identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
85218795FF8FFF97FCD8FA64FC574ECC.text	85218795FF8FFF97FCD8FA64FC574ECC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tympanoterpes Stal 1861	<div><p>Tympanoterpes Stål, 1861</p><p>Type species: Cicada serricosta Germar, 1834 .</p><p>Included species: Tympanoterpes cordubensis Berg, 1884; Tympanoterpes elegans Berg, 1882; Tympanoterpes merganota sp. nov.; Tympanoterpes perpulchra (Stål, 1854); Tympanoterpes serricosta (Germar, 1834); Tympanoterpes virgulata Sanborn 2019; Tympanoterpes xanthogramma (Germar, 1834) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/85218795FF8FFF97FCD8FA64FC574ECC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Acosta, Riuler C.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Ruschel, Tatiana P., Acosta, Riuler C., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): A New Species of Tympanoterpes Stål, 1861 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Fidicinini) from Brazil Including Notes on Bioacoustics, Natural History, and Adult Behavior. Neotropical Entomology (110) 54 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-025-01313-2, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-025-01313-2
85218795FF8FFF92FCD8F97EFB474F76.text	85218795FF8FFF92FCD8F97EFB474F76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tympanoterpes merganota Ruschel & Acosta & Kaminski 2025	<div><p>Tympanoterpes merganota sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4).</p><p>Tympanoterpes sp.; Acosta et al. (2025): 1553, Figs. 4 b-c (illustration):1554, Fig. 5 K (illustration): 1555 (acoustic repertoire).</p><p>Type material. Holotype: male (Fig. 1a), “ Viamão, RS, Brasil / Parque Natural Municipal/Saint’Hilaire, 30°6′9.33″S, 51°/4′55.58″W, 11.XI.2021, 11 h, 23°C,/ 40 cm do solo, em arbusto./ Riuler Corrêa Acosta col.”// UFRGS /Coleção de Hemiptera/ 000100 (UFRG). Paratypes: 7 males, same data as the holotype// UFRGS /Coleção de Hemiptera/ 000101–000103, 000106–000109 (UFRG); 2 females (Fig. 1b), same data as the holotype// UFRGS /Coleção de Hemiptera/ 000104, 000105 (UFRG); male, “ Pedreira — SP / X.2022 / Lucas Leandro Barbosa col.”// MCTP/72,534 (MCTP); female, “ P. Grossa /12–39// DZUP/444,429 ” (DZUP); female “ Brasil, PR – Tijuca do/Sul – Morro do/ Araçatuba 1000-/ 1652 m 31.I.2012 / Grossi &amp; Santos leg.// DZUP/444,433 ” (DZUP); 2 males, 2 females, “ Maranduba, Uba-/tuba, SP 12/85/ Oliveira, M. G. col” (MZSP); 2 males, “ São Paulo / J. Bermar do/XI-27” (MZSP).</p><p>Type locality. Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name refers to the two slender marks between the parapsidal sutures of the submedian sigillae and the proximal sutures of the lateral sigillae, present in most specimens. The name is a combination of Latin merga-, a two-pronged pitchfork, and L. - nota, mark.</p><p>Proposed common names. Cigarra-do-vassoural (Portuguese), Brazilian shrub cicada (English), cicharra del matorral (Spanish).</p><p>Diagnosis. The species can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the body in total dark castaneous color in dorsal view with the green (or yellowish in dry-pinned specimens) lateral margins of mesonotum, and in most specimens, two slender green (or yellowish in dry-pinned specimens) marks between the parapsidal sutures of the submedian sigillae and the proximal sutures of the lateral sigillae reaching the anterior arms of cruciform elevation (Fig. 2a, b). This species has a similar morphology to Tympanoterpes serricosta and T. virgulata due to the male triangular operculum with a very concave posterior margin at the middle, and the shape of the uncus. In addition, T. serricosta and T. merganota sp. nov. present a dark mark in the lateral part of the pronotal collar. Tympanoterpes merganota sp. nov. can be distinguished from both species by the body color, the labium reaching the hind coxae, forewings with apical cells a1–a7 smoky, and the posterior margin of the lateral branch of uncus with a slender projection.