identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
80843648A7935EAD897DCA2CD3DDFEC6.text	80843648A7935EAD897DCA2CD3DDFEC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sandracottus bakewellii subsp. bakewellii (Clark 1864)	<div><p>Sandracottus bakewellii bakewellii (Clark, 1864)</p><p>Figs 1, 12, 23, 31, 32, 46</p><p>Hydaticus bakewellii Clark, 1864: 210 (type locality Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia).</p><p>Sandracottus bakewellii (Clark, 1864): Sharp 1882: 687 (descr.); Régimbart 1899: 336 (descr.); Zimmermann 1920: 234 (cat.); Watts 1978: 148 (descr.); Watts 1985: 26 (cat.); Lawrence et al. 1987: 356 (cat.); Larson 1993: 59 (faun., ecol.); Larson 1997: 273 (faun., ecol.); Hendrich et al. 2019: 46 (faun., ecol., tax.); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Lectotype: Male, “ Lectotype ”, “ Type, 6756 ”, “ Bakewelliii ”, “ Hydaticus bakewellii Clk. Det. C. Watts 1979 ” (NHMUK) . Paralectotypes: 1 female, “ Moreton Bay ”, “ Sandracottus bakewellii Clk ”, “ Bakewellii Clark Moreton Bay ”, “ Syntype ” (NHMUK) ; 1 male, “ Moreton Bay ”, “ Bowring 6347 * ”, “ Syntype ” (NHMUK) ; 1 male, “ Nova Holland . ”, “ Syntype ” (NHMUK) . Examined.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>(183 specimens): Australia. • Northern Territory: 1 ex., “ N. Queensland Bloomfield River ” (ZHMB); 2 ex., “ Moreton Bay ” (NHMUK) 1 ex., “ Darwin, N. T., 1930 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Northern Austr. ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Northern Territory, F. E. Wilson coll. ” (without further data) (VIC); 1 ex., “ Tindal, 7. XI. 1967, W. J. M. Vestjens leg. ” (ANIC); 1 ex., “ Northern Territory, A. H. Elston collection ” (AM); 1 ex., “ Burrells Creek, 17 miles S Adelaide River, 7. IV. 1971, T. Weir leg. ” (NTM); 1 ex., “ Edith Falls, in pool, 23. VIII. 1982, G. Allen &amp; B. Russell leg. ” (NTM); 1 ex., “ Adelaide River Hills, 24 km N Robin Falls turn off, in pool, 17. X. 1982, G. Husband leg. ” (NTM); 3 exs., “ Australia, Northern Territory, Katherine Gorge, Butterfly Gorge Walk, 150 m, 4. VII. 1999, Hendrich leg., Loc. 33 / 133 ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ Northern Territory, Burnside Stn., Brocks Crk., 25. VIII. 1932, 25-018562, S 13.46. 667 E 131.41. 67, T. G. Campbell leg. ” (ANIC); 1 ex., “ Australia NT, 23 km S Adelaide River, permanent creek at Scenic Route, 137 m, 22. VIII. 2006, 13.26. 593 S 131.11. 012 E, L. &amp; E. Hendrich leg. ” (NT 9) (ZSM). • Queensland: 1 ex., “ Toowong District N. Queensland OE Janson sons ” (USNM); 1 ex., “ Rockhampton Sub. Distr. S. F. R. 5 Cpt. L. A. 17. VIII. 1976 R. A. Yule Dept. For. Qld / Acc. 1241 / 15 ”, “ QFIC specimen incorporated into QDPC March 2010 ” (QDPIB); 1 ex., “ Gayndah QLD 17. II. 1963 H. A. Rose ” (QM); 1 ex., “ Mt. Glorious Q. 7. III. 1959 K. Korboot ” (QM); 1 ex., “ Brisbane 6. X. 1963 I. R. Bock ” (QM); 7 exs., “ Moolyamba Creek 9. V. 1948 J. L. Wassell ” (QM); 1 ex., “ N Queensland, Cooktown, Eichhorn ” (MNHN); 4 exs., “ Rockhampton (Australie), Thoret 1870 ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Dawson district, Barnard coll. ” (MNHN, NMB); 2 exs., “ Coll. French Queensland “ (MNHN, RMNH); 2 exs., “ Hydaticus bakewellii Clk Type mihi D. S. [David Sharp] Queensland 983 “ (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Bagot Creek ” [SE Queensland, West of Dalby] (AUS); 1 ex., “ Nova Holland Moreton Bay ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Brisbane ” (AM); 1 ex., “ Brisbane Mt. Cootha 14. XI. 1939 D 714 ” (QDPIB); 1 ex., “ Brisbane ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Rockhampton ” (NHMUK); 2 exs., “ Townsville ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Carnavon Gorge 26. I. 1982 J. Sedlacek leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ North Queensland Mutchilba A. D. Selby leg., F. E. Wilson coll. ” (VIC); 1 ex., “ Emu Creek pot hole 19. X. 1940 J. Dewaney leg. ” (VIC); 2 exs., “ Rollingstone S. R. E. Brock Collection ” (ANIC); 12 exs., “ Bouldercome, 14. V. 1966 ”, “ A. N. C. G. L. Gooding Collection donated to ANIC 1979 ” (ANIC); 6 exs., “ NW Queensland 28 N by E of Musselbrook Mining Camp Amphitheatre Springs S 18.21 E 138.11 12. V. 1995 T. Weir leg. ” (ANIC); 1 ex., “ North Queensland Eungella NP Broken River 31. VIII. - 8. IX. 1998 Neave Edwards Powell Sutrisno &amp; Hebbard leg. ” (ANIC); 1 ex., “ North Queensland 45 km N Aurukun 25. II. 1981 M. Robinson leg. ” (AM); 1 ex., “ Mt. Carbine T. W. Gamble leg. ” (AUS); 1 ex., “ Queensland Carmila North coast Lancel. 1928 N. McArthur leg. ” (AM); 2 exs., “ Blackall River F. Witteron leg. ” (QDPIB); 1 ex., “ Highlands 4 km S Emmet, S 24 ° 57 ' E 144 ° 26´, 19. IV. 2002, ex spring, sandstone gully, R. J. Felsham leg. (8951) ” (QM); 4 exs., “ N Queensland W. Cape York Peninsula Brown Creek pond VI. 1982 P. Saenger leg. ” (QM); 1 ex., “ near Mt. Molloy, Rifle Creek 3. I. 1990 ANZSES Expedition ” (QM); 1 ex., “ ME Queensland, Blackdown Tableland Stoney Creek via Dingo at light 17–19. XII. 1985 S. Hamlet leg. ” (QM); 1 ex., “ N Queensland, White Mts. NP 2 km NE of RGSQ / AG Base Camp S 20.26 E 144.51 5–7. IV. 2000, deep rocky pool, cloudy, sandy bottom, vegetation, half shade, T. Weir leg. ” (ANIC); 2 exs., “ N Queensland White Mts. NP, 53 km NE Prairie IX. 1995, D. J. Cook leg. ” (QM); 2 exs., “ C Queensland Mt. Abbott summit area S 20 ° 06´, E 147 ° 45´, 750–1000 m, 8–10. XII. 1996, G. Monteith &amp; D. J. Cook leg. ” (QM); 2 exs., “ Watsonville 10 km W Herberton 9. XII. 1990 D. J. Larson leg. ” (ANIC, QM); 2 exs., “ Brisbane 30. IV. 1912 H. Hacker ” (QM); 3 exs., “ Sutton Collection, donation December 1964 ” (QM); 1 ex., “ Queensland ”, “ coll. Felsche Geschenk 1907 ”, “ Sandracottus bakewellii det. Gschwendtner ” (SMTD); 1 ex., “ near Collins, Catherine Creek, 20. XI. 1990, T. Weir leg. ” (ANIC); 1 ex., “ Lake Mitchell 40 km N Mareeba 21. IX. 1990 D. J. Larson leg. ” (ANIC); 1 ex., “ SE Mt. Carbine Saddle Bag Creek 15. XI. 1990 D. J. Larson leg. ” (ANIC); 3 exs., “ Australia Queensland Atherton Tableland 30 km NNW Mareeba near Mitchell lake 9. XI. 1996 Hendrich leg. ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ Julatten 11. IV. 1984 at light, K. &amp; E. Carnaby leg. ” (ANIC); 1 ex., “ North Queensland Julatten 2. IV. 1977 Walford-Huggins leg. ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ Queensland Brisbane I. 1931 ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ Mareeba Road, Clohesy River Road, I. 1974, A. &amp; M. Walford-Huggins ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ Hell Hole Gorge NP, S 25.34 E 144.11, X. 1997, at light in open forest T. Weir leg. ” (ANIC); 1 ex., “ N Queensland, Coen River 1 km E of Rokeby Mungkan Kandju River, at light, S 13.39 E 142.41, 22. VII. 1998, A. A. Calder leg. ” (ANIC); 9 exs., “ North Queensland, Cape Tribulation 26. - 27. XII. 1969 leg. G. Hangay ” (CLH, TDMB); 1 ex., “ Queensland ”, “ Coll. Franklin Müller ”, “ Sandracottus bakewellii det. A. Zimmermann ” (DEI); 1 ex., “ Queensland, Wallaroo, 17. I. 1968, G. Hangay ” (CLH); 12 exs., “ Northern Queensland, Silver Valley, Samml. A. Zimmermann (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Silver Valley N. Queensl. III ”, “ Coll. Gärtner ”, “ Sandracottus bakewellii Clark ” (DEI); 2 exs., “ Queensland ”, “ Coll. Franklin Müller ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Queensland Archer River 28. VII. 1992 S 13.55 E 143.05 Zborowski, P. &amp; Nielsen, E. S. ” (ANIC); 1 ex., “ Queensland, Brisbane (general), I. 1931, S 25.01. 856 E 27.46. 667,153.0333, A Misko, S. leg. ” (ANIC); 2 exs., “ Queensland, Mary Creek, S 16.33 E 145.12. 5 at light 4. XII. 1968 E. B. Britton &amp; S. Misko leg. ” (ANIC); 1 ex., “ Queensland Calliope River 23 km SE of Gladstone [approx. 23 km SW of Gladstone] 23. I. 1970, at light, S 23.83. 333 E 151.21. 67 S. Misko leg. ” (ANIC); 5 exs., “ S QLD, 40 km E Bundaberg, Tusky Creek, 9 m, 26. IX. 2006, 24.39. 139 S 152.01. 477 E, L. &amp; E. Hendrich leg. (QLD 52) ”; 5 exs., “ S QLD, Winfield, Winfield Road, forest pool, 21 m, 26. IX. 2006, 24.34. 084 S 152.00. 513 E, L. &amp; E. Hendrich leg. (QLD 54) ” (ZSM, CLH); 3 exs., “ NH [= Neuholland] Coll. Plason ” (NMW); 2 historical specimens leg. Bauer! [beginning of 19 th century, without any detailed locality data, Jäch pers. comm. 2010]. • Western Australia: 1 ex., “ Kununurra, Cave Springs, ex. pool 9. X. 1966 ” (WADA); 3 exs., “ Kimberely Research Station, 16. II. 1959, K. T. Richards leg. ” (WADA); 3 exs., “ 130 miles SE of Broome, 15. IX. 1924, A. S. Cudmore leg. ” (VIC); 2 exs., “ Kimberley district N. V. Mjöberg ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Australia occ. ” [= Western Australia] Lea leg. ”, “ Sandracottus bakewellii Clark Dr. F. Guignot det. ” (TDMB); 3 exs., “ Western Australia, 163 km SE by E Broome 5. VIII. 1976 Common I. F. B. leg. ” (ANIC); 2 exs., “ Western Australia, King Sd ” [King Sound, area around Derby] (ANIC). • Unknown states: 1 ex., “ Australia ”, “ Coll´n J. D. Sherman Jr. 1926 ” (USNM); 2 exs., “ Australie ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Australia 7642 ” (NHMUK); 2 exs., “ Australia Blackburns Collection ”, “ Sandracottus guttatus identified by L. A. Lea ” (AUS); 4 exs., “ Mootwingie 15. IX. 195 ” (AUS). • Doubtfull records: 1 ex., “ Victoria ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ S. West Australia ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Museum Paris Tasmanie Verreaux 3-47 ” (MNHN).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Body broad oval, shiny testaceous with dark brown markings. Ventral side completely ferrugineus brown except testaceous fore and mid legs.</p><p>Head testaceous with posterior part broadly black; black part prolonged along eyes and protruding on frons. Surface shiny, very superficially shagreened. Punctation consisting of dense punctures, irregular in size and of larger and much sparser ones; these more numerous on frons. Clypeal grooves and punctures alongside eyes present, punctures medium-sized and coalescent. Antennae testaceous; antennomeres slender, antennomere V 5 × as long as broad.</p><p>Pronotum testaceous with median black marking reaching from posterior to anterior margin; long and broad on posterior, distinctly shorter and narrower on anterior margin and strongly constricted in middle. Surface very slightly and superficially shagreened, with very dense punctation; punctures medium-sized not constant in size, distance 2–3 × that of their diameter. Anterior rows of punctures interrupted in middle, punctures large and coalescent. Posterior row of punctures medially with large and coarsely impressed punctures in middle.</p><p>Elytra shiny, black, with larger basal, subbasal and apical elytral markings (Fig. 1). Epipleura ferrugineus brown. Surface distinctly shagreened and covered with small and dense punctures and with larger and much sparser ones. Puncture lines with groups of medium-sized punctures mostly grouped by five or six punctures; discal row almost complete. Sutural puncture line marked only by few punctures.</p><p>Ventral side dark brown. Fore and mid legs testaceous, hind legs ferrugineus brown to dark brown. Prosternal process short and broad, 1.6 × longer than broad, finely but distinctly sculptured; posterior margin broadly rounded. Metatibia with sparse medium-sized to large punctures on outer proximal part. Ventrites II – VI very superficially shagreened, distinctly longitudinally wrinkled on whole lateral parts, densely covered with very small punctures and larger and sparser ones. Posterior margins rounded, deeply bordered with a row of large and coalescent punctures in middle of each side alongside margin.</p><p>Measurements: TL = 13.5–14.5 mm, TL-h = 12.5–13.5 mm, TW = 8.0–9.0 mm.</p><p>♂. Protarsomeres I – III strongly enlarged with three larger suckers and numerous smaller one. Mesotarsomeres I – III with two rows of small suckers. Median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view broadened in apical third, then tapering towards apex (Fig. 12 a). Parameres elongate and pointed at apex (Fig. 12 b).</p><p>♀. Similar to male. Tarsomeres not enlarged. Microsculpture on ventrite VI as in male.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>Colour of dorsal surface and shape of the median lobe distinguish S. bakewellii from all other species of the genus. It is the only species which occurs in Australia. The subspecies S. bakewellii bakewellii can be separated from S. bakewellii guttatus by the broader and not interrupted yellowish anteromedian, posteromedian and preapical markings (Figs 46, 47).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Northern Australia, east coast from Northern Queensland south to Brisbane (Fig. 23). Specimens were collected from near sea level to 1000 m a. s. l.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Sandracottus bakewellii inhabits large (0.5 m depths or more) pools of seasonal streams and creeks, spring fed pools often with dark or gloomy water. The adults are generally found amongst tangles of roots and in places where the water is shaded. Habitats are often enriched with dead leaves and twigs (Figs 31, 32).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/80843648A7935EAD897DCA2CD3DDFEC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hendrich, Lars;Brancucci, Michel	Hendrich, Lars, Brancucci, Michel (2025): Revision of the Oriental and Australasian diving beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). ZooKeys 1223: 87-147, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.138220
DDD59582F95157999813838156C6EE25.text	DDD59582F95157999813838156C6EE25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sandracottus bakewellii subsp. guttatus (Sharp Det. C. Watts 1882) Sharp 1882	<div><p>Sandracottus bakewellii guttatus Sharp, 1882 stat. nov.</p><p>Figs 23, 33, 47</p><p>Sandracottus guttatus Sharp, 1882: 688 (type locality: Adelaide (?) [most probably mislabelled], South Australia, Australia); Régimbart 1899: 337 (descr.); Zimmermann 1920: 234 (cat.); Watts 1978: 148 (syn.); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.).</p><p>Sandracottus rotundus ab. reductus Zimmermann, 1926: 97 (misidentification, infrasubspecific name).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Lectotype: Male, “ Australia? Adelaide 984 guttatus ”, “ Lectotype ”, “ Sharp Coll. 1905-313. ”, “ Sandracottus guttatus Sharp Det. C. Watts 1979 ” (NHMUK) . Paralectotype: Female, “ Carpentaria 984 ”, “ Paralectotype ”, “ Sharp Coll. 1905-313. ”, “ Sandracottus guttatus Sharp Det. C. Watts 1979 ” (NHMUK ). Examined.</p><p>Sandracottus rotundus ab. reductus Zimmermann, 1926: 1 female, “ Burg Station I 10. II. - 16. III. 1921, L. J. Toxopeus ”, “ Type ”, “ ab. reductus Zimmerm ” [handwritten by Zimmermann] (ZSM). This specimen clearly belongs to S. bakewellii guttatus . Toxopeus has collected it at a cattle station [Burg Station], somewhere in Central Australia. Examined.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>(63 specimens): Australia. • Northern Territory: 1 ex., “ N. Territory, S. Aust. ”, “ Coll. Kraatz ” “ Zimmermann det. ” (DEI); 2 exs., “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.19&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.19/lat -24.05)">Moreton Bay</a> ” [doubtful record] (NHMUK); 1 exs., “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.19&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.19/lat -24.05)">Moreton Bay</a> ”, “ guttatus Shp ” [handwritten label by Régimbart but doubtful record] (MNHN); 2 exs., “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.19&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.19/lat -24.05)">Ormiston Gorge</a>, X. 1972, M. Baehr leg. ” (ZSM, CLH); 6 exs., “ Tallipatta Gorge, 20. VII. 1947, C. W. Brazenov leg. ” (VIC); 2 exs., “ Hart Range C. Barrett leg., F. E. Wilson coll. ” (VIC); 3 exs., “ Central Australia Collection Horn Expedition, VII. 1897 ” (VIC); 3 exs., “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.19&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.19/lat -24.05)">Illamurta Springs Conservation Reserve</a>, small temporary rock pool, sandy bottom, S 24.19 E 132.41, 16. III. 1995, T. Weir leg. ” (ANIC); 1 ex., “ Finke Gorge NP, temporary pools above old <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.19&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.19/lat -24.05)">Ranger Station</a>, 12. III. 1995, T. Weir leg. ” (ANIC); 2 exs., “ Finke Gorge NP, gorge W of Finke River, permanent and temporary rock pools, algal growth and detritus, S 24.08 E 132.51, 15. III. 1995, T. Weir leg. ” (ANIC); 2 exs., “ Finke Gorge NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.19&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.19/lat -24.05)">Palm Valley</a>, small temp. pools, rocky, some sandy base, algal growth, detritus, S 24.03 E 132.43, 14. III. 1995, T. Weir leg. ” (ANIC); 3 exs., “ 45 km W of Alice Springs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.19&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.19/lat -24.05)">Standley Chasm</a> S 23.43 E 133.28 5. XI. 1979, T. Weir leg. ” (ANIC); 6 exs., “ 38 km SSE of Alice Springs S 24.01 E 134.01 7. XI. 1979, T. Weir leg. ” (ANIC); 1 ex., “ 60 km S of Alice Springs Ooraminna rockhole S 24.05 E 134.00 9. IV. 1981 M. Malipatil &amp; J. Hawkins leg. ” (NTM); 1 ex., “ 60 km S of Alice Springs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.19&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.19/lat -24.05)">Ooraminna</a> rockhole, 24.05 S 134.00 E, 25. VII. 1976, G. Griffin leg. ” (NTM); 2 exs., “ 80 E of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.19&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.19/lat -24.05)">Alice Springs</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.19&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.19/lat -24.05)">Standley Chasm</a> 26. III. 1979 G. Griffin leg. ” (NTM); 5 exs., “ Alice Springs Old Huckitta Homestead, 20. VII. 1970, D. Nelson leg. ” (NTM); 2 exs., “ Alice Springs, Valley of the Eagles, 14. II. 1971 N. T. M. B. D. Nelson leg. ” (NTM); 1 ex., “ Tallaputta Gorge, 7. IX. 1958 ” (NTM); 1 ex., “ Kings Canyon George Gill Range 25. - 26. III. 1983 at light I. Archibald leg. ” (NTM); 3 exs., “ Kings Canyon, George Gill Range 24. V. 2006 C. H. S. Watts leg. ” (ZSM, SAMA); 2 exs., “ Northern Territory, nr. Reedy Rockhole Amadeus Basin 12. IX. 1962 25-018565, - 24.33333, 131.5833, P. Ranford leg. ” (ANIC); 5 exs., “ Northern Territory Standley Chasm 43 km W by S of Alice Springs, 11. X. 1972, 25-018569, - 23.71667, 133.4667 M. S. Upton leg. ” (ANIC). • Western Australia: 12 exs., “ Rawlinson Range 22. VII. 1967 K. J. Richards leg. ” (WADA).</p><p>Comments on classification.</p><p>Specimens with reduced yellow basal, subbasal and apical elytral markings or almost completely black elytra and pronotum (Fig. 47) have been described as Sandracottus guttatus Sharp, 1882 but were later synonymised with S. bakewellii by Watts (1978). Despite the fact that they are genetically (cox 1) and morphologically identical with specimens from coastal northern and eastern Australia, they have a very restricted distribution in the ranges and gorges of Central Australia, and no intermediate forms are known so far. We propose subspecific rank for the population from Central Australia. The form described by Zimmermann as “ ab. reductus ” also refers to such a dark specimen with reduced yellow elytral markings.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Central Australia (e. g., Macdonnell Ranges, Finke Gorge, Rawlinson Range) (Fig. 23).</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>The subspecies S. bakewellii guttatus can be separated from S. bakewellii bakewellii by less expanded and interrupted yellowish antemedian, postmedian and preapical yellow markings on elytra (Figs 46, 47).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Sandracottus bakewellii guttatus inhabit more or less permanent pools of seasonal streams and creeks, and spring fed pools. The adults are generally found in places where the water is shaded. Habitats are often enriched with dead leaves and twigs (Fig. 33).</p><p>Conservation.</p><p>An isolated subspecies with a very small range which needs special conservation attention as surface water in this area is very limited.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DDD59582F95157999813838156C6EE25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hendrich, Lars;Brancucci, Michel	Hendrich, Lars, Brancucci, Michel (2025): Revision of the Oriental and Australasian diving beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). ZooKeys 1223: 87-147, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.138220
