identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CB60802B6BFC577EB99C7E82778E8FE4.text	CB60802B6BFC577EB99C7E82778E8FE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodiaceae S. Hughes & Corlett (Hughes 1972	<div><p>Metacapnodiaceae S. Hughes &amp; Corlett (Hughes 1972)</p><p>Classification.</p><p>Order incertae sedis, Chaetothyriomycetidae, Eurotiomycetes .</p><p>Morphological characters.</p><p>Dark, moniliform hyphae form a black or dark brown subiculum, usually on plant surfaces coated with insect honeydew. Hyphae taper smoothly towards their tips (e. g., Figs 1 B, 4 A). Cells are typically wider than long. Asexual states various but most species have a capnophialophora asexual form with dark-colored phialides bearing prominent collarettes.</p><p>Metacapnodiaceae comprises two genera:</p><p>Metacapnodium Speg. (Spegazzini 1918); IF 3137</p><p>Ophiocapnocoma Bat. &amp; Cif. 1963 (Batista and Ciferri 1963); IF 3592.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The number of septa per ascospore separates Ophiocapnocoma, with more than 13 transverse septa, from Metacapnodium with fewer than 13 septa (Sivanesan 1984). However, no sequence data are available for Ophiocapnocoma, and we are unable to test whether ascospore septation is diagnostic for clades.</p><p>Key to Metacapnodiaceae species considered here</p><p>Note: For descriptions and illustrations of named asexual forms mentioned in the key, refer to the introduction and to Fig. 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB60802B6BFC577EB99C7E82778E8FE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
F9BC60A61B735DE0BF757481CA53BB98.text	F9BC60A61B735DE0BF757481CA53BB98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodium adamantinum S. Hughes & T. J. Atk.	<div><p>Metacapnodium adamantinum S. Hughes &amp; T. J. Atk.</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>USA • Oregon, Coos County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.19&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.19/lat 43.5883)">vicinity of Eel Creek Campground, 2–4 km from Pacific Ocean Dunes</a>, elevation: 5–25 m, 43.5883°N, 124.1900°W, on twigs of Arctostaphylos sp., Aug. 2000, B. McCune, OSC 169460 .</p><p>GenBank accession number.</p><p>ITS, OR 532928.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Subicula brown to dark brown, superficial. Mycelia of brown, moniliform, straight to curved hyphae, tapered towards the ends. Cells broader than long, (14 –) 20–25 (– 29) µm wide, 12–22 µm long, distal, narrowest cells 10–12 µm wide.</p><p>Sexual form. Ascomata dark brown to black with short moniliform appendages scattered in the subicula, 450–500 µm long, 300–350 µm wide. Asci bitunicate, 8 – spored, 120–160 × 30–40 µm. Ascospores hyaline to pale brown when immature and brown at maturity, diamond shaped, biseriate, in some cases germinating with phialides (Fig. 4 E). Ascospores with 8–12 transverse septa, up to 5 longitudinal septa, and overall size (40) – 57.7 – (90) + / – 11.3 × (15) – 18.0 – (27) + / – 2.4 µm, N = 30.</p><p>Asexual form. Capnophialophora – Phialides on ascospores or on hyphae, pale brown to brown, venter subglobose, 6–8 µm wide, collarette subcylindrical, 3–4 × 2–4 µm.</p><p>Hosts and geography.</p><p>The holotype grew on trunks of Leptospermum scoparium ( Myrtaceae) in New Zealand and the host of specimen OSC 169460 was an Arctostaphylos sp. in Oregon, USA.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phylogenetically (Fig. 2), M. adamantinum forms a clade with M. novae-zelandiae and M. ericophilum, even though it apparently lacks the capnocybe form present in the two related species. Among taxa in Metacapnodiaceae, ascospores in two published species, M. adamantinum S. Hughes &amp; T. J. Atk. and M. gemmiferum S. Hughes &amp; T. J. Atk. are consistently dictyoseptate, distinguishing this from other species that have ascospores with transverse septa only. Hughes et al. (2012) mentioned an unpublished new Metacapnodium species on Vaccinium in Oregon, collected by Jeffrey Stone, which has dictyoseptate ascospores and an unknown relationship with M. adamantinum . Metacapnodium adamantinum can be distinguished from M. gemmiferum by having larger ascospores and more transverse and longitudinal septa (Hughes et al. 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9BC60A61B735DE0BF757481CA53BB98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
2D35D849820B534893C7E750C3B120D4.text	2D35D849820B534893C7E750C3B120D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodium atro-olivaceus (S. Hughes) Berbee & Aliabadi 2026	<div><p>Metacapnodium atro-olivaceus (S. Hughes) Berbee &amp; Aliabadi comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>≡ Capnobotrys atro-olivaceus S. Hughes, [as ‘ atro-olivacea ’], New Zealand J. Bot. 19 (2): 208 (1981).</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>New Zealand • South Island, Westland District, Granville Forest, Orwell Creek, on leaves of Nothofagus fusca, 2 Apr 1963, S. J. Hughes, from slides prepared by S. J. Hughes, from mixed collection, DAOM 106914 ( Capnobotrys atro-olivaceus isotype) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>The dark brown to black, velutinous subiculum of this specimen included abundant Metacapnodium australis . However, the several permanent slides associated with the specimen did contain M. atro-olivaceus . Mycelium of moniliform hyphae, olive-brown and densely verrucose throughout, warts coarse, prominent, dark olive-brown. Hyphae straight to curved, anastomosing, with lateral branching, tapering toward the ends, cells globose, as long as or broader than wide, to 16 μm wide, narrowing to 3.5–5 μm at the hyphal tips.</p><p>Sexual form unknown.</p><p>Asexual forms. Capnobotrys – Differentiated conidiophores not observed. Conidiogenous cells in irregularly arranged botryose clusters or in a unilateral series, brown and globose, elongating to become obpyriform during conidium formation. Conidia blastic, initially globose, then ovoid to ellipsoid, sometimes inequilateral, 11–13.5 × 7.5–9 µm, N = 8, Q = 1.5, olivaceous brown, smooth to verruculose, with one supramedial septum, slightly constricted at septum, proximal cell broader and slightly longer than the distal cell, with an inconspicuous scar that is located obliquely. Distal cells of conidia with apical wall thinning that is light olive brown in color.</p><p>Capnophialophora – Phialides olive-brown with a verrucous, subspherical venter 5–6 μm in width, and a subcylindrical collarette up to 3.5 × 2.5–3.5 μm. No phialidic conidia observed.</p><p>Hosts and Distribution.</p><p>Hughes (1981) reported this species from New Zealand, in bark of woody hosts and on leaves of dicots in several plant families including Myrtaceae and Fagaceae .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Metacapnodium atro-olivaceus can be distinguished from other species with similar capnobotrys forms by its dark olive brown color, prominent, dark-colored verrucae, the subcylindrical rather than funnel-shaped collarettes on its phialides, and as exemplified by Fig. 5 B, its mature hyphal cells are narrower than those of many other Metacapnodium species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D35D849820B534893C7E750C3B120D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
