identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
281EAF8803D35D1B9C7390AF400ABA2E.text	281EAF8803D35D1B9C7390AF400ABA2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudochaetosphaeronema baoshanense L. Lu, K. D. Hyde & Tibpromma	<div><p>Pseudochaetosphaeronema baoshanense L. Lu, K. D. Hyde &amp; Tibpromma Fungal Diversity 25: 1–275 (2025)</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on a decaying branch of Hevea brasiliensis . Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Conidiomata 140–170 × 170–200 μm (x ̄ = 153 × 184 μm, n = 10), solitary, globose to subglobose or pyriform, dark brown, immersed or erumpent, with black spots on the host surface, unilocular. Conidiomatal wall 50–60 μm wide, composed of two layers, outer layers brown, inner layers pale brown to hyaline, arranged in a textura angularis to textura prismatica, darker at the outer layer, fusing and indistinguishable from the host tissues. Conidiophores arising from the inner layers lining the conidioma, or at the base, often reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 6–10 × 2–3 μm (x ̄ = 7.23 × 2.14 μm, n = 15), monophialidic, cylindrical, integrated, hyaline or pale brown, smooth-walled. Conidia 11–15 × 5–6 μm (x ̄ = 12.4 × 5.6 μm, n = 40), oblong to ellipsoidal, or fusoid, with rounded ends, sometimes truncate and narrow at the base, yellowish to pale brown, smooth, thick-walled, 1–3 - septate, some slightly constricted at the septum.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Conidia germinated on PDA within 12 hours. Colonies circular, raised, brown, with entire margin; reverse dark brown at the center, fading to pale brown at the edge.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China, • Yunnan Province, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Mang City, on a decaying branch of Hevea brasiliensis, 18 April 2024, Rui-Fang Xu, DHR 23 (GMB-W 1227), living culture GMBCC 2337 ; China, Yunnan Province, Lincang City, 28 July 2022, LCR 24 (GMB-W 1228), living culture GMBCC 2338 .</p><p>Known distributions.</p><p>China, Yunnan Province (Lu et al. 2025; Wanasinghe et al. 2025; this study).</p><p>Known hosts.</p><p>Coffea sp. (Lu et al. 2025), dead twigs of an unknown deciduous plant (Wanasinghe et al. 2025), Hevea brasiliensis (this study).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phylogenetic analyses show that strains GMBCC 2337 and GMBCC 2338 clustered with Pseudochaetosphaeronema baoshanense (MHZU 24–0566, holotype) and P. hongheense (KUNCC 23–16774; KUNCC 25–19456) with 99 % ML and 1.00 BI support (Fig. 1). Morphologically, the species isolated from Hevea brasiliensis is similar to the species described by Lu et al. (2025) from Coffea sp., in having cylindrical conidiogenous cells and yellowish to brown, oblong to ellipsoidal or fusoid conidia. However, the conidiomata wall of our samples (GMB-W 1227, GMB-W 1228) is thicker than the holotype of P. baoshanense (MHZU 24–0566) (50–60 μm vs. 20–40 μm), and conidia of our samples are sometimes slightly constricted at the septa, whereas in the holotype they are non-constricted. While the ITS, LSU, and SSU regions were identical between the new isolates (GMBCC 2337 and GMBCC 2337) and P. baoshanense (MHZU 24–0566), only the tef 1 - α gene region showed four base pairs differences. Based on the combined molecular evidence, our collections are identified as P. baoshanense . According to our knowledge, this is the first report of P. baoshanense on Hevea brasiliensis .</p><p>Pseudochaetosphaeronema hongheense was introduced by Wanasinghe et al. (2025), and this fungus was isolated from Honghe, Yunnan Province. In the present study, P. hongheense (KUNCC 23–16774, KUNCC 25–19456) clusters with P. baoshanense (MHZU 24–0566, holotype) with 97 % ML support, but Bayesian support is low. Pairwise nucleotide comparisons showed no differences in ITS, LSU, and tef 1 - α sequences, with only a base-pair gap in SSU. Morphologically, P. hongheense (HKAS 146045, holotype) and P. baoshanense (MHZU 24–0566, holotype) are similar in conidiomatal structure, conidiogenous cells, and brown, septate conidia. However, P. baoshanense differs from P. hongheense in thicker conidiomatal wall (20–40 μm vs. 5–15 μm), conidia that are oblong to ellipsoidal or fusoid and not constricted at the septa, and in producing 1–3 - septate conidia that are only slightly thick-walled at maturity (Lu et al. 2025). Pseudochaetosphaeronema hongheense is characterized by distinctly constricted, consistently 3 - septate, thick-walled conidia (Wanasinghe et al. 2025). Based on the molecular and morphological evidence, P. hongheense is considered a synonym of P. baoshanense .