identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7C65E461D802FF9BD2D7FF79FB0CDE42.text	7C65E461D802FF9BD2D7FF79FB0CDE42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isoleucas arabica O. Schwartz Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg	<div><p>Isoleucas arabica O.Schwartz Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10: 223 (1939).</p><p>Type:— Yemen, Hadramant, Wadi Dhaururen, Nitaun, near Ras Fartak, 7 Mar. 1899, S. Paulay, s.n (holotype, HBG) Oman. Dhofar:</p><p>Jabal Al Qamar, 22 February 2021, LAS 27 (OBG), 27 July 2021, SHAH 1048 (OBG).</p><p>Subshrub to 30 cm tall, densely pubescent with white, branched hairs throughout (Fig. 2). Stems woody, sparsely branched with conspicuous leaf scars. Leaves petiolate, blades suborbicular, 6–20 × 4–15 mm (Oman specimens); petiole 2–8 mm long. Inflorescence unbranched, borne on short lateral shoots, raceme-like with 1–3-flowered cymes; bracteoles minute. Calyx 2-lipped, obconical, 9 mm long, 5-lobed in a 3/2 configuration; lobes triangular, subacute, anterior lobes smaller than posterior; tube densely annulate. Corolla 2-lipped, white, 12–16 mm long; upper lip hooded, bearded with simple hairs and densely pubescent externally; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, included or slightly exserted; anthers with weakly distinct thecae; stigma 2-lobed, lobes slightly unequal. Nutlets brownish black, 3–4 mm long, 1-seeded, rounded, with sessile glands at apex.</p><p>The species description is based on two initial field collections conducted in 2021, followed by further surveys to better understand its distribution. Our research indicates that the species occurs in a few small populations within Jabal Al Qamar, located in the western Dhofar mountains. These mountains, together with the adjacent Jabal Al Qara, support approximately 660 species, including 32 endemic species (Patzelt 2015). Jabal Al Qamar has an arid climate with seasonal monsoons (Khareef) from June to September, bringing humidity and rainfall that temporarily transform the landscape into lush greenery. However, the region experiences a predominantly dry climate due to the rain shadow effect of the mountains on the monsoon, receiving minimal rainfall except for infrequent winter drizzle. Periodically, storms or tropical cyclones occur, leading to the emergence of various annuals. Although rare, these weather events can significantly impact the local ecosystem by triggering the germination of dormant seeds and promoting the growth of annual plants adapted to these conditions.</p><p>Vegetation in these areas is characterised by sparse formations, transitioning from woodlands on more humid slopes to desert shrublands in drier locales such as Aydam, Dhofar, where the presence of I. arabica was first documented in Oman. The area is dominated by Cebatha balfourii (Schweinf. ex Balf.f.) Kuntze, Desmidorchis flava (N.E.Br.) Meve &amp; Liede, as well as scattered Vachellia etbaica (Schweinf.) Kyal. &amp; Boatwr. and Euphorbia spp., which are well adapted to the prevailing arid conditions. The new record extends further west to the drier, exposed plateaus populated by dwarf shrubs and perennials such as Pulicaria argyrophylla subsp. oligophylla (E.Gamal-Eldin) N.Kilian &amp; P.Hein and Zygophyllum decumbens Delile, along with small grasses.</p><p>Conservation status: Due to environmental threats impacting its habitat, further study of Isoleucas arabica is crucial to understanding the challenges it faces in southern Oman. Given its limited known distribution, a more in-depth investigation is essential to assess potential risks, including habitat degradation, climate change impacts, and human activities that may endanger the species. Therefore, we provisionally propose the conservation status of the species in Oman as Data Deficient (DD). In fact, sub-global assessments according to IUCN (2024) categories and criteria of species recorded as new for a country, can lead to different threat categories (Armagan &amp; Ünal 2009, Wagensommer et al. 2014).</p><p>1. Lavandula dhofarensis A.G.Mill. subsp. ayunensis Endemic LC</p><p>2. Lavandula dhofarensis A.G.Mill. subsp. dhofarensis Near Endemic LC</p><p>3. Lavandula hasikensis A.G.Mill. Endemic VU D 2</p><p>4. Lavandula subnuda Benth. Regional Endemic LC</p><p>5. Leucas dhofarensis Hedge &amp; Sebald Near Endemic LC</p><p>6. Ocimum dhofarense (Sebald) A.J.Paton Near Endemic NT</p><p>7. Salvia hillcoatiae Hedge Endemic VU D 2</p><p>8. Teucrium mascatense Boiss. Endemic LC</p><p>9. Teucrium nummularifolium Baker Near Endemic LC</p><p>10. Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. subsp. stenophyllum R.A.King Near Endemic LC</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C65E461D802FF9BD2D7FF79FB0CDE42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Harthy, Laila Al;Hatmi, Saif Al;Hinai, Abdulrahman Al;Mawaali, Khadija Al;Paton, Alan	Harthy, Laila Al, Hatmi, Saif Al, Hinai, Abdulrahman Al, Mawaali, Khadija Al, Paton, Alan (2025): First record of the genus Isoleucas (Lamiaceae) in Oman. Phytotaxa 702 (2): 221-225, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.702.2.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.702.2.10