A88F9289A45B52BEB5326BFDB80550D2.text	A88F9289A45B52BEB5326BFDB80550D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sandracottus bizonatus Regimbart Hendrich & Brancucci 1899	<div><p>Sandracottus bizonatus Régimbart, 1899</p><p>Figs 2, 13, 24, 48</p><p>Sandracottus bizonatus Régimbart, 1899 a: 336 (type locality Malaysia, Sabah); Zimmermann 1920: 234 (cat.); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Lectotype (herewith designated): Male, “ Borneo Sandakan Windrath ” [white printed label], “ bizonatus Reg. ” [handwritten label by Régimbart], “ Lectotype Sandracottus bizonatus Régimbart Hendrich &amp; Brancucci des. ” [red printed label] (MNHN). Examined.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>(45 specimens): Malaysia. • Sabah: 1 ex., “ Borneo, Sabah Ranau, 4. v. 2006 Steven Chew NHMUK 2006-36 ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ E. Malaysia, Sabah Borneo, Mt. Trus March-April 2010 Local leg. ”, “ coll. A. Skale Hof / Germany ” (CAS); 5 exs., “ Nord Borneo Mt. Kina-Balu 5. VIII. 1903 John Waterstradth ” (MNHN); 2 ex., “ Kinabalu Borneo ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ N. Borneo, Kinabalu ” (MNHN); 8 exs., “ v. d. Does de Beye, Malakka ” (RMNH); 1 ex., “ Borneo, H. E. Andrewes Bequest. B. M. 1922-221 ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Kina Balu ” (MNHN); 2 exs., ” N. Borneo Mt. Kina Balu 5. VIII. 1903 J. Waterstradt leg. ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Borneo, Sabah Mt. Kinabalu 3000 f, 21. IV. 1929 ex H. M. Pendlbury Collection ” (CGW); 1 ex., “ Borneo Kinabalu 1500 m H. Bolle Berlin SW 11 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Borneo, Sabah, Tibow, 45 km NE of Sapulut, 600-900 m, 7. - 15. IV. 2000, Bolm leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Borneo, Sabah, Kampung Pisang, Pisang env., tributary of Kuamut river, 29. VI. 1998, J. Kodada &amp; F. Ciampor leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Sabah, Borneo env. Keningau V. 1993 ” (CLH); 2 exs., “ Nord Borneo ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 2 exs., “ Kinabalu Nord Borneo ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 5 exs., “ Kinabalu Borneo 1500 m ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Nordost Borneo Gebrüder W. Müller Vermächtnis 1909 ” (SMTD); 1 ex., without locality label, “ Sandracottus bizonatus Gschwendtner det. ” (SMTD). • Sarawak: 1 ex., “ Sarawak, Kapit distr., Rumah Ugap vill., Sut river, 3. - 9. III. 1994, J. Horák leg. ” (NMW); 4 exs., “ Sarawak, Bario env., Pa Ukat, 24. VI. 2003, J. Šťastný lgt. ” (CJS); 2 exs., “ Sarawak, Kelabit, Bario env. 21. - 25. VI. 2003, J. Šťastný lgt. ” (CJS).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Body broad oval, shiny, reddish brown with broad black markings on elytra (Figs 2, 48). Ventral side completely dark brown to black, legs testaceous, hind legs somewhat darker.</p><p>Head ferrugineus with posterior part broadly black, shiny. Black band protruding forwards to frons. Surface almost smooth consisting of dense and very numerous punctures of different sizes and of larger, much sparser ones, particularly numerous on frons. Clypeal grooves, punctures alongside eyes and transverse depressions beside eyes distinctly impressed, punctures large and coalescent. Antennae ferrugineus; antennomeres slender, fifth 4 × as long as broad.</p><p>Pronotum ferrugineus with large median black marking reaching from posterior to anterior margins (Figs 2, 48). Surface shagreened, with dense punctation; punctures medium-sized mixed with smaller ones. Anterior and lateral puncture rows dense and coalescent, punctures becoming sparse towards middle and lacking in very middle of anterior margin. Posterior row of punctures with coarse and coalescent punctures in middle of each side, distinctly smaller and spaced on disc.</p><p>Elytra ferrugineus brown with black and broad markings consisting of three transverse bands (Figs 2, 48); an antemedian one, a postmedian one and a preapical one. Epipleura ferrugineus brown. Surface of elytra very slightly and superficially shagreened and with double punctation, a smaller and dense punctation as well as a larger one much more sparsely distributed. Row of punctures with groups of medium-sized punctures mostly grouped in five or six punctures, groups closer together on discal row.</p><p>Ventral side dark brown. Fore and mid legs particularly testaceous, hind legs ferrugineus brown to dark brown. Prosternal process short and broad, 1.5 × longer than broad, flattened finely but distinctly sculptured; posterior margin broadly rounded. Whole surface very superficially shagreened and finely punctured. Metatibia with sparse medium-sized punctures on outer half. Ventrites II – VI very superficially shagreened, slightly and longitudinally wrinkled on lateral parts, on whole surface densely covered with very small punctures and larger and sparser ones. Posterior margins rounded, bordered with some large and coalescent punctures in middle of each side.</p><p>Measurements: TL = 12.5–13.0 mm, TL-h = 11.4–12.2 mm, TW = 8.5–9.0 mm.</p><p>♂. Protarsomeres I – III strongly enlarged with three larger suckers and numerous smaller one. Mesotarsomeres I – III with two rows of small suckers. Median lobe of aedeagus, in ventral view, broad, parallel-sided up to apex where it is slightly broadened and broadly rounded (Fig. 13 a). Parameres broad, same length as median lobe, and pointed at apex (Fig. 13 b).</p><p>♀. Similar to male, tarsi not enlarged. Microsculpture on ventrite VI as in male.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>The combination of dorsal colour pattern (Figs 2, 48) and shape of median lobe of aedeagus and parameres (Fig. 13 a, b) separates S. bizonatus from all other species of the genus. The species is endemic to Borneo and co-occurs with S. maculatus .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak) (Fig. 24). The eight specimens deposited in RMNH from Malacca are most probably mislabelled. According to a photo on a website from an insect dealer in Indonesia, the species was also collected in Kalimantan (https://www.giradis-insect.com/ 27.9.2024). Specimens were collected between 300 and 1.500 m a. s. l.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Muddy and shaded forest pools, rich in rotten leaves and more permanent side pools of larger forest streams in primary rainforests, partly shaded and enriched with rotten leaves and twigs (J. Kodada and J. Šťastný, pers. comm. March 2013).</p><p>Conservation.</p><p>A rare and highly endemic species of Borneo, probably associated with the declining primary lowland and hilly rainforests on the island (see Southeast Asian species S. femoralis, S. insignis, S. maculatus and S. rotundus). Most records are from the end of the 19 th and the beginning of the 20 th century. According to present knowledge it is an endangered species. It is recommended to be listed in the next IUCN red list.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A88F9289A45B52BEB5326BFDB80550D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hendrich, Lars;Brancucci, Michel	Hendrich, Lars, Brancucci, Michel (2025): Revision of the Oriental and Australasian diving beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). ZooKeys 1223: 87-147, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.138220
E4C77047832F5568A2A87340E0A05492.text	E4C77047832F5568A2A87340E0A05492.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sandracottus chevrolati (Aube 1838)	<div><p>Sandracottus chevrolati (Aubé, 1838)</p><p>Figs 3, 14, 25, 49</p><p>Hydaticus chevrolati Aubé, 1838: 164 (type locality Timor, Indonesia).</p><p>Sandracottus chevrolati (Aubé, 1838): Régimbart 1899: 334 (descr.); Zimmermann 1920: 234 (cat.); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.).</p><p>Hydaticus mixtus Blanchard, 1843: plate 4, fig. 2 (type locality Timor, Indonesia) (syn. nov.).</p><p>Comments on classification.</p><p>The verbal description of H. mixtus was published by Blanchard (1853). However, before the publication of the text, the colour plates to this book were published separately during the years 1842–1854 (see Clark and Crosnier 2000). Therefore, the plates must be considered as the original description (ICZN 1999: Article 12.2. 7). Sandracottus mixtus was regarded as a junior subjective synonym of Dytiscus fasciatus Fabricius, 1775 (= primary homonym of Dytiscus fasciatus DeGeer, 1774) by Vazirani (1969). However, Vazirani mentioned that he had no possibility to see the type or the original description of that species. Although we did not see the type specimen of H. mixtus, the figure which serves as the original description is very accurate and refers without any doubt to the species described by Aubé (1838) under the name H. chevrolati . In addition, the type locality of both species is the same (Timor), and we are not aware of any records of Sandracottus fasciatus [ = hunteri] east of the Wallace’s line. Therefore, we consider Hydaticus mixtus as a junior subjective synonym of H. chevrolati .</p><p>Type material of Hydaticus chevrolati .</p><p>Lectotype (herewith designated): Male, “ Timor ” [handwritten label], “ typus ” [handwritten label] “ Lectotype Hydaticus chevrolati Aubé des. L. Hendrich &amp; M. Brancucci 2010 ” [red printed label] (MNHN) . Paralectotype: Female, “ Timor ” [handwritten label], “ Paralectotype Hydaticus chevrolati Aubé des. L. Hendrich &amp; M. Brancucci 2010 ” [red printed label] (MNHN) . Examined.</p><p>Type material of S. mixtus .</p><p>Not examined.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>(157 specimens): Indonesia: • Lombok: 1 ex., “ Indonesia: N Lombok, Senaru waterfall, alt. m. 0470, 13. x. 1991, Huijbregts, Krikken ” (RMNH). • Pantar: 2 exs., “ Indonesia, Lesser Sundas, Pantar Isl, east coast, Tanah Labnag env., 350 m, S. Jakl leg. 9. - 21. iii. 2006 ” (NMPC). • Sumba: 7 exs., “ O. Sumba Prai Jawang Rende Wai 14. 7. 1949 Dr. Bühler Dr. Sutter ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ W. Sumba Mata Kori Waimangura 23. 8. 1949 Dr. Bühler Dr. Sutter ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ W. Sumba Baing 30. 6. 1949 Dr. Bühler Dr. Sutter ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ O. Sumba Mau Maru 18. 7. 1943 Dr. Bühler Dr. Sutter ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ O. Sumba Kodi 8. 8. 1949 Dr. Bühler Dr. Sutter ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ O. Sumba Melolo 28. Mai 1949 Dr. Bühler-Dr. Sutter ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Indonesia, Lesser Sundas Sumba East, 10–20.6. 2006, Luku Melolo N. R., 300–500 m, S. Jakl leg. ” (CLH); 2 exs., “ Sumba East, Melolo env., Luku Melcio, 300–600 m, 7. - 9. II. 2001, P. Votruba leg. ” (CJS); 2 exs., “ Sumba Island mer., Tarimbang env., 0–100 m, 2. II. - 3. II. 2001, S. Jákl leg. ” (NMPC); 2 exs., “ East Sumba 550 m, Luku Melolo N. R. 1. - 10. 7. 2005 ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ Sumba Island or., Mt. Wangameti, Kanangar env., 600–800 m, 10. II. 2001, S. Jákl leg. ” (NMPC); 11 exs., “ Indonesia, East Sumba, 20 km S of Waingapu Wairinding, 300 m, 30. I. - 2. II. 2001, P. Votruba leg. ” (CLH, NMPC). • Sumbawa: 33 exs., “ Sumbawa, Dompu-Empang, restpools, 90 m, 15. ix. 2011, 08 35.563 S 118 17.454 E (SUMB 06) ” (MZB, ZSM); 1 ex., “ Sumbawa ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Savu I. [= Savu Island] Viii 96 Hvereti ” (MNHN); 3 exs, “ Museum Paris Coupang Hombron 1841 ” (MNHN); 7 exs., “ Sumbawa Colffs. ”, “ Ex. Musaeo Van Landsberge ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Sumbawa ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ v. Lansb., Sumbawa ” (RMNH); 1 ex., “ Sumbawa, 56993, Fry Coll. 1905-100 ” (NHMUK); 2 exs., “ Sumbawa ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Indonesia, W-Sumbawa, Batoe Doelang, 10. - 15. V. 1927, B. Rensch ” (CGW). • Flores: 2 exs., “ Indonesia, Flores, Rinca, V. 1990, C. H. S. Watts leg. ” (CLH, SAMA). • Tanimbar: 6 exs., “ Indonesia, Tanimbar Yamdema isl., Lorulun, 20 km NE of Saumlaki, 150 m, 26.11. - 4. 12. 2006, M Oboril lgt. ” (CLH, ZSM); 2 exs., “ Indonesia, Tanimbar-Yamdena, Mams, 21 km N of Saumlaki, 27. XI. - 11. XII. 2005, J. Horák leg. ” (NMPC); 13 exs., “ Indonesia, Tanimbar isls, Lorulun, 20 km NE of Saumlaki, 150 m, 25.11. - 24. 12. 2006, St Jakl lgt. ” (CLH, ZSM). • Timor: 1 ex., “ Indonesia, West Timor Buraen env. 28 km S Kupang 400 m, 16. - 21. 12. 2005 St. Jakl leg. ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ TIMOR ISL Buraen env. 60 km SE Kupang 350 m, 10. - 21. 2. 2006 St. Jakl leg. ” (CLH); 4 exs., “ Timor, Naikliu area, restpools in dry forest, 130 m, 3. x. 2011, 09 58.425 S 123 41.439 E (TIM 11) ” (MZB, ZSM); 1 ex., “ Timor, alte Sammlung ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Timor ” (RMNH); 6 exs., “ Macklot, Timor ” (RMNH); 3 exs., “ Dr. H. ten Kate, Timor centr. ” (RMNH); 4 exs., “ S. O. Celebes, J. Elbert, 1909 ” (RMNH); 1 ex., “ W. P. de Roever, Nenas en omgeving, Moetisgebergte Timor, Sept. 1937 ” (RMNH); 6 exs., “ Tim. [Timor] 6756 ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Tim. [Timor], Wallace, Celebis ( Hydaticus) MS Clark ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Timor 978 var., Sharp Coll. 1905-313 ” (NHMUK); 2 exs., “ Timor, Lelogama, Mai 1911, Haniel ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann “ (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Timor ”, “ Coll. C. Felsche Geschenk 1907 ” (SMTD). • Sulawesi: 2 exs., “ Manado, Celebes [Sulawesi] 2014 ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ S. O. Celebes T. Elbert 1909 ”, “ Rambi bis Mengkoka ”, “ ex Museum Buitenzorg ”, “ Sandracottus chevrolati Aubé det. A. Zimmermann ” (DEI); 2 exs., “ Celebes [Sulawesi] Posso [Poso] See Drs. Sarasin ” (NMB, SMTD); 1 ex., “ SO Sulawesi, I. Albert ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM). • Moluccas: 1 ex., “ Moluccas ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Moluccas Batchian [most probably mislabeled] J. Waterstradt 1902 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Rotti Carl Auriv. ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 2 exs., “ Kisser Inseln Mai 1901 ” [Pulau Kisar], “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 2 exs., “ Molukken Ins. Roma ” [Pulau Romang], “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM). • Timor-Leste: 1 ex., “ Timor-Leste, 6. ii. 2011, Ossu, Mundo Perdido Mts. 945 m, 8 ° 42 ' 47.6 " S, 12 ° 49 ' 29 " E ” (NMPC).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Body broad oval, shiny, testaceous with black markings. Ventral side completely dark brown to black, legs testaceous, hind legs somewhat darker (Figs 3, 49).</p><p>Head testaceous with posterior part and broadly so on posterior half alongside as well as two elongate spots on clypeus black, shiny (Figs 3, 49). Punctation consisting of dense and very numerous punctures of different sizes and of larger, much sparser ones, particularly numerous on frons. Clypeal grooves, punctures alongside eyes and a transverse depression beside eyes distinctly impressed, punctures large and coalescent. Antennae testaceous; antennomeres slender, antennomere V 4.5 × as long as broad.</p><p>Pronotum testaceous with a median black marking reaching from posterior to anterior margins; long and broad on posterior, distinctly shorter and narrower on anterior margin and strongly constricted in middle (Figs 3, 49). Surface very superficially shagreened, almost not discernible, with dense punctation; punctures medium-sized mixed with smaller ones. Anterior and lateral puncture lines dense and coalescent, punctures becoming sparse towards middle and lacking in very middle of anterior margin. Posterior puncture line with coarse and coalescent punctures in middle of each side, distinctly smaller and spaced on disc.</p><p>Elytra testaceous to ferrugineus brown with black markings consisting of three transverse bands; particularly characterised by the presence of longitudinal testaceous subsutural spots (Figs 3, 49). Epipleura testaceous to ferrugineus brown. Surface very slightly and superficially shagreened and covered with a double punctation, a smaller and dense one as well as a larger one more sparse. Puncture lines with groups of medium-sized punctures mostly grouped in five or six punctures, groups closer together on discal row.</p><p>Ventral side dark brown. Legs, particularly fore and mid legs testaceous, hind legs ferrugineus brown to dark brown. Prosternal process short and broad, 1.5 × longer than broad, flattened finely but distinctly sculptured; posterior margin broadly rounded. Whole surface very superficially shagreened and finely punctured. Metatibia with sparse medium-sized punctures on outer half. Ventrites II – VI very superficially shagreened, slightly and longitudinally wrinkled on lateral parts, whole surface densely covered with very small punctures, with sparser larger ones. Posterior margins rounded, bordered with some large and coalescent punctures on the middle of each side.</p><p>Measurements: TL = 13.0– 13.5 mm, TL-h = 11.2–12.4 mm, TW = 8.0– 8.5 mm.</p><p>♂. Protarsomeres I – III strongly enlarged with three larger suckers and numerous smaller one. Mesotarsomeres I – III with two rows of small suckers. Median lobe of aedeagus, in ventral view, broadened on apical third, then tapered up to apex, here broadly rounded (Fig. 14 a). Parameres basally broad and pointed at apex (Fig. 14 b).</p><p>♀. Similar to male, tarsi not enlarged. Microsculpture on ventrite VI as in male.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>The dorsal colour pattern of the Indonesian S. chevrolati is near to the Indian S. festivus but S. chevrolati can be easily separated by its smaller size (TL = 10–13.5 mm, S. festivus: TL = 14.7–15.5 mm) (Figs 3, 49), its distributional range (Figs 25, 29), and shape of median lobe and parameres (Figs 14 a, b, 16 a, b).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands east of the Wallace Line (Lombok, Sumba, Sumbawa, Flores), Tanimbar, Timor, south-eastern Sulawesi, and southern Moluccas (Pulau Romang) (Fig. 25). Old records from northern Sulawesi and Bacan Island need to be confirmed. Specimens were collected between 90 and 800 m a. s. l.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The specimens from Rinca (Flores) and Sumbawa were collected in rest pools of an almost dry stream bed, partly shaded by monsoonal rainforest. The bottom consisted of rocks and coarse sand, covered with rotten leaves (C. H. S. Watts and M. Balke pers. comm. 2010).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4C77047832F5568A2A87340E0A05492	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hendrich, Lars;Brancucci, Michel	Hendrich, Lars, Brancucci, Michel (2025): Revision of the Oriental and Australasian diving beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). ZooKeys 1223: 87-147, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.138220
