identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6C7586A67E0552BBB26B2287DCA63487.text	6C7586A67E0552BBB26B2287DCA63487.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladopolynoe jiaolongae (Han, Zhou, Chen & Wang 2023)	<div><p>Cladopolynoe jiaolongae (Han, Zhou, Chen &amp; Wang, 2023)</p><p>Figs 2, 3</p><p>Branchinotogluma jiaolongae Han, Zhou, Chen &amp; Wang, 2023: fig. 5.</p><p>Cladopolynoe jiaolongae — Hiley et al. 2024: 21.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Indian Ocean • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.4225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.4225/lat -11.416)">Onnuri</a>; 11°24.96'S, 66°25.35'E; depth 2009 m; 1 Apr. 2023; collected by W-K Lee; hydrothermal vent; KRIBB 314001–2 • 5 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 undetermined; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.448&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.327333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.448/lat -11.327333)">Saero</a>; 11°19.64'S, 66°26.88'E; depth 3273 m; 6 May 2024; collected by W-K Lee; hydrothermal vent; KRIBB 314003–10 .</p><p>Diagnosis (emended).</p><p>Cladopolynoe found in CR, CIR, and SWIR. Ten pairs of elytra. Elytra oval to subreniform. Prostomium bilobed; paired tapering palps; lateral antennae absent; median antenna with cylindrical ceratophore in anterior notch; frontal filaments present. Pharynx with three dorsal and two ventral papillae. Two pairs of dorsal and ventral jaws, each with numerous teeth on inner border. Notopodia with arborescent branchiae in two groups, starting on segment 3 and continuing to segment 16, 18, or posterior end. Notochaetae with two rows of spines. Males with four pairs of long ventral papillae on segments 12–15 and two pairs of rounded ventral lamellae on segments 16–17. Females with five pairs of small, round ventral papillae on segments 11–15, ventral lamellae absent.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Body, fusiform and flattened with 21 segments, 5.8–27.0 mm in length and 3.0–14.0 mm in width (Fig. 2 A – D). Elytra 10 pairs, present on dorsal side of segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19, fully covering dorsum; shape oval or subreniform, smooth with branching veins (Fig. 2 E). Dorsal cirri on non-elytragerous segments; long, extending beyond the neurochaetae; dorsal cirrophore cylindrical, slightly swollen (Figs 2 C, 3 A).</p><p>Prostomium oval, deeply bilobed (Fig. 3 A). Anterior lobes subtriangular, with tapering frontal filaments; lateral antennae absent; median antenna inserted in anterior notch, tapering distally (Fig. 3 A). Eyes absent. One pair of palps, stout and tapering distally (Fig. 3 A). First segment fused to prostomium; two pairs of tentacular cirri, slender and tapering distally (Fig. 3 A). Second segment, first biramous parapodia with first pair of elytra and bracts; ventral cirri longer than those in following segments (Fig. 2 B, D). Mouth located ventrally, between first and second segments (Fig. 2 B, D); pharynx with three dorsal and two ventral papillae (Fig. 3 B); two pairs of jaws, each with numerous teeth on the inner border (Fig. 3 B).</p><p>Parapodia biramous, from second to last segments. Branchiae present from segment 3 to 16, 18 or 21; arborescent form, in two clusters, one on lateral side of dorsal tubercle or elytrophore and other on base of dorsal cirri or the notopodia (Fig. 3 C, D, J, K). Notopodia smaller than neuropodia; notochaetae thicker than neurochaetae, in radiating bundles (Fig. 3 E, G – I). Neuropodia with triangular prechaetal lobe, rounded postchaetal lobe; neurochaetae numerous, in fan-shaped bundles (Fig. 3 F, G – I). Pygidium rectangular, with long, slender anal cirri (Fig. 3 L, M).</p><p>Sexual dimorphism present. In males, posterior segments modified; elytrophore and elytra on segment 19 small; branchiae present on segments 3 to 16 or 18; four pairs of ventral papillae, tapering with slender tips, positioned on segments 12–15; two pairs of ventral lamellae, round, positioned on segments 16 and 17 (Fig. 3 J, L). In females, branchiae present on segments 3–21; five pairs of ventral papillae, tiny, round, present on segments 11–15; ventral lamellae absent (Fig. 3 M).</p><p>DNA barcoding.