taxonID	type	description	language	source
7D38FB0FFFD28D09FDAD2151D4ADFBED.taxon	description	Description of the Scrapter carysomus species group Species of this group are medium-sized (6.5 – 8.5 mm body length) bees, characterized by a ± squarish face, usually with inner eye margins parallel or slightly diverging ventrally, malar area medially narrow, almost linear and in particular a distinctly protruding, polished and shiny clypeus and supraclypeal area (Figs 2 – 3). The latter is very conspicuous and unique in Scrapter, especially in females. Males are characterized by a large, apically broad and emarginate S 7 with long and dense hair fringes on both sides of the emargination (e. g., Fig. 6 C). In the closest related species that belong to a group around S. capensis (Friese, 1909), S. leonis Cockerell, 1934 and S. eremanthedon Davies, 2005 (sistergroup relationship supported by preliminary unpublished molecular-phylogenetic data) the clypeus and supraclypeal area are also protuberant, but to a much lesser extent and surfaces are more or less clearly and densely sculptured. Furthermore, their faces tend to be more transversely oval and the eyes usually converge ventrally.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFD28D03FDE5278CD4B6FAB6.taxon	description	Figs 2 – 6, 23 – 26	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFD28D03FDE5278CD4B6FAB6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of S. carysomus is described here for the first time. It can be separated from that of all other species in this group by the following character combination: propodeum dorsolaterally (lateral to the matt propodeal triangle) very finely shagreened and matt (Fig. 4 D), foreleg blackish-brown, sometimes femur apically slightly dark yellowish-brown, disc of T 2 finely and sparsely punctate or without punctation, apical tergal depressions broad, yellowish translucent with the adjacent apical area of the disc crescent-shaped dark reddish (Fig. 4 B). The male is characterized by foreleg with medio- and distitarsi completely bright yellow, basitarsus and tibia predominantly yellow (Figs 3, 5 A), mid and hind leg with tarsi predominantly dark yellowish-brown to blackish (Fig. 5 A); hind tibia apically on inner side with hairs relatively short (Fig. 6 A), genitalia as in Fig. 6 B. The male was described in detail by Davies et al. (2005), so the description is not repeated here but images (Figs 3, 5 – 6) are provided to facilitate its identification.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFD28D03FDE5278CD4B6FAB6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (101 specimens) SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♀; Keiski Mts, 3 km E of Farm M’Vera, shale; 1190 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 45 ′ 29 ″ S, 19 ° 54 ′ 13 ″ E; 26 Aug. 2017; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 27 Aug. 2017; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♂; Keiski Mts, 5 km S of Farm Nooiensrivier, dolerite hill; 1270 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 45 ′ 54 ″ S, 19 ° 50 ′ 17 ″ E; 12 Jun. 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 4 ♀♀; Leliefontein, plain; 30.23391 ° S, 18.16476 ° E; 7 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg; RCMK • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 16 Aug. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; RCMK • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; NHML • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 31 Aug. 2003; C. Mayer leg; RCMK • 1 ♀, 6 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; NHML • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 30.23169 ° S, 18.16260 ° E; 31 Aug. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; RCMK • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; NHML • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 5 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; NHML • 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 7 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; RCMK • 3 ♀♀, 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; NHML • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 30.22452 ° S, 18.14052 ° E; 25 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; NHML • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 30.23169 ° S, 18.16260 ° E; 16 Aug. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; NHML • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 30.23391 ° S, 18.16476 ° E; 5 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg; NHML • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 11 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; NHML • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 30.23169 ° S, 18.16260 ° E; 11 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; NHML • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 25 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg; NHML • 1 ♀, 4 ♂♂; Leliefontein, slope; 30.23288 ° S, 18.16458 ° E; 31 Aug. 2003; C. Mayer leg; NHML • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 5 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀, 5 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; NHML • 2 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 16 Aug. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; NHML • 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 11 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; NHML • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 25 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; NHML • 4 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 7 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; NHML • 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; Nieuwoudtville, Flower Reserve East; 735 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 21 ′ 56 ″ S, 19 ° 08 ′ 52 ″ E; 3 Sep. 2003; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4 Sep. 2003; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 7 Sep. 2003; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♂; Nieuwoudtville, Glen Lyon, Renosterveld; 700 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 24 ′ 03 ″ S, 19 ° 08 ′ 34 ″ E; 27 Aug. 2003; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 30 Aug. 2003; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 7 Sep. 2003; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; Nieuwoudtville, Farm Glen Lyon, Renosterveld; 700 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 24 ′ 03 ″ S, 19 ° 08 ′ 34 ″ E; 7 Aug. 2004; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; Nieuwoudtville, Flower Reserve East; 735 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 21 ′ 56 ″ S, 19 ° 08 ′ 52 ″ E; 10 Aug. 2004; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 13 Aug. 2004; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 6 Jun. 