B4E225457FF75B0BA9088DF7044FF099.text	B4E225457FF75B0BA9088DF7044FF099.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodium australis (S. Hughes) Berbee & Aliabadi 2026	<div><p>Metacapnodium australis (S. Hughes) Berbee &amp; Aliabadi comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>≡ Capnobotrys australis S. Hughes, N. Z. Jl Bot. 19 (2): 211 (1981).</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>New Zealand • South Island, Westland District, Granville Forest, Orwell Creek, on leaves of Nothofagus fusca ., 2 Apr 1963, S. J. Hughes, from mixed collection, DAOM 106914 ( C. atro-olivaceus isotype) .</p><p>GenBank accession number.</p><p>ITS, OR 532937.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Subiculum brown to dark brown to black, velutinous, intermingled with other sooty molds. Although DAOM 106914 is an isotype of C. atro-olivaceus, the specimen consists predominantly of M. australis . Mycelia of brown doliiform to moniliform hyphae, usually moniliform when mature, coarsely or sparsely verrucose throughout, hyphae are often curved, featuring branches that originate at right angles, then curve upwards, tapered towards their tips. Cells broader than long, 23–32 µm wide, 18–25 µm long, narrowing to 6–7 µm wide at the hyphal tips.</p><p>Sexual form Unknown.</p><p>Asexual forms. Capnobotrys – Differentiated conidiophores not observed. Conidiogenous cells often unilateral, in clusters at the ends of erect hyphae or on sub-terminal branches, on terminal or penultimate cells or cells just below, bearing denticulate scars where successive conidia budded out, then seceded. Conidia initially subglobose, elongating to ovoid, coarsely verrucose, becoming 1 – septate, constricted at supramedial septum. Conidia (12.0) – 15.9 – (18.5) + / – 2.4 × (7) – 9 – (– 12) + / – 1.6 µm, N = 20, Q = 1.76. Proximal cell length is ~ 1.4 × distal cell length; proximal cell width ~ 1.3 × distal cell width. Proximal cells subglobose, 9.1 + / – 1.4 × 9 + / – 1.6 µm; distal cell 6.8 + / – 1.2 × 7.2 + / – 1.33 µm; distal cells tapering towards tip, at tip, cell wall thins and is lighter brown in color, possibly a germ pore.</p><p>Capnophialophora – Not observed.</p><p>Host and distribution.</p><p>On bark of Nothofagus spp. from New Zealand (Hughes 1981).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The mature hyphae of M. australis and Capnobotrys atro-olivaceus that are intermingled mycelia in the subiculum of DAOM 106914 differ in diameter and color. Hyphae of M. australis are up to 29 µm wide and are brown without olivaceous tints, while mature hyphae of C. atro-olivaceus are up to 16.2 µm wide and are “ dull, dark olivaceous brown ” (Hughes 1981).</p><p>In the ITS phylogeny, M. australis appears as sister to M. dingleyae (Fig. 2). Hughes (1981) distinguishes M. australis from three similar species: Capnobotrys laterivecta, C. paucisporus, and M. dingleyae that share a capnobotrys form and curved hyphae with upwardly curving or straight branches that arise at right angles, and more or less doliiform component cells. Most similar to M. australis is C. laterivecta, which can be distinguished from M. australis by its larger conidia and by the unusual attachment of its conidia by their long sides, just below their septa, to conidiogenous cells (Hughes 1981). Metacapnodium australis has smaller conidia and a larger number of conidiogenous cells at hyphal tips compared to C. paucisporus . Metacapnodium dingleyae can be easily distinguished by the presence of conidia with more than one septum (Hughes 1981). The prominent constrictions at the septa and coarse warts on capnobotrys conidia of M. australis help distinguish this species from others with capnobotrys forms, including M. moniliforme .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B4E225457FF75B0BA9088DF7044FF099	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
07EB3FBFC544550C9E891574BDD4BB5B.text	07EB3FBFC544550C9E891574BDD4BB5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodium dingleyae S. Hughes	<div><p>Metacapnodium dingleyae S. Hughes</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Norway • Ålesund, Skinstadreset, on Taxus baccata L., 21 Jan. 1999, D. Holtan, O F 65377 ; • Ålesund, Skodje, on Taxus baccata L., 21 Jan. 1999, D. Holtan, O F 65671 ; • Ålesund, Fyllingsfjellet, Skodje, on Taxus baccata L., 8 May 1999, D. Holtan, O F 66918 ; • Ålesund, Øvrestølen, on Taxus baccata L., 30 April 2001, D. Holtan, O F 171421 ; • Ålesund, Glømmesætra, on Taxus baccata L., 30 April 2001, D. Holtan, O F 171422 ; • Ålesund, Sætrevegen, on Taxus baccata L., 1 May 2001, D. Holtan, O F 171424 ; • Ålesund, Sætreheia, on Taxus baccata L., 24 Nov. 2002, D. Holtan, O F 201624 ; • Ålesund, Storberget, on Taxus baccata L., 25 Feb. 2003, D. Holtan, O F 201720, O F 201727 ; • Ålesund, Opskar, on Taxus baccata L., 2 Mar. 2003, D. Holtan, O F 201744 ; • Hjelmeland, Randøy, on Taxus baccata L., 15 Mar. 2003, J. I. Johnson, O F 281492 ; • Sykkylven, Birkeneslia, on Taxus baccata L., 26 Jul. 2010, D. Holtan &amp; P. G. Larsen, O F 293899 .</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>Collection O F 201720 (ITS, OR 532929); Collection O F 281492 (ITS, OR 532930); Collection O F 293899 (ITS, OR 532931).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Subicula thick, dark brown to black, superficial. Mycelia of moniliform to doliiform hyphae, brown when mature, smooth to slightly verrucose throughout, and verrucose distally, tapered towards their ends. Cells broader than long, up to 30 µm wide, narrowing to 6 µm at hyphal tips.</p><p>Sexual form. Ascomata scattered to crowded in some specimens, dark brown, semi – immersed in subicula, 120–200 × 90–150 µm, bearing moniliform appendages. No mature asci and ascospores observed.