identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7D1387F9FFAEE438FF0FFB681F6CFD7D.text	7D1387F9FFAEE438FF0FFB681F6CFD7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sciodaphyllum apiciflorum Jimenez-Mont. & Idarraga. 2025	<div><p>Sciodaphyllum apiciflorum Jiménez-Mont. &amp; Idárraga., sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2).</p><p>Type: — COLOMBIA. Antioquia. Peque, vereda <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.96814&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.9831944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.96814/lat 6.9831944)">Romeral</a> chamizo, finca las flores, 6º58’59.5” N, 75º58’05.3” W, elev. 2718 m, 14 February 2022 (bud, im. fr.), Á. Idárraga, A. Vasco, W. Testo, M. Sundue, F. Giraldo, S. Vega, S. Morris &amp; U. Arango 8525 (holotype JAUM! [accession 95000]; isotypes BRIT!, HUA!, MO!) .</p><p>Diagnosis: — Sciodaphyllum apiciflorum differs from S. quindiuense (Kunth 1821: 7) De Candolle (1830: 261), the species it most closely resembles, in having inflorescences with two secondary axes (vs. one), the 16–26 ultimate inflorescence units (umbels) arranged toward the branch apex (vs. 33–73 umbels distributed along the distal 1/2 to 3/4), mealy or tomentose indument on the leaf blades (vs. glabrous or sericeous indument) comprising trichomes that are dendritic and very twisted (vs. uniseriate or branched).</p><p>Sarmentose shrub, 2–10 m high, well branched, terrestrial; branches 5.9–9.2 mm diam. in sicco, scattered lenticels up to 2 (–3) mm diam., circular (occasionally elliptic) and hemispherical. Plant with mealy to tomentose indument, abundant on young parts, glabrescent; trichomes 0.5–1.5 (–2) mm long, dendritic, very twisted, usually with a thick central strand, or highly branched, whitish or ferruginous. Leaves palmately compound, loosely arranged toward branchlet apices, mealy to tomentose indument; stipular ligule (2.3–) 3–5.7 cm long, oblong, occasionally deltate or triangular, apex obtuse, convex, and bifid, abaxially canaliculated or not, spherical lenticels toward the base, turning brown-black in vivo, caducous distally where it dries up early; petioles (10–) 12.3–16.2 cm long, terete, not thickened at either end, with lenticels sometimes up to 1 cm long, spherical or linear; leaflets 9–11, arranged in a single whorl, held horizontally or semi-pendulous; petiolules (1.2–) 1.7–3.2 (–3.7) cm long, similar in size to each other, canaliculate adaxially, not thickened at either end, with lenticels sometimes up to 1 cm long, spherical or linear; blades (5.3–) 8–15.5 × (1.5) 2–4.5 cm, elliptic to oblong, sometimes obovate, symmetrical, adaxially just with scattered trichomes; base acute and convex, margin entire, apex acute and acuminate, acumen (0.4–) 0.7–1.5 cm long; venation pinnate, prominulous adaxially and prominent abaxially; secondary veins (24–) 32–52, semicraspedodromous or slightly brochidodromous, irregularly spaced, adaxially impressed in vivo and prominulous in sicco, abaxially prominulous, intersecondary veins less than one per intercostal area; irregular reticulate tertiary fabric, adaxially impressed in vivo and prominulous in sicco, abaxially prominulous. Inflorescences terminal, erect, mealy indument, with circular and hemispherical lenticels less than 1 mm wide in each of the axis insertion points; primary axis 5.7–12.9 cm long, with just two terminal secondary axes, each 15.2–29.3 cm long, each subtended by a bract 1–2.8 × 1.1–1.5 cm, triangular or obovate, apex obtuse and rounded, caducous; peduncles 16–26 per each secondary axis, 1.1–1.5 cm long, expanding up to 1.8 cm long in fruit, grouped toward the apex of the secondary axes in the last 2–3 cm long, ebracteate or subtended by bracteoles 0.1–0.2 mm long, auriculate, apex rounded, persistent; ultimate inflorescence units forming umbels, pedicels (2–) 3–5 per unit, 6–9 mm long, expanding up to 11 mm in fruit, ebracteolate. Hypanthium (immature) 2–4 × 3–5 mm in sicco, mealy