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 2 ♀♀; Remhoogte, plain; 30.23530 ° S, 18.16568 ° E; 5 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; NHML • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 7 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; NHML • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Remhoogte, plain; 30.23453 ° S, 18.16499 ° E; 7 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; RCMK • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; NHML • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 11 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 31 Aug. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; NHML • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 7 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; NHML • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 25 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; Remhoogte, slope; 30.24110 ° S, 18.17063 ° E; 31 Aug. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 7 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; RCMK • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 11 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; NHML.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFD28D03FDE5278CD4B6FAB6.taxon	description	Description Female BODY LENGTH. 7 – 8 mm. HEAD. Head wider than long. Integument black to very dark reddish-brown. Face covered with relatively long, yellowish to greyish, erect hair (Fig. 2). Clypeus strongly convex; finely and very sparsely (i = 2 – 5 d) punctate; surface between punctures smooth and shiny (Fig. 2). Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally dark brown, ventrally dark yellow. MESOSOMA. Integument black, tegulae yellowish-brown. Mesoscutal disc between punctures strongly reticulate and slightly matt; disc relatively densely (i = 1 – 2 d) and distinctly but relatively shallowly punctate (Fig. 4 C). Metanotum slightly shorter than basal area of propodeum, apically with broad and distinct carinate depression (Fig. 4 D). Propodeum on basal half relatively indistinctly and finely carinate (Fig. 4 D). Mesoscutum covered with relatively short, scutellum and metanotum with long, yellowish-brown, erect hair; mesepisternum and propodeum covered with long, yellowish-grey, erect hair (Fig. 4 A). WINGS. Yellowish-brown; wing venation light brown; stigma yellowish-brown. LEGS. Integument black to reddish-brown; fore tibia sometimes anteriorly on basal half with relatively small yellowish spot; all tarsi brownish to yellowish. Vestiture and scopa yellowish-grey. METASOMA. Integument black to reddish-brown, apical margins of terga broadly translucent yellow (Fig. 4 B). Disc of T 1 glabrous; following terga with very few and very short but increasingly more and longer, greyish, erect hair; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (Fig. 4 B). Prepygidial and pygidial fimbriae yellowish-brown. Punctation on all terga very fine and sparse (i = 2 d), on T 1 extremely fine and almost impunctate, on following terga increasingly distinct; between punctures finely shagreened and slightly matt; apical tergal depressions finely shagreened and slightly matt (Fig. 4 B).	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFD28D03FDE5278CD4B6FAB6.taxon	distribution	Distribution Presumably the most widespread species of this group recorded from mountainous regions of the Kamiesberg Mountains, Roggeveld Mountains and the Bokkeveld Plateau (Northern Cape Province).	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFD28D03FDE5278CD4B6FAB6.taxon	biology_ecology	Floral hosts Oxalidaceae: yellow flowering Oxalis spec., O. pes-caprae L. Seasonal activity June – September.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFD88D07FDCE2666D4B6FCE3.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 2877519 D- 52 EF- 4 EBA- 8 AD 7 - B 96 FE 1 B 9016 D Figs 2 – 3, 7 – 9, 23 – 28	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFD88D07FDCE2666D4B6FCE3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of S. oxalensis sp. nov. can be separated from that of all other species in this group by the following character combination: scutellum relatively large (slightly longer and broader), flat and dull (Fig. 7 D), propodeum dorsolaterally (lateral to the matt propodeal triangle) very finely shagreened and matt (Fig. 7 D), hair on posterior surface of propodeum longer than length of basal area of propodeum (Fig. 7 D), foreleg blackish-brown, disc of T 2 finely and sparsely punctate, apical tergal depressions narrow, brownish translucent without reddish discoloration of the adjacent apical area of the disc (Fig. 7 B). Females of S. oxalensis and S. oxaloides sp. nov. are very similar but the former has slightly broader apical tergal depressions (Fig. 7 B) and the basal area of propodeum shows slightly sparser and coarser reticulation (Fig. 7 D). The male is characterized by propodeum densely covered with thick, plumose hair of ± equal length (Fig. 8 B), foreleg completely dark brown to blackish, sometimes to a small extent distitarsus and apical parts of mediotarsi orange-brown (Fig. 8 A), hind tibia apicomedially moderately swollen, hairs apically on inner side long (Fig. 9 A), S 3 – S 5 with sparse apical hair fringes (Fig. 8 D), genitalia as in Fig. 9 B.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFD88D07FDCE2666D4B6FCE3.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet refers to the specific host plants of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) of this bee species.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFD88D07FDCE2666D4B6FCE3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material (137 specimens) Holotype SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; Nieuwoudtville, Hantam Botanical Garden, Renosterveld; 700 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 24 ′ 03 ″ S, 19 ° 08 ′ 34 ″ E; 15 May 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; SANC. Paratypes SOUTH AFRICA • 6 ♂♂; 12 km NW of Nieuwoudtville, Farm Avontuur, Renosterveld along Pad; 770 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 15 ′ 27 ″ S, 19 ° 03 ′ 38 ″ E; 17 May 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; NHML • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 31 May 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 4 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 31 May 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; NHML • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 11 Jun. 