CAB6115EA178522C9F799C501485A93B.text	CAB6115EA178522C9F799C501485A93B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sandracottus dejeanii (Aube 1838)	<div><p>Sandracottus dejeanii (Aubé, 1838)</p><p>Figs 4, 15, 26, 34, 35, 50</p><p>Hydaticus dejeanii Aubé, 1838: 165 (type locality “ Indes Orientales ”).</p><p>Sandracottus dejeani (Aubé, 1838) (sic.): Sharp, 1882: 686 (comb. nov.); Régimbart 1899: 335 (descr.); Zimmermann 1920: 234 (cat.); Guéorguiev 1965: 111 (faun.); Vazirani 1969: 275 (descr., cat.); Vazirani 1971: 25 (cat.); Sonali et al. 2022: 339 (faun.).</p><p>Sandracottus dejeanii (Aubé, 1838): Hájek 2006: 50 (faun.); Ghosh and Nilsson 2012: 18 (cat.); Ghosh 2015 a: 81 (faun.); Ghosh 2015 b: 77 (faun.); Shangar et al. 2023: 455 (faun.); Deb and Subramanian 2023: 14 (faun.); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.); Shaverdo et al. 2024: 38 (check list, faun.); Sheth et al. 2024: 10, 20 (check list, faun., key).</p><p>Sandracottus vijayakumari Anand et al., 2021: 17999–18003 (type locality Western Ghats, Kerala, India) (syn. nov.).</p><p>Type material of Hydaticus dejeanii .</p><p>Not found (MNHN).</p><p>Type material of Sandracottus vijayakumari .</p><p>Not examined.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>(143 specimens): • India: 2 exs., “ Mahableshnar W. Ghato, 5500 ft India ”, “ Coll´n J. D. Sherman Jr. 1926 ” (USNM); 2 exs., “ Aug. 43 Dehra Dun ” [Prov. Uttarakand, 1943, Dehradun, Central Internment Camp for British India near Premnagar, 30 ° 20 N 78 ° 3 E] (ZSM); 1 exs., “ Okt. 43 Dehra Dun ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Inde méridionale M. Moingeon ” (NMB); 4 exs., “ India, Batate, Patnitop 1600–2100 m 6. - 8. 8. 1980 W. Heinz leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ India Hydarabad M. Halva leg. ” (NMB); 2 exs., “ Chota Nagpore Nowatoli R. P. Cardon VII-IX. 1888 ” (NMB, MNHN); 2 exs., “ Puna ”, “ Coll. Kraatz ”, “ Zimmermann det. ” (DEI); 23 exs., “ Inde Anglaise, Kalka, ex. Coll. Oberthür ” (MNHN); 32 exs., “ Chota-Nagpore Nowatoli R. P. Cardon VIII-IX. 1896 ” (MNHN); 4 exs., “ Chota Nagpore, Nowafoli, R. P. Cardon, VIII-IX 1898 ” (RMNH); 4 exs., “ Chota-Nagpore Nowatoli, R. P. Cardon IX-X. 1896 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Chota-Nagpore Nowatoli R. P. Cardon IV-V. 1897 ” (MNHN); 5 exs., “ Maissour Shinoga Mai 1897 ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ Val de Kangra [Himachal Pradesh] Dharamsala vers 1300 m, J. Berlioz, 1937 ” (NMB, MNHN); 1 ex., “ Calcutta [Kolgata] Ex. Museo E. Steinheil ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Ex. E. Wehncke Acqu. 1884 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ India bor. 980 Dejeani, Sharp Coll. 1905-313 ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Western Ghats, Bombay [Mumbay], 2250 feet, Matheran, Charlotte Lake, 31. III. 1908 &amp; pres. 1908 by G. B. Longstaff ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ S. Bombay 1902.294. ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Matheran II. 1919 P. H. ”, “ Brit. Mus. 1978-16 ” (NHMUK); 3 exs., “ India N. W. frontier, E. Y. Watson 98-142 ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ India orient ”, “ Fry Coll. 1905-100 (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ India 980 Dejeani ”, “ Sharp Coll. 1905-313 ” (NHMUK); 3 exs., “ Khandesh, T. R. Bell, H. E. Andrewes Bequest. ”, “ B. M. 1922-221 ” (NHMUK); 6 exs., “ Khandesh, H. E. Andrewes Bequest. B. M. 1922-221 ” (NHMUK); 3 exs., “ Belgaum, H. E. Andrewes Bequest. B. M. 1922-221 ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ India ” (NHMUK); 2 exs., “ Nilghiri Hills, H. L. Andrewes ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Achmednagar, Gebauer leg. ” (NMW); 2 exs., “ Shimoga, Et. Myore, V. 1936 ” (MNHN); 6 exs., “ South India, Salem District, IX. 1943, P. S. Nathan leg. ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ India ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ India Sunderbunds ” (MNHN); 6 exs., “ India, Sundabunds ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ India, Sundabunds ”, “ coll. Gärtner ” (DEI); 1 ex., “ S-India, Salem Distr. IX. 1934 Nathan leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Orissa, Daitari, 31. XII. 1966, collected on lamp, Gy Topal leg. ” (NMB); 4 exs., “ Orissa, Jaipur Keonjahr, District Daitari, 29. XI. 1967, netted from water, Gy Topal leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Dehra Dun 1883 Dr. Warth leg. ” (CGW); 1 ex., “ Madhya Pradesh, Jablpur Dagmaga, 18. IV. 1968, V. S. Durve leg. ” (CGW); 1 ex., “ Ostindien “, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Madras, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 2 exs., “ India or., Behar, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 2 exs., “ Khandesh., 27. II. 1902, in water, T. R. Bell ”, “ Samml. A Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 2 exs., “ Coorg Hallery, Fletcher leg. ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ India, Bombay Biro. 902 ” (TDMB); 2 exs., “ India, Orissa, Jajpur-Keonjahr, District Daitari, leg. Gy Topál, No. 975, netted from water, 29. XI. 1967 ” (TDMB); 1 ex., “ India or. ” (TDMB); 1 ex., “ India, Madras ” (TDMB); 2 exs., “ Maharashtra, Igatpuri env. 120 km NE Mumbai, 600 m, 1. - 12. VIII. 2002, 19 ° 42.17 ' N, 73 ° 33.06 ' E, P. Šípek &amp; M. Fikáček leg. ” (NMPC); 1 ex., “ Tamil Nadu, 15 km SE Kotagiri, Nilgiris, Kunchappanai, 900 m, 7. - 22. V. 2000, 11 ° 22 ' N, 76 ° 56 ' E, Rolčík leg. ” (NMPC); 1 ex., “ India S, Tamil Nadu, Nilgiris, 15 km SE of Kotagiri, Kunchappanai, 900 m, 11 ° 22 ’ N 76 ° 56 ’ E, 7. – 22. V. 2000, D. Hauck leg. ” (CJS); 2 exs., “ Bhimtal 20. V. 1300–1500 m ”, “ India U. P. 8.81 M. Brancucci ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Southern Madhya Pradesh Dhobighat Nala [stream] (= Clematis Point Stream), Pachmarhi Wildlife Sanctuary, Satpura Mountain Range, ca 5 km SSE Panchmarhi, Hoshangabad District, 900 m a. s. l., 22 ° 27 ' 31 " N / 78 ° 26 ' 41 " E, 27. II. 2008, M. Jäch leg. (Loc. MP 7) ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ N 27 ° 08 ' 22 ’’ E 76 ° 20 ' 38 ’’, India bor. Occ., Rajasthan state, Alwar di., Naranimata env., 460 m, 20–30.7. 2002, lgt. P. Šrámek ” (NMPC). • Iran: 1 ex., “ Sistan va Baluchestan Prov., Bampur, 6. - 16. VI. 1997, M. Kafka leg. ” (NMPC); 1 ex., “ Sistan va Baluchestan Prov., Pir Sohrab env., 100 m, pool in dried up Wadi, 11. - 12. IV. 2000, 25 ° 44 ' N 60 ° 50 ' E, J. Hájek &amp; M. Mikát leg. ” (NMPC). • Myanmar: 1 ex., “ Mulmein [= Mawlamyaing], 1871, Fieber ” (NMW). • Nepal: 1 ex., “ Nepal ” (NHMUK). • Pakistan: 1 ex., “ Pakistan 20. 05. 1998 Kashmir Himalaya Mts. 20 km S Muzaffarabad 73 ° 29 ' E, 34 ° 01 ' N, Nara village Ronkay ” (CHF); 1 ex., “ Kawai, Khagan Valley 1450–1800 m, 15. 6. 1977, Wittmer &amp; Brancucci ” (NMB); 1 ex., ” NW Pakistan, Swat Prov., Madyan, 1400 m, VII. 1971, Holzschuh leg. ” (CGW); 1 ex., ” West Pakistan, Rawalpindi surr., 18. X. 1971, E. Heiss leg. ” (CGW); 1 ex., “ West Pakistan, Rawalpindi surr., Basal, 16. - 18. I. 1956, Kala Chitta Range, C. Lindemann leg. ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Pakistan, Northern Frontier Province, Tathabaya, 34 ° 36 ' 48 N, 73 ° 27 ' 01 E, 2300 m, at light, No 4–6, 7. - 9. VII. 1998, G. Csorba &amp; L. Ronkay leg. ” (TDMB).</p><p>Doubtfull record and probably mislabelled.</p><p>1 ex., “ Philippines Luzon Ch. Semper ” (MNHN).</p><p>Locality unknown.</p><p>4 exs., “ leg. Stolicka 1865 ” (NMW); 2 exs., “ Megerley ” [= coll. Megerle] (NMW).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Sandracottus vijayakumari recently described by Anand et al. (2021) from the Western Ghats in Kerala, India is proposed as a junior synonym of S. dejeanii . The illustrated and described dorsal colouration of the head, the pronotum, and the elytra is within the range of variation of S. dejeanii which can have both separated and contiguous testaceous markings on the elytra. Furthermore, all 143 specimens of S. dejeanii examined by the authors, including the ones having largely separated testaceous patches on the elytra, have a fine microreticulation with numerous larger punctures on the head. No information was given in the original publication on any differences in genital structure of both taxa.</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Body oval, shiny, testaceous to ferrugineus brown with black markings (Fig. 50). Ventral side completely dark brown to black, legs testaceous to ferrugineus brown.</p><p>Head testaceous with posterior half broadly black: black band protruding forwards to frons, shiny (Figs 4, 50). Surface sculpture consisting of dense microreticulation and of larger, much sparser punctures, particularly numerous on frons. Clypeal grooves, punctures alongside eyes and a transverse depression beside eyes distinctly impressed, punctures large and coalescent. Antennae testaceous; antennomeres slender, antennomere V 4 × as long as broad.</p><p>Pronotum testaceous with a median black marking reaching from posterior to anterior margins (Figs 4, 50); long and broad posteriorly, narrower and shorter anteriorly, and strongly constricted in middle. Surface shagreened with a dense punctation; punctures medium-sized. Anterior and lateral puncture lines with dense and coalescent punctures, becoming sparse towards middle and lacking in the very middle of anterior margin. Posterior puncture line distinctly visible only at sides, superficial medially and transformed in long and very superficial wrinkles.</p><p>Elytra black to dark brown with testaceous markings in form of a chessboard, the testaceous markings alternating with the black ones. Epipleura testaceous to ferrugineus brown (Figs 4, 50). Surface very slightly and superficially shagreened and covered with a double punctation, a smaller and denser one as well as a larger and much sparser one. Puncture lines with groups of medium-sized punctures.</p><p>Ventral side dark brown. Legs particularly fore and mid legs testaceous, hind legs ferrugineus brown to dark brown. Prosternal process very short and broad, 1, 3 × only longer than broad, flattened and superficially sculptured; posterior border broadly rounded. Whole surface very superficially shagreened and finely punctured. Metatibia with only a few small punctures on outer half. Ventrites II – VI shagreened, densely covered with very small punctures and a few larger sparser ones. Posterior margins rounded, bordered with a short row of coalescent punctures in middle.</p><p>Measurements: TL = 12.0–13.0 mm, TL-h = 11.1–12.1 mm, TW = 7.3–7.6 mm.</p><p>♂. Protarsomeres I – III strongly enlarged with three larger suckers and numerous smaller ones. Mesotarsomeres I – III with two rows of small suckers. Median lobe of aedeagus, in ventral view, narrow and elongate, slightly tapered towards apex (Fig. 15 a). Parameres also narrow, same length as median lobe, only slightly tapered at apical part (Fig. 15 b).</p><p>♀. Similar to male. Tarsi not enlarged.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>The combination of size and dorsal colour pattern (Figs 4, 50) separates S. dejeanii from all other species of the genus. Furthermore, the species can be separated from all other species of the genus by the shape of the median lobe and parameres (Fig. 15 a, b).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu (Ghosh and Nilsson 2012; Deb and Subramanian 2023; Sheth et al. 2024); Nepal, Pakistan, Myanmar, and Iranian Baluchistan (Hájek 2006; Shaverdo et al. 2024) (Fig. 26). Specimens were collected from near sea level to 2300 m.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>In India widespread in different ponds, rest pools of intermittent streams and artificial water tanks, often rich in aquatic vegetation. The single specimen in Pachmarhi Wildlife Sanctuary was obtained from a forest stream (ca 1–2 m wide) with rocky bottom (Fig. 35). In Kerala, Anand et al. (2021) collected the species in a partly shaded, shallow, ditch-like forest pool which was rich in decaying leaves and twigs; lentic habitat. In Iran it was collected in remnant pools in a wadi, in a semidesert area (Hájek 2006) (Fig. 34). Together with the Indian S. festivus and the two subspecies of the Australian S. bakewelli, this species is not restricted to forested areas as are many other species of the genus, especially in Southeast Asia. Sandracottus dejeanii is capable of flight and was attracted to light. The larvae have been described by Vazirani (1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CAB6115EA178522C9F799C501485A93B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hendrich, Lars;Brancucci, Michel	Hendrich, Lars, Brancucci, Michel (2025): Revision of the Oriental and Australasian diving beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). ZooKeys 1223: 87-147, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.138220
6B89ECAA735B50BA9E6ECAB068266314.text	6B89ECAA735B50BA9E6ECAB068266314.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sandracottus femoralis Heller 1934	<div><p>Sandracottus femoralis Heller, 1934</p><p>Figs 6, 17, 27, 36, 52</p><p>Dytiscus flavocinctus Guérin-Méneville, 1830: 61 (type locality Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia); Boisduval, 1835: 49 (preoccupied by Hummel 1823 and objective synonym of Sandracottus guerini); Boisduval, 1835: 49 (descr.).</p><p>Sandracottus flavocinctus (Guérin-Méneville, 1830): Régimbart 1899: 339 (descr.); Zimmermann 1920: 234 (cat.).</p><p>Sandracottus femoralis Heller, 1934 b: 3 (type locality: Buka, Solomon Islands); Alarie et al. 2023: 305 (larval descr.), idem: 320 (habitat); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.).</p><p>Sandracottus guerini J. Balfour-Browne, 1939: 114, replacement name for Sandracottus flavocinctus; Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.) (syn. nov.).</p><p>Comments on classification.</p><p>Sandracottus femoralis was described from the Solomon Islands. We have studied Heller’s type specimen of S. femoralis, Guérin-Meneville’s type of D. flavocinctus, as well as numerous specimens of S. guerini over its complete range. There is no doubt that both taxa belong to the same species. Sandracottus guerini Balfour-Browne, 1939 is a replacement name for S. flavocinctus Guérin-Méneville but is more recent than Sandracottus femoralis, so the valid name for this species must be S. femoralis .</p><p>Type material</p><p>of Sandracottus femoralis . Holotype: Female, “ Buka Salomonen Juli 1930 ”, “ Coll. H. Hediger ”, “ 1933 8 ” [blue label], “ S. femoralis Typus ” [red label], “ Staatl. Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden ”, “ Sandracottus femoralis Heller, 1934 Hendrich &amp; Brancucci det. 2006 ”. Examined.</p><p>Dytiscus flavocinctus: Lectotype (herewith designated): Female, “ Mus. Paris Nouv. Guninée Dumont d´Urv. 1841 ”, “ Dory [Manokwari] N. Guinee Duvelle Durville ” [Dumont d´Urville], [round handwritten label], “ Hidaticus [sic!] flavocinctus ” [handwritten label], “ Lectotypus Dytiscus flavocinctus Guérin-Men. des. M. Brancucci &amp; L. Hendrich 2010 ” [red printed label], “ Sandracottus guerini B. - Br. Det. M. Brancucci L. Hendrich 10 ” [white printed label] (MNHN). Examined.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>(118 specimens): • Indonesia: 1 ex., “ Indonesia: Halmahera Isl., Khao Dist., Camp 34 34 km inland from Pan-Tunggal Lumber Co. base camp at Tg. Loleo ”, “ 1-14 Feb. 1981 AC Messer &amp; PM Taylor ” (USNM); 1 ex., “ Indonesia: Halmahera Isl., Jailolo Dist., Kampung Psir Putih 0 ° 53 ' N 127 ° 41 ' E ”, “ 1-14 Aug. 1981 PM Taylor ” (USNM); 13 exs., “ Indonesia: Halmahera Isl., Jailolo Dist., Kampung Psir Putih 0 ° 53 ' N 127 ° 41 ' E ”, “ 15–31 Jan. 1981 AC Messer &amp; PM Taylor ” (USNM); 18 exs., “ Indonesia: Halmahera Isl., Jailolo Dist., Kampung Psir Putih 0 ° 53 ' N 127 ° 41 ' E ”, “ 1-14 May 1981 AC Messer &amp; PM Taylor ” (USNM); 2 exs., “ Indonesia: Halmahera Isl., Jailolo Dist., Kampung Psir Putih 0 ° 53 ' N 127 ° 41 ' E ”, “ 14. Aug. 1981 PM Taylor ” (USNM); 1 ex., “ Batanta Island [Pulau Batanta], Arefi, 2004, A. Skale leg. ” (CAS); 1 ex., “ Bernstein Morotai ”, “ flavocinctus Aubé ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Aru Insel ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Rosenberg, Ins. Aru ” (RMNH); 1 ex., “ Key Insel ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 2 exs., “ Bernstein, Morotai ” (RMNH); 1 ex., “ N. Moluccas, Bacan Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.05923&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.80775255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.05923/lat -0.80775255)">Mt. Sibela</a>, 400 m, 14 km SE Labuha, primary forest, 2–13. II. 1996, 0 ° 38´S Lat. 127 ° 32´E, leg. V. Siniaev &amp; E. Afonin leg. ” (CLH); 2 exs., “ SE Moluccas Aru ISLS, WOKAM I. 17 km NE Wakua vill., 1–7 - II. 2022, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.05923&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.80775255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.05923/lat -0.80775255)">St. Jakl</a> leg. ” (CLH, NMPC); 8 exs., “ N Moluccas: Bacan, Wayaua, alt. m. 0050, 05. - 16. vii. 1985, J. Huijbregts ” (RMNH); 1 ex., “ Indonesia, Maluku, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.05923&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.80775255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.05923/lat -0.80775255)">Obi Isl.