identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7E7FE052FFBEFFAA79E75DD61264F6EF.text	7E7FE052FFBEFFAA79E75DD61264F6EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypanthracos paranaensis Dellape & Fuentes 2025	<div><p>Hypanthracos paranaensis Dellapé &amp; Fuentes sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: E05C2A43-EBAE-4813-892E-667BCE439E3C</p><p>(Figs. 1–2)</p><p>Etymology. The Latin suffix - ensis means “living”, “inhabiting”, “belonging to” or “coming from”, and was given in reference to the collection sites, in natural and artificial wetlands fed by the Paraná River.</p><p>Holotype. Male. Argentina, Corrientes, Empedrado, Manuel Derqui, 1/II/2023, Giese &amp; Fuentes cols., on rice Oryza sativa L . Paratypes. Female, Argentina, Chaco, Rio Tragadero, near Puente Tragadero (acceso Antequeras), 5/III/2020, Fuentes col., on water hyacinth Pontederia crassipes Mart. Female, Argentina, Corrientes, Reserva Natural Laguna Brava, 3/XII/2021, Fuentes col., on wetland plant mix including P. crassipes, Typha sp. and Pistia sp., among others.</p><p>Diagnosis. General coloration dark castaneous dorsally with some small and scattered lighter areas, and dark castaneous to black ventrally (Fig. 1A, 2A). Antennomeres 1 and 2 black, antennomere 3 castaneous, and two third distal of antennomere 4 and antennomere 5 black and setose (Fig. 1D). Labium castaneous, first labiomere dark castaneous to black. Legs castaneous, distal two third of profemora, and distal half of meso and metafemora dark castaneous to black (Fig. 1B, 2B). Hemelytra reaching to or barely surpassing apex of abdomen. Posterolateral angles of urosternite 7 developed into acute processes in males, obtuse in females. Males (Figs. 1E–J) with pygophore trapezoidal, posterolateral angles rounded and slightly developed; dorsal rim of pygophore without processes; conjunctiva with three pairs of lobes, and four pairs of processes: process 3 Y-shaped and very sclerotized apically; process 4 entirely membranous, with rounded apex. Females (Fig. 2F) with valvifers 8 convex, shorter than laterotergites 9, mesial margins parallel and separated from each other, not juxtaposed, posterior margins slightly sinuous with setae conspicuous.</p><p>Description</p><p>Measurements (n=3, male/female). Total length 12.51/12.64; width of abdomen (on 3rd sternite) 5.6/5.78; head length 2.36/2.51; head width (before eyes) 1.28/1.32; pronotum length 3.18/3.21; pronotal width (on humeral angles) 6.21/6.36; scutellum length 4.47/4.46; scutellum width 3.75/3.74; length of antennomeres: I 0.64/0.66; II 0.51/0.52; III 1.49/1.52; IV 1.04/1.08; V 1.17/1.20; length of labiomeres: I 1.93/1.97; II 2.80/2.89; III 1.28/1.31; IV 1.15/1.18.</p><p>Coloration. General coloration dark castaneous dorsally with some small and scattered lighter patches and dark castaneous to black ventrally. Dorsal and ventral surface of body with dense and dark castaneous to black punctures. Antennomeres 1 and 2 black, antennomere 3 castaneous, and two thirds distal of antennomere 4 and antennomere 5 black and setose (Fig. 1D). Labium castaneous, first labiomere dark castaneous to black. Outline of anterolateral margins of pronotum black. Pro-, meso-, metasternum including evaporatorium dark castaneous to black. Legs castaneous, two thirds distal of profemora, and distal half of meso- and metafemora dark castaneous to black (Figs. 1A–C, 2A–C).</p><p>Head. Head longer than wide. Clypeal apex rounded; proximal limit of clypeal suture placed anteriorly to an imaginary line across of eyes. Mandibular plates acute apically, apical portion sinuous and lower than clypeus in lateral view. Anteocular processes absent. Antenniferous tubercles visible in dorsal view, each with a lateral obtuse process. Proportions of antennomeres: 1&gt; 2 &lt;3&gt; 4 &lt;5. Bucculae subrectilinear, reaching head basally. Labium barely surpassing sternite 3; proportion of labiomeres: 1 &lt;2&gt; 3&gt; 4 (Figs. 1A–D, 2A–C).</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum trapezoidal; anterior angles little produced; outline of anterolateral margins concave, flat and smooth; humeral angles developed into small thorn-like processes, directed anterolaterally; posterior margin rectilinear. Scutellum longer than wide; basal angles foveate; foveae smaller than the diameter of a compound eye. Hemelytra reaching to or barely surpassing apex of abdomen. Corium longer than scutellum, barely surpassing apices of abdominal tergite 5; apex of each radial vein punctate. Membrane with veins linear. Mesosternal carina elevated and metasternal furrow shallow, both setose (Figs. 1A–D, 2A–C). Ostiole of external scent efferent system (ESES) elliptical, peritrema spout-shaped, occupying about half of the distance to lateral margin of evaporatorium; evaporatorium occupying less than half of width of metapleuron and mesopleuron; gyrification of evaporatorium with low wrinkles (Fig. 2E). Length of femora slightly longer than tibiae; femora unarmed; tarsi 3-segmented (Fig. 2D).