identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
199F827498375795BB643FEFA63096D9.text	199F827498375795BB643FEFA63096D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplomaragna gracilipes (Verhoeff 1914)	<div><p>Diplomaragna gracilipes (Verhoeff, 1914)</p><p>Figs 7 A – F, 8 A – H</p><p>Syntelopodeuma gracilipes Verhoeff 1914: 364, figs 10–14; Verhoeff 1936: 168 –170; Verhoeff 1939: 114, 116; Takakuwa and Takashima 1944: 23 (list), 24, 30; Takashima 1949: 19 (list); Takakuwa 1954: 125, figs 142–144; Paik 1958: 362 (list); Wang 1958: 343; Miyosi 1959: 53, 126, 219, figs 173, 173 ’, 173 ’’; Miyosi 1968: 2; Ishii 1991: 24.</p><p>Syntelopodeuma gracilis (sic) — Miyosi 1966: 67.</p><p>Diplomaragna gracilipes — Shear 1990: 32, figs 83–87; Lim et al. 1992: 329, 332, 334; Shear 1999: 12, 15; Mikhaljova 2000: 174; Mikhaljova and Lim 2000: 150; Lim 2001: 38 (list), 111, 200 (list), figs 125–129, 249, map 26; Ishii 2004: 395; Mikhaljova and Lim 2008: 58, 60; Mikhaljova et al. 2010: 41, 45; Mikhaljova and Korsós 2015: 570; Nguyen et al. 2016: 45, 46 (list); National Institute of Biological Resources 2019: 597 (list); Kim et al. 2023: 140 (list).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Japan — Hokkaido Prefecture • Hokkaido Island, Hakodate City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=141.12973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.83583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 141.12973/lat 41.83583)">Egamiyama-chô</a>, 41°50'09"N, 141°07'47"E; ca. 40 m a. s. l.; 6. X. 2023; N. Hirakizawa leg.; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, CBM-ZU 1355 –1357 • same locality; 6. X. 2023; R. Kuwahara leg.; 1 ♂, CBM-ZU 1358 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body length 14.3 mm (n = 1).</p><p>Coloration. Body clay-yellow (Fig. 7 A, B). Legs and antennae light purple (Fig. 7 A, B). Ommatidia black. Ommatidia number 27–29.</p><p>Body with 32 rings (including collum and telson). Paranota well developed, especially on ring 7 (Fig. 7 A, B). Metatergite mostly smooth. Macrochaetae long; exterior macrochaetae longest, directed obliquely posteriorly; median and interior macrochaetae subequal in length (Fig. 7 A, B).</p><p>Legs long and slender (Fig. 7 A). Leg pairs 1 and 2 reduced in size with tarsal brushes. Seminal openings behind coxa of leg pair 2. Leg pairs 10 and 11 with coxal glands. Coxae 10 without modifications. Coxae 11 with three finger-like projections (Fig. 7 C).</p><p>Anterior gonopods (Fig. 7 D – F): coxosternum bottleneck-shaped medially, with widened basal region (Fig. 7 D). Anterior gonopod telopodite slender, single-membered (Fig. 7 E), gradually tapering distally, and distal part sharply pointed; basal portion slightly thickened, covered with spinules (Figs 7 E, 7 F, 8 A).</p><p>Posterior gonopods in anterior view (Fig. 8 F): anterior angiocoxal processes passing mesially between colpocoxites, through notches on each side. Anterior angiocoxal process slightly robust, distally acuminate and undivided (Fig. 8 A). Anterior angiocoxal mesal corner rounded (Fig. 8 F).</p><p>Colpocoxites basally fused, undivided (Fig. 8 F). Colpocoxite tip slightly curved posteriorly (Fig. 8 A). In posterior view, colpocoxites distally sheathing distal part of anterior angiocoxal process (Fig. 8 A); proximal delicate margins lying close along anterior gonopod telopodite (Fig. 8 A). Posterior angiocoxal process simple and narrow, meeting in midline (Fig. 7 E). Posterior gonopod telopodite two-segmented; prefemur club-shaped and femur ovoid (Fig. 8 G).</p><p>Female. Body length 13.5 mm (n = 1). Legs more slender than in male; paranota of ring 7 less developed than in male. Vulvae (Fig. 8 H): operculum distally bilobed; inner valve significantly narrower than outer one, widest at caudal and cranial end, narrowest at place where both vulvae meet; both valves separate by a distinct depression and each showing a row of setae at outer margin, surface of valves between both rows of setae with warty to spiculiform outgrowths, which cover most of surface of outer valve, forming a rectangular field, while restricted on a ridge at inner valve; inner caudally with an outward-facing ridge that fits into a cavity of outer valve. Other somatic characters as in male.