indument; calyx forming a truncate rim, 0.4–0.5 mm high, margin entire; corolla (immature) 1.5–2.2 × 4.4–5.2 mm, calyptrate, hemispheric, not fissured, mucronate, externally glabrous or sparsely covered with a mealy indument, internally glabrous, dark-garnet in vivo; stamens 8–9 (–10), filaments not seen, anthers (immature) 2–2.2 × 1–1.5 mm, reniform, oblong, dorsifixed, color not seen; ovary disc concave, 1–1.5 mm deep; styles (7–) 8–9, ca. 2 mm long, basally connate, distally free; carpels (7–) 8–9. Fruits (immature) drupaceous, (5–) 7–10 × (4–) 5–7 mm, obconic, cylindroid, covered with mealy indument; ovary disc 2–3 mm deep; persistent styles 4.5–6 mm long; pyrenes 6–7 × 3–4 mm, flattened laterally.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: — Sciodaphyllum apiciflorum is only known from one locality in the northern part of the Western Andean Cordillera, in the municipality of Peque, Antioquia (Fig. 3). This species was found growing in well-preserved low montane humid forests (bh-MB; Holdridge 1971) at around 2700 m in elevation.</p><p>Phenology: —Specimens collected in February had floral buds and immature fruits, which does not allow us to infer with certainty its phenology, but the flowering and fruiting of this species probably occur throughout the year, as in many other species in the genus.</p><p>Etymology: —The epithet “ apiciflorum ” refers to the ultimate inflorescence units (umbels) arranged toward secondary axes apex.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes): —So far this species is only known from the type collection. In addition, two juvenile individuals were observed at the type locality.</p><p>Discussion: — Sciodaphyllum apiciflorum is characterized among other species of the genus, by the two secondary axes of the inflorescence that are disposed at the apex of the primary axis, and the umbels that are arranged toward the apex of the secondary axes.</p><p>This species belongs to the informal group Cotylanthes, which is based on the genus Cotylanthes Calestani (1905: 100), now regarded as a synonym of Sciodaphyllum . This informal group is represented by perhaps a dozen species distributed between Costa Rica and northern Ecuador, with their largest representation in Colombia (Frodin et al., 2010), and it is mainly characterized by the scandent or sarmentose shrubby habit, the inflorescences in single (or occasionally 2 or 4) secondary axes, the umbellate terminal inflorescence units, the calyptrate corolla, reniform anthers, and (5–)7–11 stamens, styles and carpels.</p><p>This new species resembles Sciodaphyllum quindiuense in its stipular ligules oblong, triangular and caducous, the generally elliptic leaflets blades, in the umbellate terminal inflorescence units, in its calyptrate corolla, 8–10 stamens and styles, ovary disc concave, and in the fruits obconic and cylindroid. Moreover, Sciodaphyllum quindiuense is endemic to Colombia, commonly recorded between 1500 and 2800 m of elevation throughout the Andean region, while S. apiciflorum is only known from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D1387F9FFAEE438FF0FFB681F6CFD7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider;Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro	Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider, Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro (2025): Four new species of Sciodaphyllum (Araliaceae) from the Western Cordillera of the Andes in Colombia. Phytotaxa 708 (2): 128-144, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.708.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.708.2.2