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/281EAF8803D35D1B9C7390AF400ABA2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Rui-Fang;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Hyde, Kevin D.;Kakumyan, Pattana;McKenzie, Eric H. C.;Elgorban, Abdallah M.;Yu, Fu-Qiang;Alfagham, Alanoud T.;Phukhamsakda, Chayanard;Tibpromma, Saowaluck	Xu, Rui-Fang, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Hyde, Kevin D., Kakumyan, Pattana, McKenzie, Eric H. C., Elgorban, Abdallah M., Yu, Fu-Qiang, Alfagham, Alanoud T., Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Tibpromma, Saowaluck (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Pseudochaetosphaeronema associated with rubber trees from Yunnan Province, China. MycoKeys 128: 301-322, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.128.182163
A12C9031F0775A8AA05CD85ABDCB7425.text	A12C9031F0775A8AA05CD85ABDCB7425.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense Wijesinghe, Boonmee & K. D. Hyde	<div><p>Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense Wijesinghe, Boonmee &amp; K. D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 111: 75 (2021)</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on a decaying branch of Hevea brasiliensis . Sexual morph: Ascomata 170–280 × 200–280 μm (x ̄ = 221 × 223 μm, n = 10), solitary, scattered, immersed, uniloculate, globose to subglobose. Peridium 30–50 μm wide, composed of several brown to pale brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium 1–2 μm wide, numerous, filiform, unbranched, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 80–123 × 23–29 μm (x ̄ = 99 × 25 μm, n = 15), 8 - spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, with a short pedicel, apex rounded, with ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–32 × 7–13 μm (x ̄ = 26 × 10 μm, n = 30), overlapping, 2–3 seriate, fusiform, with obtuse ends, 1 - septate at the center, constricted at the septa, hyaline, guttulate, thick and smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Ascospores germinated on PDA within 24 hours, and ascospores turned brown after germination. Colonies irregular, wrinkled, brown, crateriform with undulate margin; reverse dark brown.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China, • Yunnan Province, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Mang City, on a decaying branch of Hevea brasiliensis, 18 April 2024, Rui-Fang Xu, DHR 30 (GMB-W 1225), living culture GMBCC 2335 .</p><p>Known distributions.</p><p>Thailand (Boonmee et al. 2021) and Yunnan Province, China (Li et al. 2023; this study).</p><p>Known hosts.</p><p>Tamarindus sp. (Boonmee et al. 2021), Olea europaea (Li et al. 2023), and Hevea brasiliensis (this study).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pseudochaetosphaeronema chiangraiense was collected from Tamarindus sp. in Chiang Rai, Thailand (Boonmee et al. 2021), and was also later recorded on Olea europaea in Sichuan Province, China (Li et al. 2023). In this study, our isolate (GMBCC 2335) was grouped with P. chiangraiense (MFLUCC 21–0083, ex-type). The morphology of our collection (GMB-W 1225) is similar to the holotype of P. chiangraiense (Boonmee et al. 2021), but differs only in size: holotype with a thinner peridium when compared to our collection (13–17 μm vs. 30–50 μm), and a bit big in pseudoparaphyses (2–4.5 μm vs. 1–2 μm); larger asci (50–110 × 15–30 μm vs. 80–123 × 23–29 μm), and longer ascospores (20–45 μm vs. 20–32 μm). However, the new isolate was genetically identical to P. chiangraiense in the ITS, LSU, and SSU regions but differed by three base pairs in the tef 1 - α gene. Therefore, we identify our strain as P. chiangraiense based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence. According to our knowledge, this is the first record of P. chiangraiense on H. brasiliensis in China.