identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A3CD73B967115E12B8910E9E06C313E4.text	A3CD73B967115E12B8910E9E06C313E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Longioculus Poinar, Gorochov & Buckley 2007	<div><p>Genus Longioculus Poinar, Gorochov &amp; Buckley, 2007</p><p>Type species. —</p><p>Longioculus burmensis Poinar, Gorochov &amp; Buckley, 2007</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A3CD73B967115E12B8910E9E06C313E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin;Husemann, Martin	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Husemann, Martin (2026): The first species of Parelcana and the second species of Longioculus (Orthoptera, Elcanidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Journal of Orthoptera Research 35 (1): 77-82, DOI: 10.3897/jor.35.154648
00801E5AE6275BFBBB39323AE265C94E.text	00801E5AE6275BFBBB39323AE265C94E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Longioculus poinari Schall & Husemann 2026	<div><p>Longioculus poinari sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4</p><p>Etymology. —</p><p>The species is named after George O. Poinar, who described the genus and first species of Longioculus and made many more contributions about prehistoric insects found in amber.</p><p>Locality and horizon. —</p><p>The specimen was included in amber found in Hkamti, Sagaing Division, Myanmar or Tanai, Kachin State Burma, Myanmar, two nearby amber mining locations. The amber from Hkamti is ca. 110 Ma, and the amber from Tanai is ca. 99 Ma old.</p><p>Holotype. —</p><p>Female. Specimen part of the LIB-Hamburg collection; collection number GPIH 07234 (ex. coll. Martin Husemann MH 0065) (Fig. 3). Syninclusions include several insect fragments and insects covered by other objects. Among these are two dipterans, one of which belongs to Nematocera Latreille, 1825, and a well-preserved mite. Some trichoms are also included. The amber piece appears rather dark due to many particles clouding the interior. Its measurements are 13.7 mm × 10 mm, and it weighs 1.15 g. The piece is in overall good condition but has some fragments broken off on the opposite margin of the specimen and should be handled with care.</p><p>Diagnosis. —</p><p>Forewing characters: 1 A, CuPb, and CuPaβ free. CuPaα fused with CuA + CuPaα. M with three branches. RP with nine branches. RA with 16 or more cross veins. Body characters: Proximal part of metatibia dorsally with denticles the same height as metatibia. Metatibial spurs leaf-like. Apically with four spine-like spurs, one small, two medium, one large. Metabasitarsus dorsally with smaller, ventrally with longer spines; dorsally less numerous than or equally as much as ventrally. Ovipositor sword shaped (Fig. 4).</p><p>Description. —</p><p>Completely preserved specimen with only parts of the antennae and ovipositor missing. Body length ca. 5.2–5.5 mm. Wings. Forewing 6.9 mm long. 1 A, CuPb, and CuPaβ free. CuPaα fused with CuA + CuPaα. MP with regularly spaced cross veins, one of them Y-shaped. M with three branches. RP with nine branches, no terminal bifurcation of any RP branch. Pterostigma present. Pterostigma area with cross veins (&gt; 16). Subcostal venation not visible. Hindwing 6.64 mm long (Fig. 4 A). Head. Antennal scapes large, same width as antennal cavities. Antennomeres with small spines, irregularly placed. Eyes strongly protruding, oval shaped, and much higher than wide. Eyes 0.94 mm high (ca. half of head height) (Fig. 4 C). Thorax. Pronotum 1.4 mm long (dorsally), elevated from thorax (Fig. 4 C). Prothoracic leg: Femur 1.6 mm long. Dense short hairs dorsally, few fine denticles / short hairs ventrally. Tibia ca. 1.4 mm long. Ventral spination starting at ca. half the length and increasing in size toward apex. Two apical large spines at a V-angle. Tarsus three-segmented. First tarsus looking like continuation of tibia, but without spines, except one or two large apical spines (perhaps again at V-angle). Second tarsal segment much shorter than first, bearing a lobe. Third tarsal segment ca. 70 % of first tarsal segment in length, slender. Claws missing (Fig. 4 C).</p><p>Mesothoracic leg: With some damage. Small spines present on femur and tibia. At least one large spine apically on tibia. Tarsus with hairs and two claws (Fig. 4 C). Metathoracic leg: Femur 3.56 mm long, 0.76 mm high. Tibia 3.51 mm long, much thinner than femur. Proximally with small denticles. Metatibial spurs leaf-like. Apical spurs spine-like, two small, two medium and one large one. Only basitarsus preserved (cut off at amber). Dorsally with smaller, ventrally with longer spines (Fig. 4 A – D).</p><p>Abdomen. One cercus preserved, straight, 0.78 mm long. A single hair near the cercus tip might be a detached appendage of the tip; however, no appendage was present in the holotype. Ovipositor broken off shortly after base, but apparently sword-shaped (general direction does not indicate a scythe-like curve) (Fig. 4 C).</p><p>Remarks. —</p><p>The new species is placed in the subfamily Archelcaninae based on its free 1 A, CuPb, and CuPaβ. It is attributed to the genus Longioculus based on the large protruding eyes, which are much higher than wide, RA with visible cross veins, the absence of wing spots, postero – lateral margin of pronotum without concave curve, and metatarsus with denticles and cerci not setulose. A detailed comparison of the known species of Archelcaninae from Kachin amber is provided in Table 1. The state of 1 A, CuPb, and CuPaβ is unknown in L. burmensis, but the genus can be assigned to the Archelcaninae based on the free state of these veins in the new species.