</p><p>Asexual forms. Capnobotrys – No distinctive conidiophores observed. Conidiogenous cells arise variously, unilaterally from cells at and just below the hyphal tip, in clusters at the tips of erect hyphae. Conidiogenous cells ovoid, brown, verruculose, bearing denticulate scars where successive conidia budded out, then seceded. Conidia ovoid, walls up to 2 µm thick, up to five septate, slightly constricted at the septa, deeply verrucose, brown to dark brown. Conidium size increases with number of septa: aseptate conidia (6) – 8.5 – (10.5) + / – 1.7 × (5) – 6.8–8) + / – 1.5 µm, N = 20, the two-septate conidia (17) – 18.6 – (20) + / – 1.7 × (8) – 9 – (11) + / – 1.0 µm, N = 26, the less common five-septate conidia (38.0) – 41.0 – (44.0) + / – 3.2 × (10.0) – 11 – (12.0) + / – 0.7 µm, N = 3. Cells wider than long, proximal cells usually wider and longer than distal cells.</p><p>Capnophialophora – Phialides on distal cells of hyphae and (not illustrated) on capnobotrys conidia, light brown to brown, verruculose, subspherical venters 5–6 µm wide; collarettes deeply constricted at junction with venter, funnel – shaped, up to 4 µm long, opening to 2 µm wide. No phialidic conidia observed.</p><p>Hosts and distribution.</p><p>Reported from New Zealand on living trunks of woody gymnosperms: Phyllocladus trichomanoides, Prumnopitys taxifolia, Dacrydium cupressinum (Hughes 1981) . Possibly also widespread on Taxus baccata ( Taxodiaceae) in Europe: specimens from Taxus sp. from Norway examined here, also reported from England (Ellis 1976), Ireland (Hughes 1981) and Italy (Karadelev et al. 2017).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The ITS phylogeny places three specimens (O F 201720, O F 281492, O F 293899) in the same clade with strong support. The M. dingleyae clade appears as sister to M. australis with 51–83 % bootstrap support (Fig. 2). Morphologically, M. dingleyae can be distinguished from other species producing a capnobotrys form by their conidia with more than one septum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/07EB3FBFC544550C9E891574BDD4BB5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
9B8DFF50A0EB541F8A72515943A2B2D0.text	9B8DFF50A0EB541F8A72515943A2B2D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodium ericophilum (Link) D. Hawksw. & S. Hughes	<div><p>Metacapnodium ericophilum (Link) D. Hawksw. &amp; S. Hughes</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>Spain • Comunidad de Madrid: Sierra de Guadarrama, Parque Regional de la Cuenca Alta del Manzanares, La Pedriza de Manzanares, on Erica arborea L., 22 Nov. 2004, D. L. Hawksworth, DAOM 234182 a .</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>ITS, OR 532934; LSU, PP 140683.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Subicula blackish, superficial, developing confluent thick and cracked cushions extending over host branches. Mycelia of doliiform and moniliform, brown to dark brown hyphae. Hyphae branching, straight, surface verrucose, tapering towards their tips. Hyphal cells to ~ 27 µm in diameter when mature, 5 µm in diameter at tip.</p><p>Sexual form. Ascomata scattered to crowded, dark brown to black, globose, some subglobose, semi – immersed in subicula, 90–180 (– 200) × 90–180 µm, bearing moniliform appendages. No mature asci or ascospores observed.</p><p>Asexual forms. Capnocybe – Synnemata up to 800 µm high, sparsely distributed throughout the subicula, their basal hyphae of ellipsoidal to globose cells, stipes 350–600 × 50–150 µm. Stipes of compact, fasciculate hyphae with cylindrical to ellipsoidal cells tapering to 6 µm towards the apex. Heads (capitula) of synnemata up to 300 µm wide. Terminal conidiogenous cells cylindrical, 10–16 × 5.5–7 µm, producing successive conidia blastically at their tips. Conidia fusiform, (2 –) 3 – septate, dark brown, (25) – 33 – (39) + / – 2.7 × (8) – 9.2 – (12) + / – 0.7 µm, Q = 3.6.</p><p>Capnophialophora – Phialides light brown to brown, subspherical venters 5–6 µm wide, near-cylindrical collarettes up to 4 µm by 2–4 µm. No phialidic conidia observed.</p><p>Hosts and distribution.</p><p>Hawksworth and Boluda (2020) reported the species from Spain and Portugal, commonly on Erica arborea, also on Erica australis, and perhaps present on other species of Erica .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phylogenetically, this species appears as sister to M. spongiosum in the ITS tree with 84–85 % bootstrap support (Fig. 2) and ITS sequences of the two species only differ by about 2 %. Both species produce capnocybe forms with similar, penicillate conidiogenous cells and their conidia are of similar shape, size and septation. Phialides in both species are somewhat unusual for Metacapnodium in that collarettes are subcylindrical rather than funnel-shaped. The two species differ in known geographical and host ranges: M. ericophilum forms dense subicula covering branches of Erica in Spain and Portugal, while M. spongiosum forms dense subicula covering branches of Calocedrus decurrens from California (Hughes 1966), and from Oregon, based on our re-identification of specimen OSC 135428 (Table 1).</p><p>Hughes (1976) recognized the similarity of these two species but considered Antennaria ericophila Link, the basionym of M. ericophilum, to be a nomen dubium due to lack of clarity about its application. Hawksworth and Boluda (2020) resolved the application of the name, epitypified and lectotypified M. ericophilum, and sequenced the ITS region of DAOM 234182, the same specimen we used for sequencing ITS and ef 1 - a gene regions. M. ericophilum was abundant on Erica arborea but not on nearby junipers, and Hawksworth and Boluda suggested this may indicate host specificity but alternatively, it could reflect a fungal requirement for honeydew from particular scale insects, and only indirectly for the plant genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9B8DFF50A0EB541F8A72515943A2B2D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