7D1387F9FFAAE435FF0FFC9D1EA1FB59.text	7D1387F9FFAAE435FF0FFC9D1EA1FB59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sciodaphyllum bracticonspicuum Jimenez-Mont. 2025	<div><p>Sciodaphyllum bracticonspicuum Jiménez-Mont., sp. nov. (Figs. 4–5).</p><p>Type: — COLOMBIA. Antioquia. Frontino, Región de Murrí, 6 kms antes de llegar al caserío <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.7666664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.333336/lat 6.7666664)">La Blanquita</a>, 6°46’ N, 76°20’ W, elev. 1320 m, 30 June 2018 (fl., im. fr.), J. Jiménez 2305 (holotype JAUM [accession 97907]; isotypes HUA!, MO!) .</p><p>Diagnosis: — Sciodaphyllum bracticonspicuum differs from S. blepharidophyllum (Harms 1937: 447) Lowry, Plunkett &amp; Mora in Lowry et al. (2019a: 5), the species it most closely resembles, in having the margin of leaflet blades entire (vs. ciliate at least on young blades), primary axis of the inflorescence 10–15 cm long (vs. 2–8 cm long), glabrescent, pale green bracts subtending the secondary axes of the inflorescence, contrasting with the tomentose, woolly and dark purple peduncle (vs. bracts tomentulose or glabrescent, similar in color and indument to the peduncle), hypanthium woolly or tomentose (vs. tomentulose or glabrescent), calyx margin ciliate (vs. entire), ovary disc hemispheric (vs. flat), and the stylar column 1.5–2 mm long (vs. 0.9–1 mm long).</p><p>Sarmentose shrub, 3–6 m high, well branched, terrestrial; branches 0.6–0.8 cm diam. in sicco, lenticels circular or hemispherical, scattered. Plant with tomentulose, tomentose or woolly indument, abundant in young parts, glabrescent; trichomes 0.2–4 (–4.5) mm long, with a tiny stellate base and one long strand, which is curved, clinate, or slightly dendritic toward the base, ferruginous. Leaves palmately compound, loosely arranged toward branchlet apices; stipular ligule (3.6–) 4.6–6.5 cm long, deltate, apex acute, convex or rounded, abaxially non-canaliculate, lenticellate toward the base, persistent, membranaceous, glabrous, lustrous, pale green in vivo; petioles (8–) 11–22 cm long, terete, not thickened at either end, with linear lenticels, tomentulose; leaflets (3–) 4–5, arranged in a single whorl, held horizontally or semi-pendulous; petiolules (0.7–) 0.9–3.9 (–4.3) cm long, dissimilar in size between two and five times, terete, thickened in both ends, non-lenticellate, tomentulose; blades (9–) 10–26 (–28.5) × (3.7–) 4.5–8.1 (–9.3) cm, elliptic or elliptic-obovate, occasionally elliptic-orbicular, symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical, adaxially glabrescent, abaxially with sparce trichomes uniformly distributed; base acute or occasionally obtuse, and convex, cuneate or occasionally rounded, margin entire, apex acute and abruptly acuminate, acumen 1.2–2.7 cm long; venation pinnate, prominulous adaxially, prominent abaxially; secondary veins 15–36, slightly brochidodromous or brochidodromous, prominulous abaxially, irregularly spaced, intersecondary veins less than one per intercostal area; irregular reticulate tertiary fabric. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, axes tomentose or woolly; primary axis 10–15 cm long, dark purple in vivo; 3–4 secondary axes, each 14–25.5 cm long, subtended by a bract (1.8–) 2.6–4.3 cm long, deltate, apex acute, straight, and occasionally bicuspidate, persistent, glabrescent, pale green in vivo; peduncles (28–) 34–60 per branch, each 1.1–1.7 cm long, subtended by a bracteole 7–10 mm long, deltate, cucullate, tomentose toward the margin and apex, with some whitish trichomes; ultimate inflorescence units forming non-globose heads 0.6–0.7 cm diam., with 9–12 flowers, each subtended by a bracteole 0.7–1.5 mm long, reniform or deltate, floccose, margin erose or irregular. Hypanthium 1.5–2 × 2–2.5 mm, obconic, tomentose or woolly, with trichomes 2–3 mm long; calyx forming a truncate rim, 0.3–0.6 mm long, woolly; corolla 2–3 × 2–3 mm, calyptrate, non-mucronate, distally floccose, internally glabrous; stamens 5, filaments 3–4.2 mm long, hyaline, anthers 0.8–1.3 × 0.5–0.9 mm, ovate, insertion sub-basifixed, cream-yellow in vivo; ovary disc convex or hemispheric, bulging up ca. 1 mm above de calyx, slightly crenulate, yellow in vivo; styles connate, 1.4–2 mm long, apex free, slightly fissured, green-yellowish in vivo; ovary 5 carpellate. Fruits unknown.