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The family Diplomaragnidae includes 14 genera and at least 95 species, distributed across the Asian part of Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan (Mikhaljova 2021). In Hokkaido (excluding the southern Kuril Islands), four species — D. gracilipes, D. hokkaidensis (Verhoeff, 1939), D. tsurusakii Shear, 1990, and Tokyosoma takakuwai Verhoeff, 1929 — are known (Verhoeff 1914, 1939; Shear 1990; Nishikawa and Murakami 1991).</p><p>The specimens collected from Egamiyama-chô, Hakodate City, Hokkaido, Japan (formerly Todohokke Village), are largely consistent with Verhoeff’s (1914) original description of D. gracilipes . These specimens were collected from leaf litter in a Japanese cedar ( C. japonica) plantation; adults of D. gracilipes were collected in October.</p><p>Diplomaragna gracilipes was redescribed by Shear (1990) based on Dr. Verhoeff’s original microscope slide preparations. Shear (1990) stated that the type material consisted of four microscope slides, but did not provide specimen numbers. Comparison with images available via GBIF (SNSB collection) indicates that these four slides correspond to ZSM A 20032257 – A 20032260 (SNSB 2025 b – 2025 e), detailed as follows: (1) head of a male and leg pairs 1–4 (ZSM A 20032260); (2) gonopods, leg pairs 5 and 6, and fragments of tergites (ZSM A 20032259); (3) leg pairs 7–12 and fragments of tergites (ZSM A 20032258); and (4) head of a female, leg pairs 1–6, and fragments of tergites (ZSM A 20032257). However, the SNSB collections also include a fifth microscope slide that was not mentioned by Shear (1990). This slide is considered to represent the specimen illustrated by Verhoeff (1914), as he illustrated the gonopods not separated into parts, except for the coxosternum (Fig. 8 D, E).</p><p>Shear (1990) illustrated the tips of the posterior gonopod colpocoxites as unciform (largely curved posteriorly), probably based on Fig. 8 B (ZSM A 20032259 in SNSB 2025 d). In contrast, SEM observations of specimens collected in the present study reveal that the colpocoxites are not unciform; rather, their tips are only slightly curved posteriorly (Fig. 8 A), consistent with both Verhoeff's (1914) original description and the image of the syntype specimen (Fig. 8 C, E; ZSM A 20034297 in SNSB 2025 f). Since the slide of ZSM A 20034297 was not included among the four slides listed by Shear (1990), it is likely that he did not examine the specimen during his redescription.</p><p>In summary, these findings suggest that the colpocoxite tips in the slide specimen redescribed by Shear (1990) may have become unciform due to artificial manipulation, such as compression during slide preparation. In D. gracilipes, the colpocoxite tips are therefore more likely to be only slightly curved posteriorly, as illustrated by Verhoeff (1914) (Fig. 8 E) and in the present study (Fig. 8 A).</p><p>Although D. gracilipes has been recorded from Korea (Takakuwa and Takashima 1944; Takakuwa 1954; Paik 1958; Lim et al. 1992) and Taiwan (Wang 1958), these records have been noted as misidentifications or are considered doubtful (Shear 1999; Mikhaljova and Lim 2000, 2008; Mikhaljova and Korsós 2015). Lim (2001) also recorded D. gracilipes from Jeju Island, Korea, but provided no specific photographs or illustrations. There are also records from “Honshu”, Japan (Takakuwa and Takashima 1944; Takashima 1949; Takakuwa 1954), but these lack specific locality data. Furthermore, Ishii (1991, 2004) recorded this species from the Kanto region of Honshu, but no photographs or illustrations were provided, and the basis for identification was not stated. Since the family Diplomaragnidae is classified based on gonopod morphology (Shear 1990; Mikhaljova 2000), records lacking identification characters are treated as doubtful in the present study. Consequently, reliable records of D. gracilipes are currently known only from Hokkaido.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/199F827498375795BB643FEFA63096D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hirakizawa, Natsuki;Kuwahara, Ryosuke;Yamauchi, Takeo	Hirakizawa, Natsuki, Kuwahara, Ryosuke, Yamauchi, Takeo (2026): Redescriptions of poorly known millipedes (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida) collected by Mr. Hans Sauter in Hokkaido, Japan, with inferences on their type localities. ZooKeys 1285: 147-166, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1285.186772