</p><p>Color. Habitus dorsal: ocelli reddish, eyes castaneous; body covered by golden setae, dark castaneous, excepting by the green (or yellowish in dry-pinned specimens) lateral margin of mesonotum and the same color wing groove of thorax; two slender green (or yellowish in dry-pinned specimens) marks between the parapsidal sutures of the submedian sigillae and the proximal sutures of the lateral sigillae reaching the anterior arms of cruciform elevation are present in most specimens; anterior arms of cruciform elevation green, or yellow or castaneous in dry-pinned specimens (Figs. 1a, b, 2a, b). Habitus ventral: body pale castaneous covered by white setae and white wax; male operculum with the lateral margin and part of posterior margin dark castaneous, posterior margin and central surface pale castaneous (Fig. 1e); female operculum with the lateral margin dark castaneous (Fig. 1k); sternites III–VII marked in dark castaneous at middle; female tergite 9 with lateral margins dark castaneous and ventral margins pale castaneous covered by white setae (Fig. 1l, m); ovipositor sheath dark castaneous with golden setae. Wings mostly hyaline, the forewings with apical cells a1–a7 smoky; basal membrane grayish; basal cell hyaline; forewing veins vary in coloration in both dry-pinned and in nature specimens, with the distal veins castaneous and the proximal veins yellowish, or the proximal veins green, specifically cubitus posterior + anal vein 1 (CuP + 1 A), cubitus anterior (CuA), arculus (arc), median and the proximal part of the costal vein (C) (Figs. 1a, b, 2a, b). Males and females with wax on the ventral body (Fig. 1d, e, g).</p><p>Description. Head (Fig. 1c, d). Head, including eyes, broader than pronotum (except pronotal collar) and mesonotum, anterior margin of head convex; eyes projecting beyond the lateral margin of pronotal collar, but not surpassing the lateral angle; vertex at area of ocelli longer than front; ocelli reddish, the lateral ocelli widely separated, ocular tubercle undeveloped; supra–antennal plates not prominent relative to anterior margin of head; postclypeus apex slightly more prominent than anterior margin of head in dorsal view, postclypeus flat in lateral view and rectangular in ventral view, transversal grooves prominent; anteclypeus with ventral surface tumid, posterolateral flaps present; antennae with dark castaneous scape and pedicel, and flagellum lighter at apex; labium reaching the hind coxae, light castaneous and dark at the apex.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 1a, c). Pronotum about equal in width to mesonotum, lateral and sub-lateral lobes of pronotum with wrinkles, lateral part of pronotal collar straight with a dark mark, and visible in dorsal view, lateral angle of pronotal collar projected laterally, wider than the lateral margin of mesonotum. Mesonotum covering dorsal metanotum; lateral margin with an anterior protuberance; cruciform elevation swollen medially, posterior arms shorter than anterior arms, lateral regions flattened, posterior margin slightly arched; anterior basisternum-3 obtusely angled, not prominent relative to mesocoxae. Profemora armed with three spines, primary round at apex and leaning forward, secondary sharp and straight, apical straight and shorter than others; tarsi three segmented; hindcoxae with large inner protuberance. Forewings with eight apical cells, a1–a7 smoky, a2 more than the half-length of a1; median vein short, less than half of the length of the radius + subcostal veins; pterostigma present; hind wings with six apical cells (Fig. 1a). Male operculum (Fig. 1e) triangular with the posterior margin very concave at the middle exposing the tympanal cavity, short, not covering the auditory capsule or surpassing sternite I, lateral margin convex; meracanthus triangular and short, not reaching the posterior margin of operculum.