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: — Sciodaphyllum bracticonspicuum is only know from the Murrí region of the municipality of Frontino, Antioquia, in the western slope of the Western Andes (Fig. 3), in pre-montane humid forest around 1300–1500 m in elevation.</p><p>Phenology: —The few specimens we analyzed had flowers in February, June and July, and floral buds in June, which does not allow establishing a precise phenology. However, most species of the genus occurring in the same region set flowers and fruits throughout the year.</p><p>Etymology: —The epithet “ bracticonspicuum ” derives from latin words bractea and conspicuum, referring to the conspicuous, pale green and persistent bracts that subtend the secondary axes of the inflorescence, in sharp contrast with its ferruginous inflorescence axes.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — COLOMBIA. Antioquia. Frontino, Región de Murrí, 6 km antes de llegar al caserío <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.7666664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.333336/lat 6.7666664)">La Blanquita</a>, 6°46’ N, 76°20’ W, elev. 1320 m, 30 June 2018 (bud), J. Jiménez 2306 (JAUM!) ; Región of Murrí, road between Nutibara and La Blanquita, 20.2 km from centro of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.34667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.7666664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.34667/lat 6.7666664)">Nutibara</a>, 6°40’ N, 76°26’ W [6°46’00’’ N, 76°20’48’’ W], elev. 1380 m, 10 February 1989 (fl.), J. M. MacDougal et al. 3936 (HUA!, MO!) ; Corregimiento Nutibara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.325554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.765" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.325554/lat 6.765)">Región Murrí</a>, [6°45’54’’ N, 76°19’32’’ W], elev. 1500 m, 11 July 1986 (fl.), P. Acevedo et al. 1230 (HUA!) .</p><p>Discussion: — Sciodaphyllum bracticonspicuum is characterized among the other species of the genus, by the glabrescent and pale green stipular ligules and bracts that contrast with the tomentulose and dark axes, the small non-globose heads, and the tomentose or woolly hypanthium.</p><p>Sciodaphyllum bracticonspicuum shares with S. blepharidophyllum, to which it is compared in the diagnosis, the general measurements of the leaves, the tomentose and ferruginous indument, the inflorescence in terminal panicle, with 3–4 secondary branches of similar length, similar number of peduncles per branch and flowers by head, the ultimate inflorescence units in small non-globose heads, with calyx forming a truncate rim, calyptrate corolla, 5 stamens and carpels, and the connate stylar column. While S. blepharidophyllum has a wide distribution in Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador (Lowry et al. 2019a), S. bracticonspicuum is geographically restricted to the Murrí region in the western slope of the Colombian Cordillera Occidental (Fig. 3), where their distributions overlap, but no records of S. blepharidophyllum are known from this particular locality.</p><p>The collection J. M. MacDougal et al. 3936 was carried out along the road that goes from Nutibara to La Blanquita town, the same route where the type collection was made, but the coordinates reported by MacDougal do not match the collection site, so we deduce that they are incorrect and proceed to correct them. Casually, if we exchange the last number of each X and Y coordinate on the label, the result is that the coordinates match perfectly with the registered elevation (1380 m) and the road between both towns.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D1387F9FFAAE435FF0FFC9D1EA1FB59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider;Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro	Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider, Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro (2025): Four new species of Sciodaphyllum (Araliaceae) from the Western Cordillera of the Andes in Colombia. Phytotaxa 708 (2): 128-144, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.708.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.708.2.2