E5333110BE595F80BBD4C5E1E674A5E3.text	E5333110BE595F80BBD4C5E1E674A5E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Japanosoma scabrum Verhoeff 1914	<div><p>Japanosoma scabrum Verhoeff, 1914</p><p>Figs 1 A – G, 2 A – C, 3 A – F</p><p>Japanosoma scabrum Verhoeff 1914: 347, figs 1–4; Takashima 1949: 19 (list); Takakuwa 1954: 122, figs 139, 140; Miyosi 1959: 124, figs 172, 172 ’; Miyosi 1966: 67; Miyosi 1968: 2; Shear 1987: 22, figs 1–6; Shinohara 1991: 70; Shinohara and Tanabe 1999: 678; Oliveira-Biener et al. 2012: 266, fig. 2; Shinohara et al. 2015: 974.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Japan — Hokkaido Prefecture • Hokkaido Island, Hakodate City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=141.14278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.826942" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 141.14278/lat 41.826942)">Shin-esan-chô</a>; ca. 40 m a. s. l.; 41°49'37"N, 141°08'34"E; 29. III. 2025; A. Nomura leg.; 1 ♂ • same locality; 29. III. 2025; A. Nomura leg.; 1 ♀, CBM-ZU 1348 • same locality; 11. IV. 2025; N. Hirakizawa leg.; 1 ♂, CBM-ZU 1349 • same locality; 11. IV. 2025; N. Hirakizawa leg.; 1 ♀ • same locality; 11. IV. 2025; R. Kuwahara leg.; 1 ♂ • same locality; 11. IV. 2025; N. Hirakizawa and R. Kuwahara leg.; 1 ♂, CBM-ZU 1350 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body length 7.0– 7.7 mm (n = 3).</p><p>Coloration. Body pale-brown and dull (Fig. 1 A). Legs white and antennae whitish purple (Fig. 1 A). Ommatidia deep black. Ommatidia number 17–19.</p><p>Body with 30 rings (including collum and telson); paranota not very well developed (Fig. 1 B). Metatergite very densely covered with deep, minute pits; pits gradually becoming shallower toward the surrounding smooth surface, without sharp boundary (Fig. 1 C). Macrochaetae extremely short; three pairs of macrochaetae subequal in length (Fig. 1 C).</p><p>All legs, except posterior legs, with small warts from coxa to tarsus (Fig. 1 D). Leg pairs 1 and 2 slightly reduced in size with tarsal brushes. Seminal openings behind coxa of leg pair 2. Leg pair 3 without modifications (Fig. 1 E). Leg pair 4 femur slightly enlarged with cylindrical knob mesially (Fig. 1 F). Leg pairs 5–7 without modifications. Leg pair 10 with coxal glands and dome-like humps (Fig. 1 G). Leg pair 11 without coxal glands and other modifications.</p><p>Anterior gonopods (Fig. 2 A – C). In both anterior and posterior view distal parts of angiocoxite curved laterad (Fig. 2 A, C). In anterior view, distal part of angiocoxite narrow. In posterior view, bearing three branches; anterior branch with blunt apex (Fig. 2 B, C); posterior branch with marginal spiniform projections from midlength to distal end, apex acute (Fig. 2 B, C); basal branch small, directed mesially (Fig. 2 C).</p><p>Posterior gonopods (Fig. 3 A – E). In anterior view, coxa with smooth and transparent process, its apex bifid and curved posteriorly (Fig. 3 A, B). In posterior view, coxa with rounded process and fimbriate process (Fig. 3 C, D). Prefemur and basal half of femur with numerous small, acute warts; femur swollen (Fig. 3 E).</p><p>Female. Body length 8.3–8.4 mm (n = 2). Vulvae as in Fig. 3 F, external lobe of bursa broader than internal lobe, both lobes with a row of setae. Other somatic characters as in male.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The family Conotylidae contains 16 genera and approximately 65 species, distributed in the Nearctic, Japan, and the Russian Far East (Enghoff et al. 2015). In Hokkaido (excluding the southern Kuril Islands), four species ( J. scabrum, Yasudatyla hidakaensis Shear &amp; Tsurusaki, 1995, Y. shariensis Shear &amp; Tsurusaki, 1995, and Y. yasudai Shear &amp; Tsurusaki, 1995) are known (Verhoeff 1914; Shear and Tsurusaki 1995).