</p><p>Poinar et al. (2007) described the forewing of L. burmensis with a stem of RP (orig. “ base of RS ”) between the third and fourth branch of RP (“ RA ”) (RP branches counted in the direction towards wing apex). In L. poinari, the position of the stem of RP is unsure; however, it is not further posterior than behind the ninth branch of RP as the area of the wing from there can be well seen. We estimate that the stem of RP in L. poinari is either be between MA 1 and RP 9 or RP 9 and RP 8. This position is much more in line with where the stem of RP can usually be found in the forewings of Elcanidae . It would be helpful if the type specimen of L. burmensis could be reviewed to confirm the position of the RP-stem in this species. Unfortunately, its whereabouts in the collection of R. Buckley are currently unknown.</p><p>Longioculus poinari differs from L. burmensis by not having seven circular light blotches on the dorsal surface of the pronotum and by the denticles on the proximal half of the metatibia being broader and more prominent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/00801E5AE6275BFBBB39323AE265C94E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin;Husemann, Martin	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Husemann, Martin (2026): The first species of Parelcana and the second species of Longioculus (Orthoptera, Elcanidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Journal of Orthoptera Research 35 (1): 77-82, DOI: 10.3897/jor.35.154648
0589AFE99A655D0DA82D03678C261BA6.text	0589AFE99A655D0DA82D03678C261BA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parelcana Handlirsch 1906	<div><p>Genus: Parelcana Handlirsch, 1906</p><p>Type species. —</p><p>Parelcana tenuis Handlirsch, 1906 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0589AFE99A655D0DA82D03678C261BA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin;Husemann, Martin	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Husemann, Martin (2026): The first species of Parelcana and the second species of Longioculus (Orthoptera, Elcanidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Journal of Orthoptera Research 35 (1): 77-82, DOI: 10.3897/jor.35.154648
0BB176E7E0BD51EB9DBAC188DA8F4828.text	0BB176E7E0BD51EB9DBAC188DA8F4828.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parelcana xena Schall & Husemann 2026	<div><p>Parelcana xena sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2</p><p>Etymology. —</p><p>Xena derives from the ancient Greek word “ξένος” for “strange.” It alludes to the unusual morphology of the type specimen’s CuA + CuPaα, probably an individual aberration.</p><p>Locality and horizon. —</p><p>The specimen was included in amber found in Hkamti, Sagaing Division, Myanmar or Tanai, Kachin State Burma, Myanmar, two nearby amber mining locations. The amber from Hkamti is ca. 110 Ma, and the amber from Tanai is ca. 99 Ma old.</p><p>Holotype. —</p><p>Sex unknown. The specimen is part of the LIB-Hamburg collection, collection number GPIH 07233 (ex coll. Martin Husemann MH 0051) (Fig. 1). The amber piece containing the specimen has some syninclusions, including tiny beetles and fragments of larger unspecified invertebrates. It is relatively transparent. Measurements are 31.4 mm × 24 mm, and weight is 1.59 g. The amber is in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis —</p><p>Tegminal M with four branches. Stem of RP just posterior of second MA 1 branch. RP with six to seven branches. RA with numerous comb-like cross veins. ScP with four secondary branches and ScA with two secondary branches. Two wing spots present, the anterior of which is distinctly larger than the posterior (Fig. 2 A, B).</p><p>Description. —</p><p>Preserved are the wings, the pro- and the mesothoracic leg. The rest of the body appears to have dissolved. Prothoracic leg. Femur 2.5 mm long, same as tibia. First tarsal segment 0.85 mm, second 0.07 mm, third 0.4 mm (not including claws). Femur dorsally with evenly spaced short hairs, ventrally and on the surface with finer and far more abundant hairs. Subapically with a cuspidal lobe. Tibia thinner than femur, with similar “ hair pattern ” as on femur, but dorsal hairs slightly more frequent and prominent, here interspersed with finer hairs. Apically with two large spines. First tarsal segment dorsally with short hairs. Third tarsal segment with two long claws (0.27 mm long); arolium absent. Mesothoracic leg. Tibia 2.6 mm. Femur approximately same length, but exact scale obscured by object in the amber. First tarsal segment 0.87 mm, second 0.17 mm, third (as preserved, with distal part / claws missing) 0.67 mm. Hair pattern of femur and tibia inversed to prothoracic leg (evenly spaced short hairs on ventral side of femur etc.). Femur without subapical cuspidal lobe. Tibia without long apical spines. First tarsal segment dorsally with short hairs. Apically with three claw-like spines. Second tarsal segment with cuspidal lobe bearing short hairs. Third tarsal segment with short hairs, more evenly spaced than on first tarsal segment and cuspidal lobe of second tarsal segment (Fig. 2 C). Wings. The wings of the species show two dark wing spots, the anterior one being noticeably larger than the posterior one. Anterior wing spot 1.4 mm in diameter. Posterior wing spot 0.84 mm in diameter. The spots appear to be located on the hindwing. However, this cannot be said for certain due to the strong wing overlap (Fig. 2 A). Forewing. Ca. 12.6 mm long (with most distal part reconstructed). CuPb and CuPaβ free. CuPaα fused with free CuA. M with four branches, all of them anterior to stem of RP. RP with six to seven branches. Pterostigma present, area with numerous cross veins (&gt; 14). ScP with 5 branches. ScA and CP each with three branches (Fig. 2 B).