7D1387F9FFA7E436FF0FFA811930FA61.text	7D1387F9FFA7E436FF0FFA811930FA61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sciodaphyllum monteblancense Jimenez-Mont. 2025	<div><p>Sciodaphyllum monteblancense Jiménez-Mont., sp. nov. (Figs. 6–7).</p><p>Type: — COLOMBIA. Antioquia. Ciudad Bolívar, Corregimiento Farallones, filo del cerro <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.07836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.786" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.07836/lat 5.786)">Monteblanco</a>, 5°47’09.6’’ N, 76°04’42.1’’ W, elev. 2922 m, 27 June 2018 (fl., fr., im. fr., bud), J. Jiménez 2122 (holotype JAUM [accession 95122]; isotypes COL!, HUA!, MO!) .</p><p>Diagnosis: — Sciodaphyllum monteblancense differs from S. trianae Planch. &amp; Linden ex Marchal (1879: 94), the species it most closely resembles, in having leaflet blades 1.3–4.2 cm wide [vs. (4–) 5–7.5 (–10) cm], leaflet blades and corolla without scales abaxially (vs. provided with dense whitish scales), primary inflorescence axis (1.3–) 2–6.6 cm long (vs. 8–20 cm long), flowers 15–26 (vs. 32–50) per head, calyx rim 0.3–0.5 mm long (vs. 0.7–1.1 mm long), corolla distally floccose and adaxially tomentulose (vs. distally tomentulose and adaxially glabrous), and ovary disc flat and convex (vs. concave).</p><p>Shrub, 2–4 m high, sparsely branched, terrestrial; branches (0.7–) 0.8–1.2 cm diam. in sicco, non-lenticellate. Plant with tomentose, tomentulose or woolly indument, glabrescent, abundant on young parts; trichomes 0.3–5 mm long, with a tiny stellate or amorphous base, and one long strand (or sometimes not developed) loosely entangled with itself, ferruginous. Leaves palmately compound, arranged toward the branchlet apices; stipular ligule (4.5–) 6–10 cm long, triangular, deltate or elliptic, apex acute, convex or rounded, occasionally bicuspidate, abaxially non-lenticellate and slightly canaliculate, caducous or occasionally persistent, papyraceous when young, tomentose or tomentulose toward the center, reddish-purple toward the margin in vivo, drying brittle and brown-black in vivo; petioles (6.7–) 10– 23 cm long, terete, lenticellate, tomentose or woolly, not thickened at either end; leaflets (6–)7–9, arranged in a single whorl, held pendulous; petiolules 0.5–2.1 cm long, not or minutely canaliculate, non-lenticellate, tomentose or woolly, similar in size to each other, not thickened at either end; blades (6.5–)8.5–20.6 × 1.3–4.2 cm, oblong, oblong-obovate or oblong-ovate, symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical, conduplicate, tomentulose adaxially, tomentose or woolly abaxially; base acute and convex, margin entire, apex acute or slightly acuminate, acumen 0.5–1.7 cm long; venation pinnate, prominulous adaxially, prominent abaxially; secondary veins (22–)26–64, brochidodromous, prominulous abaxially, irregularly spaced; intersecondary veins less than one per intercostal area; irregular reticulate tertiary fabric. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, axes tomentose or tomentulose; primary axis (1.3–) 2–6.6 cm long; 2–3(–4) secondary axes, each (7.5–) 9–34.5 cm long, subtended by a bract 0.9–1.8 cm long, ovate to deltate, apex acute, acuminate or straight, caducous; peduncles 20–38 per secondary axis, each 0.4–0.8 cm long, subtended by a bracteole 1.5–2 mm long, apex acute; ultimate inflorescence units forming globose heads, 0.7–1 cm in diam., becoming non-globose and expanding to (1–) 1.4–1.7 cm in fruit, with 15–26 flowers, each subtended by a bracteole 1.2–2.2 mm long, deltate to linear, margin entire, sometimes with trichomes or erose apically. Hypanthium (1.5–)1.8–2.7 × 2.8–3.5 mm, obconic, tomentulose; calyx forming a truncate rim, 0.3–0.5 mm