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 17 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; NHML • 1 ♀; Farm Glen Lyon, Renosterveld; 700 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 24 ′ 42 ″ S, 19 ° 09 ′ 00 ″ E; 25 Aug. 2006; K. Timmermann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; Nieuwoudtville, Glen Lyon, Renosterveld; 700 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 24 ′ 03 ″ S, 19 ° 08 ′ 34 ″ E; 11 Sep. 2003; M. Kuhlmann leg.; NHML • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 30 May 2004; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; SANC • 5 ♀♀, 26 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; NHML • 1 ♀, 12 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 31 May 2004; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; SANC • 7 ♀♀, 14 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; NHML • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 11 Aug. 2004; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 6 ♀♀; Nieuwoudtville, Farm Glen Lyon, Renosterveld; 700 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 24 ′ 03 ″ S, 19 ° 08 ′ 34 ″ E; 7 Aug. 2004; M. Kuhlmann leg; RCMK • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; NHML • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 18 Aug. 2004; M. Kuhlmann leg.; SANC • 1 ♀; Nieuwoudtville, Flower Reserve East; 735 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 21 ′ 55 ″ S, 19 ° 08 ′ 52 ″ E; 10 Aug. 2004; M. Kuhlmann leg.; NHML • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 1 Sep. 2002; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Nieuwoudtville, Hantam Botanical Garden, Renosterveld; 700 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 24 ′ 03 ″ S, 19 ° 08 ′ 34 ″ E; 15 May 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; SANC • 6 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; NHML • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 23 May 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; NHML.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFD88D07FDCE2666D4B6FCE3.taxon	description	Description Female BODY LENGTH. 7 – 8 mm. HEAD. Head wider than long. Integument black, except part of mandibles dark reddish-brown. Face sparsely covered with relatively long, greyish, erect hair (Fig. 2). Clypeus strongly convex with fine and very sparse (i = 2 – 5 d) punctation; surface between punctures smooth and shiny (Fig. 2). Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally dark brown, ventrally dark yellow. MESOSOMA. Integument black, tegulae brownish. Mesoscutal disc between punctures reticulate and slightly matt to shiny; disc very densely (i = 0.5 – 1 d), sometimes sparser (i = 2 – 3 d), and relatively coarsely punctate (Fig. 7 C). Metanotum slightly shorter than basal area of propodeum, apically with narrow carinate depression (Fig. 7 D). Propodeum on basal half medially finely but distinctly carinate (Fig. 7 D). Propodeum with relatively dense, apically long and laterally short; mesoscutum with short and sparse; scutellum, metanotum and mesepisternum with sparse, greyish to yellowish, erect hair (Fig. 7 A). WINGS. Slightly yellowish-brown; wing venation and stigma brown. LEGS. Integument black; fore and mid tarsi sometimes reddish-brown, especially distally. Vestiture and scopa greyish to brown. METASOMA. Integument black to dark reddish-brown; apical margins of terga broadly yellowish translucent (Fig. 7 B). Disc of T 1 with very few, very short, greyish-white, erect hairs; following terga with increasingly more and longer, but still short and few, greyish-white, erect hairs; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (Fig. 7 B). Prepygidial and pygidial fimbriae greyish to slightly brownish. T 1 and T 2 very shallowly, indistinctly, sparsely and finely punctate; T 3 and T 4 very finely but relatively densely (I = 1 – 2 d) punctate; between punctures shagreened and slightly matt to shiny; apical tergal depressions finely sculptured and slightly matt to shiny (Fig. 7 B). Male BODY LENGTH. 7 – 8 mm. HEAD. Head as long as wide. Integument black, except mandible partly dark reddish-brown. Face covered with long, silvery-white, erect hair. Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally brown, ventrally dark yellow (Fig. 3). MESOSOMA. Integument black. Mesoscutal disc between punctures reticulate, slightly matt; disc finely and relatively densely (i = 1 – 1.5 d) punctate. Basal area of propodeum ± triangular, distinctly covered with carinae that cover the majority of its surface (Fig. 8 B). Mesoscutum and mesepisternum sparsely covered with long, greyish, erect hair; scutellum, metanotum and propodeum covered with long, greyish to yellowish, erect hair (Fig. 8 A). WINGS. Slightly yellowish-brown; wing venation brown; stigma light yellowish-brown. LEGS. Integument black; fore femora apically dark yellowish-brown, fore tibia anteriorly dominantly yellowish-brown; all tarsi sucessively more yellowish brown distally. Hind tibia inside subapically broadened with a tuft of long hair (Fig. 9 A). Vestiture greyish-white. METASOMA. Integument black to dark reddish-brown, apical margins of terga broadly translucent yellow to slightly yellowish-brown (Fig. 8 C). Discs of T 1 – T 4 covered with short, greyish, erect hair; following terga with increasingly longer hair; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (Fig. 8 C). Terga finely shagreened and slightly matt to shiny (Fig. 8 C). T 1 impunctate or almost impunctate, following terga very finely and relatively densely (i = 1 – 1.5 d) punctate (Fig. 8 C). Apical tergal depressions broad, very finely shagreened and slightly matt. S 2 - S 5 especially laterally with sparse but very long apical hair tufts (Fig. 8 D). TERMINALIA. Genitalia (Fig. 9 B), S 7 (Fig. 9 C) and terminal plate of S 8 (Fig. 9 D) as illustrated.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFD88D07FDCE2666D4B6FCE3.taxon	distribution	Distribution Only recorded from the Bokkeveld Plateau (Northern Cape Province) and potentially endemic to this region.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFD88D07FDCE2666D4B6FCE3.taxon	biology_ecology	Floral hosts Oxalidaceae: yellow flowering Oxalis spec., O. pes-caprae, O. massoniana T. M. Salter var. flavescens. Seasonal activity May – September.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFDF8D18FDCB223DD4B6FEF3.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: D 062502 A-CBE 8 - 4039 - 9358 - 9045067 A 187 C Figs 2 – 3, 10 – 12, 25 – 26	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFDF8D18FDCB223DD4B6FEF3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of S. oxalicus sp. nov. is unique in this species group due to the fore tibiae each having on the inside medially, on the outside apically and fore femur on the outside apically a dull yellow spot of variable size. The male is unique in this species group due to completely bright yellow tarsi (Figs 3, 11 A), hind tibia apically on inner side with long hairs (Fig. 12 A) and genitalia as in Fig. 12 B.