</a>, South coast, 22 km N of Tapaya vill., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.05923&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.80775255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.05923/lat -0.80775255)">Seribu Mts.</a>, 1200–1500 m, S. Jákl leg., 20. xi- 10. xii. 2008 ” (NMPC); 3 exs., “ Indonesia, Papua Dekai, upper Brazza, 273 m, 2. / 3. vi. 2015, - 4.74108472466468 139.654211075976, Sumoked (Pap 044) ” (MZB, ZSM); 2 exs., “ Indonesia Papua Barat, Kebar, shaded deep sandy irrigation roadside ditches, 584 m, 6. xi. 2013, - 0.80775253 133.05923529, UNIPA (BH 031) ” (ZSM); 4 exs., “ Irian Jaya, Nabire, Nabire-Ilaga track, km 62, 250 m, 24. VII. 1991, M. Balke &amp; L. Hendrich leg. (IR 22) ” (CLH, NMW); 1 ex., “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.05923&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.80775255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.05923/lat -0.80775255)">Tami River Hollandia</a> 1930 R. Voorhoeve leg. ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ Seram, E Wahai, 12. II. 1989, M. Jäch ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ New Guinea, Wareo, 1933 ” (ZSM); 6 exs., “ Dutch New Guinea: Humboldt Bay Dist. Pukusam Dist. West of Tami River vi. 1937 ”, “ B. M. Nat. Hist. London ” (CLH, NHMUK). • Papua New Guinea: 1 ex., “ Nouvelle Guinée ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ New Guinea, NE Zenag-Lae, 200 m, 16. I. 1979 ” (NMB); 10 exs., “ N. Guinea mer. Rigo Lugio 1889 L. Loria ” (MNHN, RMNH); 5 exs., “ N. Guinea mer. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.76666/lat -5.133333)">Rigo</a> VII. 1889 L. Loria ” (MNHN, NMW); 1 ex., “ Morobe Prov. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.76666/lat -5.133333)">Wau</a>, 1200 m 1. - 15. V. 1962 light trap J. Sedlacek leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Morobe Prov. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.76666/lat -5.133333)">Bulolo</a> 700 m 9. XI. 1962 J. &amp; M. Sedlacek leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Morobe <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.76666/lat -5.133333)">Kilolo Creek</a> 7 km W Wau 1070 m 15. - 21. I. 1969 J. Sedlacek leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Morobe Prov. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.76666/lat -5.133333)">Garaina</a> 700 m 21. III. 1998 A. Riedel leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Morobe Prov. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.76666/lat -5.133333)">Wau</a> 15. XII. 1968 H. Ohlmus leg. ” (ANIC); 6 exs., “ Madang Prov. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.76666/lat -5.133333)">Batabag village</a> 50 m XI. - XII. 2000 5 ° 08 ' S 145 ° 46 ' E L. Cizek leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Madang Alexishafen, sago swamp, 22. V. 1991, D. J. Larson leg. ” (ANIC); 6 exs., “ Madang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.76666/lat -5.133333)">Nagada River</a> near Nobanob, 12. VI. 1991, D. J. Larson leg. ” (ANIC, QM); 1 ex., “ New Guinea Biro 96 Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen ” (TDMB). • Solomon Islands: 1 ex., “ Solomon Islands: New Georgia, 2 mls. W. Of Lamberte 1. IX. 65. Roy. Soc. Exped. B. M. 1966-1 ”, “ bomb crater pool, coast road ” (NHMUK); 3 exs. (+ numerous larvae), “ SOLOMON ISLANDS, GUADALCANAL, ca. 3.5 km SE of BARANA vill., (drying up stream in shaded gorge), 09 ° 29.8 ' S, 159 ° 59.5 ' E; 190 m, 24. xi. - 14. xii. 2013, Jiří Hájek leg. ” (NMPC); 3 exs., “ South Pacific, Solomon Is. GUADALCANAL I., 500–650 m Koso vill. Env., ca. 15–18 km SSE of Honiara, 1–18. XII. 2016 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=159.99167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.496667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 159.99167/lat -9.496667)">St. Jakl</a> leg. ” (CLH).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Body broadly oval, submatt / slightly shiny, black with ferrugineus brown markings. Ventral side completely dark brown to black, legs testaceous, hind legs somewhat darker.</p><p>Head testaceous with posterior part broadly black leaving free two small testaceous spots on vertex (Figs 6, 52). Surface submatt, shagreened, consisting of dense and minute punctures not very uniform in size and of larger and much sparser ones, more numerous on frons. Clypeal grooves and punctures alongside eyes marked, punctures medium-sized but coalescent. Antennae testaceous; antennomeres slender, antennomere V 4 × as long as broad.</p><p>Pronotum black with lateral margins ferrugineus brown, and narrow, testaceous, horizontal band, interrupted medially (Figs 6, 52). Surface submatt, distinctly shagreened, with very dense punctation; punctures medium-sized and distant of only 1–2 × their own diameter. Anterior puncture line interrupted in middle; punctures relatively small but coalescent, forming wrinkles and becoming sparse medially and lacking in mid-length of anterior margin. Posterior puncture line with coarse and coalescent punctures in middle of each side, forming distinct wrinkles, distinctly smaller and spaced on disc.</p><p>Elytra black with small testaceous markings consisting of basal band sometimes reduced to different small spots at base, one postmedian spot, one preapical short and reduced band, and an apical spot (Figs 6, 52), submatt. Epipleura ferrugineus brown. Surface distinctly shagreened and covered with small and dense punctures as well as with larger and much sparser ones. Puncture lines with groups of medium-sized punctures mostly grouped in five or six punctures, groups closer together on discal line. Sutural puncture line marked only by few punctures on apical part.</p><p>Ventral side dark brown. Legs, particularly fore and mid legs testaceous, hind legs ferrugineus brown to dark brown. Prosternal process short and broad, 1.3 × longer than broad, flattened, finely but distinctly sculptured; posterior margin broadly rounded. Metatibia with sparse medium-sized punctures on whole surface. Ventrites II – VI very superficially shagreened, slightly and longitudinally wrinkled on lateral parts, densely covered with very small punctures and larger sparser ones. Posterior margins rounded, deeply bordered with some large and coalescent punctures in middle of each side along margin.</p><p>Measurements: TL = 11.9–12.6 mm, TL-h = 11.0– 12.8 mm, TW = 7.0– 7.5 mm.</p><p>♂. Protarsomeres I – III strongly enlarged with three larger suckers and numerous smaller ones. Mesotarsomeres I – III with two rows of small suckers. Median lobe of aedeagus, in ventral view, broad, parallel-sided up to apex, here slightly broadened and broadly rounded (Fig. 17 a). Parameres broad and pointed at apex (Fig. 17 b).</p><p>♀. Similar to male, tarsi not enlarged. Microsculpture on ventrite VI as in male.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>The combination of size and dorsal colour pattern (Figs 6, 52) separates S. femoralis from all other species of the genus. The very similarly coloured S. maculatus is always larger (TL = 14.0– 16.1 mm) and more broadly oval than S. femoralis (TL = 11.9–12.6 mm). Furthermore, S. femoralis can be separated from all other species of the genus by the shape of the median lobe and parameres (Fig. 17 a, b). All instar larvae were described by Alarie et al. (2023).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia: Moluccas (Bacan, Batanta, Halmahera, Obi, Seram, Morotai), Key and Aru Islands, and West Papua; Papua New Guinea up to the Solomon Islands (Fig. 27).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>In West Papua specimens were collected in small but mainly exposed primary rainforest pools and puddles, always enriched with decaying leaves (Fig. 36). On Bacan Island also collected at light. On the Solomon Islands found in an old water-filled bomb crater near a coastal road (New Georgia), and a pool formed by the drying up of a stream on a clay bed, covered with decaying leaves and twigs (Guadalcanal; Alarie et al. 2023: 320). Sandracottus femoralis is distributed from lowland forest up to hilly mountain rain forests at ~ 1200 m altitude.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B89ECAA735B50BA9E6ECAB068266314	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hendrich, Lars;Brancucci, Michel	Hendrich, Lars, Brancucci, Michel (2025): Revision of the Oriental and Australasian diving beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). ZooKeys 1223: 87-147, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.138220
525800FFA282543E82EA0B28DF53EBBA.text	525800FFA282543E82EA0B28DF53EBBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sandracottus festivus (Illiger 1801)	<div><p>Sandracottus festivus (Illiger, 1801)</p><p>Figs 5, 16, 29, 35, 51</p><p>Dytiscus festivus Illiger, 1802: 166 . (type locality: “ Ostindien [“ East India ” = India and the Malayan Archipelago] ”.</p><p>Sandracottus festivus (Illiger, 1801): Sharp 1882: 686 (comb. nov.); Régimbart 1899: 334 (descr.); Zimmermann 1920: 234 (cat.); Vazirani 1969: 273 (descr., cat.); Ninje Gowda and Vijayan 1992: 29–32 (ecol.); Ghosh and Nilsson 2012: 18 (cat.); Ghosh and Hegde 2015: 73 (faun.); Sonali et al. 2022: 339 (faun.); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91; Sheth et al. 2024: 8, 20 (check list, faun., key).</p><p>Sandracottus mixtus (non Blanchard, 1843): Shankar et al. 2023: 455 (faun., misidentified, photo shows S. festivus); Deb and Subramanian 2023: 10–15 (faun., misidentified, photo shows S. festivus).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Not examined.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>(202 specimens): • China: 1 ex., “ Chine ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM). • India: 1 ex., “ Panjab and U Provinces VI-X India ”, “ RL Woglum coll. ” (USNM); 2 exs., “ Mahableshnar W. Ghato [Ghatol, Rajastan], 5500 ft India ”, “ Coll´n J. D. Sherman Jr. 1926 ” (USNM); 2 exs., “ INDIA – Tamil Nadu Road Salem – Yercaud Pond at 8–9 km from Yercaud – 1000 m 4. I. 1995 Mazzoldi P. leg. ” (CPM); 9 exs., “ INDIA - Kerala m 700 – Road Thekkadi – Kottayam at 13 km from Thekkadi – Muddy pool 2. I. 1995 Mazzoldi P. leg. ” (CPM); 6 exs., “ Aug. 43 Dehra Dun ” [Prov. Uttarakand, October 1943, Dehradun, Central Internment Camp for British India near Premnagar, 30 ° 20 N 78 ° 3 E] (ZSM); 6 exs., “ Montagnes du Wynaad ”, “ Museum Paris ex Coll. R. Oberthur ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ Solan près Simla Lakhat 1896 ” (NMB); 3 exs., “ Pulney Hills R. P. Castets 1898 ” (MNHN); 4 exs., “ Maissour, Shinoga, Mai 1897 ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Himalaya Simla ”, “ Coll. Franklin Müller ” (DEI); 1 ex., “ Simla, IV-VII. 96 ”, “ Ex. Musaeo W. Rothschild 1899 ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ Bangalore, Silvepoore, G. Tabourel 1899 ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ Val de Kangra [Himachal Pradesh], Dharamsala, vers 1300 m, J. Berlioz, 1937 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Inde, Mont Abu, Tajputana, 1938, J. Berlioz Ex Musaeo Thorey ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Calcutta, Ex. Museo E. Steinheil ” (MNHN); 4 exs., “ Punjab, Simla, E. C. Ansorge B. M. 1922-455 ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Bangalore, Mysore 95-28 ” (NHMUK); 5 exs., “ N. W. India 8438 ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Simla, Coll. Plason ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ South India, Salem District, IX. 1943, P. S. Nathan leg. ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ South India, Coimbatore, 24. VIII. 1937, P. S. Nathan leg. ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ India (M. P.) Jabalpur district Lamhetghat village 28. III. 1962, R. G. Sharna leg. ”, “ Zoological Survey of India Central R. S. Lot No. 29 / 63 F. C. No. 362 ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Parasnath Hills &amp; Panchi Survey ”, “ IV. 1918 Sinha &amp; Nath ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ India ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Coimbatore Inde merid. IX. 1933 ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ Wagrar-Karur env. de Bellary, 1883, Chaper &amp; de Morgan ” (MNHN); 6 exs., “ Mahé Malabar ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ Côte de Malabar, T. Deschamps 1900 ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Orissa, Jaipur-Keonjahn Distr. Daitari, 29. XI. 1967, collected from water, Gy Topal ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Madhya Pradesh, Jablpur Dagmaga, 31. V. 1965, H. P. Agywal leg. ” (CGW); 1 ex., “ India or. ” (CGW); 1 ex., “ Karnataka, Western Ghats Mts., 30 km SEE Bhatkal, Kollur env., 26. - 28. V. 2006, V. Ryjacek ” (NMPC); 1 ex., “ Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Hills, Kunchappanai, 15 km SE Kotagiri, 900 m, 11 ° 2 ' N 76 ° 56 ' E, 13. - 20. V. 1994, Z. Kejval leg. ” (NMPC); 2 exs., “ Rajasthan, Mt. Abu env., 100 km W Udaipur, 1150 m, 24 ° 35.35 ' N 72 ° 42.72 ' E, 24. - 27. VIII. 2002, P. Sipek &amp; M. Fikacek leg. ” (NMPC); 1 ex., “ Ostindien Coll. C. Felsche Geschenk 1907 ” (SMTD); 1 ex., “ India or. post. ”, “ Coll. Maerkel ” (SMTD); 1 ex., “ Madras, Coimbatore, 1400 feet, X. 1964, P. S. Nathan leg. ” (ZSM); 2 exs., “ India or. ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Indien, Tanquelar ” (ZSM); 2 exs., “ Sammlung Cl. Müller ” (ZSM); 2 exs., “ S-India, Kerala, Theimala nr. Shenkottah (70 km N Trivandrum) 150 m, 8 ° 57 ' N 77 ° 01 ' E, 5. IV. 1997, Schintlmeister &amp; Siniaev leg. ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ S India Rippon coll. ” (CLH); 2 exs., “ Khasi Hills ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Ranikhet, Kumaon, H. G. C., H. G. Champion Coll. B. M. 1953-156 ” (NHMUK); 10 exs., “ W. Almora Division, Kumaon, U. P. H. G. C., H. G. Champion Coll. B. M. 1953-156 ” (NHMUK); 2 exs., “ W. Almora Division, Kumaon, U. P., I. 1920 ”, “ H. G. Champion Coll. B. M. 1953-156 ” (NHMUK); 2 exs., “ W. Almora Division, Kumaon, U. P., IV. 1917 ”, “ H. G. Champion Coll. B. M. 1953-156 ” (NHMUK); 8 exs., “ India, Orissa, Jajpur-Keonjahr, District Daitari, No. 975, netted from water, 29. XI. 1967, leg. Gy Topál ” (TDMB); 1 ex., “ Rhimtal, 25. IX. 1979, Smetacek ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Rhimtal, 2. VIII. 1973, Smetacek ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ S-India, Kerala, 15 km SW Munnar, Kallar Valley, 9. V. 1997, 1250 m, 10 ° 02 ' N 76 ° 58 ' E, Dembicky &amp; Pacholatko leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Tamil Nadu, Nilgiris, 15 km SE of Kotagiri, Kunchappanai, 900 m, 11 ° 22 ’ N 76 ° 56 ’ E, 7. – 22. V. 2000, leg. D. Hauck ” (CJS); 1 ex., “ Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Hills, 11 km SE Kotagiri, 1100 m, E Kunchappanai, 11 ° 24 ' N 76 ° 56 ' E, 3. - 15. V. 2002, P. Pacholatko leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Southern Madhya Pradesh Hoshangabad District Pagara – Panchmarhi road, ca. 5 km NNE Panchmarhi, Panar Pani [stream], 850 m a. s. l. 22 ° 30 ' 25 " N / 78 ° 26 ' 43 " E, 26. + 27. II. 2008 M. Jäch leg. (Loc. MP 6) ” (NMW); 2 exs., “ Nilghiri ”, “ Coll. Kraatz Régimbart det. ”, “ Sandracottus festivus Illiger ”, “ Zimmermann det. ” (DEI); 1 ex., “ Calcutta ” (NHMUK). • Nepal: 1 ex., “ Nepal 02. 08. 1981 Khare 1600 Beron ” (CHF); 1 ex., “ Dhading distr., Thorpu bis Kordunje, 1300–1400 m, 24. VII. 1983, Martens &amp; Schawaller leg. ” (NMB); 2 exs., “ W Nepal, Kali Gandaki Khola Bhakta B. Tatopani 1100–1400 m, 12. - 14. V. 1984 ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Himalaya ” (RMNH); 3 exs., “ S Dhaulagiri, W Beni Darbang, 1150 m, 1. XII. 2000, G. Riepl leg. ” (NMW). • Bhutan: 2 exs., “ Bhakta B., Beguna, 2730 m, 24. VIII. 1976 ” (NMB). • Sri Lanka: 3 exs., “ Belihul-Oya Ceylon 2 de trim. 89 I. Z. Kannegieter ”, “ Muséum Paris, Coll. R. Oberthür ” (MNHN, CLH); 1 ex., “ Ceylon ”, “ W Robinson bequest 1929 ” (USNM); 2 exs., “ Ceylon N. P. Madugoda 15. IX. 1953, F. Keiser ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Museum Paris Inde Bellary du Ceylan de Morgan 1896 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Kandy, Ceylon H. Rolle, Berlin, SW ”, “ coll. Gärtner ” (DEI); 1 ex., “ Süd Ceylon Mai 1889 H. Fruhstorfer ”, “ Coll. Kraatz Régimbart det. ”, “ Hydat. festivus ”, “ Zimmermann det. ” (DEI); 15 exs., “ Nalanda Ceylon W. Horn 1899 ”, “ Zimmermann det. ” (DEI); 3 exs., “ Paradna W. Horn 1899 ”, “ Sandracottus festivus Illig, Zimmermann det. ” (DEI); 11 exs., “ Ceylon Kannegieter 1889 ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ Ceylon Nalanda 2 e trim. 89 I. Z. Kannegieter ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Ceylon, Belihul-Oya, 2 e trim. 89, I. Z. Kannegieter ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Ceylan, Deschamps, 1889 ” (MNHN); 4 exs., “ Kandy, IX-XII. 1897, E. E. Green, 1917-54 ” (NHMUK); 2 exs., “ Kelani Valley nr. Colombo W. Braine 1910-283 ” (NHMUK); 4 exs., “ Ceylon G. Lewis 1910-320 ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Ceylon, 1891 Heuser leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Kandy X. 1907 H. E. Andrewes Bequest B. M. 1922-221 ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Kandy, 20. II. 1902 Dr. Uzel leg. ” (NMW); 6 exs., “ Haputale env., Beragala, 9. XII. 1980, M. Jäch leg. ” (CGW, NMW); 2 exs., “ Dambulla env. 300 m 19. IV. - 9. V. 1991 J. Kolibac leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Habarana 10. XI. 1982 G. Duranton leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Sigiriya 10. XI. 1982 G. Duranton leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Anuradkapura 3. XI. 1982 G. Duranton ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Paradina 1899 W. Horn ” (ZSM); 1 ex. “ Matale Ceylon 1899 leg. W. Horn ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Ceylon Madarász Madatugama 21. II. 1896 ”, “ Sandracottus festivus Illiger Guignot det. 1956 ” (TDMB); 9 exs., “ Sri Lanka Moneragala Kumaradola group X. 1997 M. M. Bahir &amp; S. V. Nanayakkara leg. ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ Sri Lanka, Ratnapura Sincharaja rain forest, 17. - 19. II. 1997, Udovichenko leg. ” (CLH). • Pakistan: 1 ex., “ Hazara, Balakot 900–1100 m, 3. - 7. VI. 1983, leg. Eckweiler ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Islamabad, 1 km S Hotel Adventure Inn, 500 m, 3. VII. 1998, leg. Gy. Fábian &amp; B. Herczig ” (TDMB); 1 ex., “ Pakistan, Kashmir, Himalaya Mts., 20 km S Muzaffarabad, Nara village, 73 ° 29 ' E, 34 ° 01 ' N, 750 m, 12. IX. 1997, leg. Gy. Fábian &amp; G. Ronkay ” (TDMB).</p><p>Country unknown.</p><p>1 ex., “ Novara Reise, 1857-1859 ” (NMW).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Body broad oval, shiny, testaceous with black markings. Ventral side completely dark brown to black, legs testaceous, hind legs somewhat darker.</p><p>Head testaceous with posterior part and broadly so on posterior half alongside as well as two elongate spots on clypeus black, shiny (Figs 5, 51). Surface almost smooth consisting of dense and very numerous punctures of different size and of larger, much sparser ones, particularly numerous on frons. Clypeal grooves, punctures alongside eyes and transverse depression beside eyes distinctly impressed, punctures large and coalescent. Antennae testaceous; antennomeres slender, antennomere V 4.5 × as long as broad.