long, margin entire; corolla 2–2.2 × 2–2.2 mm, calyptrate, non-mucronate, non-fissured between the petals, floccose distally, internally tomentulose; stamens 5, filaments 1.8–2.2 mm long, anthers 1–1.2 × 0.8–1 mm, thecae ovate, dorsifixed; ovary disc flat or convex; styles 3–4, free, 0.5–1 mm long, connivent, forming a column; carpels 3–4. Fruits drupaceous, 5–6 × 3–4 mm, obovoid, slightly angulate and inequilateral, tomentulose or with a mealy indument, pale-yellow when immature, garnet-purple when mature in vivo; persistent styles 1.1–1.9 mm long, patent; pyrenes 4–5 × 1.5–2 mm, flattened laterally.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: — Sciodaphyllum monteblancense is only known from the Cerro Monteblanco Mountain, located in the Farallones del Citará mountain complex (Corantioquia 2014) in the municipality of Ciudad Bolívar, in the Western Andean Cordillera in the department of Antioquia (Fig. 3), at 2700–2950 m in elevation.</p><p>Phenology: —We observed this species in June with flower buds, post anthesis flowers, immature and mature fruits, and in November with fruits, which suggests that flowering and fruiting occur throughout the year, like many other species of the genus.</p><p>Etymology: —The epithet “ monteblancense ” is named for the Cerro Monteblanco Mountain, a place located in the Farallones del Citará mountain complex, where the only known population was recorded.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — COLOMBIA. Antioquia. Ciudad Bolívar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.07694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.7883334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.07694/lat 5.7883334)">Región de Monteblanco</a>, 5°51’ N, 76°01’ W [5°47’18’’ N, 76°04’37’’ W], elev. 2735 m, 15 November 1996 (fr.), D. Sánchez et al. 3038 (MEDEL!) ; Corregimiento Farallones, filo del cerro <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.07836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.786" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.07836/lat 5.786)">Monteblanco</a>, 5°47’09.6’’ N, 76°04’42.1’’ W, elev. 2922 m, 27 June 2018 (fl., im. fr.), J. Jiménez 2121 (HUA!, JAUM!) .</p><p>Discussion: — Sciodaphyllum monteblancense has a characteristic internally tomentulous corolla, which has not been previously recorded in any other species of the genus. This species is most similar to S. trianae in the dense ferruginous indument on the leaves, stipular ligules, and axes of the inflorescence, the leaflet blades oblong, the stipular ligule triangular, the 2–3(–4) (vs. 3–6) secondary axes of the inflorescence, the flowers in dense heads, the calyx forming a truncate rim, the calyptrate corolla, and in the 3–4 carpels and styles. Sciodaphyllum trianae is endemic to Colombia, recorded between 2000–3300 m in the northwestern and central Andes, in the departments of Antioquia, Tolima, and Risaralda, and was observed growing together with this new species.</p><p>The collection D. Sánchez et al. 3038 has coordinates that are in Ciudad Bolívar town, which evidently does not match the description on the label. For this reason, we decided to place the estimated coordinates in a locality that corresponds to the label description, i.e., the only path to the site, and the elevation recorded by the collector.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D1387F9FFA7E436FF0FFA811930FA61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider;Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro	Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider, Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro (2025): Four new species of Sciodaphyllum (Araliaceae) from the Western Cordillera of the Andes in Colombia. Phytotaxa 708 (2): 128-144, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.708.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.708.2.2