</p><p>Ten new COI barcodes (586 bp; Table 1) were generated from the C. jiaolongae specimens collected at the nCIR and compared to sequences from the SWIR (N = 2; GenBank accession nos OQ 784747 and OQ 784749) and CR (N = 1; GenBank accession no. OQ 784755). Intra-population variation was 0.00–0.34 % for the nCIR population and 0.51 % for the SWIR population (Suppl. material 1: table SS 1). The inter-population divergence across all three regions was remarkably low at 0.20–0.31 %. These values are substantially lower than the interspecific divergences within Cladopolynoe of 16.32–20.62 %, indicating that COI barcodes can effectively discriminate species within this genus according to the barcoding threshold (Hebert et al. 2003) (Suppl. material 1: table S 2).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Cladopolynoe jiaolongae has previously been recorded from the CR in the northern Indian Ocean and the SWIR in the south, two regions separated by approximately 6500 km along the ridge system (Han et al. 2023). In this study, we provide the first record of C. jiaolongae from the nCIR, effectively filling the distributional gap between the SWIR and CR populations.</p><p>Morphologically, the nCIR specimens generally correspond to the original description (Han et al. 2023). However, variation in the position of the last segment bearing branchiae was observed in the nCIR population. An emendation to the species diagnosis based on Han et al. (2023) is made to include specimens observed for this study with a smaller minimum number of branchiae (14 pairs, terminating on segment 16, instead of segment 21). Additionally, photographic data of elytral pairs from anterior to posterior are provided for the first time, fully characterizing elytral morphology, including their oval to subreniform shape and smooth surface.</p><p>Regarding molecular divergence, C. jiaolongae populations exhibited no significant genetic barriers, with COI barcode variation remaining within the intraspecific range (0.00–0.51 %), far below the interspecific divergence of genus Cladopolynoe (16.32–20.62 %).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indian Ocean: Tiancheng vent field on the northern SWIR; Saero and Onnuri vent fields on the nCIR; Wocan vent field on the CR.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6C7586A67E0552BBB26B2287DCA63487	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Won-Kyung;Kim, Se-Joo	Lee, Won-Kyung, Kim, Se-Joo (2026): New records of three vent-endemic scale worms (Annelida, Polynoidae) from the northern Central Indian Ridge fill regional distributional gaps. ZooKeys 1287: 273-289, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1287.198002
56AF02E644E0545DAB0624E38EB92700.text	56AF02E644E0545DAB0624E38EB92700.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Photinopolynoe kaireiensis (Han, Zhou, Chen & Wang 2023)	<div><p>Photinopolynoe kaireiensis (Han, Zhou, Chen &amp; Wang, 2023)</p><p>Figs 4, 5</p><p>Branchinotogluma kaireiensis Han, Zhou, Chen &amp; Wang, 2023: fig. 4.</p><p>Photinopolynoe kaireiensis — Hiley et al. 2024: 23.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Indian Ocean • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=67.29833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.531167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 67.29833/lat -15.531167)">Maru</a>; 15°31.87'S, 67°17.90'E; depth 2256 m; 1 May 2024; collected by W-K Lee; hydrothermal vent; KRIBB 315001–2 • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.126335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.618167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.126335/lat -12.618167)">Cheoeum</a>; 12°37.09'S, 66°7.58'E; depth 3038 m; 3 May 2024; collected by W-K Lee; hydrothermal vent; KRIBB 315003 • 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 2 undetermined; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.423836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.415167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.423836/lat -11.415167)">Onnuri</a>; 11°24.91'S, 66°25.43'E; depth 2013 m; 5 May 2024; collected by W-K Lee; hydrothermal vent; KRIBB 315004–9 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.448&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.3275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.448/lat -11.3275)">Saero</a>; 11°19.65'S, 66°26.88'E; depth 3267 m; 6 May 2024; collected by W-K Lee; hydrothermal vent; KRIBB 315010–12 • 1 ♂, 4 ♀, 1 undetermined; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.67667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.816" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.67667/lat -9.816)">Onbada</a>; 9°48.96'S, 66°40.60'E; depth 2532 m; 7 May 2024; collected by W-K Lee; hydrothermal vent; KRIBB 315013–18 .</p><p>Diagnosis (emended).