</p><p>Pronotum testaceous with median black marking reaching from posterior to anterior margins; long and broad on posterior, distinctly shorter and narrower on anterior margin and strongly constricted on middle (Figs 5, 51). Surface very superficially shagreened, almost not discernible, with dense punctation; punctures medium-sized mixed with smaller ones. Anterior and lateral puncture lines dense and coalescent, punctures becoming sparse towards middle and lacking in very middle of anterior margin. Posterior puncture line with coarse and coalescent punctures on middle of each side, distinctly smaller and spaced on disc.</p><p>Elytra testaceous to ferrugineus brown with black markings consisting of three transverse bands (Figs 5, 51); particularly characterised by presence of a longitudinal testaceous subsutural spot on anterior third. Epipleura testaceous to ferrugineus brown. Surface very slightly and superficially shagreened and covered with double punctation, a smaller and denser one as well as a larger one that is more sparsely distributed. Puncture lines with groups of medium-sized punctures mostly grouped by 5–6 punctures; groups closer together on discal row.</p><p>Ventral side dark brown. Legs, particularly fore and mid legs testaceous, hind legs ferrugineus brown to dark brown. Prosternal process short and broad, 1.5 × longer than broad, flattened finely but distinctly sculptured; posterior margin broadly rounded. Whole surface very superficially shagreened and finely punctured. Metatibia with sparse medium-sized punctures on outer half. Ventrites II – VI very superficially shagreened, slightly and longitudinally wrinkled on lateral parts, whole surface densely covered with very small punctures and larger sparser ones. Posterior margins rounded, bordered with some large and coalescent punctures on middle of each side.</p><p>Measurements: TL = 14.7–15.5 mm, TL-h = 13.5–14.4 mm, TW = 8.0– 8.8 mm.</p><p>♂. Protarsomeres I – III strongly enlarged with three larger suckers and numerous smaller one. Mesotarsomeres I – III with two rows of small suckers. Median lobe of aedeagus, in ventral view, broad, parallel-sided up to apex here slightly broadened and broadly rounded (Fig. 16 a). Parameres broad and pointed at apex (Fig. 16 b).</p><p>♀. Similar to male, tarsi not enlarged. Microsculpture on ventrite VI as in male.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>India: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu (Ghosh and Nilsson 2012; Deb and Subramanian 2023; Sheth et al. 2024); Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka (Fig. 29). Specimens were collected between 150 and 2700 m above sea level. Zeng (1989) in his doctoral thesis recorded S. festivus from numerous provinces in southern China (see also Nilsson 1995). However, revision of Zeng’s specimens revealed that he misidentified S. festivus and S. mixtus [ = hunteri] (S. Zhao, in litt. 2020). The single historical specimen from China deposited in ZSM is probably mislabelled. For now, we consider S. festivus as not occurring in China.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>The dorsal colour pattern of the Indian S. festivus is near to the Indonesian S. chevrolati but can be easily separated by its consistently larger size (TL = 14.7–15.5 mm, S. chevrolati: TL = 10.0– 13.5 mm) (Figs 5, 51), its distributional range (Figs 25, 29), and shape of median lobe and parameres (Figs 14 a, b, 16 a, b).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>In India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka the species is collected from protected embayments of slow flowing forest streams, ponds, swamps, and artificial water tanks, often rich in aquatic vegetation. At Panar Pani [stream] in broad but slow flowing forest stream (ca 3–5 m wide), with its bottom consisting of gravel and rocks (Fig. 35). Together with the Indian S. dejeanii and the two subspecies of the Australian S. bakewellii, this species is not restricted to densely forested areas as many other species of the genus, especially in SE Asia. Ninje Gowda and Vijayan (1992) have published their research results on the predatory behaviour of the species on mosquito larvae in sewage tanks. The species is capable to flight and was attracted to light.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/525800FFA282543E82EA0B28DF53EBBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hendrich, Lars;Brancucci, Michel	Hendrich, Lars, Brancucci, Michel (2025): Revision of the Oriental and Australasian diving beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). ZooKeys 1223: 87-147, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.138220
1C09BEEDA7AC5703B71BB97BDCCBA261.text	1C09BEEDA7AC5703B71BB97BDCCBA261.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sandracottus hunteri (Crotch 1872) Hendrich & Brancucci 2025	<div><p>Sandracottus hunteri (Crotch, 1872) stat. rev.</p><p>Figs 7, 18, 30, 37, 38, 40, 41, 53</p><p>Dytiscus fasciatus Fabricius, 1775: 825 (type locality India).</p><p>Hydaticus hunteri Crotch, 1872: 205 (type locality China) (replacement name for Dytiscus fasciatus Fabricius).</p><p>Sandracottus fasciatus (Fabricius, 1775): Régimbart 1899: 333 (descr.); Zimmermann 1920: 234 (cat.); Hendrich and Balke 1995: 47 (ecol., cat.).</p><p>Sandracottus mixtus (non Blanchard, 1843): Hendrich 1995: 48 (ecol.); Park et al. 2009: 47 (check list); Ghosh and Nilsson 2012: 19 (cat.); Lee et al. 2014: 36. (faun.); Suprayitno et al. 2022: 135 (check list, faun.); Atthakor et al. 2018: 93 (faun.); Ghosh and Gupta 2012: 110 (faun.); Alarie et al. 2023: 307 (larval descrip.); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.).</p><p>Sandracottus fasciatus var. crucialis Régimbart, 1899: 333 (type locality Vietnam, Myanmar); Vazirani 1977: 85 (syn.).</p><p>Sandracottus manipurensis Vazirani, 1969: 277 (type locality Manipur, Assam, India); Mukhopadhyay and Ghosh 2004: 368 (cat.); Ghosh and Nilsson 2012: 19 (cat.); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.) (syn. nov.).</p><p>Sandracottus hunteri (Crotch, 1872): Sharp 1884: 447 (faun., check list); Jäch et al. 2012 (faun.); Suprayitno et al. 2017: 35 (faun., ecology).</p><p>Type material of Dytiscus fasciatus .</p><p>Holotype, 1 male: “ Dyt. Fasciatus Fabr. Pag. [page] 293 No 7 ” [handwritten label], “ Compared with modern examples in Brit. Mus. R. A. G. March 1926 ” [printed label with red letters], “ Hunter Coll. ZIHU 2199 ” [printed label, museum no.], “ Type ” [printed label with red frame], “ 139881 ” [catalogue number GLAHM 139881], “ Dytiscus fasciatus Fab. Sandracottus fasciatus Fab. ” [printed label with red frame] (HMUG). Examined.</p><p>Type material of Sandracottus manipurensis .</p><p>Holotype not examined (ZSI). Paratype, 1 male: “ India Assam, Manipur 5000 ft. Phaiphenigaum 30. VIII. 60 F. Schmid ” [handwritten label], “ Z. S. I. Lot No 61 1960 ” [printed label], “ PARATYPE ” [printed label], “ Sandracottus manipurensis n. sp. T. G. Vazirani, det. ” [handwritten and printed label], “ 5147 H 4 A ”, “ Sandracottus hunteri (Crotch) det. M. Brancucci &amp; L. Hendrich 10 ” (ZSI). Examined.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>(473 specimens): • Nepal: 7 exs., “ E-Nepal, Dhankuta-Hills, Thamur Valley, 1150–2000 m, 23. - 25 V. 1983, M. Brancucci leg. ” (NMB). • India: 2 exs., “ NE India, Assam Bhalukpong, 150 m, 27 ° 02 ' N 92 ° 36 ' E, 26. V. - 3. VI. 2005, Dembicky leg. ” (NMB); 2 exs., “ NE India, Arunachal Prov., 8 km S Jamiri Sessa vicinity, 27 ° 07 ' N 92 ° 34 ' E, 26. V. - 4. VI. 2005, 350 m, P. Pacholatko leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Darjeeling Distr., Alghera, 2900 m, 25. IV. 1982, Ch. J. Rai leg. ” (NMB); 3 exs., “ Darjeeling Distr., Kalimpong env., III. - IV. 1989, Ch. J. Rai leg. ” (NMB). • China: 1 ex., “ China Kouy-Tcheou [= Guizhou] Kouy-Tcheou, Reg. de Pin-Fa, 1909 Cavalerie ” (CHF); 1 ex., “ China Yunnan-See, 1898 Excoiffier ” (CHF); 1 ex., “ Chengtu 1933 ” [Chengdu], “ Szechwan China DC Graham XI- 27-1700 ft ” (USNM); 1 ex., “ Mu Dong Szechwan China DC Graham 6-15 - 33 Alt 1100 ft ” (USNM); 7 exs., “ Spirit Valley ”, “ Nanking Kiangsu Province ”, “ China H. F. Loomis Oct. 25, 1919 ” (USNM); 2 exs., “ China 1942 Yun Hsien March WL Jellison ” (USNM); 17 exs., “ Suifu Sz. China ”, “ June 1928 ”, “ DCGraham Collector ” (USNM); 1 ex., “ Suifu Szchuen China 1923 ”, “ DCGraham Collector ” (USNM); 1 ex., “ Suifu 1000-2000 ft Szchuen China 23´DCGraham Collector ” (USNM); 8 exs., “ Suifu Szchuen ”, “ DCGraham Collector ” (USNM); 1 ex., “ China, Hayan Isl. Wuzhi Shan Mt. [Hainan, Wuzhi Shan Nature Reserve], 1500 m 18 ° 53 ' N 109 ° 43 ' E 20.02. - 10. 04. 2001 local collector ”, “ coll. H. Hebauer ” (CHH); 2 exs., “ Chine A. David ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Su Tschuen Siao Lou 1897 “ (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Guanxi, 350 m a. s. l. 10 km S Yangshuo, muddy pools, fields, pasture 3. XI. 1999 leg. J. Šťastný ” (CJS); 5 exs., “ Pingshiang [Pingxiang, Jiangxi] Süd-China Dr. Kreyenberg, Coll. Kraatz ”, “ Zimmermann det. ” (DEI); 3 exs., “ Kiukiang [Jiujiang] June 1887 AE Pratt ”, “ Coll. Kraatz Régimbart det. ” (DEI); 2 exs., “ Kiukiang July 1887 AE Pratt ”, “ Coll. Kraatz Régimbart det. ” (DEI); 2 exs., “ Kiangsi [Jiangxi] China ”, “ Coll. Kraatz Régimbart det. ”, “ Zimmermann det. ” (DEI); 1 ex., “ China, coll. Gärtner ” (DEI); 2 exs., “ China Prov. Hupeh [Hubei] Mts. Wu-schan ” (DEI); 2 exs., “ Su Tschuen, Siàn-Lou 1897 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ China, Kouang-si, P. Barrière 1909 ex. Coll. Oberthür ” (MNHN); 33 exs., “ Su Tschuen Chasseurs Indigènes 1903 ” (MNHN); 20 exs., “ Sian-Lou Chasseurs du P. Dejean 1904 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ China Kouangsi Rég. de Nanning 1931 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Foochau [Fuzhou, Fujian] April 1886 Leech ” (MNHN); 4 exs., “ Kiukiang [= Jiujiang] June 1887 A. E Pratt ” (MNHN); 4 exs., “ Su-Tchuen, Chasseurs Indigènes 1907 ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Su-Tchuen, Siàn-Lou 1897 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Bas-Yunnan A. Salvat 1904 ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Chine, A. David “ (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Kiang-Si A. David ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ Kouy Tchéou Abbé Largeteau ” (MNHN); 6 exs., “ Kouy Tchéou Rég. De Pin-Fa Père Cavalerie 1908 ” (NMB, MNHN); 1 ex., “ Chine Shanghai ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ China bor. Ex Musaeo Thorey ” (MNHN); 4 exs., “ China “ (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Danes Island [Changzhou Island, Guangdong] 6756 ” (NHMUK); 4 exs., “ Canton [Guangzhou, Guangdong], C. W. Howard, B. M. 1922-22 ” (NHMUK); 5 exs., “ Da-Iaen-saen near Nong-po [village near Ningpo, Zhejang] Walker Coll. 93. - 18. ” (NHMUK); 3 exs., “ Hong Kong, J. J. Walker ”, “ G. C. Champion Coll. B. M. 1927-409 ” (NHMUK); 19 ex., “ China, Da-Iaen-saen [village near Ningbo, Zhejang], J. J. W. ”, “ G. C. Champion Coll. B. M. 1927-409 ” (NHMUK); 16 exs., “ Western China Suiling W. A. Maw. 1909-38 ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Prov. Hunan, Huitong, 550 m, 9. - 16. VII. 1992, Ji Lanzhou leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Yunnansen ”, “ From R. Oberthür ”, “ Coll´n J. D. Sherman Jr. 1926 ” (USNM); 1 ex., “ Yünnan, Xishuangbanna ca. 10 km NW Menglun, ca. 700–800 m, 7. XI. 1999, leg. Jäch et al. (CWBS 360) ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ SE-Guangxi, District Yulin, Liuwan Mts. SW Yulin, 350–400 m, 16. XI. 1993, Schillhammer leg. (20) ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Kiu Kiang [= Jiujiang] 1889 ”, “ Coll. Kraatz ” (NMW); 2 exs., “ Nanking, Dr. Jettmar ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ China, Dr. Stoltz BH ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Kiukiang [= Jiujiang] VII. 1887 A. E. Pratt ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Chekiang, Chusan, 17. VII. 1931, O. Piel leg. ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ China ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Prov. Hupeh ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Kiangsi, Staudinger &amp; Bang Haas ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Szechuan, Chungking, E. Reitter ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Kuong Si ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ China Yunnan ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ S-China Canton S. W. Howard ”, “ BM 1922-22 ” (CGW); 3 exs., “ Central China ”, “ Nonfried Coll. ” (CGW); 5 exs., “ W-Guizhou Prov., Leigongshan, Xijiang, 1200–1900 m, 29. V. - 2. VI. 1997, Bolm leg. ” (NMB); 2 exs., “ Hainan (217) 6 km W Dongxing, 50 m, 25. I. 1996, Jäch leg. ” (NMW); 37 exs., “ Chine Tchékiang [Ningpo] Coll. David ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Ou Hou “, “ Gebrüder W. Müller, Vermächt. 1909 ” (SMTD); 2 exs., “ Kiangsi [Jiangxi] ” (SMTD); 2 exs., “ Kiautschau ” (SMTD); 3 exs., “ Shanghai “, “ Coll. C. Felsche Geschenk 1907 ” (SMTD); 3 exs., “ Kiukiang [Jiujang] June 1887 A. E. Pratt ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 3 exs., “ China, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 4 exs., “ China, Kiautschou ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 2 exs., “ China, Pingshiang ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 2 exs., “ China, Kiaugsi ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ China Su-Tchuen chasseurs indigènes 1903 ” (CLH); 2 exs., “ China, Central Sichuan Baoguo Emet Co, 27. VII. - 3. VIII. 1994, Benes leg. ” (CLH); 4 exs., “ Sechuan, Pingwu, 32 ° 15 ' N 104 ° 16 ' E, 3. - 9. VI. 1997, E. Kucera leg. ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ China, Shanghai ”, “ Coll. E. Csiki ”, “ Sandracottus fasciatus v. hunteri Crotch ” (TDMB). • Myanmar: 6 exs., “ Taunggyi, Burma 2 ' 27 Miss Northup ” (USNM); 1 ex., “ Myanmar Catcin Cauri Birranta Fea Ag. Nov. 1886 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Myanmar Sagaing Division, Alaungdaw Katthapa NP, Khaung Din stream, ca. 450 m, 11. V. 2003, Boukal et al. leg. (119) ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Myanmar Sagaing Division, Alaungdaw Katthapa NP, Khaung Din stream, ca. 360 m, 7. V. 2003, Boukal et al. leg. (119) ” (NMW); 4 exs., “ Myanmar, Sagaing Division, Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, 23 ° 31.481 N 95 ° 38.804 E, ca. 260 m, 9. X. 1998, Schillhammer leg. (9) ”; 4 exs., “ Myanmar Shan State, NE Mintaingbin Forest Camp [ca. 35 km N Aungban] above (150), pool, 22. VIII. 2004, Shaverdo leg. (152) ” (NMW); 6 exs., “ Myanmar Shan State, NE Mintaingbin Forest Camp above (150), ca. 1200 m, puddles, 14. - 20. VIII. 2004, Shaverdo leg. ” (NMW); 6 exs., “ Myanmar Shan State, NE Mintaingbin Forest Camp above (150 A), ca. 1200 m, pond, 14. - 20. VIII. 2004, Shaverdo leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Myanmar Shan State, Shwedaung Wildlife Sanctuary, 23 ° 05.129 N 96 ° 13.527 S, 360 m, 19. VII. 2002, M. Hlaing &amp; A. Moa leg. ” (NMW); 9 exs., “ Myanmar SW Shan-State, 70 km W Taungguyi, 10. - 11. VI. 1997, J. Rejsek leg. ” (CJS, NMPC); 1 ex., “ SW Shan state, Inle lake Nyaungshwe, 7. - 16. VI. 1997, J. Rejsek ” (CJS); 1 ex., “ Myanmar Shan State Kalaw env. 1356 m N 20.63200 ” E 96.56197 ” 8. - 20. 6. 2015 Walter Grosser lgt. ” (CLH); 10 exs., “ Myanmar, Shan-State, near Kalaw, 20 ° 36 ' 48 ´´ N 96 ° 34 ' 46 ´´ E, 1400 m, 15. XI. 2003, M. Hornburg leg. ” (CLH). • Cambodia: 1 ex., “ Cambodscha Schmidt ” (MNHN); 5 exs., “ Pnom Penh V. de Salvara ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Cambodia sept. or., Stung Treng 18. - 22. IV. 1998, 13 ° 32 ' N 105 ° 58 ' E, J. Mlíkovský leg. ” (NMPC). • Laos: 1 ex., “ NE Laos Huaphanne Prov. Mt. Phu Pane, 1220–1900 m Ban Saluei v. env., 18. V. - 2. VI. 2012 20 ° 12 ' N 103 ° 59 ' E, St. Jakl + Lao collector leg. Coll. Hendrich ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ Khammouan Prov., Nakai env., 500–600 m, 22. V. - 8. VI. 2001, 17 ° 43 ' N 105 ° 09 ' E, E. Jendek &amp; O. Šauša leg. ” (CHH); 8 exs., “ Laos Attapeu prov., Ban Vang Tat Noi env. 900 m, 15 ° 03-04 ' N / 107 ° 24 ' E, 10. - 25. V. 2011 ”, “ NHMB Basel 2011 Expedition, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, D. Hauck, Z. Kraus, A. Phantala &amp; E. Vongphachan ” (CLH, NMB); 2 exs., “ Laos Svannakhet prov., Phou Xang He NBCA, ca. 5 km SW Ban Pa Phaknau, 250–400 m 17 ° 00 ' N / 105 ° 38 ' E, 31. V. - 6. VI. 2011 ”, “ NHMB Basel 2011 Expedition, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, D. Hauck, Z. Kraus, A. Phantala &amp; E. Vongphachan ” (NMB); 2 exs., “ Laos Bolikhamsay prov., Nam Kading NPA research training center near Ban Phon Kham, 18 ° 20 ' N / 104 ° 08 ' E, 250 m, 23. - 29. V. 2011 ”, “ NHMB Basel 2011 Expedition, M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, D. Hauck, Z. Kraus, A. Phantala &amp; E. Vongphachan ” (NMB); 2 exs., “ Xayaboury Prov., Xayaboury env., 19 ° 13 ' N, 101 ° 42 E, 300 m, 27. - 30. VI. 2010, leg. D. Hauck ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Laos Umg. Vientiane III. - VI. 1963 ” (NMB); 20 exs., “ ATTAPEU prov., Annam Highlands Mts., Dong Amphan NBCA, ca. 1160 m, NONG FA [crater lake] env., 15 ° 05.9 ' N, 107 ° 25.6 ' E, 30. iv- 6. V. 2010, J. Hájek leg. ” (NMPC); 1 ex., “ Pak Lag, 13. VIII. 1918 V. de Salvara leg. ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Luang Prabang I. 1917 V. de Salvara ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ Ban Mong 15. XII. 1917 V. de Salvara ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Phongsaly Prov., Phongsaly env., 1500 m, 21 ° 41 ' N 102 ° 06 ' E, 28. V. - 20. VI. 2003, M. Brancucci leg. ” (NMB); 4 exs., “ Phongsaly Prov. Ban Hatsa, 550 m, 21 ° 44 ' N 102 ° 12 ' E, 9. V. + 17. VI. 2004, M. Brancucci leg. ” (NMB); 8 exs., “ Phongsaly Prov., Ban Sano Mai, 1150 m, 21 ° 44 ' N 102 ° 12 ' E, 19. V. - 26. V. 2004, M. Brancucci leg. ” (NMB); 3 exs., “ NE Laos, Houa Phan prov., 20 ° 13 ' N 104 ° 00 ' E, Phou Pane Mt., 1. - 16. VI. 2009, 1350–1500 m, M. Brancucci leg. ” (NMB); 2 exs., “ Xieng Khouang prov., 19 ° 03 ' N 103 ° 24 ' E, Ban Thaviang env., muddy puddle, 500–600 m, 19. V. 2010, M. Geiser leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ N-Laos, Louangphrabang Prov., 19 ° 53 ' N 102 ° 09 ' E, Khan river, 300 m, V. Kuban leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ N-Laos, Louangphrabang Prov., 21 ° 09 ' N 101 ° 19 ' E, Namtha, 900–1200 m, 5. - 31. V. 1997, V. Kuban leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Boloikhamxai Prov., 70 km NEE Vientiane, 150 m, 18 ° 16 ' N 103 ° 11 ' E, 27. - 30. IV. 1997, V. Kuban leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Vientiane Prov., Lao Pako env. 55 km NE Vientiane, 1. - 4. V. 2004, J. Bezděek leg. ” (NMPC); 1 ex., “ C-Laos, Bolikhamsai Province, Ban Nape – Kaew Nua Pass, 18. IV- 1. V. 1998, alt. 600 m, 18 ° 22.3 N 105 ° 09.1 E, M. Strba &amp; R. Hergovits leg. ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ N Laos, Vientiane Prov., Vang Vieng, 300 m, 18 ° 55 ' 23 ' N 102 ° 26 ' 55 ' E, 1. - 15. V. &amp; 1. - 6. VII. 2001, J. Koubac leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ CE Laos, Boli Khan Xai prov., 18 ° 21 ' N 105 ° 08 ' E, 8 km NE Ban Nape, 600 m, 1. - 18. V. 2001, V. Kuban leg. ” (NMB); 20 exs., “ Annam Laos ”, “ Sandracottus mixtus ab. crucialis Rég. Dr. Guignot det. 1956 ” (TDMB). • Thailand: 2 exs., “ Siam Kra Ding 12 III 56 RE Elbel ” (USNM); 7 exs., “ Siam 17 V 53 RE Elbel ”, “ Pek-chong Sikiu-kerat Nong Min ” (USNM); 7 exs., “ Thailand 27 VI 54 REElbel ”, “ Sakon Nakhon, Muang Sakon Nakhon, Phu Phan ” (USNM); 24 exs., “ Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, King Cobra Cave, Thailand Coords: 14 ° 30.536 ’ N, 101 ° 55.921 ’ E, 362 m a. s. l., 27 Oct 2013, W. Atthakor leg., Sakaerat Expedition, lead by Professor Somsak Panha of Chulalongkorn University ” (CSUT); 6 exs., “ THAILAND Kanchanaburi Prov. Sai Yok N. P. – Pools on road, 23. VII. 1996 leg. P. Mazzoldi “ (CPM); 17 exs., “ Thailand, Mukdahan LL 2000, Phu Pha Thoep N. P. Small pools on dry stream bed, Mazzoldi P. leg. (23) ” (CPM); 1 ex., “ Chiang Mai prov. 35 km NW of Muang Ngai, 18 ° 40 ’ N 98 ° 42 ’ E, 10. I. 2006, S. Bečvář S. &amp; R. Fouque leg. ” (CJS); 2 exs., “ NE Thain Nan district, Ban Pha Khap, 15. - 20. V. 1992, Pacholatko leg. ” (NMW); 2 exs., “ NW-Thailand, Chiang Mai, Soppong-Pai, 1800 m, 1. - 8. V. 1993, Pacholatko &amp; Dembicky leg. ” (NMW); 4 exs., “ NW-Thailand, Chiang Mai (Zoo), 9. - 16. V. 1988, at light, Malicky leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ NW-Thailand, Chiang Mai, 10. - 17. V. 1989, Malicky leg. ” (NMW); 2 exs., “ Pang, 300 m, 19 ° 55 ' N 99 ° 12 ' E, D. Král leg. ” (NMB); 4 exs., “ NW-Thailand, Mae Hong Son, Ban Huai Po, 1500 m, 8. - 17. V. 1992, S. Bily leg. ” (NMB); 16 exs., “ NW-Thailand, Mae Hong Son, Ban Huai Po, 1600–2000 m, 9. - 16. V. 1991, J. Horák leg. ” (NMB, NMW); 1 ex., “ NW-Thailand, Mae Hong Son, Ban Huai Po, 1700 m, 24. - 30. VI. 1993, Schneider leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ NW-Thailand, Mae Hong Son, Ban Huai Po, 1600–2000 m, 9. - 16. V. 1991, Pacholatko leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Lansang n. g., Thanon Thong Chai, 500 m, 18. - 24. IV. 1991, 16 ° 48 ' N 98 ° 57 ' E, D. Kral &amp; V. Kuban leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Thanon Thong Chai, Chiangdao, 19 ° 24 ' N 98 ° 55 ' E, 600 m, 10. - 16. V. 1991, D. Kral &amp; V. Kuban leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Lansang NP, 18. - 24. IV. 1991, 500 m, 16 ° 48 ' N 98 ° 57 ' E, D. Král leg. ” (NMPC); 1 ex., “ Siam ”, “ Gebrüder W. Müller Vermächt. 1909 ” (SMTD). • Malaysia: 1 ex., “ West Malaysia, Kuala Lipis, small forest pool in rubber plantation, 15. IV. 1997, Balke &amp; Hendrich leg. ” (CLH); 3 exs., “ Kedah Peak, 3200 feet, XII. 1915 ”, “ ex. F. M. S. Museum B. M. 1955-354 ” (NHMUK); 2 exs., “ West Malaysia, Penang, Botanical Garden, 27. I. 1992, M. Jäch leg. ” (9) (NMW). • Vietnam: 1 ex., “ Vietnam 19. 05. 2007 Quang Tri Da Krong NP near headquarter lux Csorba leg. ” (CHF); 2 exs., “ Vietnam N, Quang Binh prov. 1 km N of Cha Lo, 400 m Vitenam-Laos border area 17 ° 41 ' 22 ´´ N 105 ° 45 ' 45 ´´ E, L. Dembicky leg., 11. - 24. iv. 2010 ” (NMB); 4 exs., “ Pa-kha 4914 ”, “ Indochine Coll. Dussault ” (NMB); 5 exs., “ N Vietnam, Sa Pa, 1530 m, 25. - 9. VI. 1991, J. Strnad leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ S Vietnam, Saigon, jardin botanique [botanical garden], octobre 1870, A. Krempf leg. ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ Cuc Phuong (170 m) Ninh Bin Prov. (N-Vietnam) 10. vii. 1997, S. Nomura leg. ” (NMST); 1 ex., “ Tonkin Occ. Rég. De Hoa Binh R. P. A de Cooman 1919 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Sikkim, Kurseong, R. P. Bretaudeau 1894 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Chasseurs indigènes de ta-Tsién-Loù R. P. Dejean, 1901 ” (MNHN); 4 exs., “ Tonkin Backan P. Lemée 1907-08 ” (MNHN); 8 exs., “ Tonkin Backan P. Lemée, 1908 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Tonkin Occ., Env. de Hoa Binh, R. P. A. de Coomann, 1919 ” (MNHN); 5 exs., “ S-Vietnam, 12 km N Dalat, Lang Bian, 28. - 30. IV. 1994, Pacholatko &amp; Dembicky leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ S Vietnam, 16 km N Dalat-Ankroat, 1400 m, 12 ° 05 N 108 ° 24 E, 15. IV. 1995, Pacholatko &amp; Dembicky leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Tonkin, Chaba, 27. VII. 1917, Jeanvoine leg. ” (MNHN); 8 exs., “ Hoa Binh Tonkin A. deCooman leg. ” (MNHN); 10 exs., “ Lac Tho Tonkin, A. deCooman leg. ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Hanoi 29. III. 1917 V. de Salvara ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Hoa Binh I. 1917 V. deSalvara ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ N-Vietnam, Shonla [Son La], 9. X. 1991, Murzin leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ N-Vietnam, Ma Da, 27. XII. 1990, Murzin leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Hoang Lien Son Prov., Sa Pa, 11. - 19. VI. 1990, M. Dvorák leg. ” (NMPC); 2 exs., “ S Vietnam, Lao Cai Prov., Sa Pa district, 22 ° 20 ' 48.1 ´´ N, 103 ° 47 ' 45.2 ´´ E, 1690 m, at light, 24. - 25. VIII. 1998, leg. A. Kun ” (TDMB); 1 ex., “ S Vietnam, Sa-Pa, Hoang Lien Son, 11. - 19. VI. 1990, Mir. Dvořák leg. ” (CJS); 1 ex., “ N-Vietnam, Tam Dao, V. - VI. 1990, Pich Richard leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ N-Vietnam, Tam Dao, 20. - 28. VI. 1990, S. Brantlova leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Tam Dao, 8. V. 1990, M. Dudycha leg. ” (CJS). • Indonesia: 1 ex., “ Java ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Java Cote Sud Salatri ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Java ”, “ Zimmermann det. ” (DEI); 9 exs., “ Java ”, “ Prov. Pasuruan, Kalipari, 300–500 met., W. Doherty, 1891 ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ Java occidental, Mons. Tjikorai, 4000 1852 ”, “ H. Fruhstorfer ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Java occ. Toegoë 1902 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Jav. Occ. G. Lamboreth, 1902 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Java Occ., Preanger [Parahyangan or Priangan] Tac Prau Ex. Musaeo van Lansberge ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Java Mts Kawie J. B. Lediou 1898 ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Java Ex Museo Thorey ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Java Occ, G. Lambreth, 1908 “ (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Java Schaum ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Java Coll. Le Moult ” (MNHN); 6 exs., “ E Java 50 km S Surabaya, Tretes, Kekek Bodo WF, 20. IX. 1995, Schillhammer leg. (1) ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Java Japara I. 1933 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Karanggandoel Banjoemas K. Benner 1922 Muzeum Buitenzorg ” (DEI); 1 ex., “ Java ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ E Java, Bajoekidoel b. Banjoawangi 1930 Lucht leg. ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Java Coll. Boucard ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ NE Java Baluran NP 600 m 16. - 19. IV. 1996 R. Zajicek leg. ” (NMB); 2 exs., “ Java Gebrüder W. Müller, Vermächt. 1909 “ (SMTD); 1 ex., “ East Java Pare 10. III. 1949 W. J. M. Vestjens leg. ” (ANIC); 1 ex., “ Bali, Bedugul 3 km NE Candi Kuning, 1320 m, 11. VII. 1991, Balke &amp; Hendrich leg. (BA 8) ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ Holländisch Indien ”, “ Zimmermann det. ” (DEI); 1 ex., “ Sumatra ”, “ Sandracottus hunteri Zimmermann det. ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Sumatra, Balighe, X. 90 - III. 91, E. Modiglioni ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Sumatra, Fort de Kock II. 1925, native collector ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Sumatra 1873 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Sumatra Medan ” (MNHN); 4 exs., “ Sumatra, Dolog Merangir, 8. V. - 10. VI. 1983, E. W. Diehl leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Sumatra, Dolog Merangir, 10. - 12. V. 1981, E. W. Diehl leg. ” (NMB); 3 exs., “ NE Sumatra, Medan, Dr. Marx leg. ” (ZSM); 4 exs., “ Sumatra O. K Medan 19. 9. 1921 J. B. Corporaal ”, “ Museum Paris 1902 J. B. Corporaal ” (NMB); 3 exs., “ Sumatra Medan J. B. Corporaal ”, “ Coll. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Sumatra Palembang ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Sumatra, coll. Martin ” (ZSM); 3 exs., “ Sumatra Padang Fandjang, 800 m, 1. trim. 1896, Kannegieter “ (ZSM); 2 exs., “ Höllandisch Indien ” [Indonesia] (ZSM); 4 exs., “ Sumatra Palembang, Knappert leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Sumatra Monte Battak [Bukit Batak] ex. coll. Fruhstorfer ” (MNHN).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Specimens with an absent subapical transverse band were described as var. crucialis Régimbart, 1899 . Vazirani (1969) described his S. manipurensis from Assam based on specimens with more extensive black markings of the elytra. When studying the only male paratype of S. manipurensis available to us, we were not able to detect any morphological differences in the structure of the median lobes of S. manipurensis and S. hunteri . The colour pattern of the elytra of the paratype can also be found within the range of variation in S. hunteri . We therefore consider S. manipurensis synonymous with S. hunteri .</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Body broad oval, shiny, testaceous with black markings. Ventral side completely dark brown to black, legs ferrugineus brown to testaceous.</p><p>Head testaceous with posterior part and eye margin black, shiny (Fig. 7). Surface sculpture consisting of very small dense punctures and of larger, much sparser ones, particularly numerous on frons. Clypeal grooves, punctures alongside eyes and transverse depression beside eyes distinctly impressed, punctures large and coalescent. Antennae testaceous; antennomeres slender, antennomere V 3.5 × as long as broad.</p><p>Pronotum testaceous with median black marking reaching from posterior to anterior margins (Figs 7, 53); broad on posterior, distinctly narrower on anterior margin. Surface shagreened with dense punctation; punctures medium-sized. Anterior and lateral puncture lines with dense coalescent punctures, becoming sparse towards middle, and lacking in middle of anterior margin. Posterior puncture line distinctly visible only at sides, towards middle punctures become superficial and transformed into long wrinkles.</p><p>Elytra testaceous to ferrugineus brown with black markings consisting of three transverse bands: broad antemedian, subapical, and apical; suture with narrow black frame, and puncture lines marked by black spots (Figs 9, 53). Epipleura testaceous to ferrugineus brown. Surface very slightly and superficially shagreened and covered with double punctation; denser smaller punctures and much sparser larger ones. Puncture lines with isolated groups of five or six medium-sized punctures; discal row almost complete and strongly impressed. Sutural puncture line marked only by few punctures along suture.</p><p>Ventral side dark brown. Legs, particularly fore and mid legs testaceous, hind legs ferrugineus brown to dark brown (Figs 9, 53). Prosternal process short and broad, 1.7 × longer than broad, rounded apically, and finely but distinctly sculptured. Posterior border triangular, narrowly ended. Whole surface very superficially shagreened and finely punctured. Metatibia with numerous and dense small punctures on basal half. Ventrites II – VI shagreened, longitudinally wrinkled on lateral parts, densely covered with very small punctures and larger sparser ones. Posterior margins rounded, bordered with some large and coalescent punctures along margin.</p><p>Measurements: TL = 12.5–15.0 mm, TL-h = 11.4–14.0 mm, TW = 8.3–8.8 mm.</p><p>♂. Protarsomeres I – III strongly enlarged with three larger suckers and numerous smaller one. Mesotarsomeres I – III with two rows of small suckers. Median lobe of aedeagus, in ventral view, broad, nearly parallel-sided on whole length, lobes narrowly rounded at apex (Fig. 18 a). Parameres slightly longer than median lobe, broad and pointed at apex (Fig. 18 b).</p><p>♀. Similar to male, tarsi not enlarged. Microsculpture of ventrite VI as in male.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>The species is clearly distinguished from most other Indomalayan species of the genus by its characteristic colouration. From the dorsal colouration S. hunteri is near to S. chevrolati from the Lesser Sunda Islands which is generally smaller and more elongated. Furthermore, both species can be separated by the shapes of their median lobes.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>The most widespread and common species of the genus. India: Andhra Pradesh, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Ghosh and Nilsson 2012; Ghosh and Gupta 2012); Nepal, China (Jäch et al. 2012), South Korea (Jeju-do Island) (Park et al. 2009; Lee et al. 2014), Japan (old record from Higo Province, Sharp 1884), Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, West Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Bali) (Fig. 30). The recent Indian records from the states Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu seems doubtful as the photograph in Deb and Subramanian (2023) clearly shows S. festivus and its median lobe, not S. hunteri . Specimens were collected from near sea level to 2900 m a. s. l.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Sandracottus hunteri inhabits a broad variety of pools, puddles, ditches, and swamps of different sizes, shaded and exposed (Alarie et al. 2023). In Laos numerous specimens were collected by local collectors in pools in the littoral zone of a lake (Figs 37, 38). In Thailand, near Salawin NP, S. hunteri was found in open and muddy puddles made by elephants (Fig. 40) and near the King Cobra Cave at Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, in a large rest pool of a rocky stream bed enriched with decaying leaves and twigs (Fig. 41). In Myanmar S. hunteri was collected from roadside pools on a muddy limestone bed with decomposing leaves (Alarie et al. 2023). Sandracottus hunteri also occurs in cultivated areas and is not restricted to forested sites. On Bali the species was collected several times in smaller pools of intermittent streams with decomposing leaves (Suprayitno et al. 2017). The species was attracted to light. All instar larvae were recently described by Alarie et al. (2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C09BEEDA7AC5703B71BB97BDCCBA261	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hendrich, Lars;Brancucci, Michel	Hendrich, Lars, Brancucci, Michel (2025): Revision of the Oriental and Australasian diving beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). ZooKeys 1223: 87-147, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.138220
1113CD6291B65D00858C62DFB6C9FB47.text	1113CD6291B65D00858C62DFB6C9FB47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sandracottus insignis (Wehncke 1876) Hendrich	<div><p>Sandracottus insignis (Wehncke, 1876)</p><p>Figs 8, 19, 28, 42, 55</p><p>Hydaticus insignis Wehncke, 1876: 194 (type locality Philippines, “ Insel Luzon ”); Sharp 1882: 687 (descr.).</p><p>Sandracottus insignis (Wehncke, 1876); Régimbart 1899: 338 (tax., descr.); Freitag et al. 2016: 8 (check list); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.).</p><p>Hydaticus baeri Régimbart, 1877: 99 (type locality Philippines, “ Manille ”); Zimmermann 1920: 234 (syn., cat.).</p><p>Sandracottus ornatus Sharp, 1882: 689 (type locality Borneo); Vazirani 1977: 84 (stat. nov.).</p><p>Sandracottus insignis ssp. ornatus Sharp, 1882; Vazirani 1977: 84 (cat.); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.) (syn. nov.).</p><p>Type material of Sandracottus insignis .</p><p>Lectotype (herewith designated): Female: “ Semper ” [white handwritten label with black fram]; “ Luzon ” [handwritten yellowish label], Ex. Coll. E. WEHNCKE Acq. 1884 ” [printed white label], “ Lectotype Hydaticus insignis Wehncke Hendrich &amp; Brancucci des. 2010 ” [red printed label] (MNHN). Examined.</p><p>Type material of Sandracottus baeri .</p><p>Lectotype (herewith designated): Male: “ Manille Baer ”, “ Typus ”, “ Type ”, “ Sandracottus baeri Rég. ”, “ Lectotypus Hydaticus baeri Brancucci &amp; Hendrich 07 ” [red printed label], “ Sandracottus insignis (Wehncke) det. M. Brancucci &amp; L. Hendrich 07 ” [white printed label] (MNHN) . Paralectotypes: 2 males, “ Manille Baer ”, “ Typus ”, “ Type ”, “ Sandracottus baeri Rég. ”, “ Paralectotypus Hydaticus baeri Brancucci &amp; Hendrich 07 ” [red printed label], “ Sandracottus insignis (Wehncke) det. M. Brancucci &amp; L. Hendrich 07 ” [white printed label] (MNHN) . Examined.</p><p>Type material of Sandracottus ornatus .</p><p>Holotype: Female: “ Borneo 986 ornatus ”, “ Type H. T. ”, “ Sharp coll. 1905-313 ”, “ Sandracottus insignis (Wehncke) Hendrich det. 2008 ” (NHMUK) . Paratype: Female: “ Borneo 986 1905-313 ”, “ Sandracottus insignis (Wehncke) Hendrich det. 2008 ” (NHMUK) . Examined.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The type locality of S. ornatus, “ Borneo ”, needs to be confirmed. Sandracottus insignis / ornatus has never been reported from Borneo again. However, it cannot be ruled out that the species occurs there, as some dytiscids that occur in the south of the Philippines have also been reported from the north of Borneo. From what is known so far, S. insignis appears to be endemic to the Philippines.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>(10 specimens): • Philippines: 1 ex., “ Balabac ” [handwritten label], “ ornatus Shrp ” [handwritten label] (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Montalban ” [Luzon], “ Nr. 6 Fld. - H. ” [printed label], “ baeri Régb. Insignis Sharp ” [handwritten label by Régimbart] (MNHN), 2 exs., “ Mindanao ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Luzon, Los Banos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.5/lat 10.833333)">Mt. Makiling</a> [above the Botanical Garden, 180 m] (3), 13. XI. 1992, H. Schillhammer leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.5/lat 10.833333)">Luzon</a>, Pampanga Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.5/lat 10.833333)">Bano</a> San Juan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.5/lat 10.833333)">Mt. Arayat</a> NP, spring creek, bolders, root packs, riffle, 37 m, 15 ° 10 ' 21.62 " N, 120 ° 45 ' 47.78 " E, 31. X. 2009, H. Freitag leg. ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Polillo [Polillo Islands, Luzon], Taylor ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Palawan, Taytay [10 ° 50 ' N 119 ° 30 ' E], W. Schultze leg. ” (SMTD).