identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7D5B87FDBB7BF775FF7672FCFD1BFD15.text	7D5B87FDBB7BF775FF7672FCFD1BFD15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loewinella Hermann 1912	<div><p>Genus Loewinella Hermann, 1912</p><p>Löwinella Hermann, 1912: 104 .</p><p>Loewinella emended spelling accepted by the ICZN Code, Articles 27, 32c.</p><p>Type-Species: Atomosia virescens Loew, 1871 .</p><p>Type repository: Museum für Naturkunde Berlin</p><p>Generic Diagnosis</p><p>Small flies (body length: 6.5–10mm); mystax lacking dorsoventrally flattened, "scale-like" setae in both sexes; ratio of width of one eye to width of frons from anterior view is greater than 1.5; pedicel slightly shorter than scape; postpedicel uniformly wide with a somewhat large stylus (smaller than half the length of postpedicel) and a spine-like setae at its dorsal apex, roughly 1.5 times longer than combined length of scape and pedicel; scutum and abdominal tergites shiny, uniformly punctate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D5B87FDBB7BF775FF7672FCFD1BFD15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kavya, Gireesh P.;Bijoy, Chenthamarakshan;Poulose, Gigi;Cohen, Chris M.	Kavya, Gireesh P., Bijoy, Chenthamarakshan, Poulose, Gigi, Cohen, Chris M. (2026): First record of Loewinella Hermann, 1912 (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae) from India, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5741 (3): 582-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.3.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.3.9
7D5B87FDBB7BF775FF76710DFA13F805.text	7D5B87FDBB7BF775FF76710DFA13F805.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loewinella Hermann 1912	<div><p>Key to Loewinella species – male specimens only</p><p>(modified from Londt 1982)</p><p>1 Mystax predominantly black; abdominal terga with a few long red setae medially (Palaearctic – Russia, Kazakhstan, China)............................................................................... .. L. nitidicollis Lehr, 1958</p><p>- Mystax predominantly white with at most 2 or 3 black setae; abdominal terga without long red setae................... 2</p><p>2 Ocellar setae pale yellow............................................................................... 3</p><p>- Ocellar setae dark reddish-brown to black.................................................................. 5</p><p>3 Femora uniformly yellow; discal setae on terga black; gonocoxite with a rounded projection subbasally on margin proximal to subepandrial sclerite and with two stout spine-like structures apically in lateral view (Afrotropical – Niger)............................................................................................... L. aphaea Seguy, 1950</p><p>- Femora dark reddish-brown dorsally; discal setae on terga pale yellow; gonocoxite with three or more apical spine-like structures, with no such rounded projection subbasally in lateral view........................................... 4</p><p>4 Hind femora somewhat arcuate and mostly dark reddish-brown (as in Londt, 1982: 230, fig. 12); subepandrial sclerite conical apically; gonocoxite rounded basally, elongated apically (Oriental – Pakistan)..................... L. lehri Londt, 1982</p><p>- Hind femora straight and predominantly orange, but dark reddish-brown dorsally; subepandrial sclerite digitiform apically; gonocoxite subrectangular basally, tapering apically (Palaearctic – Russia, Iran, Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan, South European Territory, South Caucasus region, all republics of Central Asia)........................... L. virescens (Loew, 1871)</p><p>5 Anepimeron with a large shiny area lacking pruinescence..................................................... 6</p><p>- Anepimeron evenly pruinose with a dull appearance......................................................... 8</p><p>6 Femora uniformly black; subepandrial sclerite subrectangular laterally and apically concave (Afrotropical – Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa, Madagascar)............................................... L. nigripes Engel, 1929</p><p>- Femora uniformly yellow; subepandrial sclerite tapering apically in lateral view................................... 7</p><p>7 A pair of black mystacal macrosetae present centrally; scutum shiny black, white setose; epandrium broader than gonocoxite, bulbous in lateral view; subepandrial sclerite slender, strongly tapering apically in lateral view (Afrotropical – Ivory Coast)................................................................................. L. eburacta Londt, 1982</p><p>- Black mystacal macrosetae absent centrally; scutum shiny blue-black, yellow setose; epandrium slender than gonocoxite and elongated in lateral view; subepandrial sclerite robust, relatively broader, slightly tapering apically in lateral view (Afrotropical – Nigeria)...................................................................... .. L. deemingi Londt, 1982</p><p>8 Femora strongly arcuate as in Londt (1982: 230, fig. 13) and predominantly dark red-brown in male; vertex with a shiny area between ocellarium and antennal base; subepandrial sclerite broader medially and tapering both basally and apically (Afrotropical – Congo)........................................................... L. arcuata (Curran, 1927)</p><p>- Femora not arcuate and uniformly brownish-yellow in male; vertex uniformly pruinose; subepandrial sclerite broader both basally and medially, tapering apically.................................................................... 