B983455C42D05E1EAECF13188BD54B56.text	B983455C42D05E1EAECF13188BD54B56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodium juniperi (W. Phillips & Plowr.) Speg.	<div><p>Metacapnodium juniperi (W. Phillips &amp; Plowr.) Speg.</p><p>Fig. 9</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>Scotland • VC – 96 – East Inverness – shire, On Juniperus sp., 15 Feb. 2023, leg. Sophie Furze, E 01043363 .</p><p>GenBank accession number.</p><p>ITS, OR 532938.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Subicula dark brown to black and spongy, 0.3 to 14 mm in diameter according to Hughes (1972). Mycelium of moniliform, brown to dark brown hyphae, hyphae mainly smooth throughout but verrucose at the distal parts, anastomosing, branched, straight or curved, tapering to their tips. Cells broader than long, to 27 µm wide, narrowing to 6 µm wide at hyphal tips.</p><p>Sexual form. Ascomata are abundant, semi-immersed in the subiculum, ostiolate, dark brown to black, 120–210 × 90–130 µm. Asci bitunicate, ellipsoid, 58–82 × 21–27 µm, 8 – spored. Ascospores 3 – septate, dark brown when matured, ellipsoid, sometimes slightly constricted at the septa, (20) – 22.9 – (26) + / – 2.4 × (8) – 9 – (11) + / – 1.0 µm, N = 45.</p><p>Asexual form. Capnophialophora – The only known asexual form for the species. Phialides appear on hyphae, ascomata initials, ascomata appendages, and (not illustrated, but see fig. 6 J in Hughes (1972)), on ascospores. Venters light brown to brown, hemispherical to subspherical, 4.5–7 µm wide; collarettes pale brown, funnel-shaped to ellipsoidal 2.5–3.5 µm long with narrow basal constriction, 2.5–4 µm wide at their openings. No phialidic conidia observed.</p><p>Hosts and distribution.</p><p>Metacapnodium juniperi, the type species of Metacapnodium, is known from small subicula growing over juniper twigs in Scotland.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In 2023, Sophie Furze kindly made a specimen available to us by collecting the specimen from East Inverness – shire, Scotland, a site close to the type locality in Scotland, from juniper, the type host, and then depositing the specimen in RBGE. Its sequenced ITS region falls among other species of Metacapnodium, as expected for the type species of its genus. (Fig. 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B983455C42D05E1EAECF13188BD54B56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
CA184EF06723513E8F83E5304E29BA00.text	CA184EF06723513E8F83E5304E29BA00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodium moniliforme (L. R. Fraser) S. Hughes	<div><p>Metacapnodium moniliforme (L. R. Fraser) S. Hughes</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Usa • Hawaii, On Cheirodendron trigynum, Jun. 1990, C. Inada, DAOM 234317 ; Australia, New South Wales, on unidentified leaves, 17 Aug. 1999, K. Seifert, DAOM 226251 .</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>Collection DAOM 234317 (ITS, OR 532936); Collection DAOM 226251 (ITS, OR 532935).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Subicula dark brown to black, effuse, superficial on leaves or twigs, typically less than 1 cm in diameter although sometimes becoming confluent. Mycelium of moniliform hyphae. Hyphae pale brown to brown, when mature, finely verrucose, deep constrictions between cells. Hyphae are erect, curved, smooth to finely verrucose, branching, then growing upwards, narrowing towards their tips. Most cells as broad as or broader than long, subglobose to doliiform, when mature up to 21 µm wide, tip cells narrowing to 5 µm.</p><p>Sexual form. Ascomata scattered, semi-immersed in subicula, dark brown, globose (immature), subglobose to obovoid, (50 –) 70–180 µm high and 50–120 µm wide, ostiolate, having straight to curved appendages (Fig. 10 K, L). Asci bitunicate, 8 – spored, ellipsoid to clavate, 50–70 × 12–25 µm. Ascospores irregular or biseriate within asci, ellipsoid, light brown to brown, mainly 3 (– 4) septate, (17) – 19.8 – (23) + / – 2.6 × (8) – 8.75 – (10) + / – 0.7 µm (DAOM 226251).</p><p>Asexual forms. Capnobotrys – No distinctive conidiophores observed. Conidiogenous cells unilateral or in botryose clusters at sides or tips of moniliform hyphae, globose to subglobose, brown to dark brown, bearing denticulate scars where successive conidia budded out, then seceded. Conidia brown, initially smooth walled, subglobose, elongating to become ellipsoid ovoid to allantoid, often cornute and inequilateral, with a single median or supramedial septum. Conidia (9) – 14 – (20) + / - 3.4 × (5) – 7.7 – (11) + / - 1.9 µm, Q = 1.8 (DAOM 226251) or (9) – 12.3 – (14.5) + / - 1.7 × (7) – 7.9 – (9) + / - 0.8 µm, Q = 1.6 (DAOM 234317, not illustrated). Proximal cells 8.0 + / – 1.9 × 7.7 + / – 1.9 µm, longer and wider than distal cells 6.1 + / – 1.2 × 6.3 + / – 1.9 µm. Proximal cells sometimes with inconspicuous, oblique scar from secession from basal or diagonal attachment to their conidiogenous cell. Distal cell with an apical patch of thinner, paler wall that sometimes protrudes, resembling the proximal hilar appendix of a basidiospore.</p><p>Capnophialophora – Phialides single or in small clusters, with light brown to brown subspherical venters 4–6 µm wide, bearing a funnel-shaped collarette 2.5–4.5 µm long with a constriction at its base, 2–3 µm wide at its opening.</p><p>Capnosporium – Rarely observed, but for examples of sizes, a conidium with two septa was 25 × 12 µm; one with three septa was 32 × 9 µm, and one with four septa was 36 × 12 µm (DAOM 226251).</p><p>Hosts and distribution.</p><p>Reported on small twigs and leaves of varied plants including ferns and dicots. Widely distributed according to Hughes (1981); known from New Zealand, Australia, Chile, and perhaps elsewhere if M. cf. moniliforme UBC F 33050 from Hawaii, and M. aff. moniliforme E 01043362 from Scotland could all be considered conspecific.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The ITS phylogeny shows that the two specimens identified as M. moniliforme, DAOM 234317, DAOM 226251, M. cf. moniliforme UBC F 33050 (described below) and M. aff. moniliforme E 01043362 form a clade with 97 % bootstrap support (Fig. 2). The average sizes of the capnobotrys conidia varied with lengths from 10 to 14 µm. Hughes (1981) reported that conidia may almost double in length, walls becoming verrucose, at the time of germination.</p><p>The M. moniliforme group and M. neesii appear as sister groups in trees from ITS, concatenated genes, and ef 1 - α, although without strong statistical support. Conidiogenous cells of capnobotrys in M. neesii and M. moniliforme are similar in shape, in arrangement, and in the oblique positioning of conidia on the conidiogenous cell. Conidia in both are 1 - septate. However, in M. neesii, the distal cell of a conidium is often less than half the length of the proximal cell (Hughes 1979) while in M. moniliforme, the distal cell is between 2 / 3 and 3 / 4 of the length of the proximal cell. According to Hughes (1981), the capnobotrys conidia of M. guava are smaller but otherwise similar in shape to those of M. moniliforme . However, sizes of conidia of M. guava given by Hughes (1981) fall within the range of sizes of conidia M. moniliforme measured here. Hughes (1981) suggested that M. guava capnobotrys conidia do not develop the cornute morphology seen in M. moniliforme . To resolve the differences between the two species, a combination of comparative morphology and barcode sequencing of additional collections would be useful.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA184EF06723513E8F83E5304E29BA00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
