taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
42EBFCF6F5215B81A82AD6122E24F14C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1709957	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.277.188891.figure3	Figure 3. Xylopia rubrolineata (XY-peruviana clade). A. Cauliflory, Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 12 October 2011, R. Hoyer; B. Flower at anthesis, apical view, Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 12 October 2011, R. Hoyer; C. Fruit on trunk, Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 19 August 2025, M. Z. Ferreira; D. Inflorescence on trunk, showing dehisced monocarp and seeds, and flower buds, Cristalino Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 12 August 2022, S. Freire. Photographs used under the terms of the Creative Commons license for iNaturalist.	Figure 3. Xylopia rubrolineata (XY-peruviana clade). A. Cauliflory, Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 12 October 2011, R. Hoyer; B. Flower at anthesis, apical view, Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 12 October 2011, R. Hoyer; C. Fruit on trunk, Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 19 August 2025, M. Z. Ferreira; D. Inflorescence on trunk, showing dehisced monocarp and seeds, and flower buds, Cristalino Lodge, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 12 August 2022, S. Freire. Photographs used under the terms of the Creative Commons license for iNaturalist.	2026-07-07	Vaughn, Morgan;Harper, Dekon;Reiter, Lexi;Dodds, Elizabeth;Murray, Nancy A.;Floyd, Keegan;Stull, Gregory W.;Johnson, David M.		Zenodo	biologists	Vaughn, Morgan;Harper, Dekon;Reiter, Lexi;Dodds, Elizabeth;Murray, Nancy A.;Floyd, Keegan;Stull, Gregory W.;Johnson, David M.			
42EBFCF6F5215B81A82AD6122E24F14C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1709958	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.277.188891.figure4	Figure 4. Xylopia rubrolineata. A. Flower bud; B. Flower bud showing cauline attachment; C, D. Leaves; E. Seed, view of micropylar end; F. Seed, side view; G. Fruit; H. Outer petal, adaxial view; I. Inner petal, adaxial view; J. Stamen, abaxial view; K, L. Staminodes, abaxial view; M. Abscised stigma, side view; A, C. From Sperling et al. 5987 (NY); B, D. From Chatrou et al. 410 (OWU); E – G. From Silva & Souza 2334 (OWU); H, I. From Silva & Souza 2459 (OWU); J – M. From Sperling et al. 5987 (MO).	Figure 4. Xylopia rubrolineata. A. Flower bud; B. Flower bud showing cauline attachment; C, D. Leaves; E. Seed, view of micropylar end; F. Seed, side view; G. Fruit; H. Outer petal, adaxial view; I. Inner petal, adaxial view; J. Stamen, abaxial view; K, L. Staminodes, abaxial view; M. Abscised stigma, side view; A, C. From Sperling et al. 5987 (NY); B, D. From Chatrou et al. 410 (OWU); E – G. From Silva & Souza 2334 (OWU); H, I. From Silva & Souza 2459 (OWU); J – M. From Sperling et al. 5987 (MO).	2026-07-07	Vaughn, Morgan;Harper, Dekon;Reiter, Lexi;Dodds, Elizabeth;Murray, Nancy A.;Floyd, Keegan;Stull, Gregory W.;Johnson, David M.		Zenodo	biologists	Vaughn, Morgan;Harper, Dekon;Reiter, Lexi;Dodds, Elizabeth;Murray, Nancy A.;Floyd, Keegan;Stull, Gregory W.;Johnson, David M.			
42EBFCF6F5215B81A82AD6122E24F14C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1709959	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.277.188891.figure5	Figure 5. Distributions of Xylopia ochrantha, X. peruviana, and X. rubrolineata in South America. Green shading indicates forest cover as of January 2026. “ World Countries ” and “ Environment Map ” layers are shown.	Figure 5. Distributions of Xylopia ochrantha, X. peruviana, and X. rubrolineata in South America. Green shading indicates forest cover as of January 2026. “ World Countries ” and “ Environment Map ” layers are shown.	2026-07-07	Vaughn, Morgan;Harper, Dekon;Reiter, Lexi;Dodds, Elizabeth;Murray, Nancy A.;Floyd, Keegan;Stull, Gregory W.;Johnson, David M.		Zenodo	biologists	Vaughn, Morgan;Harper, Dekon;Reiter, Lexi;Dodds, Elizabeth;Murray, Nancy A.;Floyd, Keegan;Stull, Gregory W.;Johnson, David M.			
42EBFCF6F5215B81A82AD6122E24F14C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1709955	https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.277.188891.figure1	Figure 1. Morphological aspects of cauliflorous Neotropical species of Xylopia and of the Xylopia XY-peruviana clade. A. Twigs and flower buds of X. benthamii, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil, 13 January 2024, E. D. Koch; B. Fruit of X. ochrantha, Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 8 October 2022, J. N. F. Rizzo; C. Flower of X. benthamii, December 2023, Í. Rocha; D. Twig of X. decorticans, Santa Maria de Jetibá, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 4 October 2023, L. Calazans; E. Side view of flower bud and flower of X. crinita, Pastaza Canton, Ecuador, 19 September 2022, T. L. P. Couvreur; F. Shoot apex of X. peruviana R. E. Fr., showing, left to right, the terminal bud scar, pseudoterminal bud, and petiole of leaf, from Williams 6192 (US), D. M. Johnson; G. Flower of X. longicuspis, Pastaza Canton, Ecuador, 21 September 2022, T. L. P. Couvreur; H. Inflorescence of X. ulei Diels, Pastaza Canton, Ecuador, 21 September 2022, T. L. P. Couvreur; I. Flower, apical view, of X. ochrantha, Pernambuco, Brazil, April 2010, T. Leão. Photographs used under the terms of the Creative Commons license for iNaturalist.	Figure 1. Morphological aspects of cauliflorous Neotropical species of Xylopia and of the Xylopia XY-peruviana clade. A. Twigs and flower buds of X. benthamii, Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil, 13 January 2024, E. D. Koch; B. Fruit of X. ochrantha, Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 8 October 2022, J. N. F. Rizzo; C. Flower of X. benthamii, December 2023, Í. Rocha; D. Twig of X. decorticans, Santa Maria de Jetibá, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 4 October 2023, L. Calazans; E. Side view of flower bud and flower of X. crinita, Pastaza Canton, Ecuador, 19 September 2022, T. L. P. Couvreur; F. Shoot apex of X. peruviana R. E. Fr., showing, left to right, the terminal bud scar, pseudoterminal bud, and petiole of leaf, from Williams 6192 (US), D. M. Johnson; G. Flower of X. longicuspis, Pastaza Canton, Ecuador, 21 September 2022, T. L. P. Couvreur; H. Inflorescence of X. ulei Diels, Pastaza Canton, Ecuador, 21 September 2022, T. L. P. Couvreur; I. Flower, apical view, of X. ochrantha, Pernambuco, Brazil, April 2010, T. Leão. Photographs used under the terms of the Creative Commons license for iNaturalist.	2026-07-07	Vaughn, Morgan;Harper, Dekon;Reiter, Lexi;Dodds, Elizabeth;Murray, Nancy A.;Floyd, Keegan;Stull, Gregory W.;Johnson, David M.		Zenodo	biologists	Vaughn, Morgan;Harper, Dekon;Reiter, Lexi;Dodds, Elizabeth;Murray, Nancy A.;Floyd, Keegan;Stull, Gregory W.;Johnson, David M.			