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFDF8D18FDCB223DD4B6FEF3.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet refers to the specific host plants of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) of this bee species.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFDF8D18FDCB223DD4B6FEF3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material (76 specimens) Holotype SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; Gemsbokrivier-Pad, 4.5 km NE of Grootdrif, Road Side; 170 m; 31 ° 25 ′ 54 ″ S, 18 ° 55 ′ 16 ″ E; 5 Jun. 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; SANC. Paratypes SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♀; Gemsbokrivier-Pad, 4.5 km NE of Grootdrif, Road Side; 170 m; 31 ° 25 ′ 54 ″ S, 18 ° 55 ′ 16 ″ E; 15 Aug. 2011; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 12 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 28 May 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 9 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; NHML • 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 5 Jun. 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; NHML • 14 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 10 Jun. 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; SANC • 9 ♀♀, 17 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; NHML • 1 ♀; Knersvlakte, along Gemsbokrivier-Pad; 120 – 195 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 23 ′ 57 ″ S, 18 ° 54 ′ 11 ″ E; 14 Sep. 2007; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; Knersvlakte, Gemsbokrivier-Pad, rivier; 195 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 26 ′ 40 ″ S, 18 ° 56 ′ 23 ″ E; 24 Aug. 2008; M. Kuhlmann leg.; NHML • 1 ♀; Knersvlakte, Sukkulent Karoo, 30 km N of Vanrhynsdorp; 146 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 22 ′ 23 ″ S, 18 ° 42 ′ 37 ″ E; 22 Aug. 2003; K. Timmermann leg.; NHML • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 26 Aug. 2003; K. Timmermann leg.; NHML • 1 ♀; Witwater, slope; 30.23050 ° S, 18.13458 ° E; 25 Sep. 2003; C. Mayer leg.; NHML.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFDF8D18FDCB223DD4B6FEF3.taxon	description	Description Female BODY LENGTH. 8 mm. HEAD. Head slightly wider than long. Integument black to dark reddish-brown. Face covered with relatively short, greyish to yellowish, erect hair (Fig. 2). Clypeus strongly convex with fine and very sparse (i = 2 – 5 d) punctation; surface between punctures smooth and shiny (Fig. 2). Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally basally dark brown to apically light brown, ventrally bright yellow. MESOSOMA. Integument black, tegulae dark yellowish. Mesoscutal disc between punctures reticulate and matt; disc sparsely (i = 1.5 – 3 d) and finely to slightly coarsely but shallowly punctate (Fig. 10 C). Metanotum about ⅔ as long as basal area of propodeum, apically with narrow carinate depression (Fig. 10 D). Propodeum basally finely and distinctly carinate (Fig. 10 D). Mesoscutum with short, erect hair; propodeum laterally with relatively short, apically with long, erect hair; scutellum, metanotum and mesepisternum with sparse, long, greyish to yellowish, erect hair (Fig. 10 A). WINGS. Slightly yellowish-brown; wing venation light brown; stigma yellow. LEGS. Integument black to dark yellowish-brown; fore anteriorly on basal half with large yellow spot, posteriorly with indistinct yellowish spot. Vestiture and scopa greyish-white. METASOMA. Integument black to dark reddish-brown; apical margins of terga broadly translucent yellowish to brown (Fig. 10 B). Disc of T 1 with very few, very short, greyish-white, erect hairs; following terga with successively more and longer, greyish-white, erect hairs; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (Fig. 10 B). Prepygidial and pygidial fimbriae greyish to slightly brownish. T 1 – T 4 with very fine shallow and dispersed punctation, looking almost impunctate; between punctures shagreened and slightly matt to shiny; apical tergal depressions finely shagreened and slightly matt to shiny (Fig. 10 B). Male BODY LENGTH. 7 – 7.5 mm. HEAD. Head slightly longer than wide. Integument black, except mandible partly dark reddish-brown. Face densely covered with long, silvery-white, erect hair. Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally brown, ventrally bright yellow (Fig. 3). MESOSOMA. Integument black. Mesoscutal disc between punctures reticulate, matt; disc finely and relatively densely (i = 1 – 1.5 d) punctate. Basal area of propodeum ± narrowly crescent, distinctly covered with carinae that cover the majority of its surface (Fig. 11 B). Mesoscutum sparsely, scutellum, metanotum with long, greyish to slightly yellowish, erect hair (Fig. 11 A); propodeum covered laterally with short, apically with long, dense greyish to slightly yellowish, erect hair (Fig. 11 B); mesepisternum sparsely covered with long, greyish, erect hair. WINGS. Slightly yellowish-brown; wing venation yellowish-brown; stigma yellow. LEGS. Integument black to dark reddish-brown; fore femora apically, fore tibia and fore tarsi completely bright yellow; mid femora and tibia anteriorly and apically, mid tarsi completely bright yellow; hind tarsi bright yellow. Hind tibia yellowish-brown at the very apical end; apically broadened inside with a tuft of very long but sparse, greyish-white hair (Fig. 12 A). METASOMA. Integument black to very dark reddish-brown, apical margins of terga broadly translucent yellowish-brown (Fig. 11 C). Discs of T 1 – T 4 covered with short, greyish, erect hair, following terga with successively longer hair; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (Fig. 11 C). All terga extremely finely punctate, looking impunctate, superficially shagreened and slightly matt to shiny; apical tergal depression relatively broad, superficially shagreened and slightly shiny (Fig. 11 C). S 2 – S 5 laterally with sparse, long apical hair fringes or tufts (Fig. 11 D). TERMINALIA. Genitalia (Fig. 11 B), S 7 (Fig. 11 C) and terminal plate of S 8 (Fig. 11 D) as illustrated.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFDF8D18FDCB223DD4B6FEF3.taxon	distribution	Distribution Found in the Knersvlakte (Western Cape Province) and the Kamiesberg Mountains (Northern Cape Province).	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFDF8D18FDCB223DD4B6FEF3.taxon	biology_ecology	Floral hosts Oxalidaceae: yellow flowering Oxalis spec., O. argillacea F. Bolus, O. purpurea L. Seasonal activity May – September.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFC38D1FFDDA22BBD49DF863.