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 1a). Male: subcylindrical, tergite 1 visible, not covered by the cruciform elevation; timbal cover (Fig. 1f) flat, not covering completely the timbal, apex rounded not reaching the lateral metascutellar plate, anteromedial margin straight, ventral anterior margin slightly concave (near the posterior margin of the operculum); timbal with two anterior slender ribs and a posterior wider rib; sternite VII (Fig. 1g) sub-triangular, the lateral margin concave, becoming convex toward the apex, the posterior margin emarginate; sternite VIII (Fig. 1g) ovoid with a dorsal ridge in midline.</p><p>Genitalia. Male (Fig. 1h–j): uncus with a prominent uncal dorsal crest; median uncus lobe undeveloped, convex and bud-like; lateral branches of uncus ventrally developed originating from below the median uncus lobe; internal margin forming the sub–rectangular ventral apophyses holding the aedeagus; lateral margin slightly straight forming with the posterior margin a convex angle laterally directed; posterior margin with a slender projection near the ventral apophyses; pygofer subcylindrical; the basal lobe short, distant from ventral apophyses, apex rounded, margin convex; theca and vesica developed like a long cylindrical tube; vesica originating from the theca apex, very long, about half of the theca length, and ornamented with cornuti at the middle third of the vesica.</p><p>Female. Operculum (Fig. 1k) triangular, meracanthus triangular, the apex reaching sternite III; tergite 9 (Fig. 1l, m) with ventral margins slightly sinuous, almost straight, becoming convex medially; ventral margins touching medially, with a lower rounded darkness area; dorsal beak of tergite 9 with the same length as anal styles and shorter than the ovipositor sheath; sternite VII (Fig. 1m) longer than wide with a convex lateral margin and posterior margin forming two convex lobes with an obtuse middle groove; ovipositor bearing five teeth.</p><p>Measurements (mm). N = 4 males, mean (range), 1 female. Length of body: males 14.27 (14.96–13.58), female 14.40; width of head including eyes: males 6.03 (6.24–5.84), female 5.88; length of the head: males 1.85 (1.96–1.80), female 1.80; width of pronotum including pronotal collar: 6.32 (6.45–6.22), female 6.20; length of pronotum including pronotal collar: males 2.44 (2.58–2.34), female 2.47; width of mesonotum: males 5.11 (5.25–4.95), female 4.96; length of mesonotum: males 3.64 (3.76–3.57), female 3.50; length of forewing: males 19.31 (20.12–18.46), female 18.87; width of forewing: males 7.06 (7.12–6.79), female 6.52; length of hindwings: males 10.26 (11.10–9.56), female 9.86; width of hindwings: males 4.22 (4.62–3.89), female 4.48.</p><p>Geographic distribution and habitat. This new species is currently endemic to Brazil, with records in the states of São Paulo, Paraná, and Rio Grande do Sul, corresponding to the Atlantic Forest and Pampa regions. The records cover different biogeographic provinces, such as Atlantic Forest, Araucaria Forest, Parana Forest, and Pampean province (Fig. 3, Online Resource 1). All records were in open areas with shrubs known locally as vassoural (Rambo 1956; Brack et al. 1998).</p><p>Phenology. From September to January, according to the dry-pinned specimens labels, considering that the first number in “12–89” and “12/85” from DZUP and MZSP labels, respectively, refers to December, which seems most likely. Records found on the iNaturalist platform are from September to December, with a single record for May and June (Online Resource 1).</p><p>Bioacoustics. The calling song (N = 7) consists of two parts (Fig. 4a). The first echeme, part A, is formed by syllables reminiscent of clicks, totalling 36.4 ± 14.4 (15–73) in all. This part of the signal lasts approximately 1.9 ± 0.7 (0.14–3.02) s. The second echeme, part B, is composed of an echeme lasting about 6.8 ± 3.5 (2.6–15.4) s, with peak frequency of the 8.8 ± 0.5 (8.1–10.8) kHz (Fig. 4b). The rate of syllables is 114.71 ± 10.70 (101–130) per second at 23°C.</p><p>The chorus signaling involves the continuous emission of the second part of the calling song (Fig. 4c). Additionally, there is an increase in amplitude in the second part. Its calling song is also in broad-range frequency, with F1 at 8.72 ± 0.4 (8.4–9.2) kHz, F2 at 15.87 ± 0.28 (15.5–16.2) kHz, and F3 at 22.52 ± 0.24 (22–22.8) kHz. It is noteworthy that F1 ranges between 7 and 10 kHz, with the most prominent value at 8.7 kHz.