9</p><p>9 Scutum metallic blue-black; scutellum without black marginal setae; abdominal tergites more densely punctate than scutum; subepandrial sclerite with knob-like projection apically in lateral view; terminalia as in Figs. 7A–E (Oriental – India)................................................................................... L. kalasamalaensis sp. nov.</p><p>- Scutum shiny black; scutellum with two weak, black marginal setae; abdominal tergites uniformly punctate like scutum; subepandrial sclerite slightly conical without knob-like projection apically (Afrotropical – Namibia).................................................................................................... L. flavipes Londt, 1982</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D5B87FDBB7BF775FF76710DFA13F805	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kavya, Gireesh P.;Bijoy, Chenthamarakshan;Poulose, Gigi;Cohen, Chris M.	Kavya, Gireesh P., Bijoy, Chenthamarakshan, Poulose, Gigi, Cohen, Chris M. (2026): First record of Loewinella Hermann, 1912 (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae) from India, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5741 (3): 582-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.3.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.3.9
7D5B87FDBB7AF77EFF7676E1FD7DFC24.text	7D5B87FDBB7AF77EFF7676E1FD7DFC24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loewinella kalasamalaensis Kavya & Bijoy 2026	<div><p>Loewinella kalasamalaensis Kavya &amp; Bijoy sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Metallic blue flies; frons brownish-black, silver pruinose; face upper half pale yellow and lower half silvery-white pruinose (Figs 3B, D, 4E), vertex silver pruinose (Figs 3C, E); mystacal macrosetae white, 2 black downcurved macrosetae above facial gibbosity (Figs 3A, 4E); antennae brownish-black (Figs 3B, 4C–D); scutum and scutellum metallic blue-black, punctate, white setose (Figs 5A–F); legs uniformly yellowish-orange, all tarsi darker towards apex with last tarsomeres brownish-black (Fig. 8A); scutellum with short white discal and marginal setae (Figs 5D–F); abdominal tergites metallic blue, punctate, white setose (Fig. 6B); tergites with long white macrosetae laterally and also along the posterior margin of T7 (Figs 6A–B).</p><p>Description of male holotype. Length. Body: 4.5 mm; wing: 3.5 mm.</p><p>Head. (Figs 3B–E, 4A–E) antenna black, scape (1) and pedicel (2) black setose and postpedicel (3) white setose; postpedicel about twice length of scape and pedicel combined with a short spine-like setae at its apex; stylus (4) subequal in length to scape (Figs 3B–D); scape and pedicel with few long, black setae laterally and postpedicel and stylus micropubescent without any distinct setae; frons silver pruinose, ratio of width of one eye to width of frons from anterior view&gt; 1.5, face with upper half pale yellow pruinose and lower half silvery-white pruinose; facial gibbosity weakly developed, restricted to lower third of head; mystacal macrosetae white; pair of black facial macrosetae above facial protuberance; row of black orbital setae; well-developed ocellar region with pair of black setae on ocellar tubercle; postocular macrosetae black, stout; occiput covered with grey pruinosity (Fig. 4A); vertex evenly silver pruinose; occipital setae weakly developed; lower occipital setae pale yellow; palpus black, white setose; proboscis black, labial setae pale yellow. Thorax. (Figs 5A–F). Metallic blue-black, white setose, medial and lateral scutal stripes absent; scutum and scutellum metallic blue-black, uniformly punctate. Chaetotaxy: Pronotum yellow setose, row of fine yellow macrosetae on antepronotum; postpronotal lobe yellow setose; scutum whitish-grey tomentose, macrosetae: one notopleural, one supra-alar, and one postalar; acrostichal setae and dorsocentral setae indistinct; scutellum with short, white discal and marginal setae, marginal scutellar macrosetae absent; pleura white setose, pair of short, black, stout anatergal macrosetae; katatergite with long yellowish macrosetae; anepisternum and katepisternum bare; meron bare, metanepisternum with fine, pale yellow setae. Wing. (Fig. 6C) hyaline; concolour microtrichia extend entirely along wing margin; wing cells pink or green iridescent under stereomicroscope (depending on the light angle); veins dark brown; R2+3 joins R1, cell r 1 closed; r-m vein absent; cell r 5 open; third medial cell closed with long stalk; alula reduced; haltere pale yellow. Legs. Slender, uniformly yellowish-orange; femora not arcuate; tarsomeres darker towards distal segments; claws black, empodium absent; pulvillus yellow. Mostly, yellow setose ventrally and black setose dorsally; macrosetae mostly yellow and few black; fore femur with two posterolateral macrosetae, mid femur and hind femur yellow setose; fore tibia with 5–8 dorsal and one ventral macrosetae; mid tibia with 3–5 dorsal and three ventral macrosetae; hind tibia with 2–3 dorsal and ventral. Abdomen. (Figs 6A–B) Slender, tergites metallic blue, more densely punctate than scutum with uniform, fine white setae; sternites brown, apunctate; white lateral marginal macrosetae present in each tergites and also along posterior margin of T7.