7D1387F9FFA4E433FF0FFA6A1903F96D.text	7D1387F9FFA4E433FF0FFA6A1903F96D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sciodaphyllum punctatum Jimenez-Mont. & Idarraga 2025	<div><p>Sciodaphyllum punctatum Jiménez-Mont. &amp; Idárraga, sp. nov. (Figs. 8–9).</p><p>Type:— COLOMBIA. Antioquia. Jardín, vereda La Mesenia, recorrido desde el alto de Chamí hasta la parte media del paramillo por el sendero hacia el alto del <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.895164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4828887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.895164/lat 5.4828887)">Chamí</a>, 5º28’58.4” N, 75º53’42.6” W, elev. 2532 m, 10 August 2022 (fl., fr.), Á. Idárraga, G. Wahlert, S. Hoyos, L. Clavijo, H. David, S. Vieira &amp; U. Rendón 8629 (holotype JAUM [accession 95128]; isotype MO!) .</p><p>Diagnosis: — Sciodaphyllum punctatum differs from S. manus-dei (Cuatrecasas 1946: 540) Lowry, Plunkett &amp; Mora in Lowry et al. (2019a: 10), the species it most closely resembles, in having mealy indument adaxially on the leaflet blades (vs. glabrous), with dense and tiny clusters of trichomes that look like dots abaxially on the leaflet blades (vs. glabrous), secondary veins prominulous adaxially (vs. plane), hypanthium and calyx tomentose ferruginous (vs. white tomentose), and the ovary disc convex (vs. flat).</p><p>Sarmentose shrub, 2–7 m high, branched, terrestrial, occasionally hemiepiphytic; branches 1.1–1.4 cm diam. in sicco, lenticels circular, elliptic or hemispherical, scattered. Plant with mealy to puberulous indument, glabrescent; trichomes 0.3–0.8 (–1.1) mm long, dendritic or stellate, ferruginous or sometimes whitish. Leaves palmately compound, arranged toward branchlet apices, with few linear lenticels throughout; stipular ligule 3–5.6 cm long, triangular, apically acute, acuminate, occasionally bicuspid, abaxially canaliculate, lenticellate at the base, mealy indument abaxially, glabrescent, persistent, coriaceous; petiole (9.1–) 13–25 cm long, terete, slightly thickened at the base, with mealy to puberulous indument; leaflets (5–) 7–10, arranged in a single whorl, held horizontally or semi-pendulous; petiolules (1–) 1.5–7.5 cm long, terete, not thickened at either end, with mealy to puberulous indument, similar in size to each other; blades (4.7–) 9.5–26.5 × (2.2) 3–7.4 cm, elliptic to obovate, symmetrical, adaxially mealy to glabrescent, abaxially it look like uniformly distributed dots, formed by dense and tiny clusters of trichomes, short, thick, and ferruginous; base acute, convex or rounded, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate, acumen 0.8–1.7 cm long; venation pinnate, prominulous adaxially, prominent abaxially; secondary veins (24–) 27–50 (–57), brochidodromous, irregularly spaced, prominulous in both sides, intersecondary veins less than one per intercostal area; alternate percurrent tertiary fabric, obtuse to the midvein, inconspicuous. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, axes mealy to tomentulose; primary axis 1.9–4 cm long; 2–4 secondary axes, each (23–) 26–44 cm long, subtended by a bract 3.5–6.3 cm long, triangular or deltate, apex acute and straight, persistent or late caducous; peduncles 23–41 per secondary axis, each 0.7–1.6 cm long, subtended by a bracteole 2.3–4.2 mm long, deltate, apex acute and apiculate, caducous; ultimate inflorescence units globose heads (0.6–) 0.7–1 cm diam., expanding to 1.2–2 cm diam. in fruit, with (9–) 16–22 (–25) flowers, each subtended by a bracteole 1.2–2.6 (–2.9) mm long, deltate or triangular, margin entire, irregular or ciliate, apex acute and rounded. Hypanthium 3–4.5 × 3–4.8 mm (1.6–3.5 × 2.2–2.9 mm in sicco), obconic, with mealy indument; calyx forming a truncate rim, ca. 0.3 mm long, margin ciliate; corolla 1.6–2.1 × 2.2–3.5 mm, calyptrate, non-fissured between the petals, abaxially with mealy indument, adaxially glabrous; stamens 5 (–6), filaments 2–3 mm long, hyaline, anthers 1–1.2 × 0.7–1 mm, ovate, purple, dorsifixed; ovary disc convex, ringed, white-cream; styles 2–4, connivent, 1–1.5 mm long; carpels 2–4. Fruits drupaceous, (6.4–) 6.8–7.7 × 5.8–7.4 mm, obpyramidal, slightly angular, pale-yellow when immature, garnet when mature in vivo; calyx 0.6–1.3 mm long; styles 1.6–2.3 (–2.6) mm long, patent; pyrenes 4–5 × 1.3–2 mm, flattened laterally.