7F56F13371A35186AD2F6750A204A2C9.text	7F56F13371A35186AD2F6750A204A2C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodium moniliforme (L. R. Fraser) S. Hughes	<div><p>Metacapnodium cf. moniliforme (L. R. Fraser) S. Hughes</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>USA • Kauai’i, Pihea Trail, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-159.6311&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.1474" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -159.6311/lat 22.1474)">at the Pu’u O Kila lookout point</a>, Alt: 1260 m, 22.1474°N, 159.6311°W, on leaves of Metrosideros cf. polymorpha, 23 April 2016, J. Dee, UBC F 33050, cultured as DAOMC 252865, CCCM F 128 .</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>ITS, OR 532924; SSU, PP 836272; LSU, PP 140680; ef 1 - α, OR 820948.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Subicula dark brown to black, effused, superficial. Mycelium of moniliform hyphae, hyphae pale brown to brown when mature, smooth to finely verrucose, with deep constrictions at septa. Hyphae erect, straight to curved, hyphal branches grow upwards, narrow towards their tips. Cells broader than long, subglobose to doliiform, 15–25 (– 28) µm wide, narrowing to 6–10 µm at hyphal tips.</p><p>Sexual form unknown.</p><p>Asexual forms. Capnobotrys – Differentiated conidiophores not observed. Conidiogenous cells in whorls or semi – whorled clusters at the sides or tips of moniliform hyphae, globose to subglobose, brown to dark brown, bearing denticulate scars where successive conidia budded out, then seceded. Conidia brown, smooth walled, allantoid, ovoid, or ellipsoid in shape, brown, smooth walled, sometimes cornute and inequilateral, with a single median or supramedial septum, not or only slightly constricted at septa. On leaves, conidia (9) – 10.8 – (14) + / – 1.7 × (5) – 7 – (10) + / – 1.8 µm, N = 15, Q = 1.57, proximal cell 6.5 + / – 0.8 × 7.0 + / – 1.84 µm; distal cell 4.3 + / – 0.96 × 5.9 + / – 2 µm. Proximal cells 1.57 × as long as distal cells and 1.2 × as wide. A few much larger, dark brown, verrucose, thick-walled conidia also present, 15–18 × 10–11 µm. Conidia in culture similar but slightly narrower, (8) – 10 – (12) + / – 1.0 × (5) – 5.8 – (7) + / – 0.6 µm, N = 30, Q = 1.8. Proximal cells longer and wider than distal cells; proximal cells 6.0 + / – 0.8 × 5.8 + / – 0.6 µm, distal cell 4.2 + / – 0.4 × 4.1 + / – 0.4 µm. Proximal cells from leaves and cultures sometimes with an inconspicuous, oblique scar resulting from secession from basal or diagonal attachment to a conidiogenous cell; distal cells bear an apical wall thinning, light brown in color, sometimes protruding to resemble a basidiospore’s hilar appendix.</p><p>Capnophialophora – (Fig. 11 F, G) Phialides, found on leaves but not in cultures, on tips or sides of hyphae, with a light brown to brown, subspherical venter 4–6 µm wide; bearing a funnel – shaped collarette up to 3 µm long, constricted at its base and 2 µm wide at its opening.</p><p>Host and distribution.</p><p>Known only from leaves of Metrosideros cf. polymorpha from Hawaii. However, additional basic systematic research may place this slightly divergent specimen in M. moniliforme, a species with a broad host range.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This specimen’s ITS sequence clusters with the other two M. moniliforme specimen sequences with 96 % or more bootstrap support but is 1.7 to 2.5 % different from the other M. moniliforme ITS sequences. Morphologically, it is similar to M. moniliforme . However, no Capnosporium form was observed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F56F13371A35186AD2F6750A204A2C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
08461097D5AD57DC84194B78C36BFE67.text	08461097D5AD57DC84194B78C36BFE67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodium moniliforme (L. R. Fraser) S. Hughes	<div><p>Metacapnodium aff. moniliforme (L. R. Fraser) S. Hughes</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>Scotland • VC – 98 – Argyllshire – Benmore Botanic Garden, on Rhododendron sp., 13 Mar 23, Rebecca Yahr, E 01043362 .</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>ITS, OR 532939; LSU, PP 140684.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Like M. moniliforme, this specimen has both a capnobotrys and a capnophialophora form.</p><p>Sexual form unknown.</p><p>Asexual form. Capnobotrys – Mode of conidiogenesis, conidium shapes similar to two DAOM M. moniliforme samples described above. Conidium sizes (9) – 12.45 – (17) + / – 1.7 × (6) – 8 – (10) + / – 1.2 µm, N = 30, Q = 1.5 slightly larger than two DAOM M. moniliforme samples.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the ITS phylogeny, M. aff. moniliforme forms a monophyletic group with M. moniliforme and M. cf. moniliforme with 97 % bootstrap support (Fig. 2). Material of this specimen is too limited for more extensive description and analysis, but its sequence divergence from other specimens suggests it might represent a new, possibly cryptic species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/08461097D5AD57DC84194B78C36BFE67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
F2B563561FB95E218E06594997CE4EB3.text	F2B563561FB95E218E06594997CE4EB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodium novae-zelandiae (S. Hughes) Aliabadi & Berbee 2025	<div><p>Metacapnodium novae-zelandiae (S. Hughes) Aliabadi &amp; Berbee, 2025 comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 12</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>≡ Capnocybe novae-zelandiae S. Hughes, N. Z. Jl Bot. 4: 345 (1966).</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>New Zealand • South Island, Canterbury District, Woolshed Hill, Hawdon Valley, on bark of Nothofagus fusca, 16 May 1963, S. J. Hughes ( Capnocybe novae-zelandiae DAOM 97302 a isotype) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Subicula dark brown to black, superficial, spongy. Mycelia of doliiform and moniliform, brown to dark brown hyphae, smooth throughout but roughened at the distal parts. Hyphae anastomosing, branched, straight and curved, tapering towards their distal tips. Cells subglobose to doliiform, to 32 µm wide, narrowing to 6 µm at hyphal tips.</p><p>Sexual form unknown.