</p><p>Hindwing. Slightly shorter and of slightly less height than forewing. Venation pattern unsure because mostly overlapped by the forewing.</p><p>Remarks. —</p><p>The new specimen is attributed to the subfamily Archelcaninae based on the tegminal veins 1 A, CuPb, and CuPaβ reaching the anterior wing margin independently. It is assigned to Parelcana because of its morphology of CuPaα fused with free CuA (Gu et al. 2020) and the very short, nearly vertical CuA (Tian et al. 2019). The four branches of M anterior of the RP stem clearly separate it from Cascadelcana Fang, Muscente, Heads, Wang &amp; Xiao, 2018, where there are only two branches of M anterior of the RP stem. In Parelcana, there are usually three branches of M anterior of the RP stem; however, we think that the four branches in P. xena are likely due to intraspecific variation, especially because the RP stem is very close to the posterior MA 1. The position of the RP stem in relation to the branches of M was proposed as an important diagnostic character by Gorochov et al. (2006). However, in rare instances where the intraspecific variability in Elcanidae was able to be analyzed (Zessin 1987, Tian et al. 2019), it was indicated that the RP stem may be somewhat variable in its position. For example, the RP stem was located posterior of the anterior MA 1 in three specimens of Parelcana pulchmacula, but right below the anterior MA 1 in a fourth specimen (CNU-ORT-NN 2016042). Zessin (1987), who studied dozens of specimens of Jurassic Elcanidae from Germany, noted that “ the proximal beginning of RP in relation to its position to MA 1 [= MA 2] is subject of considerable variation within the same species ( E. minima) [now Panorpidium minimum (Handlirsch, 1906)] already ” (translated from German). Indeed, this variation is clearly visible in several of the specimens depicted in Zessin (1987) in, for example, figs 23, 25.</p><p>The newly described holotype specimen of P. xena is characterized by CuA + CuPaα of the forewing very short and fused to MP, which is most unusual and not known from any described Elcanidae . It is likely that this morphology can be interpreted as another occurrence of individual aberration. In Jeholecana yanensis Fang, Heads, Wang, Zhang &amp; Wang, 2018 from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China, CuPaβ is fused to CuA + CuPaα in a similarly unique way. Fang et al. (2018) considered this as sufficient for generic separation, but Gu et al. (2020) found the same state in one of six specimens of Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonnikov, 1913, stating that this strongly indicated individual variation.</p><p>Among its congeners, Parelcana xena shares similarities to the type species P. tenuis . Both species have six branches of RP, nearly the same number of ScP branches (four in P. tenuis and five in P. xena), and they are also of similar size (holotype (forewing) of P. tenuis ca. 14 mm long (Zessin, 1987); holotype (forewing) of P. xena ca. 12.6 mm long). Aside from the great temporal (ca. 80 Ma) and spatial (Germany vs. Myanmar) distance, P. tenuis differs from P. xena in the morphology of the anal veins, which are more numerous in P. tenuis (three longitudinal veins below 1 A vs. none in P. xena). The new species differs from P. pulchmacula Tian, Gu, Yin &amp; Ren, 2019 from the middle Jurassic of China by being smaller (holotype (forewing) of P. pulchmacula 18.4 mm long (Tian et al. 2019)) and having no color pattern of the wing aside from the two spots. Although the wing spots of P. xena may be located on the hindwings (which are not known for P. pulchmacula), the forewing of the Chinese species shows clear sings of the abstract color pattern present in many Jurassic elcanids such as Archelcana numbergerae Heads, Thuy &amp; Tamarri, 2022 . This abstract color pattern is not present in P. xena .</p><p>The taxonomy of P. dubia Handlirsch, 1939 and P. anglicana Handlirsch, 1939 is problematic. In P. dubia, important diagnostic characters for subfamily and generic diagnosis are missing. Parelcana anglicana may be closer to Archelcana Sharov, 1968 based on its CuPaα fused with CuA + CuPaα (Handlirsch 1939).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0BB176E7E0BD51EB9DBAC188DA8F4828	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin;Husemann, Martin	Schall, Ole-Kristian Odin, Husemann, Martin (2026): The first species of Parelcana and the second species of Longioculus (Orthoptera, Elcanidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Journal of Orthoptera Research 35 (1): 77-82, DOI: 10.3897/jor.35.154648