</p><p>The stress call (N = 7) consists of syllables lasting about 0.11 ± 0.08 (0.045–0.28) s (Fig. 4d). Each echeme contains 59 ± 36 (21–128) syllables. The stress call is like the calling song, but also exhibits broad-range frequency, with F1 at 8.32 ± 0.58 (7.8–8.9) kHz, F2 at 18.26 ± 1.49 (15.6–19.1) kHz, and F3 at 24.36 ± 0.81 (23.7–25.3) kHz (Fig. 4e).</p><p>The acoustic repertoire of the species was described before in Acosta et al. (2025).</p><p>Notes on natural history and adult behavior. Adults were most active between 8 a.m. and 1 p. m. During this period, individuals of both sexes were observed flying among small shrubs and resting on tree trunks.</p><p>Upon approach, both singing males and females typically retreated, descending to the ground and hiding in the grass (N = 4). When males were captured, they produced a highamplitude stress call, with spectral characteristics similar to the calling song of conspecific males.</p><p>During the calling song production, males may emit sounds with their heads oriented downward (Fig. 2d, Online Resource 3), although the most frequently observed posture in this species involves the head facing upward (Fig. 2c, Online Resources 4, 5 and 6). During the first part of the calling song, males retract the abdomen while producing brief “click” sounds (Online Resources 4, 5 and 6). The signal amplitude (in dB) varies, with the first part of the calling song having a higher amplitude, between 45 and 48 dB, followed by the second part, which ranges between 68 and 70 dB. During the second part, males partially open their wings and expand the abdomen (Fig. 2c, Online Resources 4, 5 and 6). The calling song is performed either individually or in chorus (gregarious behavior).</p><p>During chorus emission, which consists of the continuous production of the second part of the calling song, the signal was heard between 9 a.m. and 1 p. m., primarily during periods of greater sunlight exposure. This acoustic activity was not detected when cloud cover reduced sunlight incidence.</p><p>Males were observed producing signals on distinct plant species. In the PNMSH, they were observed producing signals on Disynaphia ligulifolia (Hook. &amp; Arn.) R. M. King &amp; H. Rob. ( Asteraceae) (Fig. 2f), while in the PEI, they were observed producing signals on Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. ( Asteraceae) (Fig. 2a).</p><p>A single copulation was observed in the PNMSH (Fig. 2e). During the process, a male emitted the calling song while positioned on D. ligulifolia . Within less than 1 min, a female appeared on the same plant. The male continued to emit the calling song until the female approached. Once the female reached the male, copulation occurred and lasted approximately 2 min. No acoustic signals were produced after the initial physical contact between the individuals. During copulation, the pair remained in an end-to-end position.</p><p>The calling song, copulation, and oviposition of the species were also recorded in Pedreira, São Paulo, Brazil (Barbosa 2021, 2024a, b). The calling song and the copulation position (Fig. 2g) were similar to those recorded in Viamão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. An oviposition event, on a Pterocaulon lanatum Kuntze ( Asteraceae) plant (Fig. 2i), was additionally recorded for the study (Fig. 2h, Online Resource 7) (Barbosa 2024b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/85218795FF8FFF92FCD8F97EFB474F76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ruschel, Tatiana P.;Acosta, Riuler C.;Kaminski, Lucas A.	Ruschel, Tatiana P., Acosta, Riuler C., Kaminski, Lucas A. (2025): A New Species of Tympanoterpes Stål, 1861 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Fidicinini) from Brazil Including Notes on Bioacoustics, Natural History, and Adult Behavior. Neotropical Entomology (110) 54 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-025-01313-2, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-025-01313-2