</p><p>Asexual forms. Capnocybe – Synnemata sparsely distributed throughout subicula, erect, cylindrical, up to 2.5 mm high, with a slimy head (Fig. 12 F). Stipes 100–150 µm wide, of dense, compact, fasciculate hyphae of cylindrical to ellipsoidal cells that taper to 5.5–6 µm towards the hyphal tips. Internal hyphal cells at synnema base globose, ellipsoidal to pyriform, to 40 µm wide. Heads of synnemata, up to 350 µm wide, their hyphae with penicillate branching. Terminal cells almost ellipsoid, 10–16 long and 5.5–7 wide, bearing denticulate scars where successive conidia budded out, then seceded. Conidia 3 – septate (although Hughes (1966) reported rare 2 - septate conidia) ellipsoid, rounded at both ends, straight to somewhat curved, dark brown, thick-walled, paler at their apices, (31) – 35.8 – (39) + / – 2.7 × (9) – 11 – (13) + / – 1.0 µm, N = 20, Q = 3.2.</p><p>Capnophialophora – Phialides from tips or sides of hyphae or from conidia, with light brown to brown, roughened, subspherical venters 5–6 µm wide; each bearing a funnel-shaped collarette up to 5 µm long with a deep constriction &lt;2 µm wide at its base, expanding to 3–4 µm at its opening. Phialidic conidia not observed.</p><p>Hosts and distribution.</p><p>Collected from the bark of Nothofagus fusca in New Zealand, from a mixture with other sooty mold species, probably on insect honeydew (Hughes 1966).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Specimen DAOM 97302 a appears to be a split of the holotype specimen, PDD 24945. We could not obtain a sequence from DAOM 97302 a but morphologically, its capnocybe form is similar to M. ericophilum and M. spongiosum . Hughes (1966) distinguishes M. novae-zelandiae by the funnel-shaped collarettes of its phialides and by elliptical cells, strongly constricted at the septa in the penicillate hyphae of its synnema, compared with M. spongiosum with its nearly cylindrical collarettes in phialides, and cylindrical cells, only slightly constricted at the septa, in the penicillate hyphae of the synnema. These same characters distinguish M. novae-zelandiae from M. ericophilum .</p><p>Consistent with Hughes’ (1966) study, two different sexual forms can be found in the subiculum of the DAOM 97302 a but it is unclear which, if either, is the sexual form of M. novae-zelandiae . The specimen also bears many gemma-like, tight aggregations of highly branched hyphae, much as described by Hughes et al. (2012) for M. gemmiferum . One of the sexual forms in this collection resembles M. gemmiferum; however, it is not fully consistent with that species because longitudinal septations are rare in its ascospores.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F2B563561FB95E218E06594997CE4EB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
BF8F837B9EC55C198EFA62EB2C6D15CA.text	BF8F837B9EC55C198EFA62EB2C6D15CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodium pacificus (S. Hughes) Aliabadi & Berbee 2025	<div><p>Metacapnodium pacificus (S. Hughes) Aliabadi &amp; Berbee, 2025 comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 13</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>≡ Capnobotrys pacificus S. Hughes [as ‘ pacifica ’], New Zealand J. Bot. 19 (2): 218 (1981).</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>New Zealand • Wellington, Mt. Ruapehu, On leaves of Coprosma tenuifolia, Cheeseman, 11 Oct 1966, J. M. Dingley, Capnobotrys pacificus DAOM 117157 c a (ex type) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Subicula not observed, as the specimen was available as a microscopic slide. Mycelium of moniliform hyphae, olive-brown, finely to coarsely verrucose throughout, verrucosity most prominent at the hyphal tips. Hyphae straight to curved, with lateral branching, tapering toward the ends, cells subglobose, equal to or broader than long, to 18 μm wide, narrowing to 5 μm wide at the hyphal tips.</p><p>Sexual form unknown.</p><p>Asexual forms. Capnobotrys – Differentiated conidiophores not observed. Conidiogenous cells in botryose clusters, often on the concave underside of short 2–5 septate, lateral branches. Conidia olivaceous brown, initially globose, then ovoid to pyriform, approaching triangular due to narrowing from the proximal cell to the tip of the distal cell, sometimes inequilateral, bearing one, supramedial septum, proximal cells are broader than distal cells (Fig. 13 D). Conidia measured 10–12 × 7–8 µm, N = 14, Q = 1.4.</p><p>Capnophialophora – No capnophialophora observed in specimen.</p><p>Hosts and distribution.</p><p>On leaves of woody dicots, collected in New Zealand, Chile, Hawaii (Hughes 1981).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Hughes (1981): figs 19 N-R illustrate capnophialophora in DAOM 105684 b and DAOM 106093 d. Hughes (1981) reports that phialides, when present, have constrictions at the base of the collarette, distinguishing this species from the otherwise similar M. atro-olivaceus . Darker color, coarse warts on hyphal surfaces, and narrower hyphae distinguish M. pacificus from M. moniliforme (Hughes, 1981) and several other species with capnobotrys forms.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF8F837B9EC55C198EFA62EB2C6D15CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
2D0C91E23D0F50FB9786884EA1D68D24.text	2D0C91E23D0F50FB9786884EA1D68D24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodium spongiosum S. Hughes & Sivan.	<div><p>Metacapnodium spongiosum S. Hughes &amp; Sivan.</p><p>Fig. 14</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Usa • Oregon, Douglas County, Bureau of Land Management, North Myrtle Creek Research Natural Area, on stem of Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin, 27 Oct. 1997, Trappe, J., OSC 61673 ; • Oregon, Douglas County, Roseburg, from yard of Greg Sundquist; Plant Clinic No. 09-47, on Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin, 20 Jan. 2009, Raini Rippy, OSC 135428 .</p><p>GenBank accession number.</p><p>Collection OSC 135428, ITS, OR 532927.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Subicula black, superficial, and thick. Hoerl (1939) describes subicula as 13–19 mm thick, and illustrates one extending more than 12 cm over a branch.</p><p>Sexual form. Not observed.</p><p>Asexual forms. Capnocybe – Synnemata sparse throughout the subicula, hyphae loosely compacted at their bases. The stipe is composed of fasciculate hyphae that are closely compacted with somewhat ellipsoidal to cylindrical cells, branching in a penicillate manner towards the apex. Conidia ellipsoid with a conspicuous clear area at their tips, 1–5, mostly 3 – septate, dark brown. Conidia from OSC 135428, (30) – 35.8 – (38) + / – 3.0 × (9) – 10.85 – (12) + / – 1.3 µm, N = 20 (3 – septate); OSC 61673 (25) – 35 – (39) + / – 3.9 × (9) – 12 – (14) + / – 1.0 µm, N = 18 (3 – septate) 39–45 × 10.5–12 µm (4 – septate).</p><p>Capnophialophora – Phialides similar to M. ericophilum, collarettes subcylindrical rather than flaring.