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: — Sciodaphyllum punctatum is only known from one locality in the Western Cordillera of the Andes, in a locality between the municipality of Jardín in the department of Antioquia, and Mistrató in the department of Risaralda (Fig. 3), around 2200–2500 m in elevation. This population grows in a well preserved low montane humid forest (bh-MB; Holdridge 1971).</p><p>Phenology: —We observed specimens bearing flowers in August and fruits in January, April and August. Based on these records, we think that the flowering and fruiting of this species occur throughout the year, as in many other species of the genus.</p><p>Etymology: —The epithet “ punctatum ” means dotted, referring to the presence of dense and tiny clusters of trichomes that look like dots, which are uniformly distributed abaxially on the leaflet blade.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — COLOMBIA. Antioquia. Jardín, vereda La Mesenia, recorrido desde el alto de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.90361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.90361/lat 5.4816666)">Chamí</a> hasta la parte media del paramillo por el sendero hacia el alto del <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.90361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.90361/lat 5.4816666)">Chamí</a>, 5º28’54.0’’N, 75º54’13.0’’W, elev. 2520 m, 09 August 2022 (bud), Á. Idárraga et al. 8620 (FMB!, HUA!) ; ibid., 5º28’58.4’’N, 75º53’42.6’’W, elev. 2532 m, 10 August 2022 (im. fr.), Á. Idárraga et al. 8638 (COL!, CUVC!); vereda La Mesenia, subiendo al filo del <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.898056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.486944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.898056/lat 5.486944)">Paramillo</a>, 5°29’13’’ N, 75°53’53’’ W, elev. 2280–2380 m, 09 January 2005 (fr.), C. Robles et al. 704 (HUA!, JAUM!) ; vereda La Mesenia, ascenso a <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.89722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4819446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.89722/lat 5.4819446)">Paramillo</a>, límites con Risaralda, 5°28’55’’ N, 75°53’50’’ W, elev. 2539 m, 10 August 2016 (fl., fr.), J. Jiménez &amp; S. Giraldo 2738 (HUA!; JAUM!, MO!) ; ibid., (bud), J. Jiménez &amp; S. Giraldo 2739 (CUVC!, JAUM!) .</p><p>Discussion: — Sciodaphyllum punctatum is similar to S. manus-dei in general aspects such as shrubby growth habit and dimensions of the leaves, in the number of leaflets [(5–) 7–10 in S. punctatum vs. 9 in S. manus-dei], the inflorescence with a short primary axis [1.9–4 cm long vs. 4.7–6 cm], the few secondary axes [2–4 vs. 3] with similar length [(23–) 26–44 cm long vs. 22–26 cm], the ultimate inflorescence units in globose head with similar diameter [(0.6–) 0.7–1 cm diam. vs. 0.7–0.9 cm] and number of flowers [(9–) 16–22 (–25) vs. 16–32], the calyptrate corolla, and the similar number of carpels and styles [2–4 vs. 4]. Sciodaphyllum manus-dei is also endemic to Colombia, recorded in the Valle del Cauca department in the Western Cordillera of the Andes, about 225 km south of the new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D1387F9FFA4E433FF0FFA6A1903F96D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider;Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro	Jiménez-Montoya, Jaider, Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro (2025): Four new species of Sciodaphyllum (Araliaceae) from the Western Cordillera of the Andes in Colombia. Phytotaxa 708 (2): 128-144, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.708.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.708.2.2