</p><p>Photinopolynoe found in CIR and SWIR. Ten pairs of elytra. Elytra oval to subreniform; smooth. Prostomium bilobed; paired tapering palps; lateral antennae absent; median antenna with cylindrical ceratophore in anterior notch; frontal filaments present. Pharynx with a pair of rounded processes at the lateral sides and five dorsal and four ventral papillae. Two pairs of dorsal and ventral jaws each with ca 30 teeth on the inner border. Notopodia with arborescent branchiae; present in 2 groups; starting on segment 3 and continuing to segment 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21. Males with four pairs of long ventral papillae on segments 12–15 and two pairs of ventral lamellae on segments 16–17. Females with seven pairs of ventral papillae on segments 11–17. Females without ventral lamellae.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Body, fusiform and flattened with 21 segments, 10.3–41.0 mm in length and 6.0–18.0 mm in width (Fig. 4 A – D). Elytra 10 pairs, present on dorsal side of segments, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19, fully covering dorsum; shape oval or subreniform, smooth with branching veins (Fig. 4 E – G). Dorsal cirri on non-elytragerous segments; long, extending toward the tip of neurochaetae; dorsal cirrophore cylindrical (Figs 4 D, 5 E).</p><p>Prostomium oval, deeply bilobed (Fig. 5 A). Anterior lobes subtriangular, with tapering frontal filaments; lateral antennae absent; median antenna inserted in anterior notch, tapering distally (Fig. 5 A). Eyes absent. One pair of palps, stout and tapering, with short tip distally (Fig. 5 A). First segment fused to prostomium; two pairs of tentacular cirri, slender and tapering distally with thin tips (Fig. 5 A). Second segment, first biramous parapodia with first pair of elytra; ventral cirri longer than those in following segments (Fig. 5 C). Mouth located ventrally, between first and second segments (Fig. 4 B, D); pharynx with a pair of rounded processes at lateral bases, with five dorsal and four ventral papillae (Figs 4 B, 4 D, 5 B); two pairs of jaws each with ca 30 teeth on the inner border (Fig. 5 B).</p><p>Parapodia biramous, from second to the last segments. Branchiae present from segment 3 to 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21; arborescent form, in two clusters, one on the lateral of dorsal tubercle or elytrophore and the other on base of dorsal cirri or the notopodia (Fig. 5 D, E). Notopodia smaller than neuropodia; notochaetae thicker than neurochaetae, in radiating bundles. Neuropodia with triangular prechaetal lobe, rounded postchaetal lobe; neurochaetae thin and numerous, in fan-shaped bundles (Fig. 5 C – G). Pygidium round with long and slender anal cirri (Fig. 5 J, K).</p><p>Sexual dimorphism present. In males, parapodia of segment 18–21 reduced; elytrophore and elytra on segment 19 small; four pairs of ventral papillae positioned on segments 12–15, well developed with slender tips; two pairs of ventral lamellae, positioned on segments 16 and 17, round (Fig. 5 H, J). In females, 7 pairs of ventral papillae positioned on segments 11–17, short and blunt, ventral lamellae absent (Fig. 5 I, K). Three copepods were found under the elytra, between parapodia in one of the specimens (Fig. 5 L, M).</p><p>DNA barcoding.</p><p>Eighteen new COI barcodes (579 bp; Table 1) were generated from the P. kaireiensis specimens collected at the nCIR and compared to sequences from the sCIR (N = 3; GenBank accession nos OQ 784744 – OQ 784746) and CR (N = 1; GenBank accession no. OQ 784758). Intra-population variation was 0.00–1.21 % for the nCIR population and 0.17–1.55 % for the sCIR population (Suppl. material 1: table S 3). The inter-population divergence across all three regions was low at 0.37–1.09 %. These values are substantially lower than the interspecific divergences within Photinopolynoe of 7.77–21.97 %, indicating that COI barcodes can effectively discriminate species within this genus according to the barcoding threshold (Hebert et al. 2003) (Suppl. material 1: table S 4).</p><p>Remarks. Photinopolynoe kaireiensis has previously been recorded from the sCIR and the CR in the Indian Ocean (Han et al. 2023). In this study, we provide the first record of this species from the nCIR, effectively filling the distributional gap between the sCIR and CR populations, which are separated by approximately 4000 km along the ridge system.