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: F 67 CFAE 1 - 9 B 81 - 4 C 56 - B 72 C- 4 BECC 5 E 081 EB Figs 2 – 3, 13 – 15, 23 – 27	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFC38D1FFDDA22BBD49DF863.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of S. oxaliphilus sp. nov. can be separated from that of all other species in this group by the following character combination: clypeus, vertex and dorsal side of mesosoma with white to light brown hair, at most a few single black hairs intermixed (Fig. 13 A), propodeum dorsolaterally (lateral to the matt propodeal triangle) partly smooth and shiny, basal area without carination (Fig. 13 D), foreleg blackish-brown, sometimes femur apically slightly dark yellowish-brown (Fig. 13 A), T 2 distinctly and densely (i = 0.5 – 1 d) punctate (Fig. 13 B). The male is characterized by clypeus medially finely and sparsely punctate, shiny (Fig. 3), propodeum sparsely covered with thin hair of variable length, basal area without or anteriorly only with very short, indistinct longitudinal carinae (Fig. 14 B), foreleg completely dark brown to blackish, sometimes to a small extent distitarsus and apical parts of mediotarsi orange-brown (Fig. 14 A), hind tibia apicomedially not conspicuously swollen (Fig. 15 A), genitalia as in Fig. 15 B.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFC38D1FFDDA22BBD49DF863.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet refers to the specific host plants of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) of this bee species.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFC38D1FFDDA22BBD49DF863.taxon	materials_examined	Type material (21 specimens) Holotype SOUTH AFRICA • ♀; Plateau Hantam Mts, near antenna, 9 km N of Calvinia; 1570 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 22 ′ 29 ″ S, 19 ° 47 ′ 03 ″ E; 2 Oct. 2014; M. Kuhlmann leg.; SANC. Paratypes SOUTH AFRICA • 2 ♀♀; Plateau Hantam Mts, near antenna, 9 km N of Calvinia; 1570 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 22 ′ 29 ″ S, 19 ° 47 ′ 03 ″ E; 7 Sep. 2010; M. Kuhlmann leg.; NHML • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; RCMK • 3 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 30 Aug. 2011; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; NHML • 5 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 2 Oct. 2014; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; SANC • 1 ♀; Plateau Hantam Mts, weather stn., 12 km N of Calvinia; 1580 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 21 ′ 13 ″ S, 19 ° 47 ′ 53 ″ E; 11 Sep. 2010; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♂; Farm Kanolfontein, 20 km W of Sutherland, Road Side; 1385 m a. s. l.; 32 ° 24 ′ 43 ″ S, 20 ° 27 ′ 28 ″ E; 7 Sep. 2012; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFC38D1FFDDA22BBD49DF863.taxon	description	Description Female BODY LENGTH. 7 – 7.5 mm. HEAD. Head wider than long. Integument black, except part of mandibles dark reddish-brown. Face sparsely covered with relatively long, greyish, erect hair (Fig. 2). Clypeus strongly convex with fine and very sparse (i = 2 d) punctation; surface between punctures smooth and shiny (Fig. 2). Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally dark brown, ventrally brown. MESOSOMA. Integument black, tegulae dark brown. Mesoscutal disc between punctures reticulate and matt; disc sparsely (i = 1 – 3 d) and relatively shallowly punctate (Fig. 13 C). Metanotum as long as basal area of propodeum, apically with broad and distinct carinate depression (Fig. 13 D). Propodeum basally without carination (Fig. 13 D). Propodeum laterally with relatively short, apically with long, greyish to slightly yellowish hair; mesoscutum with short erect hair; scutellum, metanotum and mesepisternum with sparse, long, greyish-white, erect hair (Fig. 13 A). WINGS. Yellowish-brown; wing venation and stigma dark brown. LEGS. Integument black; tarsi dark reddish-brown. Vestiture greyish to slightly brownish; scopa greyish-white. METASOMA. Integument black to dark reddish-brown; apical margins of terga on T 1 narrowly, on other terga broadly translucent yellowish to brownish (Fig. 13 B). Disc of T 1 sparsely covered with relatively long, greyish-white, erect hair; following terga with successively more and longer, greyish-white, erect hair; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (Fig. 13 B). Prepygidial and pygidial fimbriae brownish-grey. T 1 and T 2 very finely, but distinctly and very densely (i = 0.5 – 1 d) punctate, T 3 finely and densely (i = 1 – 1.5 d) punctate, on T 4 slightly sparser; apical tergal depressions and between punctures terga smooth and shiny (Fig. 13 B). Male BODY LENGTH. 8 – 8.5 mm. HEAD. Head wider than long. Integument black, except mandible partly dark reddish-brown. Face covered with long, silvery-white, erect hair (Fig. 3). Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally dark brown, ventrally dark yellowish-brown. MESOSOMA. Integument black. Mesoscutal disc between punctures reticulate and matt; disc shallowly densely (i = d) and very finely punctate. Basal area of propodeum in anterior half finely carinate (Fig. 14 B). Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum and propodeum sparsely covered with long, yellowish-grey, erect hair (Fig. 14 A). WINGS. Slightly yellowish-brown; wing venation and stigma brown. LEGS. Integument black to reddish-brown, tarsi dark brown. Hind tibia apicomedially slightly swollen, vestiture greyish-white, without conspicuous hair tuft (Fig. 15 A). METASOMA. Integument black to reddish-brown, apical margins of terga translucent dark reddish-brown (Fig. 14 C). Discs of T 1 – T 5 covered with short, greyish, erect hair; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (Fig. 14 C). Terga shallowly and finely but densely (i = d) punctate; between punctures and on apical tergal depressions superficially shagreened and slightly matt (Fig. 14 C). Sterna without distinct apical hair fringes (Fig. 14 D). TERMINALIA. Genitalia (Fig. 15 B), S 7 (Fig. 15 C) and terminal plate of S 8 (Fig. 15 D) as illustrated.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFC38D1FFDDA22BBD49DF863.taxon	distribution	Distribution Only known from higher altitudes of the Hantam and Roggeveld Mountains (Northern Cape Province).	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFC38D1FFDDA22BBD49DF863.taxon	biology_ecology	Floral hosts Oxalidaceae: yellow flowering Oxalis spec., O. pes-caprae. Seasonal activity September – October.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFC78D13FD39223CD40CFC2A.