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A12C9031F0775A8AA05CD85ABDCB7425	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Rui-Fang;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Hyde, Kevin D.;Kakumyan, Pattana;McKenzie, Eric H. C.;Elgorban, Abdallah M.;Yu, Fu-Qiang;Alfagham, Alanoud T.;Phukhamsakda, Chayanard;Tibpromma, Saowaluck	Xu, Rui-Fang, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Hyde, Kevin D., Kakumyan, Pattana, McKenzie, Eric H. C., Elgorban, Abdallah M., Yu, Fu-Qiang, Alfagham, Alanoud T., Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Tibpromma, Saowaluck (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Pseudochaetosphaeronema associated with rubber trees from Yunnan Province, China. MycoKeys 128: 301-322, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.128.182163
D18B604816B5545F8D0371D0B8F3FABD.text	D18B604816B5545F8D0371D0B8F3FABD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudochaetosphaeronema heveae R. F. Xu, K. D. Hyde & Tibpromma 2026	<div><p>Pseudochaetosphaeronema heveae R. F. Xu, K. D. Hyde &amp; Tibpromma sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Refers to the host genus Hevea .</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>GMB-W 1222</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on a decaying branch of Hevea brasiliensis . Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Conidiomata 125–170 × 140–225 μm (x ̄ = 148 × 190 μm, n = 10), solitary to aggregated, globose to subglobose or pyriform, immersed to semi-immersed, unilocular, dark brown to black, appearing as black dots on the host surface. Conidiomatal wall 20–70 μm wide, brown to dark brown, textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 3–8 × 2–6 μm (x ̄ = 6 × 4.4 μm, n = 10), monophialidic, cylindrical or ampulliform, hyaline, smooth-walled, with guttules. Conidia 8–14 × 3–4 μm (x ̄ = 11.25 × 3.23 μm, n = 50), fusiform or fusoid, slightly curved, 1–2 - septate, constricted at septum, cell swollen sometimes, rounded at both ends, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, without a mucilaginous sheath.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Conidia germinating on PDA within 12 hours. Colonies irregular, umbonate, white to cream, with a central brown droplet, undulate margin; reverse dark brown with pale brown edge, producing brown pigment on PDA media.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China, • Yunnan Province, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Mang City, on a decaying branch of Hevea brasiliensis, 18 April 2024, Rui-Fang Xu, DHR 27 (GMB-W 1222, holotype), ex-type living culture GMBCC 2333 = GMBCC 2334 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic analyses, GMBCC 2333 and GMBCC 2334 formed a distinct lineage, sister to P. siamensis (MFLUCC 17–2287, ex-type) and P. bruguierae (MFLUCC 24–0515, ex-type) (Fig. 1). Sequence comparisons showed that GMBCC 2333 differs from P. siamensis by 13 / 510 bp (ITS, 2.55 %), 3 / 810 bp (LSU, 0.20 %), 2 / 1,005 bp (SSU, 0.19 %), and 99 / 645 bp (tef 1 - α, 15.35 %); differences with P. bruguierae included 8 / 497 bp (ITS, 1.61 %), 2 / 810 bp (LSU, 0.25 %), and 28 / 893 bp (tef 1 - α, 3.14 %). Morphologically, P. heveae (GMB-W 1222, holotype) can be distinguished from P. coffeae (MHZU 23–0081, holotype) by smaller conidiomata (125–170 × 140–225 μm vs. 150–190 × 180–240 μm) and conidiogenous cells (3–8 × 2–6 μm vs. 6–9 × 3–6 μm), as well as shorter conidia (8–14 × 3–4 μm, 1–2 - septate vs. 12–16 × 3–5 μm, 1–3 - septate) (Lu et al. 2025). It also differs from P. bruguierae (MFLU 24–0192, holotype), which has larger conidiomata (230–400 × 300–370 μm), narrower conidiogenous cells (7–10 × 1–2.7 μm), and smaller conidia (5–10 × 2–3 μm), 2–3 - septate with guttules (Apurillo et al. 2025). Based on molecular and morphological evidence, we introduce our new collection as a new species, P. heveae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D18B604816B5545F8D0371D0B8F3FABD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Rui-Fang;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Hyde, Kevin D.;Kakumyan, Pattana;McKenzie, Eric H. C.;Elgorban, Abdallah M.;Yu, Fu-Qiang;Alfagham, Alanoud T.;Phukhamsakda, Chayanard;Tibpromma, Saowaluck	Xu, Rui-Fang, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Hyde, Kevin D., Kakumyan, Pattana, McKenzie, Eric H. C., Elgorban, Abdallah M., Yu, Fu-Qiang, Alfagham, Alanoud T., Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Tibpromma, Saowaluck (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Pseudochaetosphaeronema associated with rubber trees from Yunnan Province, China. MycoKeys 128: 301-322, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.128.182163
