identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D19E20CA31B059FC8F860D7E2F914569.text	D19E20CA31B059FC8F860D7E2F914569.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Boulenophrys dongli Wang & Zhan & Xiao & Tan & Chen & Li & Lin & Lyu & Zeng 2026	<div><p>Boulenophrys dongli sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 4, 5 A, 6, 10 A</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • ♂; Guangdong Province, Chaozhou City, Raoping County, Dacheng Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.13712&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.647" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.13712/lat 23.647)">Mt Dabo</a>; 23.647000°N, 117.137122°E; ca. 405 m a. s. l.; 16 January 2026; Jian Wang and Bin-Bin Zhan leg.; GEP a 514 .</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>CHINA • 5 ♂; same data as for holotype; CIB 121752 (field number: GEP a 509), SYS a 009611 (field number: GEP a 510), GEP a 511–513 .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet dongli is derived from the ancient name “ 东里 (dōng lǐ) ” of the region where the new species is distributed, meaning the eastern boundary of Guangdong, indicating the distribution area of the new species.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>(1) Small size (SVL 30.3–35.6 mm in six adult males); (2) snout rounded in dorsal view, canthus rostralis well developed, tongue not notched distally; (3) tympanum visible, tympanic margin indistinct, temporal region bearing conical spines except tympanum; (4) vomerine ridges and vomerine teeth present; (5) dorsal skin rough and highly granular, discontinuous X-shaped or V-shaped ridge on center of dorsum, dorsolateral ridges absent, sparse large tubercles on flanks, dorsal limbs with tubercles bearing conical spines, sparse rounded tubercles on belly, dense tubercles bearing conical spines on ventral thighs and around cloaca; (6) outer margin of upper eyelid with a small horn-like prominent tubercle, supratympanic fold distinct and narrow; (7) two metacarpal tubercles distinct, inner one observably enlarged, relative finger lengths I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III, distinct subarticular tubercle at base of each finger; (8) heels not meeting when hindlimbs folded, tibio-tarsal articulation reaching posterior margin of tympanum; (9) toes without webbing and lateral fringes, inner metatarsal tubercle long ovoid, outer one absent, relative toe length I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV; (10) dorsal surface yellowish-brown to dark brown with indistinct irregular dark-brown patches and small orange dots, a dark-brown triangular marking present between eyes, dorsal limbs and digits light brown with dark-brown transverse bands and orange dots; and (11) nuptial pad bearing dense nuptial spines on dorsal bases of fingers I and II in breeding adult males, subgular vocal sac present in males.</p><p>Comparisons.</p><p>Boulenophrys dongli sp. nov. is phylogenetically most closely related to three recognized congeners, i. e., B. insularis, B. meihuamontis, and B. hungtai (Fig. 2). Detailed comparative data of the new species with its phylogenetically close congeners are listed in Table 2. The new species can be easily distinguished from B. insularis (Fig. 5) by its tongue not notched distally (vs tongue weakly notched distally), tympanic margin indistinct (vs tympanic margin distinct and raised), toes without webbing (vs toes with rudimentary webbing), temporal region bearing conical spines (vs spines absent), and dense tubercles bearing conical spines present on ventral thighs (vs spines absent). The new species can be easily distinguished from B. meihuamontis by its larger body size, with SVL 30.3–35.6 mm in six adult males (vs 26.9–28.3 mm in three adult males), vomerine ridges and vomerine teeth present (vs absent), dorsolateral ridges absent (vs present), tibio-tarsal articulation reaching posterior margin of tympanum (vs reaching posterior corner of eye), and toes without webbing (vs toes with rudimentary webbing). The new species can be easily distinguished from B. hungtai by its tympanic margin indistinct (vs tympanic margin distinct and raised), vomerine ridges and vomerine teeth present (vs absent), dorsolateral ridges absent (vs present), and tibio-tarsal articulation reaching posterior margin of tympanum (vs reaching the region between middle of tympanum to posterior corner of eye).</p><p>Boulenophrys dongli sp. nov. can be distinguished by its heels not meeting when hindlimbs folded, from B. anlongensis, B. baishanzuensis, B. binlingensis, B. congjiangensis, B. changyangensis, B. cheni, B. chishuiensis, B. dalaolingensis, B. daxuemontis, B. daweimontis, B. dupanglingensis, B. jiangi, B. jingdongensis, B. jinggangensis, B. jiulianensis, B. leishanensis, B. liboensis, B. lini, B. mirabilis, B. mufumontana, B. nanlingensis, B. omeimontis, B. palpebralespinosa, B. qianbeiensis, B. sangzhiensis, B. sanmingensis, B. shimentaina, B. shunhuangensis, B. spinata, B. tongboensis, B. wuliangshanensis, B. xianjuensis, B. yangmingensis, B. yezhongensis, and B. youran (vs heels overlapping); from B. baolongensis, B. binchuanensis, B. caudoprocta, B. elongata, B. fanjingmontis, B. gutu, B. nebulosa, B. xiangnanensis, and B. yangchunensis (vs heels just meeting); and from B. angka, B. daiyunensis, B. huangniushiensis, B. minor, B. xuefengmontis, B. yaoshanensis, B. yingdeensis, and B. yunkaiensis (vs heels just meeting or overlapping).