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: ECBEF 593 - 24 AE- 4 B 7 C-B 6 CF- 67 A 6 C 53 A 7302 Figs 2 – 3, 16 – 18, 23 – 28	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFC78D13FD39223CD40CFC2A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of S. oxalis sp. nov. can be separated from that of all other species in this group by the following character combination: scutellum relatively small, distinctly convex and shiny (Fig. 16 D), propodeum dorsolaterally (lateral to the matt propodeal triangle) very finely shagreened and matt, hair on posterior surface shorter than length of basal area (Fig. 16 D), foreleg blackish-brown, sometimes femur apically slightly dark yellowish-brown, apical tergal depressions narrow and brownish translucent without reddish discoloration of the adjacent apical area of the disc, disc of T 2 finely and sparsely punctate (Fig. 16 B). The male is characterized by the propodeum densely covered with thick, plumose hair of ± equal length (Fig. 17 B), foreleg completely dark brown to blackish, sometimes to a small extent distitarsus and apical parts of mediotarsi orange-brown (Fig. 17 A), hind tibia apicomedially strongly swollen, hairs apically on inner side relatively short (Fig. 18 A), S 3 - S 5 with dense apical hair fringes (Fig. 17 D), genitalia as in Fig. 18 B.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFC78D13FD39223CD40CFC2A.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet refers to the specific host plants of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) of this bee species.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFC78D13FD39223CD40CFC2A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material (17 specimens) Holotype SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; Knersvlakte, along Gemsbokrivier-Pad; 195 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 26 ′ 40 ″ S, 18 ° 56 ′ 23 ″ E; 5 Jun. 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; SANC. Paratypes SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♂; Gemsbokrivier-Pad, 4.5 km NE of Grootdrif, Road Side; 170 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 25 ′ 54 ″ S, 18 ° 55 ′ 16 ″ E; 20 May 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; NHML • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 28 May 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 5 Jun. 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 3 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 10 Jun. 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; NHML • 1 ♂; Knersvlakte, along Gemsbokrivier-Pad; 195 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 26 ′ 40 ″ S, 18 ° 56 ′ 23 ″ E; 5 Jun. 2013; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFC78D13FD39223CD40CFC2A.taxon	description	Description Female BODY LENGTH. 6.5 – 7.5 mm. HEAD. Head as wide as long. Integument black, except part of mandibles dark reddish-brown. Face sparsely covered with relatively long, yellowish-grey, erect hair (Fig. 2). Clypeus strongly convex with fine and very sparse (i = 2 – 5 d) punctation; surface between punctures smooth and shiny (Fig. 2). Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally dark brown, ventrally dark yellow. MESOSOMA. Integument black, tegulae dark brown. Mesoscutal disc between punctures finely reticulate and partly matt; disc finely, relatively shallowly and sparsely (i = 2 d) punctate (Fig. 16 C). Metanotum slightly shorter than basal area of propodeum, apically with narrow and indistinctly carinate depression (Fig. 16 D). Propodeum basally very indistinctly and finely carinate (Fig. 16 D). Mesoscutum with short; scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum and propodeum with long, sparse, greyish to yellowish, erect hair (Fig. 16 A). WINGS. Slightly yellowish-brown; wing venation and stigma brown. LEGS. Integument black to dark reddish-brown. Vestiture yellowish to brownish-grey. Scopa yellowish-grey. METASOMA. Integument black to dark reddish-brown; apical margins of terga broadly translucent yellowish to brownish (Fig. 16 B). Disc of T 1 and T 2 very sparsely covered with very short, greyish-white, erect hair; following terga with successively more and longer, greyish-white, erect hair; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (Fig. 16 B). Prepygidial and pygidial fimbriae dark brown. T 1 and T 2 impunctate, T 3 and T 4 with indistinct shallow punctation, looking almost impunctate; between punctures shagreened and slightly matt to shiny; apical tergal depressions very finely shagreened and slightly matt (Fig. 16 B). Male BODY LENGTH. 8.5 mm. HEAD. Head slightly longer than wide. Integument black, except mandible partly dark reddish-brown. Face densely covered with long, silvery-white, erect hair (Fig. 3). Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally dark brown, ventrally yellowish-brown. MESOSOMA. Integument black. Mesoscutal disc between punctures reticulate and slightly matt; disc shallowly but densely (i = d) and relatively finely punctate. Basal area of propodeum ± triangular and distinctly carinate (Fig. 17 B). Mesoscutum sparsely, scutellum and metanotum densely covered with long, yellowish, erect hair; propodeum laterally with short, apically with long, dense, yellowish, erect hair (Fig. 17 B); mesepisternum sparsely covered with long, greyish, erect hair (Fig. 17 A). WINGS. Slightly yellowish-brown; wing venation and stigma brown. LEGS. Integument black to reddish-brown, tarsi distally successively more yellowish-brown. Hind tibia apicomedially strongly swollen and curved, without distinct hair tuft (Fig. 18 A). Vestiture greyish-white, on tarsi slightly yellowish. METASOMA. Integument black to reddish-brown, apical margins of terga partly narrowly translucent dark reddish-brown (Fig. 17 C). Discs of T 1 – T 4 covered with short, greyish, erect hair, following terga with successively longer hair; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (Fig. 17 C). Terga very finely and densely (i = d) punctate, appearing almost impunctate; between punctures and on apical tergal depressions superficially shagreened and slightly matt (Fig. 17 C). S 3 and S 4 with dense, long apical hair fringes (laterally longer), S 5 only laterally (Fig. 17 D). TERMINALIA. Genitalia (Fig. 18 B), S 7 (Fig. 18 C) and terminal plate of S 8 (Fig. 18 D) as illustrated.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFC78D13FD39223CD40CFC2A.taxon	distribution	Distribution Only known from the Knersvlakte (Western Cape Province) and possibly endemic to this southern-most part of the Succulent Karoo biome.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFC78D13FD39223CD40CFC2A.taxon	biology_ecology	Floral hosts Oxalidaceae: yellow flowering Oxalis spec., O. argillacea, O. purpurea. Seasonal activity May – June.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFCB8D14FDDE223DD497FEF3.