685CFB43F334588AB627227D7D617B8C.text	685CFB43F334588AB627227D7D617B8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudochaetosphaeronema xishuangbannaense R. F. Xu & Tibpromma	<div><p>Pseudochaetosphaeronema xishuangbannaense R. F. Xu &amp; Tibpromma, MycoKeys 103: 71–95 (2024) [as ‘ xishuangbannaensis’]</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Description.</p><p>Saprobic on a decaying branch of Hevea brasiliensis . Sexual morph: Ascomata 110–330 × 212–335 μm, (x ̄ = 218 × 263 μm, n = 10), white spot on the surface, sometimes inconspicuous on host surface, solitary, scattered, immersed, globose to subglobose or pyiform, or ellipsoid, uni-loculate, brown, with ostiole. Ostiole 70–155 × 60–85 μm, (x ̄ = 105 × 70 μm, n = 5), central, brown, papillate. Peridium 30–60 μm wide, composed of several layers, brown to pale brown to hyaline cells of textura intricata. Hamathecium comprises 2–3 μm wide, numerous, filiform, unbranched, hyaline, cellular pseudoparaphyses. Asci 80–110 × 16–30 μm (x ̄ = 95 × 21 μm, n = 15), 8 - spored, bitunicate, obovoid, short, distinct pedicel, apex rounded with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 26–36 × 10–12 μm (x ̄ = 30 × 11 μm, n = 20), hyaline, fusiform, with pointed ends, 1 - septate, occasionally 3 - septate, constricted at the middle septum, wider upper cell, constricted at the septa, guttulate, thick-walled, with a thin mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Ascospores germinate on PDA within 24 hours. Colonies circular, umbonate, entire margin; brown from above, dark brown at center and edge, with brown ring on reverse.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>China, • Yunnan Province, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Mang City, on a decaying branch of Hevea brasiliensis, 18 April 2024, Rui-Fang Xu, DHR 42 (GMB-W 1226), living culture GMBCC 2336 .</p><p>Known distributions.</p><p>China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (Xu et al. 2024), China, Yunnan Province, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture (this study).</p><p>Known hosts.</p><p>Hevea brasiliensis (Xu et al. 2024, this study)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic analyses, strain GMBCC 2336 formed a clade with strains of P. xishuangbannaense (ZHKUCC 23–0804 and ZHKUCC 23–0805) with 100 % ML / 1.00 BYPP statistical supports (Fig. 1). Compared with the holotype of P. xishuangbannaense (ZHKU 23–0107) with our sample (GMB-W 1226) has smaller ascomata (110–330 × 212–335 μm vs. 270–410 × 370–480 μm), a thinner peridium (30–60 μm vs. 40–90 μm), smaller asci (80–110 × 16–30 μm vs. 130–180 × 25–35 μm), and smaller, 1–3 - septate ascospores (26–36 × 10–12 μm vs. 30–50 × 10–20 μm, 3–5 - septate) (Xu et al. 2024). Despite these size differences, the overall morphology and phylogeny align with those of P. xishuangbannaense . The nucleotide comparisons show differences of 3 bp (570 bp) and 1 bp (954 bp) of ITS and SSU, respectively, between the new isolate (GMBCC 2336) and the ex-type of P. xishuangbannaense (ZHKUCC 23–0804). Therefore, strain GMBCC 2336 is identified as P. xishuangbannaense and represents a newly collected specimen from Dehong, about 415 km from the type locality in Xishuangbanna.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/685CFB43F334588AB627227D7D617B8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Xu, Rui-Fang;Karunarathna, Samantha C.;Hyde, Kevin D.;Kakumyan, Pattana;McKenzie, Eric H. C.;Elgorban, Abdallah M.;Yu, Fu-Qiang;Alfagham, Alanoud T.;Phukhamsakda, Chayanard;Tibpromma, Saowaluck	Xu, Rui-Fang, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Hyde, Kevin D., Kakumyan, Pattana, McKenzie, Eric H. C., Elgorban, Abdallah M., Yu, Fu-Qiang, Alfagham, Alanoud T., Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Tibpromma, Saowaluck (2026): Taxonomy and phylogeny of Pseudochaetosphaeronema associated with rubber trees from Yunnan Province, China. MycoKeys 128: 301-322, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.128.182163