</p><p>The morphological characteristics of the specimens collected from Shin-esan-chô, Hakodate City, Hokkaido, Japan (formerly Todohokke Village), are consistent with the original description of J. scabrum by Verhoeff (1914). Japanosoma scabrum (the only species of the genus Japanosoma) has not been recorded since its original description; therefore, the present study represents the second record of this species. These specimens were collected under stones and from leaf litter in a forest where a Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D. Don) plantation adjoins a broad-leaved forest, collected in late March and April.</p><p>Japanosoma scabrum was redescribed by Shear (1987) based on Dr. Verhoeff’s original microscope slide preparations used for the original description (Verhoeff 1914). In addition, extended depth-of-field photographs of the syntype specimen of J. scabrum were provided by Oliveira-Biener et al. (2012). Shear (1987: 24, figs 7–9) redescribed the posterior gonopods, stating that “ the coxae bear two prominent coxite branches each, the anterior flattened and with posterior fimbriae and the posterior smooth and strongly curved anteriad, ”. However, in the present study, smooth and transparent processes were observed on the anterior surface, with apices bifid and curved posteriorly (Fig. 3 A, B), while rounded and fimbriate processes were present on the posterior surface (Fig. 3 C, D). Although it is difficult to infer the anterior-posterior relationship of the coxal processes of the posterior gonopods from microscope slide preparations (ZSM A 20034295 in SNSB 2025 a), our SEM observations clarified their positional arrangement. Furthermore, the arrangement of these processes can be confirmed in the extended depth-of-field photographs (Fig. 2 D in Oliveira-Biener et al. 2012).</p><p>Although not mentioned by Verhoeff (1914) or Shear (1987), a short cylindrical knob was observed on the femur of the male leg pair 4 (Fig. 1 F). This knob closely resembles those found on the third and fourth leg pairs of males of the genus Yasudatyla Shear &amp; Tsurusaki, 1995 in the family Conotylidae (see Shear and Tsurusaki 1995; figs 1, 2). The characteristics of male leg pairs 3 and 4 in East Asian Conotylidae are summarized in Table 1, and these characteristics are considered useful for genus identification.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E5333110BE595F80BBD4C5E1E674A5E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hirakizawa, Natsuki;Kuwahara, Ryosuke;Yamauchi, Takeo	Hirakizawa, Natsuki, Kuwahara, Ryosuke, Yamauchi, Takeo (2026): Redescriptions of poorly known millipedes (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida) collected by Mr. Hans Sauter in Hokkaido, Japan, with inferences on their type localities. ZooKeys 1285: 147-166, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1285.186772
C8DEEBF8D5695F4EBF34CBDDAD5E643E.text	C8DEEBF8D5695F4EBF34CBDDAD5E643E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrochaeteuma sauteri Verhoeff 1914	<div><p>Macrochaeteuma sauteri Verhoeff, 1914</p><p>Figs 4 A – F, 5 A – F, 6 A – F</p><p>Macrochaeteuma sauteri Verhoeff, 1914: 354, figs 5–9; Takashima 1949: 19 (list); Takakuwa 1954: 122, figs 139, 140; Miyosi 1958 a: 177; Miyosi 1959: 130, figs 178, 178 ’, 178 ’’, 178 ’’’; Miyosi 1966: 67; Miyosi 1968: 2; Shinohara and Tanabe 1999: 678; Shinohara et al. 2015: 974.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Japan — Hokkaido Prefecture • Hokkaido Island, Hakodate City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=141.14278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.826942" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 141.14278/lat 41.826942)">Shin-esan-chô</a>; 41°49'37"N, 141°08'34"E; ca. 40 m a. s. l.; 29. III. 2025; A. Nomura leg.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, CBM-ZU 1351 –1352 • same locality; 29. III. 2025; A. Nomura leg.; 1 ♂ • same locality; 11. IV. 2025; N. Hirakizawa leg.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, CBM-ZU 1353 –1354 • same locality; 11. IV. 2025; N. Hirakizawa leg.; 1 ♂ .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body length 5.3–6.6 mm (n = 4).