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 86 E 63 A 08 - A 616 - 440 B- 9693 - E 1 FB 82 CE 1101 Figs 2 – 3, 19 – 21, 23 – 27	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFCB8D14FDDE223DD497FEF3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of S. oxalissimus sp. nov. can be separated from that of all other species in this group by the following character combination: clypeus, vertex and dorsal side of mesosoma with abundant dark brown to blackish hairs intermixed with lighter hair (Fig. 19 A), basal area of propodeum on anterior half with fine longitudinal carination, propodeum dorsolaterally (lateral to the matt propodeal triangle) partly smooth and shiny (Fig. 19 D), foreleg blackish-brown, sometimes femur apically slightly dark yellowish-brown, disc of T 2 shallowly and sparsely (i = 2 d) punctate (Fig. 19 B), The male is characterized by the clypeus medially coarsely and denser punctate, matt (Fig. 3), propodeum sparsely covered with thin hair of variable length, basal area with distinct longitudinal carinae (Fig. 20 B), foreleg completely dark brown to blackish (Fig. 20 A), hind tibia apicomedially not conspicuously swollen (Fig. 21 A), genitalia as in Fig. 21 B.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFCB8D14FDDE223DD497FEF3.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet refers to the specific host plants of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) of this bee species.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFCB8D14FDDE223DD497FEF3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material (15 specimens) Holotype SOUTH AFRICA • ♀; Nieuwoudtville, Glen Lyon, Renosterveld; 700 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 24 ′ 03 ″ S, 19 ° 08 ′ 34 ″ E; 7 Sep. 2003; M. Kuhlmann leg.; SANC. Paratypes SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♀; 10 km N of Nieuwoudtville, Farm Grasberg, dolerite hill; 800 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 18 ′ 01 ″ S, 19 ° 05 ′ 42 ″ E; 12 Sep. 2009; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; 12 km NW of Nieuwoudtville, Farm Avontuur, Fynbos; 770 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 16 ′ 18 ″ S, 19 ° 02 ′ 55 ″ E; 25 Aug. 2017; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♂; Keiski Mts, 3 km E of Farm M’Vera, shale; 1190 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 45 ′ 29 ″ S, 19 ° 54 ′ 13 ″ E; 27 Aug. 2017; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; Keiski Mts, 5 km S of Farm Nooiensrivier, burned area; 1275 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 45 ′ 47 ″ S, 19 ° 50 ′ 17 ″ E; 28 Sep. 2009; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; Keiskie Mts, 5 km S of Farm Nooiensrivier, dolerite hill; 1270 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 45 ′ 54 ″ S, 19 ° 50 ′ 17 ″ E; 19 Aug. 2017; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 26 Aug. 2017; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; Roggeveld Mts, 2 km SE of Farm Allemansdam, burnt area; 1290 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 49 ′ 32 ″ S, 19 ° 59 ′ 55 ″ E; 24 Aug. 2018; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK) • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 29 Aug. 2018; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFCB8D14FDDE223DD497FEF3.taxon	description	Description Female BODY LENGTH. 7.5 – 8 mm. HEAD. Head wider than long. Integument black, except part of mandibles dark reddish-brown. Face sparsely covered with relatively short, blackish-grey, erect hair (Fig. 2). Clypeus strongly convex; medially relatively coarsely and very sparsely (i = 2 – 5 d) punctate, laterally almost impunctate; surface between punctures smooth and shiny (Fig. 2). Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally dark brown, ventrally very dark yellowish-brown to dark brown. MESOSOMA. Integument and tegulae black. Mesoscutal disc between punctures reticulate and matt; disc relatively densely (i = 1 – 2 d) and coarsely punctate (Fig. 19 C). Metanotum about ⅔ as long as basal area of propodeum, apically with broad and distinct carinate depression (Fig. 19 D). Propodeum on basal half laterally relatively finely linear carinate (Fig. 19 D). Mesoscutum with short; scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum and propodeum with relatively long, blackish and grey, erect hairs (Fig. 19 A). WINGS. Yellowish-brown; wing venation and stigma dark brown. LEGS. Integument black. Vestiture and scopa brownish to blackish-grey. METASOMA. Integument black to dark reddish-brown; apical margins of terga broadly translucent dark yellowish-brown to reddish-brown (Fig. 19 B). Disc of T 1 without hair; following terga with very short and few but successively more and longer, greyish, erect hair; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (Fig. 19 B). Prepygidial and pygidial fimbriae dark brown. T 1 very finely and indistinctly punctate, partly looking impunctate, T 2 very finely and sparsely (i = 2 d) punctate, T 3 and T 4 very shallowly and sparsely (i = 2 – 3 d) punctate; between punctures apical tergal depressions superficially shagreened but shiny (Fig. 19 B). Male BODY LENGTH. 8 mm. HEAD. Head wider than long. Integument black, except mandible partly dark reddish-brown. Face covered with long, silvery-white, erect hair (Fig. 3). Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally dark brown, flagellar segments 5 – 11 ventrally dark yellowish-brown. MESOSOMA. Integument black. Mesoscutal disc between punctures strongly reticulate and matt; disc densely (i = d) but shallowly and relatively finely punctate. Basal area of propodeum ± wide crescent, distinctly and broadly linear carinate (Fig. 20 B). Mesoscutum, propodeum and mesepisternum sparsely covered with long, greyish, erect hair; scutellum and metanotum covered with long, brownish-grey, erect hair (Fig. 20 A). WINGS. Slightly yellowish-brown; wing venation and stigma brown. LEGS. Integument black to dark brown, hind tarsi successively slightly lighter brown distally. Hind tibia apically slightly broadened inside with a thin tuft of slightly longer greyish-white hair (Fig. 21 A). METASOMA. Integument black, apical margins of terga relatively broadly translucent dark yellowish-brown (Fig. 20 C). Discs of T 1 very sparsely covered with short, greyish, erect hair, following terga with successively more and longer hair; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (Fig. 20 C). T 1 sparsely (i = 2 d) and very finely punctate, T 2 - T 6 finely and relatively sparsely (i = 1.5 – 2 d) punctate; terga and apical tergal depressions superficially shagreened and slightly matt to shiny (Fig. 20 C). S 3 – S 5 laterally with very sparse, long apical hair fringes or tufts (Fig. 20 D). TERMINALIA. Genitalia (Fig. 21 B), S 7 (Fig. 21 C) and terminal plate of S 8 (Fig. 21 D) as illustrated.