</p><p>Terminalia. (Figs 7A–E) Brownish-yellow, short, yellowish-white setose; epandrium large, single sclerite, rounded anteriorly, subrectangular posterolaterally, dorsally setose (Figs 7A–B, E); cercus small, rectangular anteriorly, conical postero-medially, dorsally setose (Figs 7A–B, E); Subepandrial sclerite subrectangular anteriorly, tapering posteriorly forming knob-like projection laterally; dorsally outer margin folded inward and inner margin straight with medial depression; dorsally setose (Figs 7A–B, E); gonocoxite rounded anteriorly, conical posteriorly, setose dorsally and posteriorly (Fig. 7D–E); gonostylus obtuse anteriorly, rectangular posteriorly with small depression medio-laterally (Fig. 7D–E); hypandrium subtriangular (Fig. 7D).</p><p>Female. Lengths. Body: 6.2–6.8 mm; wing: 4.8–5.2 mm. Slightly larger but very similar to the male in body characteristics and features.</p><p>Variation. In one female specimen, R2 +3 has a bifurcation at the wing apex.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is given after the name of the type locality, Kalasamala, Thrissur, Kerala, India.</p><p>Distribution. India: Kerala: Thrissur (Kalasamala) (Figs 2, 8E).</p><p>Ecology. A significant number of collection events for this species have been recorded in June, with a peak in July and then a gradual decline in August. The feeding and mating activities were observed between 10 a.m. and 3 p. m., when there was ample sunlight.</p><p>Material examined. 16♂, 28♀. Holotype, 1♂ INDIA: Kerala, Thrissur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.08963&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.671176" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.08963/lat 10.671176)">Kalasamala</a>, 20 m, 10° 40' 16.2336''N, 76° 05' 22.668''E, 14.vi.2024, leg. Kavya G. Pillai (ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV.30034) . Paratypes: 2♂, 5♀ same data as holotype (CCSERLA854, CCSERLA855, CCSERLA805, CCSERLA806, CCSERLA807, CCSERLA852, CCSERLA853); 3♂, 3♀ same as holotype except date, 18.vii.2024 (CCSERLA821, CCSERLA825, CCSERLA826, CCSERLA823, CCSERLA824, CCSERLA 827); 2♂, 4♀ INDIA: Kerala, Thrissur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.08963&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.670898" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.08963/lat 10.670898)">Kalasamala</a>, 20 m, 10° 40' 15.2340''N, 76° 05' 22.668''E, 11.vi.2023, leg. Kavya G. Pillai (CCSERLA834, CCSERLA837, CCSERLA829, CCSERLA831, CCSERLA832, CCSERLA835) ; 3♂, 6♀ same as previous, except for date of collection, 17.vii.2023 (CCSERLA1120, CCSERLA1121, CCSERLA1122, CCSERLA838, CCSERLA839, CCSERLA840, CCSERLA841, CCSERLA1123, CCSERLA1124); 2♂, 3♀ INDIA: Kerala, Thrissur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.08871&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.671098" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.08871/lat 10.671098)">Kalasamala</a>, 70 m, 10° 40' 15.95''N, 76° 05' 19.33''E, 06.viii.2023, leg. Kavya G. Pillai (CCSERLA451, CCSERLA452, CCSERLA453, CCSERLA454, CCSERLA455) ; 2♂, 5♀ INDIA: Kerala, Thrissur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.08849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.671711" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.08849/lat 10.671711)">Kalasamala</a>, 77 m, 10° 40' 18.16''N, 76° 05' 18.57''E, 24.vii.2024 leg. Kavya G. Pillai (CCSERLA1125, CCSERLA1126, CCSERLA1127, CCSERLA1128, CCSERLA1129, CCSERLA1130, CCSERLA1131) ; 1♂, 2♀ same as previous, except for date of collection, 05.viii.2024 (ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV.30035, ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV.30036, ZSI/WGRC/IR/INV.30037) .</p><p>Holotype condition. Good; terminalia dissected.</p><p>Comparative diagnosis. Loewinella kalasamalaensis sp. nov. can be easily separated from all other Loewinella species by the presence of a knob-like projection on the subepandrial sclerite apically. The most similar species is L. flavipes Londt, 1982 . However, a comparison of the holotype images, original description, and illustrations of terminalia reveals minor differences. Frons without a pair of silvery, downcurved setae on the upper half (a pair of silvery, downcurved setae present in L. flavipes). Occiput of both L. flavipes and L. kalasamalaensis sp. nov. has silvery pruinescence close to eye margins, but L. kalasamalaensis sp. nov. has some submedial oblique striae. Scutellum metallic blue without black marginal setae (shiny black and with 2 weak, black, marginal setae in L. flavipes). Abdominal tergites are metallic blue and more heavily punctate than scutum (vs shiny bluish-black and uniformly punctate like scutum in L. flavipes).</p><p>The comparative diagnostic characters of L. kalasamalaensis sp. nov. and other congeners from the Oriental and Palaearctic regions are summarised in the table 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D5B87FDBB7AF77EFF7676E1FD7DFC24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kavya, Gireesh P.;Bijoy, Chenthamarakshan;Poulose, Gigi;Cohen, Chris M.	Kavya, Gireesh P., Bijoy, Chenthamarakshan, Poulose, Gigi, Cohen, Chris M. (2026): First record of Loewinella Hermann, 1912 (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae) from India, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5741 (3): 582-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5741.3.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5741.3.9
