its distinctly smaller flowers. The upper cauline leaves of G. tingnongiana are oblong, relatively narrow and elongated, with ciliate margins. In comparison, the cauline leaves of G. baoxingensis, G. filisepala and G. vandellioides are ovate or subcordate. The leaf margins of G. baoxingensis are conspicuously hirsute; those of G. filisepala are usually glabrous or occasionally sparsely ciliate and the margins of G. vandellioides and its variety G. vandellioides var. biloba are usually smooth and sometimes ciliolate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E9E820E5B00519A93438C0DCA9FFDF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Cao, Hai-Feng;Ni, Liang-Hong;Cai, Jie;Ya, Ji-Dong;Li, Gan;Luo, Yue-Qing;Fu, Peng-Cheng;Zhang, Lei	Cao, Hai-Feng, Ni, Liang-Hong, Cai, Jie, Ya, Ji-Dong, Li, Gan, Luo, Yue-Qing, Fu, Peng-Cheng, Zhang, Lei (2026): Gentiana tingnongiana and G. shangwui, two new species of Gentiana (Gentianaceae) from the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Sichuan province, China. PhytoKeys 275: 97-113, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.275.190176