</p><p>Host and distribution.</p><p>USA, California and Oregon, on branches of conifers Calocedrus decurrens, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Hesperocyparis sargentii (Hughes 1981) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Hughes (1966) describes conidia of M. spongiosum as having from 1–5 septa, while conidia of M. novae-zelandiae are three, rarely two septate. In M. novae-zelandiae, the collarettes of the phialides are funnel-shaped and their bases narrow to 1.8–2.0 µm, not subcylindrical as in M. spongiosum (Hughes 1966) . Within the phylogenetic ITS tree, Metacapnodium spongiosum OSC 135428 appears as the sister to M. ericophilum, both of which have a capnocybe form. Hughes’ (1966) descriptions of M. spongiosum are based in part on specimens from the Mediterranean region. The Mediterranean specimens may be better identified as M. ericophilum, a species that Hughes considered a synonym of M. spongiosum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D0C91E23D0F50FB9786884EA1D68D24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
B0648159CDBD52099993A133B4EFB7A5.text	B0648159CDBD52099993A133B4EFB7A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodium stanhughesii Berbee & Aliabadi 2026	<div><p>Metacapnodium stanhughesii Berbee &amp; Aliabadi sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 15</p><p>Typification.</p><p>Canada • British Columbia Province, Vancouver, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.2529&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.26504" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.2529/lat 49.26504)">The University of British Columbia, 2075–2099 Main Mall</a>, 49.26504°N, 123.25290°W, on bark of Taxus sp., 2 July 2021, F. Aliabadi &amp; L. Le Renard (holotype: UBC F 35817) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Named in honor of mycologist Stanley J. Hughes.</p><p>GenBank accession numbers.</p><p>ITS, OR 532926; LSU, PP 140681; ef 1 - α, OR 820949.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Subicula dark brown to black, velutinous, thin, up to 2–4 mm thick, covering the bark of a trunk of Taxus sp. and intermingled with other sooty molds. Mycelium of moniliform hyphae, hyphae brown to dark brown, constricted at septa, surfaces finely verrucose throughout, cell wall thickness of 0.5–1 μm. Hyphae curved, straight, occasionally anastomosing, narrowing towards their tips. Cells usually broader than long, subglobose to doliiform, 13–21 × 10–16 μm, narrowing to 5–7 μm at hyphal tips.</p><p>Sexual form unknown.</p><p>Asexual forms. Capnobotrys – Differentiated conidiophores not observed. Conidiogenous cells in botryose clusters laterally or terminally on hyphal tips or at ends of short, 1–2 celled lateral branches, spherical, subspherical, ellipsoid, 3–10 × 3–9 μm, light brown to dark brown, bearing denticulate scars where successive conidia budded out, then seceded. Conidia brown to dark brown, smooth walled, initially subglobose, then ellipsoid or ovoid, occasionally cornute or allantoid, with a single median or supramedial septum, not or only slightly constricted at septa. Conidia (10) – 12.7 – (15) + / – 1.3 × (6) – 7.7 – (9) + / – 0.9 µm, N = 30, Q = 1.7. Proximal cells longer and wider than distal cells; proximal cell 7.0 + / - 0.9 × 7.7 + / - 0.8 µm; distal cell 5.7 + / - 0.9 × 7.0 + / - 0.7 µm. Proximal cell: distal cell length ratio, 1.3, width ratio 1.2. Proximal cells sometimes with inconspicuous oblique scar resulting from secession from diagonal attachment to a conidiogenous cell; apex of distal cells shows wall thinning, light in color, which sometimes protrudes slightly.</p><p>Capnophialophora – Phialides scanty, occasionally at hyphal tips, with a verruculose, brown, subspherical venter, 4–5 × 5 μm, bearing a funnel-shaped, pale brown collarette 2–3 μm long, with a narrow constriction at its base, 2.5–3 μm wide at its opening. No phialidic conidia observed.</p><p>Capnosporium – Branched, erect hyphae bear individual conidia at or near their tip cells. Capnosporium conidia ellipsoid, obclavate, mainly straight, occasionally curved, 2–6 septate, sessile, 19–21 × 8–10 μm (2 – septate), 27–34 × 8–12 μm (3 – septate), 33–42 (– 47) × 11–12 μm (4 – septate) μm.</p><p>Host and distribution.</p><p>Known only from a single collection on Taxus sp. in shaded, landscaped area next to Chemistry Building on University of British Columbia campus. The subiculum, first noticed by Ludovic Le Renard, changed little over five years.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Among the described Metacapnodium species, M. moniliforme is similar to M. stanhughesii in morphology. Phylogenetically, M. stanhughesii cannot be included in M. moniliforme because the ITS tree and the concatenated region tree show M. stanhughesii as branching outside of a clade consisting of M. neesii and M. moniliforme . Metacapnodium guava is also similar to M. stanhughesii in that it shares capnophialophora, capnobotrys, and capnosporium forms (Hughes, 1981). While the dimensions of conidia in M. stanhughesii fall between those of M. moniliforme and M. guava, M. stanhughesii (Fig. 15 E) and M. moniliforme (Fig. 10 I) exhibit cornute conidia with a slight point at one end, which were not seen in M. guava (Hughes, 1981) . Cornute and allantoid conidial morphology arise in Capnobotrys lechlerianus (Hughes and Seifert 2012), but the hyphal walls of Capnobotrys lechlerianus are smooth rather than verrucose as in M. stanhughesii and M. moniliforme . Hughes and Seifert (2012) used the absence of capnophialophora and capnosporium forms, and the smaller dimensions of conidia to distinguish Capnobotrys lechlerianus from the capnobotrys form of M. moniliforme (Hughes and Seifert 2012) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0648159CDBD52099993A133B4EFB7A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