</p><p>Morphologically, we observed a notable discrepancy in the number of pharyngeal papillae compared to the original description by Han et al. (2023). While they reported three dorsal and two ventral papillae from the sCIR population based on the specimen with dissected pharynx (Han et al. 2023: fig. 4 G), our specimens from the nCIR consistently exhibited five dorsal and four ventral papillae, clearly observed from naturally everted pharynx (Fig. 5 B). Because pharyngeal papillae are observed with greater accuracy and clarity when the pharynx is everted, the lower counts in the original description likely stemmed from the technical difficulties of observing an inverted, dissected structure. Given that the number of pharyngeal papillae is a stable diagnostic character in Polynoidae with rare intraspecific variation (Hiley et al. 2024), we consider these differences to be an artifact of observational methods rather than interpopulation variation. Therefore, an emendation of the species diagnosis by Han et al. (2023) is provided here to reflect this more accurate morphological characterisation. Additionally, photographic data of elytral pairs from anterior to posterior are provided for the first time, fully characterising elytral morphology, including their oval to subreniform shape and smooth surface.</p><p>Regarding molecular divergence, P. kaireiensis populations exhibited no significant genetic barriers, with COI sequence variation remaining within the intraspecific range (0.00–1.55 %), far below the interspecific divergence of genus Photinopolynoe (7.77–21.97 %).</p><p>Additionally, one specimen from the nCIR population was found with copepods between the parapodia beneath the elytra (Fig. 5 L, M). While symbiotic relationships between polynoids and copepods have previously been documented (Leigh-Sharpe 1926; Stock 1996; Boxshall et al. 2019), the ecological relationship of vent-endemic P. kaireiensis and observed copepods remains unclear.</p><p>Distribution. Indian Ocean: Kairei vent field on the southern CIR; Onbada, Saero, Onnuri, Cheoeum, and Maru vent fields on the nCIR; Wocan vent field on the CR.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/56AF02E644E0545DAB0624E38EB92700	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Won-Kyung;Kim, Se-Joo	Lee, Won-Kyung, Kim, Se-Joo (2026): New records of three vent-endemic scale worms (Annelida, Polynoidae) from the northern Central Indian Ridge fill regional distributional gaps. ZooKeys 1287: 273-289, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1287.198002
44F3173364E351CC8057A55D27D4A8AF.text	44F3173364E351CC8057A55D27D4A8AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Themis longqiensis (Han, Zhou, Chen & Wang 2023)	<div><p>Themis longqiensis (Han, Zhou, Chen &amp; Wang, 2023)</p><p>Figs 6, 7</p><p>Levensteiniella longqiensis Han, Zhou, Chen &amp; Wang, 2023: 6, fig. 3.</p><p>Themis longqiensis — Hiley et al. 2024: 25.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Indian Ocean • 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.698166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.790167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.698166/lat -9.790167)">Onnare</a>; 9°47.41'S, 66°41.89'E; depth 2991 m; 3 Apr. 2023; collected by W-K Lee; hydrothermal vent; KRIBB 316001 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.677&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.815" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.677/lat -9.815)">Onbada</a>; 9°48.90'S, 66°40.62'E; depth 2563 m; 4 Apr. 2023; collected by W-K Lee; hydrothermal vent; KRIBB 316002–3 .</p><p>Diagnosis (emended).</p><p>Themis found in SWIR and CIR, with 25 segments and 11 pairs of elytrophores. Prostomium bilobed; paired tapering palps; lateral antennae absent; median antenna with cylindrical ceratophore in anterior notch, frontal filaments present. Two pairs of dorsal and ventral jaws, smooth, without teeth. Notochaetae stout, with serrated distal parts and pointed tips, covered with polymetallic sulfide. Neurochaetae long and slender, with two rows of widely spaced acicular spines and hooked tip. Males with two pairs of long ventral papillae on segments 11–12, ventral papillae on segment 12 spiraled at the distal tip. Females without ventral papillae.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Body, fusiform and flattened with 25 segments, 13.9 mm in length and 4.1 mm in width (Fig. 6 C, D). Elytra missing, elytrophores on segments, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21 (Fig. 6 C). Dorsal cirri on non-elytragerous segments; long, extending beyond notochaetae (Figs 6 C, 7 C).