</p><p>Abdomen. Connexivum barely exposed; posterolateral angles of each connexivum obtuse, with yellow-ocher spot; posterolateral angles of urosternite 7 developed into acute processes in males, obtuse in females (Figs. 1A–B, 2A–B).</p><p>Male. Pygophore trapezoidal, posterolateral angles (pa) rounded and slightly developed. Genital cup narrow, occupying less than half the length of pygophore. Dorsal rim (dr) of pygophore medially entire, projecting laterally to segment X, without processes; extension of dorsal rim (edr) well-developed over segment X; ventral rim forming two layers, inferior (ilvr) and superior (slvr), not separated by a carina; area between layers excavated. Superior layer of ventral rim projecting (slvr) slightly towards genital cup; these projections smooth and setose. Superior and inferior layers of ventral rim without processes. Segment X quadrangular, dorsal surface transversely striated, not carinate, without processes; outline sinuous in lateral view. Parameres absent (Fig. 1E–G). Phallus: Dorsal connectives (dc) of articulatory apparatus (aa) long, in relation to distal half of phallotheca. Processus capitati (pc) long, surpassing distal margin of phallotheca. Phallotheca (ph) piriform, as long as wide, without dorsal processes, and with two pairs of small projections: 1 + 1 on posterodorsal margin (pdpph) and 1 + 1 ventrobasal (vbpph). Conjunctiva with three pairs of lobes: lateral, median, and ventral lobes (llcj, mlcj, vlcj), and four pairs of processes: dorsal processes of conjunctiva sclerotized apically, with sharp and blunt apices (pcj1 and pcj2 respectively); medial process Y-shaped and very sclerotized apically (pcj3); ventral process entirely membranous, with rounded apex (pcj4) (Fig. 1H–J).</p><p>Female. Valvifers 8 (vf8) convex, shorter than laterotergites 9 (la9), partially covering valvifers 8; mesial margins parallel and separated from each, not juxtaposed, posterior margins sinuous with conspicuous setae. Laterotergites 8 (la8) projecting posteriorly into acute processes, spiracles absent. Valvifers 9 (vf9) with anterior margins sinuous and posterior margins straight. Laterotergites 9 (la9) triangular, posterior margin obtusely rounded, barely surpassing 8th tergite (Fig. 2F).</p><p>Distribution. ARGENTINA: Chaco and Corrientes provinces (Fig. 3).</p><p>Comments. Hypanthracos paranaensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from H. meridionalis by the coloration of the antennae (antennomeres 1, 2, two-thirds of 4 and 5 black, the latter two with conspicuous setae), by the shape of the pygophore (trapezoidal with rounded and slightly developed posterolateral angles), by the shape of the conjunctiva processes in males, and by the non-juxtaposed mesial margins of the valvifers 8 in females. On the other hand, it differs from H. ditarsus by having 3 tarsomeres, by the coloration of the legs and by the shape of the conjunctiva processes in males.</p><p>Previous research on the genus Hypanthracos has interpreted some male phallus structures differently. Grazia &amp; Campos (1996), for example, refer to two pairs of processes in the phallotheca and four pairs of processes in the male conjunctiva in their original description of the genus and its two species. However, these are misplaced in the figures that accompany the description. Subsequently, in a systematic study of the Mecocephala group, Barros et al. (2020) redescribed H. meridionalis with two pairs of projections on the phallotheca, one on the posterodorsal margin and the other on the ventrobasal margin, without processes. These projections have the same position as the processes of the phallotheca described in the original description of the genus. Furthermore, the authors describe three pairs of apically sclerotized lobes and only two pairs of sclerotized processes in the conjunctiva of the phallus. Finally, in their recent work on the phylogenetic relationships of the Mecocephala group, Barros et al. (2024) provide a redescription of the genus Hypanthracos . Among the morphological characters analysed, the authors describe the character ‘number of apically sclerotized lobes of the conjunctiva’ (76) and assign the state ‘four pairs’ (76:2) to Hypanthracos . They also remark that ‘the presence of four pairs of processes on the conjunctiva is a conspicuous character for the delimitation of Hypanthracos’, using in this case the terms ‘lobe’ and ‘process’ interchangeably.