</p><p>Coloration. Body, legs, and antennae completely white (Fig. 4 A). Ommatidia deep black (Fig. 4 A). Ommatidia number seven.</p><p>Body with 28 rings (including collum and telson); paranota not very well developed and metatergite not flat (Fig. 4 B). Macrochaetae long, saber-shaped; three pairs of macrochaetae subequal in length (Fig. 4 B).</p><p>Leg pairs 1 and 2 reduced in size with conical prefemoral process on inner side bearing seta; tarsal brushes present (Fig. 4 C, D). Seminal openings behind coxa of leg pair 2 (Fig. 4 D). Leg pairs 4 and 7 with conical coxal process (Fig. 4 E, F). Leg pairs 3, 5, and 6 without modifications. Leg pairs 10 and 11 with coxal glands, without processes.</p><p>Anterior gonopods (Fig. 5 A – E). In anterior view, median part of syncoxite with long setae directed upward in upper half and sparse, short setae in lower half; median process directed downward (Fig. 5 A). Lateral portions of syncoxite broad, with marginal setae (Fig. 5 B). Posterior edge arched medially, with paired triangular projections (Fig. 5 C); distal part bearing long setae on both anterior and dorsal surfaces (Fig. 5 C). Each side with three branches: lateral lobe (“ Seitenlappen ” in Verhoeff 1914), horn (“ Hörner des Syncoxit ” in Verhoeff 1914), and large flagellum (“ Pseudoflagella ” in Verhoeff 1914) (Fig. 5 A, B). Lateral lobe obliquely inclined inward, with 1–3 setae at tip (Fig. 5 A, B). Horn slightly curved, apex somewhat acute (Fig. 5 A, B). Shaft of flagellum thick and bare; thin distal portion with extremely fine processes (Fig. 5 A, D). In posterior view, syntelopodite deformed, with median pocket; base of syntelopodite with two small peg-like structures (Fig. 5 E).</p><p>Posterior gonopods (Fig. 5 F). Prefemur gradually narrowed distally; coxa with process bearing fine setae apically (Fig. 5 F). Femur followed by a small terminal segment (Fig. 5 F).</p><p>Female. Body length 6.5–7.5 mm (n = 2). Coloration completely white (Fig. 6 A). Leg pair 1 with one large seta on inner side of coxa and prefemur, femur with two large and two smaller setae, an enlarged seta on postfemur and tibia (Fig. 6 B). Coxa of leg pair 2 with short, seta-bearing process; prefemur with 2–3 setae on inner side (Fig. 6 C).</p><p>Vulvae (Fig. 6 D – F). In posterior view, basal part with a few setae (Fig. 6 D, E). Distal part protruding into rounded lobes (Fig. 6 E, F) Other somatic characters as in male.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The family Macrochaeteumatidae is monospecific, comprising a single genus and a single species, M. sauteri, and is known only from Japan (Enghoff et al. 2015).</p><p>The specimens collected from Shin-esan-chô, Hakodate City, Hokkaido, Japan (formerly Todohokke Village), are largely consistent with Verhoeff’s (1914) original description of M. sauteri . Macrochaeteuma sauteri has not been recorded since its original description; thus, the present study constitutes the second record of this species. These specimens were collected from leaf litter in a forest where a Japanese cedar ( C. japonica) plantation adjoins a broad-leaved forest, adults of M. sauteri being collected in April.</p><p>In some specimens, the distal part of the lateral lobe of the anterior gonopod appears concave (Fig. 5 A), which is likely an artifact of ethanol preservation. This structure is considered to be originally triangular, as in Fig. 5 C. Among the four examined individuals, two exhibited a concave shape, whereas the other two retained a triangular shape.</p><p>The vulvae (Fig. 6 D – F) are consistent with the structure illustrated by Verhoeff (1914), and the rounded lobe may represent a spermatophore.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C8DEEBF8D5695F4EBF34CBDDAD5E643E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hirakizawa, Natsuki;Kuwahara, Ryosuke;Yamauchi, Takeo	Hirakizawa, Natsuki, Kuwahara, Ryosuke, Yamauchi, Takeo (2026): Redescriptions of poorly known millipedes (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida) collected by Mr. Hans Sauter in Hokkaido, Japan, with inferences on their type localities. ZooKeys 1285: 147-166, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1285.186772