AA2661F2617F5D738F7F50481025B015.text	AA2661F2617F5D738F7F50481025B015.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacapnodium vancouverensis Aliabadi & Berbee 2026	<div><p>Metacapnodium vancouverensis Aliabadi &amp; Berbee sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 16</p><p>Typification.</p><p>Canada • British Columbia Province, Vancouver, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.2534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.2664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.2534/lat 49.2664)">The University of British Columbia, 6246–6298 Agricultural Road</a> (49.2664°N, 123.2534°W), on leaves of Pieris japonica, 22 July 2021, F. Aliabadi (holotype: UBC F 35816) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet named after the city where the species was first found.</p><p>GenBank accession number.</p><p>ITS, OR 532925.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Subicula black, superficial in 2–3 mm, cushion – shaped patches and tufted mycelia on upper surfaces of leaves of Pieris japonica, intermingled with Fumiglobus pieridicola and other fungi (Fig. 16 A). Mycelia of moniliform hyphae. Hyphae blue green, turning to light brownish green when mature, smooth to finely verrucose throughout, fine warts most abundant at hyphal tips, constrictions at septa of the widest of the mature cells. Hyphae straight to curved, branching, then growing upwards, anastomosing, tapering towards their tips. Upright hyphae develop lateral branches of 60–100 μm. Mature cells usually broader than long, subglobose to doliiform, (10 –) 12–23 (– 27) μm wide and 10–18 (– 21) μm long, narrowing to 6–8 μm at hyphal tips (Fig. 16 B, C).</p><p>Sexual form unknown.</p><p>Asexual forms. Capnobotrys – Differentiated conidiophores not observed. Conidiogenous cells uniseriate or in clusters of 20–30 μm, often crowded on concave side of curved, downward pointing, 1–6 septate branches, globose, subglobose to ovoid, pale green to bright blue – green. Conidiogenous cells bud either terminally or laterally from hyphae. Conidia arise on new growing points that develop in succession on a conidiogenous cell. Conidia pyriform, allantoid, approaching triangular due to narrowing from the proximal cell to the tip of the distal cell, bearing a single supramedial septum, (9) – 11.5 – (4.5) + / – 1.3 × (7) – 8.4 – (10) + / – 0.9 μm, N = 30, Q = 1.4 (Fig. 16 E). Proximal cell 6.9 + / - 0.9 × 8.4 + / - 0.9 μm; distal cell 4.7 + / - 0.9 × 6.4 + / - 0.89 μm, ratio of proximal to distal cell length 1.5; ratio of proximal to distal cell width 1.3. Proximal cells sometimes with inconspicuous, oblique scar from secession from basal or diagonal attachment to its conidiogenous cell. Distal cell with an apical patch of thinner, paler wall that sometimes protrudes slightly.</p><p>Capnophialophora – Unknown.</p><p>Host and distribution.</p><p>Known only from Pieris japonica leaves, from landscape planting at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC Canada. Under a dissecting microscope, small subicula could be distinguished by their color from intermingled Fumiglobus pieridicola, a sooty mold in Capnodiales .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In ITS trees, M. vancouverensis does not group closely with other species. M. vancouverensis hyphae share unusually dark, brownish pigmentation with M. pacificus and M. atro-olivaceus but appears blue – green to olivaceous rather than dark olivaceous brown as in the other two species. Like M. pacificus, M. vancouverensis regularly produces conidia on the concave side of short, downward pointing lateral branches. Conidia in both species have an outline approaching a triangle, due to their relatively large width relative to length (low Q) and the tapering of the distal cell towards its tip. However, M. pacificus has narrower hyphae with denser verrucae. The specimens of M. atro-olivaceus and M. pacificus were from the 1960 ’ s and composed of dense mixtures of Metacapnodiaceae species, and it was not feasible to obtain sequences from them.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA2661F2617F5D738F7F50481025B015	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
7BCF3CE4E29E53E68CC0921469C6E648.text	7BCF3CE4E29E53E68CC0921469C6E648.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiocapnocoma phloiophilia (E. E. Fisher) S. Hughes	<div><p>Ophiocapnocoma phloiophilia (E. E. Fisher) S. Hughes</p><p>Fig. 18</p><p>Specimen examined.</p><p>Usa • Oregon, Douglas Co., Creek Research Natural Area, on Calocedrus decurrens stem, 27 Oct 1997, J. Trappe, OSC 61673 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Subicula dark brown to black, forming spongy cushions, up to 10 mm thick and up to 75 mm in diameter (Hughes 1967). Mycelium of moniliform, anastomosing, branched hyphae with deep constrictions at septa. Hyphae tapering towards their tips; brown to dark brown when mature, finely verrucose (not illustrated).</p><p>Sexual form. Perithecia superficial, scattered, subglobose and dark brown to black. Asci obclavate, 100–180 × 20–40 µm. Ascospores are ellipsoidal to fusiform, curved or straight, yellowish brown to brown, to 22 – septate, according to Hughes (1967), up to 15 septa found in OSC 61673.</p><p>Asexual forms. Hormiokrypsis – Conidiophores thick, robust, darker than somatic hyphae. Conidia are porospores, arising from a pore in the thickened distal cell wall at the tip of a conidiophore (not illustrated). Hormiokrypsis porospores are multiseptate and often consist of a main axis with one or two arms. They display a wide range of sizes and shapes. Developing porospores elongate from subglobose to ellipsoid, becoming obclavate while also developing transverse septa. Mature porospores consist of an obclavate, straight main axis comprising four to nine cells, and two, septate arms that originate from the supra – basal cell of the main axis and taper towards their tips. Basal cells somewhat hemispherical, up to 25 µm wide, main axis length up to 100 µm. Lateral arms perpendicular to, and generally shorter and narrower than, the main axis.</p><p>Capnophialophora – Phialides form on hyphae, on hormiokrypsis porospores and on ascospores.</p><p>Host and distribution.</p><p>Hughes (1967) reports this species from New Zealand, Australia, and Hawaii and western USA, growing on stems of various woody plants, often in mixtures of sooty mold species.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Ophiocapnocoma phloiophilia can be distinguished by its hormiokrypsis porospores, which are unique to this species. We were unsuccessful in separating O. phloiophilia for sequencing from among other, intermingled fungi present in specimen OSC 61673, which included M. spongiosum, described above. This leaves the phylogenetic relationship between Metacapnodium and Ophiocapnocoma unresolved.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7BCF3CE4E29E53E68CC0921469C6E648	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aliabadi, Faezeh;Le Renard, Ludovic;Berbee, Mary L.	Aliabadi, Faezeh, Le Renard, Ludovic, Berbee, Mary L. (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of the epiphytic sooty molds in family Metacapnodiaceae (class Eurotiomycetes, subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae). MycoKeys 129: 163-212, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.129.178067