</p><p>Based on previous literature, we have standardised the terminology used and reinterpreted the characteristics of the phallotheca and conjunctiva of male Hypanthracos specimens. This genus can be characterised by having two pairs of projections on the phallotheca (one pair posterodorsal and other ventrobasal), as well as three pairs of membranous lobes and four pairs of processes in the conjunctiva of the phallus. Each lateral lobe of the conjunctiva has two apically sclerotized processes (processes 1 and 2). The median lobe bears the process 3, which is highly sclerotized and shaped like a ‘T’ or ‘Y’ at the apex. The ventral lobe bears process 4, which is entirely membranous.</p><p>These different or misleading interpretations are likely to occur because the genus Hypanthracos is poorly represented in entomological collections, and because descriptions and redescriptions of the known species are often based on a few specimens. Only four specimens of H. meridionalis and two H. ditarsus are known (Grazia &amp; Campos 1996).</p><p>Habitat. The specimens were collected from natural wetlands and rice fields in northeastern Argentina. The natural wetlands studied have part of their surface covered by aquatic plants, such as Pontederia crassipes, P. azurea Sw., Salvinia biloba Raddi, Pistia stratiotes L., Typha latifolia L., Hydrocleys nymphoides (Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Willd.) Buchenau, Thalia multiflora Horkel ex Körn., Potamogeton illinoensis Morong, and others (Martínez et al. 2016; Poi De Neiff &amp; Neiff 2006). Among these plants, P. crassipes is the dominant species, with a wide distribution in Neotropical wetlands (Neiff et al. 2 008). The rice fields in these areas are characterized by the presence of native grassland vegetation, as well as a wide variety of aquatic plants typical of regional wetlands. These aquatic species are dispersed by the Paraná River and enter the rice fields primarily through the irrigation system, making the rice fields resemble natural wetlands in terms of plant species availability (Rolon &amp; Maltchik 2010; Rolon et al. 2017). The rice cultivar planted in the sampled plots was IRGA 424, a short variety that reaches an average height of 0.72 meters in the study area (Fuentes-Rodríguez e t al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E7FE052FFBEFFAA79E75DD61264F6EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dellapé, Gimena;Fuentes, Daniela	Dellapé, Gimena, Fuentes, Daniela (2025): A new species of Hypanthracos Grazia & Campos (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Carpocorini) from Argentinean natural wetlands and rice fields, and first record of genus to the country. Zootaxa 5706 (2): 292-300, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.2.9
7E7FE052FFB9FFAA79E75AAE14ECF064.text	7E7FE052FFB9FFAA79E75AAE14ECF064.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypanthracos Grazia & Campos 1996	<div><p>Key to the species of Hypanthracos Grazia &amp; Campos, 1996</p><p>1 Tarsi 2-segmented.................................. Hypanthracos ditarsus Grazia &amp; Campos (Brazil) (Fig. 4C–D)</p><p>- Tarsi 3-segmented.................................................................................... 2</p><p>2 Antennomeres 1, 2, two-thirds of 4 and 5 black; male: pygophore trapezoidal with posterolateral angles rounded and slightly developed; female: valvifers 8 convex, shorter than laterotergites 9, with mesial margins not juxtaposed..................................................................... Hypanthracos paranaensis sp. nov. (Argentina) (Figs. 1–2)</p><p>- Antennomeres uniformly dark castaneous, distal half of antennomere 4 black; male: pygophore trapezoidal with posterolateral angles rounded; female: valvifers 8 convex, subequal in length to laterotergites 9, with mesial margins juxtaposed............................................ Hypanthracos meridionalis Grazia &amp; Campos (Brazil and Uruguay) (Fig. 4A–B)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E7FE052FFB9FFAA79E75AAE14ECF064	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dellapé, Gimena;Fuentes, Daniela	Dellapé, Gimena, Fuentes, Daniela (2025): A new species of Hypanthracos Grazia & Campos (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Carpocorini) from Argentinean natural wetlands and rice fields, and first record of genus to the country. Zootaxa 5706 (2): 292-300, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.2.9