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Body broadly oval, shiny, testaceous with black markings. Ventral side completely dark brown to black, fore and mid legs testaceous, hind legs ferrugineus brown.</p><p>Head testaceous with posterior part dark brown as well as two dark brown, oblique, elongated patches on frons (Figs 8, 55). Surface finely microreticulate, particularly on anterior half, just shagreened on rest of surface. Punctation consisting of dense and very small punctures and of larger, much sparser ones, the latter particularly numerous on frons. Clypeal grooves, punctures alongside eyes and transverse depression beside eyes distinctly impressed, punctures large and coalescent. Antennae testaceous; antennomeres slender, antennomere V 4 × as long as broad.</p><p>Pronotum testaceous with long and broad dark brown band posteriorly and narrow dark brown band anteriorly (Figs 8, 55). Surface sculpture shagreened with dense punctation; punctures medium-sized. Anterior rows of punctures with dense, strong, and coalescent punctures, shortly interrupted in middle. Lateral puncture lines broad; punctures medium-sized and coalescent. Posterior row limited to few punctures at latero-basal quarter.</p><p>Elytra testaceous with black markings leaving four angulous basal testaceous spots, two large postmedian as well as a preapical and an apical testaceous patch (Figs 8, 55). Epipleura testaceous. Surface microreticulate, meshes very small but strongly impressed. Punctation consisting of numerous minute punctures mostly in intersection of meshes and of large sparse punctures regularly spread on whole surface. Puncture lines with groups of medium-sized punctures, discal row almost complete. Sutural puncture line with few small punctures along suture.</p><p>Ventral side dark brown. Legs particularly fore and mid legs testaceous, hind legs ferrugineus brown to dark brown. Prosternal process very short and broad, only 1.4 × longer than broad, flattened and superficially sculptured; posterior border broadly rounded. Metacoxa very superficially shagreened and finely punctured; punctures small and sparse; Metatibia with numerous medium-sized punctures on whole outer half, somewhat larger proximally. Ventrites II – VI shagreened, densely covered with very small punctures and larger sparser ones. Posterior margins rounded, bordered with short row of coalescent punctures each side of middle.</p><p>Measurements: TL = 12.5–13.1 mm, TL-h = 11.4–12.2 mm, TW = 7.8–8.1 mm.</p><p>♂. Protarsomeres I – III strongly enlarged with three larger suckers and numerous smaller ones. Mesotarsomeres I – III with two rows of small suckers. Median lobe of aedeagus, in ventral view, broad, apical half more or less parallel-sided, each part narrowly rounded apically (Fig. 19 a). Parameres also narrow, slightly longer than median lobe, and gently tapered on apical half (Fig. 19 b).</p><p>♀. Similar to male. Tarsi not enlarged. Microsculpture on ventrite VI as in male.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>The species is clearly distinguished from most other Oriental species of the genus by its characteristic colouration. From the dorsal colouration S. insignis is near to the Indian S. festivus which is generally larger and more elongated. Furthermore, both species can be separated by the shapes of their median lobes.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Philippines: Palawan, Mindanao, Luzon. The record from Borneo seems to be doubtful (Fig. 28). Specimens were collected between 40 and 200 m above sea level.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The three specimens at Mt. Makiling were collected in an exposed roadside ditch surrounded by mature second growth lowland rainforest (H. Schillhammer pers. comm. 2005). The single specimen from Bano San Juan at Mt. Arayat NP was collected among root packs in a shallow bay of a slow flowing creek, partly shaded by second growth vegetation (Freitag pers. comm. 2012) (Fig. 42). The larvae are still unknown.</p><p>Conservation.</p><p>A rare species, probably associated with the declining primary lowland rainforests in the Philippines (see Indomalayan species S. bizonatus, S. femoralis, S. maculatus, and S. rotundus). According to the present knowledge it is an endangered species (Freitag et al. 2016). It is recommended to be listed in the next IUCN red list.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1113CD6291B65D00858C62DFB6C9FB47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hendrich, Lars;Brancucci, Michel	Hendrich, Lars, Brancucci, Michel (2025): Revision of the Oriental and Australasian diving beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). ZooKeys 1223: 87-147, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.138220
3D6133664A6D5C14BE183D3EB205158C.text	3D6133664A6D5C14BE183D3EB205158C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sandracottus jaechi Wewalka & Vazirani 1975	<div><p>Sandracottus jaechi Wewalka &amp; Vazirani, 1975</p><p>Figs 9, 20, 29, 54</p><p>Sandracottus jaechi Wewalka &amp; Vazirani, 1975: 114 (Ceylon [Sri Lanka], Nuwara Eliya); Ghosh and Nilsson 2012: 18 (cat.); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: Male: “ Nuwara Eliya, 1800 m, leg. Kruse [ca 1930, Wewalka and Vazirani 1975] Ceylon (Sri Lanka) ”, “ TYPUS Sandracottus jaechi n. sp. Wewalka &amp; Vazirani 82 ” [red label] (CGW, later in NMW) . Paratypes: 1 female: “ Nuwara Eliya, leg. Kruse 1800 m Ceylon [Sri Lanka] ”, “ Paratypus Sandracottus jaechi n. sp. Wewalka &amp; Vazirani 82 ” [red label] (NMW) ; 1 female: “ Nuwara Eliya, leg. Kruse 1800 m Ceylon [Sri Lanka] ”, “ Paratypus Sandracottus jaechi n. sp. Wewalka &amp; Vazirani 82 ” [red label] (NHMUK) . Examined.</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Body oval, somewhat broadened posteriorly, completely black and shiny. Ventral side and legs completely black (Figs 9, 54).</p><p>Head black. Surface shiny, very superficially shagreened, covered with small and very dense punctures and of larger much sparser ones, the latter more numerous on frons. Clypeal grooves and punctures alongside eyes marked, punctures medium-size and coalescent. Both antennae lacking in holotype.</p><p>Pronotum black, sides not margined. Surface very slightly but distinctly shagreened, with very dense punctation; punctures small, less impressed than on head. Anterior puncture line broadly interrupted in middle, punctures large and strongly coalescent. Posterior puncture line with large and coarsely impressed punctures on middle of each side, building distinct wrinkles.</p><p>Elytra black, shiny. Epipleura black. Surface distinctly shagreened and covered with double punctation; smaller punctures with very small and dense punctures, larger one with much more sparser ones. Puncture lines with groups of medium-sized punctures mostly grouped by five or six punctures; discal row almost complete and strongly impressed. Sutural puncture line incomplete, marked only by few punctures along suture.</p><p>Ventral side black. Legs black. Prosternal process almost flat, short and broad, lanceolate, 1.4 × longer than broad, flattened and finely but distinctly sculptured; posterior margin broadly rounded. Metatibial spurs bifid. Metatibia with sparse medium-sized punctures on whole surface. Setae along posterior margin of middle femora sparse and ~ 2 / 3 of the width of mesofemora at the base. Ventrites II – VI very superficially shagreened, distinctly longitudinally wrinkled on whole lateral parts, densely covered with very small punctures and with very large sparser ones. Posterior margins rounded, deeply bordered with a row of large and coalescent punctures on the middle of each side along the margin. Outer margin of metaventral wings curved. Metacoxal lines short, not reaching apices of metacoxal processes.</p><p>Measurements: TL = 14.4–15.0 mm, TL-h = 13.5–13.6 mm, TW = 8.35–8.8 mm.</p><p>♂. Protarsomeres I – III strongly enlarged with three larger suckers and ten numerous smaller ones. Mesotarsomeres I – III with two rows of small suckers. Median lobe of aedeagus, in ventral view, broad, flattened parallel-sided on whole length, lobes broadly rounded at apex (Fig. 20 a). Parameres slightly longer than median lobe, broad and pointed at apex (Fig. 20 b).</p><p>♀. Similar to male. Microsculpture on ventrite VI as in male.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>This species can be easily separated from all other species by its completely black dorsal surface and the shape of the median lobe.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Sri Lanka, only known from the type locality (Fig. 29).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The only three specimens were collected at Nuwara Eliya, a hill resort in the mountains of central Sri Lanka. From German and British botanists of the last century the area was well-known for tropical peatland habitats with many unique and endemic plants (e. g., Keilhack 1915 a). Impressive black and white photographs of such peatland pools in central Sri Lanka can be seen in Keilhack (1915 b). Today the area is mostly cultivated and drained. The completely black dorsal surface and venter of S. jaechi may be an adaptation for woodland or peatland ponds and puddles with dark bottoms, decaying leaves, or sedges but no vegetation.</p><p>Conservation.</p><p>This is a highly endangered if not extinct species. It is by far the rarest species of the genus with a very limited distribution. It is recommended to be listed in the next IUCN red list.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D6133664A6D5C14BE183D3EB205158C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hendrich, Lars;Brancucci, Michel	Hendrich, Lars, Brancucci, Michel (2025): Revision of the Oriental and Australasian diving beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). ZooKeys 1223: 87-147, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.138220
B0D7A09D232B508A842FE1359BE49671.text	B0D7A09D232B508A842FE1359BE49671.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sandracottus maculatus (Wehncke 1876) Hendrich & Brancucci	<div><p>Sandracottus maculatus (Wehncke, 1876)</p><p>Figs 10, 21, 24, 39, 41, 43, 44, 56</p><p>Hydaticus maculatus Wehncke, 1876: 196 (type locality “ Siam ” [Thailand]).</p><p>Sandracottus wehnckei J. Balfour-Browne, 1944: 355, replacement name for Hydaticus maculatus Wehncke, 1876 (objective synonym of Hydaticus maculatus); Vazirani 1969: 277 (descr., syst.); 1977: 86 (cat.); Nilsson 2001: 84 (cat.).</p><p>Sandracottus maculatus (Wehncke, 1876): Sharp 1882: 686 (comb. nov.); Régimbart 1899: 338 (descr.); Zimmermann 1920: 235 (cat.); Ghosh and Nilsson 2012: 18 (cat.); Balke et al. 2017: 146 (faun., habitat); Atthakor et al. 2018: 93 (faunistics, habitat); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.).</p><p>Sandracottus angulifer Heller, 1934 a: 280 (type locality Davao, Mindanao, Philippines); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.) (syn. nov.).</p><p>Sandracottus palawanensis Satô, 1978: 41 (type locality Sabang, Palawan, Philippines); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.) (syn. nov.).</p><p>Sandracottus nauticus Sharp, 1882: 690 (type locality Borneo); Régimbart 1899: 339; Zimmermann 1920: 235 (cat.); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.) (syn. nov.).</p><p>Type material of Sandracottus maculatus .</p><p>Neotype (herein designated): Male, “ Schoenich ” [?], “ Cambodscha ” [yellowish handwritten label], “ Ex. Coll. E. WEHNCKE Acq 1884 ” [white printed label], “ NEOTYPUS Hydaticus maculatus L. Hendrich &amp; M. Brancucci des. 2010 ” [red printed label] (MNHN) . Examined.</p><p>Comments on classification.</p><p>It was impossible to find any type material labelled “ Siam ” among the historical specimens in the NHMUK, MNHN, and ZHMB, so we decided to designate a neotype from Cambodia found in Wehncke´s collection and deposited in MNHN. The neotype is designated to support taxonomic stability, as there are several morphological similar Sandracottus species described from the Indomalayan region, and it is paramount for present and future investigations to possess unambiguously characterised name-bearing specimens for all Indomalayan species of the genus.</p><p>Type material of Sandracottus angulifer .</p><p>Holotype: Male, “ Davao Mindanao Baker ”, “ 7251 ”, “ S. angulifer Typus ” [red label], “ 1932 12 ”, “ Staatl. Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden ”, “ Sandracottus maculatus (Wehncke, 1876) Hendrich &amp; Brancucci det. 2006 ” (SMTD) . Examined.</p><p>Type material of Sandracottus palawanensis .</p><p>Holotype: Male, “ Sabang, Palawan Philippines July 13, 1977 M. Sâto leg. ” [handwritten], “ HOLOTYPE Sandracottus palawanensis M. Satô DET. M. SATÔ 1978 ” [red label], “ Sandracottus maculatus (Wehncke, 1876) Hendrich &amp; Brancucci det. 2010 ” (NMST) . Examined.</p><p>Type material of Sandracottus nauticus .</p><p>Holotype: Male, “ Borneo 987 nauticus ”, “ Type H. T. ”, “ Sharp Coll. 1905-313 ” (NHMUK). “ Sandracottus maculatus (Wehncke, 1876) Hendrich &amp; Brancucci det. 2006 ”. Examined.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>(150 specimens): • Cambodia: 1 ex., “ Cambodia Pailin 200 m 11. - 16. VI. 2008 S. Murzin leg. Coll. Hendrich " (CLH). • Laos: 7 exs., “ LAOS centr., Kham Mouan Prov. Nakai vill. env. ca 70 km NNE Muang Khammouan, 500–600 m 17 ° 43 ' N, 105 ° 09 ' E, 7. - 25. V. 2002 M. Strba leg. / Coll. HENDRICH ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ LAOS south, Attapeu prov. Bolaven Plateau 18. - 30. IV. 1999, 15 km SE of Ban Houaykong, NONG LOM (lake) env., N 15 ° 02´E 106 ° 35´, alt. 800 m, E. Jendek &amp; O. Sausa leg. ” (CLH); 1 ex., “ Champasak Prov., Ban Nam Touad env. (near Xe Katamtok), village, agricultural lands, old secundary and degraded primary forest, light trapping, 500–800 m, 15 ° 06 ' N, 106 ° 35 ' E, 8. - 10. VI. 2010, leg. M. Geiser &amp; D. Hauck ” (NHB); 1 ex., “ Northern Vientiane Prov. Vang-Vieng, 300 m, N 18 ° 55.23 E 102 ° 26.55, 10. - 15. V. &amp; 1. - 6. VI. 2001, J. Kolibac leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Umg. Vientiane, III. - IV. 1963, coll. M. Brancucci ” (NMB); 2 exs., “ Khammouan Prov., Ban Khoun Ngeun, 200 m, 18 ° 07 ' N 104 ° 29 ' E, 24. - 29. IV. 2001, V. Kuban leg. ” (NMB); 8 exs., “ Khammouan Prov., Nakai env., 500–600 m, 22. V. - 8. VI. 2001, 17 ° 43 ' N 105 ° 09 ' E, E. Jendek &amp; O. Sausa leg. ” (CHH, NMPC); 1 ex., “ CHAMPASAK prov., Bolavens Plateau, waterfall ca., 2 km E TAD KATAMTOK, 15 ° 08.1 ' N, 106 ° 38.8 ' E, 415 m, 10–12. V. 2010, J. Hájek leg. ” (NMPC). • Thailand: 1 ex., “ N-Thailand, Khon Kaen Prov., Si Chom Phu, 220 m, 16 ° 8531 N, 102 ° 2526 E R. Ohnesorge, IX. 2012 ”, “ coll. A. Skale Hof / Germany ” (CAS); 1 ex., “ Thailand 25 V 52 REElbel ”, “ Kanchanaburi ” (USNM), 14 exs., “ Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, King Cobra Cave, Thailand Coords: 14 ° 30.536 ’ N, 101 ° 55.921 ’ E, 362 m a. s. l., 27 Oct 2013, W. Atthakor leg., Sakaerat Expedition, led by Professor Somsak Panha of Chulalongkorn University ” (CSUT); 1 ex., “ N Thailand, Doi Pho Ka N. P. Road from Pua 1 km after Park Hq. m 1400, small pools on rock (24) 2. I. 1999 P. Mazzoldi leg. ” (CPM); 2 exs., “ Siam: MeSong Forest IV. 1919 E. J. Godfrey 1920-244 ” (NHMUK); 2 exs., “ E Thailand, Ko Chang White Sands Beach, 10. XII. 1990, M. Jäch leg. (12) ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Prov. Rayong, Khao Chamao NP, 12. &amp; 13. XII. 1990, M. Jäch leg. (14) ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Tham Sakoen NP, No. 21, 29. - 30. XI. 2003, 19 ° 23 ' N 100 ° 38 ' E, Peregovits, Foldvari, Korosi, Szappanos &amp; Maklari-Kis leg. ” (TDMB); 2 exs., “ Pak Lag, 14. VIII. 1918, Jeanvoine ” (MNHN); 17 exs., “ Pak Lag 13. VIII. 1918 V. de Salvaza ” (MNHN); 6 exs., “ Pak Lag, 13. VIII. 1918 V. De S. ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 3 exs., “ Pak Lag 18. VII. 1918 no. 2119 V. de S. ” (MNHN, ZSM). 2 exs., “ Thailand, E Bangkok, Nakhon Nayok: Khlong Maduea, 14 ° 21 ' 17 " N, 101 ° 16 ' 22 " E, 16. 03. 2017, leg. H. Shaverdo ” (NMW); 3 exs., “ Thailand, Phetchabun Province, near Nam Nao National Park, Route 2216 then small road off, in village Khlong Choen, 16 ° 40 ' 29 " N, 101 ° 44 ' 01 " E 21. 03. 2017, leg. H. Shaverdo ” (NMW). • Vietnam: 1 ex., “ VietnamN, Quang Binh prov. 1 km N of Cha Lo, 400 m Vietnam-Laos border area 17 ° 41 ' 22 ´´ N 105 ° 45 ' 45 ´´ E, L. Dembicky leg., 11. - 24. iv. 2010 ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Tonkin Env. De Hoa Binh J. Laisi 1902 “, “ S. maculatus Wke ”, “ Dr. Régimbart vidit 1905 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Museum Paris Cochinchine ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ Hoa Binh Tonkin ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ Lactho Tonkin A. de Cooman ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ S Vietnam, Saigon, jardin botanique [botanical garden], octobre 1870, A. Krempf leg. ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Hoa Binh (Tonkin) A. de Cooman ” (MNHN); 3 exs., " Hoa Binh (Tonkin) A. de Cooman ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Tonkin occ. env. de Hoa Binh 1919 A. de Cooman ” (MNHN); 4 exs., “ S-Vietnam, Nam Cat Tien NP, 1. - 15. V. 1994, Pacholatko &amp; Dembicky leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Vietnam, Dong NAI, Nam Cat Tien NP, 120 m, 18 - IX- 1998, leg. L. J. Wang ” (CLJW). • Malaysia: " E-Malaysia, Sabah Borneo, Mt. Trus [= Trusmadi or Trus Madi] March-April 2010 Local leg. ”, “ coll. A. Skale Hof / Germany ” (CAS); 1 ex., “ NE Borneo Sandakan, Coll. Guignot ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Hydaticus sp. ? Pinang " [West Malaysia, Penang], “ maculatus Wehncke ” [handwritten label by Régimbart] (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Borneo Sandakan Windrath ”, “ nauticus Shp ” (MNHN), 1 ex., “ Borneo, Kinabalu [Sabah], Whitehead, Fry Coll. 1905-100 ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Borneo 987, Sharp Coll. 1905-313 ” (NHMUK); 3 exs., “ Borneo, Sabah, Kampung Pisang, Pisang env., tributary of Kuamut river, 29. VI. 1998, J. Kodada &amp; F. Ciampor leg. ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Borneo Sabah, Hot Springs, 26. V. 1999, Bacovský leg. ” (NMPC); 20 exs., “ Borneo, Sabah, Sungai Kinabatangan, stream near Danau Blandung Besar, 11. IV. 1994, H. K. Lua leg. ” (CLH, ZRC); 2 exs., “ Sabah, Kinabatangan riv. 8. - 15. VI. 2003, Uncle Tan´s camp, J. Šťastný leg. ” (CJS); 1 ex., “ Dindings 96-85 ” [Malaysia, Perak, Manjung District], “ Determined by Dr Régimbart Sandracottus maculatus v. nauticus Sharp ”; 1 ex., “ Ex. Coll. E. Wehncke Acq 1864 ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ West Malaysia, Penang 988, Sharp Coll. 1905-313 ” (NHMUK); 5 exs., “ West Malaysia, Penang, Pascoe Coll. 93-60 ” (NHMUK). • Indonesia: 1 ex., “ Ned. Indie Leg. A. Koller ”, “ Coll. F. C. Drescher ” (RMNH); 5 exs., “ Sumatra Palembang M. Knappert ” (RMNH); 7 exs., “ East Kalimantan, Distr. Damai 12. VII. 1995 Ngelung Stream Mazzoldi P. leg. ” (CPM); 1 ex., “ East Kalimantan 12. VII. 1995, Distr. Tingai stream near Sembuan, opening in forest – leg. P Mazzoldi ” (CPM); 1 ex., “ Java Occ. Toeroe 1902 ”, “ Museum Paris ex. Coll. Oberthür 1952 ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Java ex. J. Waterstradt 1904 ” (NMHN); 1 ex., “ Java ”, “ maculatus Wehncke (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Malang Java ” (MNHN); 1 ex., " Java, Prov. Pasuruan Kalipari, 300–500 m, 1891, W. Doherty leg. " (MNHN); 1 ex., " Java, Blume leg. " (RMNH); 1 ex., " Java, Muller leg. " (RMNH); 4 exs., “ Z. - Sumatra, Ranau, 500–700 m, Juli 35 ” (RMNH); 1 ex., “ SW Java, Gautang Bay, III. 1937, M. A. Lieftinck leg. ” (MNHN); 3 exs., “ Sumatra, Palembang ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Sumatra, Dolok Merangir, 8. V. - 10. VI. 1983, E. W. Diehl leg. ” (NMB); 1 ex., “ Mentawai Islands, Siberut, 5–50 m, 3. IV. 2005, S. Jákl leg. ” (NMPC); 2 exs., “ Sumatra, Palembang Coll. Peschet ” (MNHN); 2 exs., “ Sumatra Palembang ”, “ Samml. A. Zimmermann ” (ZSM); 1 ex., “ Sumatra Medan Hayek leg. (ZSM). • Philippines: 1 ex., “ Mindanao Davao XII. 1932, Baker leg. ” (SMTD); 1 ex., “ Mindanao ” (MNHN); 1 ex., “ Philippines: Luzon, Bicol, Camarines Sur, Lagonoy ca. 13 ° 44 ' 15.7 " N, 123 ° 31 ' 16.1 " E 09.2019 leg. local collector ” (CLW).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Specimens from Borneo and Sumatra with reduced yellow basal markings on elytra (habitus near femoralis) were described as S. nauticus Sharp. In the shape of the median lobe of aedeagus, some specimens from Borneo lies between S. femoralis and S. maculatus from mainland Asia. Furthermore, we do not have any molecular data for either form, so we here list S. nauticus as an objective junior synonym of S. maculatus .</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Body large, broad oval, submatt, only slightly shiny, black with ferrugineus brown markings. Ventral side completely dark brown to black, legs testaceous, hind legs somewhat darker.</p><p>Head testaceous with posterior part broadly black leaving free two small testaceous spots on vertex (Figs 10, 56). Surface submatt, shagreened, consisting of dense and minute punctures but not very uniform in size and of larger and much sparser ones, more numerous on frons. Clypeal grooves and punctures alongside eyes marked, punctures medium-sized but coalescent. Antennae testaceous; antennomeres slender, antennomere V 4 × as long as broad.</p><p>Pronotum black with margins broadly testaceous, submatt (Figs 10, 56). Surface distinctly shagreened, with very dense punctation; punctures medium-sized and distant of only 1–2 × their own diameter. Anterior puncture line interrupted in middle; punctures relatively small but coalescent, building wrinkles and becoming sparse towards middle and lacking in very middle of anterior margin. Posterior puncture line with coarse and coalescent punctures in middle of each sides building distinct wrinkles, distinctly smaller and spaced on disc.</p><p>Elytra black with testaceous markings consisting of one basal band sometimes reduced to different spots at base, one postmedian band, one preapical short and reduced band, and an apical spot (Figs 10, 56), submatt. Epipleura ferrugineus brown. Surface distinctly shagreened and covered with small and dense punctures as well as with larger and much more sparser ones. Puncture lines with groups of medium-sized punctures mostly grouped by five or six punctures; groups closer together on discal row. Sutural puncture line marked only by few punctures on apical part.</p><p>Ventral side dark brown. Legs particularly fore and mid legs testaceous, hind legs ferrugineus brown to dark brown. Prosternal process short and broad, 1.4 × longer than broad, flattened finely but distinctly sculptured; posterior margin broadly rounded. Metatibia with sparse medium-sized punctures on whole surface. Ventrites II – VI very superficially shagreened, slightly and longitudinally wrinkled on lateral parts, densely covered with very small punctures and larger sparser ones. Posterior margins rounded, deeply bordered with some large coalescent punctures on middle of each side along margin.</p><p>Measurements: TL = 13.4–16.6 mm, TL-h = 13.1–15.2 mm, TW = 8.5–10 mm.</p><p>♂. Protarsomeres I – III strongly enlarged with three larger suckers and numerous smaller one. Mesotarsomeres I – III with two rows of small suckers. Median lobe of aedeagus, in ventral view, elongate, parallel-sided on complete length, lobes narrowly rounded at apex (Fig. 21 a). Parameres narrow and elongate, and slightly longer than median lobe (Fig. 21 b).</p><p>♀. Similar to male. Pro- and mesotarsi not enlarged. Microsculpture on ventrite VI as in male.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>The species is clearly distinguished from all other Indomalayan species of the genus by its colouration and larger size. It is the largest species of the genus. From the dorsal colouration S. maculatus is near to S. femoralis which is generally smaller in size (see S. femoralis). Furthermore, both species can be separated by the shapes of their median lobes.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia (Sabah), Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra, Java, Siberut) and Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan) (Fig. 24). Specimens were collected from approximately sea level to 800 m a. s. l.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>A widespread but rare species. According to various collectors all recent records are from well vegetated pools, forest pools, or rest pools of intermittent streams and rivers, mainly located in primary rainforest (Fig. 43). At least most habitats are partly shaded and enriched with decaying leaves and twigs (Fig. 44). In Thailand (Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve) the species was collected at the end of the dry season in a rest pond of a rocky stream, with very dark water and accumulated leaf litter. The pond was more or less permanent but with a high fluctuation of water level (Fig. 41). The species was syntopic with S. hunteri (Atthakor et al. 2018) . In Vietnam, the species was collected in shallow water made by a passing jeep on a path. Syntopically occurring dytiscid species include Leiodytes kualalipis Balke, Wang, Bergsten &amp; Hendrich, 2017, L. nicobaricus (Redtenbacher, 1867), and Hydroglyphus orientalis (Clark, 1863) (Balke et al. 2017) . In Laos, S. maculatus was collected in a residual pool near the river (Fig. 39). The pool had a diameter of nearly 1 m, depth was ~ 40 cm, bottom with a thick layer of decaying leaves (Hájek pers. comm. 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0D7A09D232B508A842FE1359BE49671	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hendrich, Lars;Brancucci, Michel	Hendrich, Lars, Brancucci, Michel (2025): Revision of the Oriental and Australasian diving beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). ZooKeys 1223: 87-147, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.138220
2E4D6E5D0A5258F2B91375FFF5D41D1E.text	2E4D6E5D0A5258F2B91375FFF5D41D1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sandracottus rotundus Sharp 1882	<div><p>Sandracottus rotundus Sharp, 1882</p><p>Figs 11, 22, 27, 45, 57</p><p>Sandracottus rotundus Sharp, 1882: 688 (type locality “ Celebes ” [Indonesia, Sulawesi]); Régimbart 1899: 337 (descr.); Zimmermann 1920: 235 (cat.); Hájek and Nilsson 2024: 91 (cat.).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: Male, “ Type H. T. ”, “ Celebes 985 rotundus ”, “ Sharp Coll. 1905-313 ” (NHMUK). Examined.</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>(80 specimens): • Indonesia: 1 ex., “ INDONESIA, N-Sulawesi vic. Raja Basar b. Moutong, 15 m N 0 ° 29 ' 78 ” E 121 ° 12 ' 99 ”, 28. II. 2009, river valley (* 016 *), A. Skale leg. ” (CAS); 2 exs., “ Minahassa, Celebes ” [Minahasa, Sulawesi] (RMNH); 5 exs., “ Rosenberg, Toelabollo, Celebes ” [Tulabalo, Sulawesi] (MNHN, RMNH); 1 ex., “ Indonesia, Celebes ” [Sulawesi] (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Indonesia, C-Sulawesi, 45 km SE Palu, 1994, 01 ° 11 ' S 120 ° 08 ' E, J. Haft leg. (5) ” (NMW); 1 ex., “ Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara, Dumoga Bone N. P., XI. 1985, Rothamsted light trap, site 1, 200 m, H. Barlov leg. ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara, Dumoga Bone N. P., 17. I. 1985, lowland forest 200–300 m ”, “ R. Ent. Soc. London Project Walace B. M. 1985-10 ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Indonesia, Sulawesi Utara, Dumoga Bone N. P., 6. II. 1985, site 5, Tumpah transect, 300 m, J. D. Holloway leg. ” (NHMUK); 1 ex., “ Indonesia, Sulawesi <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=0.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.35885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 0.35/lat -0.35885)">Togian Islands</a>, Pulau Togian, river in forest south of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=0.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.35885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 0.35/lat -0.35885)">Wakai</a>, 5. - 17. VIII. 1987, D. T. Bilton leg. ” (CLH); 16 exs., “ Sulawesi <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=0.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.35885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 0.35/lat -0.35885)">Togean Islands</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=0.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.35885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 0.35/lat -0.35885)">Kadidiri Island</a> interior, 30 m, 28. viii. 2011, 00 21.531 S 121 50.959 E (SUL 005) ” (MZB, ZSM); 50 exs., “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=0.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.35885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 0.35/lat -0.35885)">Indonesia</a>, C-Sulawesi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=0.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.35885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 0.35/lat -0.35885)">Togian Islands</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=0.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.35885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 0.35/lat -0.35885)">Kaldidiri Island</a> near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=0.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.35885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 0.35/lat -0.35885)">Paradise Island Resort</a>, 50 m, S 00 ° 21 E 121 ° 50, 12. - 15. II. 1997, J. Haft leg. ” (CLH, CJS, NMB, NMPC).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Body broad oval, shiny, testaceous with black markings. Ventral side completely dark brown to black, legs testaceous, hind legs somewhat darker.</p><p>Head testaceous with posterior part and broadly so on posterior half alongside as well as two elongate spots on clypeus black, shiny (Figs 11, 57). Surface almost smooth consisting of dense and very numerous punctures of different size and of larger, much sparser ones, particularly numerous on frons. Clypeal grooves, punctures alongside eyes and transverse depression beside eyes distinctly impressed, punctures large and coalescent. Antennae testaceous; antennomeres slender, antennomere V 4.5 × as long as broad.</p><p>Pronotum black with broad lateral testaceous markings (Figs 11, 57). Surface very superficially shagreened, almost not visible, with dense punctation; punctures medium-sized mixed with smaller ones. Anterior and lateral puncture lines dense and coalescent, punctures becoming sparse towards middle and lacking in very middle of anterior margin. Posterior puncture line with coarse and coalescent punctures on middle of each side, distinctly smaller and spaced out on disc.</p><p>Elytra black with five testaceous markings, consisting of one basal, two lateral, one just behind middle, and one posterior apical one (Figs 11, 57). Epipleura testaceous to ferrugineus brown. Surface very slightly and superficially shagreened and covered with double punctation, smaller and denser ones as well as larger much sparser ones. Puncture lines with groups of medium-sized punctures mostly grouped by five or six punctures; groups closer together on discal line.</p><p>Ventral side dark brown. Legs particularly fore and mid legs testaceous, hind legs ferrugineus brown to dark brown. Prosternal process short and broad, 1.3 × longer than broad, flattened finely but distinctly sculptured. Posterior margin broadly rounded. Whole surface very superficially shagreened and finely punctured. Metatibia with sparse medium-sized punctures on outer half. Ventrites II – VI very superficially shagreened, slightly and longitudinally wrinkled on lateral parts, complete surface densely covered with very small punctures and larger sparser ones. Posterior margins rounded, bordered with some large and coalescent punctures on middle of each side.</p><p>Measurements: TL = 12.4–12.8 mm, TL-h = 11.4–11.9 mm, TW = 7.6–7.9 mm.</p><p>♂. Protarsomeres I – III strongly enlarged with three larger suckers and numerous smaller ones. Mesotarsomeres I – III with two rows of smaller suckers. Median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view broad, constricted medially, parallel-sided in apical part up to apex, here slightly broadened and broadly rounded (Fig. 22 a). Parameres broad and strongly pointed at apex, slightly longer than median lobe (Fig. 22 b).</p><p>♀. Similar to male, tarsi not enlarged. Microsculpture on ventrite VI as in male.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>The species is well distinguished from all other Oriental species of the genus by its colouration and roundish oval body. From the dorsal colouration S. rotundus is near to the Australian S. bakewellii bakewellii (Figs 1, 46) which is generally more elongated. Furthermore, both species can be separated by the shapes of their median lobes (Figs 12 a, b, 22 a, b).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia: northern and central Sulawesi including Togian Islands (Fig. 27). Specimens were collected between 30 and 300 m a. s. l.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Sandracottus rotundus seems to be restricted to stagnant water bodies in primary lowland forests of northern and central Sulawesi and their adjacent islands. All specimens on Kaldiri Island were obtained from muddy forest pools (depths up to 30 cm) and from shallow water of a forest lake not far from the sea. According to Jan Haft (pers. comm. 1998) those pools were frequently used and probably created by Babirusas [ Babyrousa togeanensis (Sody, 1949)] (Fig. 45). Co-occurring species include the rare Cybister aterrimus Régimbart, 1899, Hydaticus species of the pacificus group, and some unidentified Copelatus .</p><p>Conservation.</p><p>A rare species recorded from a very restricted area in Indonesia. Most probably the species is associated with the declining primary lowland rainforests on the island Sulawesi. It is recommended to be listed in the next IUCN red list.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2E4D6E5D0A5258F2B91375FFF5D41D1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hendrich, Lars;Brancucci, Michel	Hendrich, Lars, Brancucci, Michel (2025): Revision of the Oriental and Australasian diving beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). ZooKeys 1223: 87-147, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.138220
07DCA20E1E625BB3B9BAEF0F112A2B6F.text	07DCA20E1E625BB3B9BAEF0F112A2B6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sandracottus Sharp 1882	<div><p>Genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Medium-sized (11.9–16.6 mm) oval beetles, black or with contrasting black and yellow markings. Outer margin of metaventral wings arcuate not straight as in Hydaticus Leach, 1817 . Metacoxal lines obliterated so that no supra-articular border present; mesofemur with longer ventral setae, at least some as long as half width of mesofemur. Spur on metatibia blunt, minutely emarginate at apex. A small genus of 11 species and one subspecies distributed in the Oriental and Australasian realms. The larvae of S. dejeanii (Aubé, 1898) was described by Vazirani (1971). All larval instars of S. hunteri and S. femoralis were described in detail by Alarie et al. (2023).</p><p>World check list of Sandracottus</p><p>Sandracottus bakewellii bakewellii (Clark, 1864) Northern and coastal eastern Australia</p><p>Sandracottus bakewellii guttatus (Sharp, 1882) Central Australia</p><p>= Sandracottus rotundus ab. reductus Zimmermann, 1926</p><p>Sandracottus bizonatus Régimbart, 1899 Malaysia: Sabah, Sarawak, Indonesia: Kalimantan</p><p>Sandracottus chevrolati (Aubé, 1838) Indonesia: Lesser Sunda Islands, Timor, Tanimbar, Central and Southern Sulawesi</p><p>= Sandracottus mixtus (Blanchard, 1853) (syn. nov.)</p><p>Sandracottus dejeanii (Aubé, 1838) India, Nepal, Pakistan, Myanmar, E Iran</p><p>= Sandracottus vijayakumari Anand et al. 2021 (syn. nov.)</p><p>Sandracottus femoralis Heller, 1934 Indonesia: Moluccas, Irian Jaya; Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands</p><p>= Sandracottus flavocinctus (Guérin-Méneville, 1830)</p><p>= Sandracottus guerini Balfour-Browne, 1939 (syn. nov.)</p><p>Sandracottus festivus (Illiger, 1802) China (?), India, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Pakistan</p><p>Sandracottus hunteri (Crotch, 1872) India, Nepal, China, Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, West Malaysia, Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Bali</p><p>= Sandracottus fasciatus (Fabricius, 1775)</p><p>= Sandracottus fasciatus var. crucialis Régimbart, 1899</p><p>= Sandracottus manipurensis Vazirani, 1969 (syn. nov.)</p><p>Sandracottus insignis (Wehncke, 1876) Philippines: Palawan, Luzon, Mindanao, Malaysia: Sabah (?)</p><p>= Sandracottus baeri (Régimbart, 1877)</p><p>= Sandracottus insignis ornatus Sharp, 1882) (syn. nov.)</p><p>Sandracottus jaechi Wewalka &amp; Vazirani, 1975 Sri Lanka: Nuwara Eliya</p><p>Sandracottus maculatus (Wehncke, 1876) Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia: Sabah; Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan; Philippines: Mindanao</p><p>= Sandracottus wehnckei J. Balfour-Browne, 1944</p><p>= Sandracottus angulifer Heller, 1934 (syn. nov.)</p><p>= Sandracottus palawanensis Sato, 1978 (syn. nov.)</p><p>= Sandracottus nauticus Sharp, 1882 (syn. nov.)</p><p>Sandracottus rotundus Sharp, 1882 Indonesia: Sulawesi</p><p>Descriptions</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/07DCA20E1E625BB3B9BAEF0F112A2B6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hendrich, Lars;Brancucci, Michel	Hendrich, Lars, Brancucci, Michel (2025): Revision of the Oriental and Australasian diving beetle genus Sandracottus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). ZooKeys 1223: 87-147, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1223.138220
