identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
948180070B7D5D95978B956B40D6BDD3.text	948180070B7D5D95978B956B40D6BDD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Circinella granulifera Liao & Song & Hu 2026	<div><p>Circinella granulifera sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 A – J, 2 A – G; Table 1</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body 115–130 × 10–15 μm in vivo, vermiform. On average, 17 macronuclear nodules globular to elongated ellipsoidal, distinctly separated and arranged in a row, and 2–5 micronuclei. Single contractile vacuole located at mid-body near left margin. Cortical granules colourless, about 0.8 μm across, arranged in rows of varying lengths. Adoral zone about 10 % of body length, composed of 10 membranelles on average; three frontal membranelles separated by a distinct gap from about seven ventral membranelles. Three conspicuous frontal cirri and one buccal cirrus. One short and indistinct undulating membrane composed of five monokinetids, located right of proximal portion of adoral zone. Frontoventral row extends beyond level of adoral zone, composed of an average of seven cirri. One left and one right marginal row with 36–55 and 48–70 marginal cirri, respectively. One almost bipolar dorsal kinety with about 17 dikinetids.</p><p>* All data are based on protargol-impregnated specimens and measurements in μm. Abbreviations: CV, coefficient of variation in %; HT, holotype specimen; Max, maximum; Mean, arithmetic mean; Med, median; Min, minimum; n, number of specimens examined; SD, standard deviation.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Soil sample from irrigation ditches in farmland in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.740845&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.391819" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.740845/lat 26.391819)">Ganzhou</a>, southeastern China (26°23'30.55"N, 115°44'27.06"E) (for details, see Material and methods).</p><p>Type materials.</p><p>One slide with protargol-impregnated specimens (registration no. LLJ 2025021203 / 1) containing the holotype (circled with black ink on the back of the slide; Fig. 2 A, B, E, F) and three paratype slides (registration nos LLJ 2025021203 / 2–4) are deposited in the Laboratory of Systematic Taxonomy, College of Fisheries, OUC, Qingdao, China .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species-group name granulifera (Latin adjective; bearing granules) alludes that the present species has conspicuous cortical granules.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Body size 115–130 × 10–15 μm (n = 7) in vivo, 107–184 × 9–17 μm (average 139 × 12 μm) in protargol preparations; length: width ratio on average 12: 1 (Table 1). Body vermiform, anterior end narrowly rounded, posterior portion tapered and consistently curved leftwards; body slightly dorsoventrally flattened solely in frontal region (Fig. 1 A – H). Pellicle flexible. Cortical granules colourless, about 0.8 μm across, arranged in rows of varying lengths (Fig. 1 C, F – I). Cytoplasm colourless, with lipid globules, many irregular crystals, and some highly refractive granules in posterior portion (Fig. 1 B, C, E, F). Macronuclear nodules 14–23 (on average 17) in central body portion slightly left of midline; nodules never connected, globular to elongated ellipsoidal; anterior nodule about 8 × 3 μm in protargol preparations. Micronuclei 2–5, usually two bluntly ellipsoidal or ellipsoidal, with one in anterior and the other in posterior body portion; anterior micronucleus about 3 × 2 μm for stained specimens (Fig. 2 B, E – G). Single contractile vacuole at mid-body near left margin of the cell, approximately 6 μm in diameter when fully extended, pulsating at intervals of about 11 s (Fig. 1 A, B, D). Craws slowly on the bottom of a petri dish or other substrates.</p><p>Bipartite adoral zone occupying about 10 % of body length, composed of 10 or 11 membranelles; invariably three slightly enlarged frontal membranelles in distal portion, separated from ventral membranelles in proximal portion by a distinct gap (Figs 1 A, 2 A, 2 C – E, 2 G). Bases of largest membranelles only about 5 μm long in life and about 3 μm long in protargol preparations (Figs 1 A, 1 F, 1 I, 2 A C – E, 1 G). One short, indistinct undulating membrane composed of five monokinetids, located right of proximal portion of adoral zone (Fig. 2 A, C – E, G). Buccal field very small and flat, and thus inconspicuous. Pharyngeal fibres conspicuously strong, about 35 μm long, almost anterior 1 / 3 of cell (Figs 1 A, 2 A, 2 C, 2 E).</p><p>Cirral pattern rather stable. Three slightly enlarged frontal cirri, each comprised of four kinetosomes, which are located near the frontal membranelles except for the third one displaced, positioned below the right frontal cirrus (Figs 1 F, 2 A, 2 C – E, 2 G). Single buccal cirrus, composed of only two kinetosomes, mostly positioned ahead of undulating membrane (Figs 1 A, 2 A, 1 C – E, 1 G), very rarely (one out of 21 specimens examined) right of anterior end of undulating membrane. Frontoventral cirral row composed of 5–10 (on average seven) cirri, right of and behind the posteriormost frontal cirrus, and beyond proximal portion of adoral zone (Figs 1 A, 2 A, 2 C – E, 2 G). Frontoterminal, postoral and pretransverse ventral, and transverse cirri lacking. One right and one left marginal row, consisting of 48–70 and 36–55 cirri, respectively. Right marginal row commences near the frontal membranelle at the distal end of adoral zone, while left marginal row left of proximal portion of adoral zone. Both terminates at rear cell end. with cilia about 6 μm long (Figs 1 A, 1 C, 2 A, 2 C – E, 2 G). All frontoventral and marginal cirri very fine, composed of two kinetosomes each (Fig. 2 C).</p><p>One bipolar dorsal kinety, with 14–20 (17 on average) equidistant dikinetids; dorsal bristles about 3 μm long in vivo (Figs 1 J, 2 B, 2 F).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/948180070B7D5D95978B956B40D6BDD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liao, Lijian;Song, Hongyue;Hu, Xiaozhong	Liao, Lijian, Song, Hongyue, Hu, Xiaozhong (2026): Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a new soil stichotrichid ciliate, Circinella granulifera sp. nov. (Alveolata, Ciliophora). ZooKeys 1292: 127-139, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1292.205482