</p><p>Prostomium oval, deeply bilobed (Fig. 6 E). Anterior lobes subtriangular, with long frontal filaments; lateral antennae absent; median antenna, conical and tapering distally, inserted in anterior notch (Fig. 6 E). Eyes absent. One pair of palps, stout, tapering, with thin tip distally (Fig. 6 E, F). First segment fused to prostomium; two pairs of tentacular cirri slender and tapering distally with thin tips (Fig. 6 E, F). Second segment, with first biramous parapodia and first pair of elytra; ventral cirri longer than those in following segments (Figs 6 F, 7 A). Mouth located ventrally, between first and second segments (Fig. 6 F); two pairs of jaws, smooth, without teeth.</p><p>Parapodia biramous, from second to the posteriormost segments. Notopodia smaller than neuropodia; notochaetae in radiating bundles, stout, thicker than neurochaetae, serrated in distal part, covered with thick polymetallic sulfide at the tip (Fig. 7 A – D). Neuropodia with acicular prechaetal lobe, rounded postchaetal lobe; neurochaetae in fan-shaped bundles, long and slender, numerous, with two rows of widely spaced acicular spines and hooked tip, some covered with a thin layer of polymetallic sulfide (Fig. 7 A – C, E). Pygidium round with long and slender anal cirri (Fig. 6 H). Branchiae absent. Ventral lamellae absent.</p><p>Sexual dimorphism present. In males, two pairs of elongate, tapering ventral papillae positioned on segments 11 and 12, ventral papillae on segment 12 spiraled at distal tip (Fig. 6 G). In females, ventral papillae absent.</p><p>DNA barcoding.</p><p>Three new COI barcodes (606 bp; Table 1) were generated from the T. longqiensis specimens collected at the nCIR and compared to sequences from the SWIR (N = 2; GenBank accession nos OQ 784752 and OQ 784753). Intra-population variation was 0.00–0.33 % for the nCIR population and 0.99 % for the SWIR population (Suppl. material 1: table S 5). The inter-population divergence between the SWIR and nCIR populations was low at 0.61 %. These values are substantially lower than the interspecific divergences within Themis of 12.59–24.47 %, indicating that COI barcodes can effectively discriminate species within this genus according to the barcoding threshold (Hebert et al. 2003) (Suppl. material 1: table S 6).</p><p>Remarks. Themis longqiensis has previously been recorded only from the SWIR (Han et al. 2023). In this study, we provide the first record of T. longqiensis from Onnare and Onbada vent fields, expanding its distribution to the nCIR. Compared to other hydrothermal vent organisms, the adults of this species are relatively small (approximately 1 cm) and fragile, making them prone to being overlooked during surveys.</p><p>Morphologically, the specimens obtained from the nCIR are more complete than those in the original description (Han et al. 2023). Therefore, an emendation of species diagnosis by Han et al. (2023) is provided here to reflect the improved description of T. longqiensis, including details on the number of segments, the number of elytrophores, and the morphology of the pygidium and anal cirri (Fig. 6). Furthermore, sexual dimorphism was fully documented and photographed for the first time (Fig. 6 G, H). Specifically, the presence of long ventral papillae in males, previously only partially described due to the truncated nature of the original specimens, was confirmed. In females, the absence of ventral papillae was also verified, resolving the uncertainty in the original description (Han et al. 2023). Despite these additions, the morphology of the elytra remains unknown, due to their small size and tendency to detach during sampling.</p><p>Regarding molecular divergence, T. longqiensis populations exhibited no significant genetic barriers, with COI sequence variation remaining within the intraspecific range (0.00–1.32 %). However, as the number of individuals analyzed remains small, further studies involving additional specimens from the nCIR, SWIR, and intermediate regions (such as the sCIR) are necessary to fully characterize the genetic diversity and population structure of this species.</p><p>Distribution. Indian Ocean: Longqi vent field on the southern SWIR; Onnare and Onbada vent fields on the nCIR.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/44F3173364E351CC8057A55D27D4A8AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Lee, Won-Kyung;Kim, Se-Joo	Lee, Won-Kyung, Kim, Se-Joo (2026): New records of three vent-endemic scale worms (Annelida, Polynoidae) from the northern Central Indian Ridge fill regional distributional gaps. ZooKeys 1287: 273-289, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1287.198002