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFCB8D14FDDE223DD497FEF3.taxon	distribution	Distribution Found only on the Bokkeveld Plateau and the northern extension of the Roggeveld Mountains (Northern Cape Province).	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFCB8D14FDDE223DD497FEF3.taxon	biology_ecology	Floral hosts Oxalidaceae: yellow flowering Oxalis spec., O. pes-caprae, Seasonal activity August – September.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFCF8D2AFDCD22BBD46AFCBC.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 5108110 B- 4 E 66 - 49 AC- 93 F 6 - 1 F 56 B 5877 DAC Figs 2, 22 – 24	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFCF8D2AFDCD22BBD46AFCBC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of S. oxaloides sp. nov. can be separated from that of all other species in this group by the following character combination: scutellum relatively large, flat and dull (Fig. 22 D), propodeum dorsolaterally (lateral to the matt propodeal triangle) very finely shagreened and matt (Fig. 22 D), hair on posterior surface of propodeum longer than length of basal area of propodeum (Fig. 22 D), foreleg blackish-brown, disc of T 2 finely and sparsely punctate, apical tergal depressions narrow, brownish translucent without reddish discoloration of the adjacent apical area of the disc (Fig. 22 B). Females of S. oxaloides and S. oxalensis sp. nov. are very similar but the former has slightly narrower apical tergal depressions (Fig. 22 B) and the basal area of propodeum shows slightly denser and finer reticulation (Fig. 22 D). The male is unknown.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFCF8D2AFDCD22BBD46AFCBC.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet refers to the specific host plants of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) of this bee species.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFCF8D2AFDCD22BBD46AFCBC.taxon	materials_examined	Type material (22 specimens) Holotype SOUTH AFRICA • ♀; 12 km NW of Nieuwoudtville, Farm Avontuur, Fynbos; 770 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 16 ′ 18 ″ S, 19 ° 02 ′ 55 ″ E; 18 Aug. 2012; M. Kuhlmann leg.; SANC. Paratypes SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♀; 12 km NW of Nieuwoudtville, Farm Avontuur, Fynbos; 770 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 16 ′ 18 ″ S, 19 ° 02 ′ 55 ″ E; 16 Aug. 2011; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 23 Aug. 2017; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 6 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 27 Aug. 2017; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; 20 km S of Nieuwoudtville, Farm Papkuilsfontein, Fynbos; 680 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 33 ′ 16 ″ S, 19 ° 08 ′ 31 ″ E; 27 Aug. 2010; M. Kuhlmann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; Fynbos, 15 km NW of Nieuwoudtville, Farm Engelsepunt; 830 m a. s. l.; 31.14.31 S, 18.59.08 E; 22 Jul. 2003; K. Timmermann leg.; NHML • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 23 Jul. 2003; K. Timmermann leg.; RCMK • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 26 Jul. 2003; K. Timmermann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; NHML • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 5 Aug. 2003; K. Timmermann leg.; RCMK • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 27 Aug. 2003; K. Timmermann leg.; NHML • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 23 – 26 Jul. 2003; K. Timmermann leg.; NHML • 1 ♀; Nieuwoudtville, garden; 700 m a. s. l.; 31 ° 22 ′ S, 19 ° 07 ′ E; K. Timmermann leg.; RCMK.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFCF8D2AFDCD22BBD46AFCBC.taxon	description	Description Female BODY LENGTH. 7 – 7.5 mm. HEAD. Head as wide as long. Integument black, except part of mandibles and sometimes part of clypeus dark reddish-brown. Face sparsely covered with relatively long, greyish, erect hair (Fig. 2). Clypeus strongly convex with relatively coarse but very sparse (i = 2 – 5 d) punctation; surface between punctures smooth and shiny (Fig. 2). Malar area medially narrow, almost linear. Antenna dorsally dark brown, ventrally dark yellow. MESOSOMA. Integument black, tegulae dark brown. Mesoscutal disc between punctures reticulate and slightly matt, disc sparsely (i = 1 – 3 d) and shallowly punctate (Fig. 22 C). Metanotum slightly shorter than basal area of propodeum, apically with narrow carinate depression (Fig. 22 D). Propodeum on basal half medially relatively coarsely and distinctly carinate (Fig. 22 D). Propodeum apically with long, laterally with shorter, mesoscutum with short, scutellum, metanotum and mesepisternum with sparse, long, greyish to yellowish, erect hair (Fig. 22 A). WINGS. Slightly yellowish-brown; wing venation and stigma brown. LEGS. Integument black to dark reddish-brown. Vestiture yellowish-grey to brownish. Scopa brownish to greyish-white. METASOMA. Integument black to dark reddish-brown; apical margins of terga broadly translucent brown (Fig. 22 B). Disc of T 1 with very few, very short, greyish-white, erect hairs; following terga with increasingly more and longer, greyish-white, erect hairs; apical tergal hair bands missing on all terga (Fig. 22 B). Prepygidial and pygidial fimbriae greyish to slightly brownish. T 1 and T 2 very shallowly, indistinctly, finely and sparsely punctate, looking almost impunctate; T 3 and T 4 very finely but relatively densely (i = 1 – 2 d) punctate; between punctures finely shagreened and slightly matt to shiny (Fig. 22 B). Male Unknown.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFCF8D2AFDCD22BBD46AFCBC.taxon	distribution	Distribution Apparently endemic to the Bokkeveld Plateau (Northern Cape Province).	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFCF8D2AFDCD22BBD46AFCBC.taxon	biology_ecology	Floral hosts Oxalidaceae: yellow flowering Oxalis spec., O. pes-caprae, Seasonal activity July – August.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFF18D29FF092073D044FA74.taxon	discussion	Females of this species group are very similar to each other and identification can be difficult without reference material or associated males due to sometimes very subtle differences in the surface sculpture.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
7D38FB0FFFF18D29FF092073D044FA74.taxon	discussion	The male of S. oxaloides sp. nov. is unknown.	en	Kuhlmann, Michael (2025): New species and species group in the bee genus Scrapter Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) oligolectic on Oxalis flowers in western South Africa. European Journal of Taxonomy 987: 146-188, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.987.2863, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2863/13007