</p><p>Boulenophrys dongli sp. nov. can be distinguished by its vomerine teeth present, from B. acuta, B. boettgeri, B. brachykolos, B. daoji, B. gaolanensis, B. hengshanensis, B. kuatunensis, B. lishuiensis, B. lushuiensis, B. obesa, B. ombrophila, B. pepe, B. shuichengensis, B. tuberogranulata, B. wugongensis, and B. wushanensis (vs vomerine teeth absent). Boulenophrys dongli sp. nov. can be distinguished by its toes without lateral fringes, from B. lushanensis and B. rubrimera (vs toes with narrow lateral fringes). Boulenophrys dongli sp. nov. can be distinguished by its toes without webbing, from B. brachykolos, B. dongguanensis, B. fengshunensis, B. nankunensis, and B. puningensis (vs toes with rudimentary webbing). Boulenophrys dongli sp. nov. can be distinguished from the remaining B. fansipanensis, B. frigida, B. hoanglienensis, and B. lichun by its indistinct margin of the tympanum (vs distinct) and absent dorsolateral ridges (vs present).</p><p>Description of holotype.</p><p>Adult male. Body size small, SVL 34.6 mm. Head width larger than head length, HDW / HDL 1.14; snout rounded in dorsal view, projecting, sloping backward to mouth in profile, protruding well beyond margin of lower jaw; top of head flat; eyes moderate in size, ED / HDL 0.31, pupil vertical, near diamond-shaped; nostril obliquely ovoid; canthus rostralis well developed; loreal region slightly oblique; internasal distance slightly larger than interorbital distance; tympanic region oblique, tympanum distinct, tympanic margin indistinct; tympanum moderate in size, upper margin in contact with supratympanic fold, lower margin in contact with upper lip, TD / ED 0.71; large ovoid choanae at base of maxilla; vomerine ridges and vomerine teeth present, maxillary teeth present; margin of tongue rounded, not notched distally; single subgular vocal sac present.</p><p>Forearm length 0.21 of SVL, hand length 0.26 of SVL; webbing absent between fingers, lateral fringes absent, relative finger length I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III; tips of fingers slightly dilated, round; subarticular tubercles on base of fingers present, distinct; inner metacarpal tubercle observably enlarged, outer one slightly smaller; single nuptial pad bearing dense nuptial spines present on dorsal surface of first and second fingers, respectively. Hindlimbs short, tibio-tarsal articulation reaching forward to posterior margin of tympanum when hindlimb stretched along body; heels not meeting when flexed hindlimbs held at right angles to body axis; crus length 0.41 of SVL and foot length 0.51 of SVL; relative toe length I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV; tips of toes round and slightly dilated; toes without lateral fringes and webbing; subarticular tubercles on base of toes present and distinct; inner metatarsal tubercle long ovoid and lacking outer metatarsal tubercle.</p><p>Dorsal skin rough and highly granular; sparse large tubercles on flanks; single horn-like prominent tubercle on edge of upper eyelid; dorsal limbs with tubercles bearing conical spines; supratympanic fold distinct and narrow; discontinuous V-shaped ridge on center of dorsum, dorsolateral ridges absent; ventral surface smooth, sparse rounded tubercles on belly; dense tubercles bearing conical spines on ventral thighs and around cloaca; distinct pectoral gland closer to axilla; single femoral gland positioned on posterior surface of thigh at midpoint between knee and cloaca.</p><p>Coloration of holotype.</p><p>In life, dorsal surface grayish-brown with indistinct irregular dark-brown patches and small orange dots, with a dark-brown triangular marking between eyes. An indistinct vertical dark-brown band present below the eye. Tympanum light brown. Dorsal surface of limbs with dark-brown transverse bands, orange dots and grayish-white tubercles. Tubercles on edge of upper eyelids orange. Supratympanic fold light brown with orange dots and irregular dark brown patches. Ventral surface pinkish-brown with grayish-white mottling and orange dots, a black longitudinal band on surface of throat; digits, subarticular tubercles, inner and outer metacarpal tubercles and inner metatarsal tubercle grayish-white. Pectoral glands and femoral glands grayish-white. Conical spines on temporal region, ventral thighs and around cloaca black. Iris silver with orange and dark brown mottling.</p><p>In preservative, dorsal surface fades to dark brown, with markings and patches more distinct, and orange dots absent. Ventral surface fades to dark brown, with the longitudinal band on surface of throat indistinct, grayish-white mottling more distinct, orange dots absent.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Morphometric variations listed in Table 3. Most of the paratypes are similar to the holotype in morphology and color pattern, except for the following (Fig. 6): dorsal coloration varies from yellowish-brown to dark brown; discontinuous X-shaped ridge on center of dorsum in the paratypes CIB 121752, SYS a 009611, GEP a 511; ventral surface with more distinct and denser grayish-white mottling and orange dots in the paratypes CIB 121752, SYS a 009611, GEP a 511; belly with dark brown dots in the paratypes SYS a 009611, GEP a 511; iris brown with dark brown mottling in the paratype GEP a 511, coppery with dark brown mottling in the paratype GEP a 512.</p><p>Natural history, distribution, and threats.</p><p>Boulenophrys dongli sp. nov. inhabits flowing montane streams and the nearby forest floor and leaf litter. The habitat consists of secondary forest interspersed with bamboo plantations (Fig. 7). Advertisement calls of males were heard from December to February, with calling individuals found in crevices under large rocks.</p><p>Comprehensive field surveys were conducted repeatedly across multiple elevational gradients in the surrounding regions and the mountainous areas of adjacent Fujian Province. However, no populations of B. dongli sp. nov. were found outside its type locality (Fig. 1, locality 1) at elevations of 120–500 m a. s. l., suggesting that its distribution is highly restricted.</p><p>The main threats to B. dongli sp. nov. at Mount Dabo include: (1) Natural environmental vulnerability, as the species occurs in low-lying coastal hills with hydrologically variable streams and a sensitive subtropical monsoon climate; (2) habitat degradation and land use, represented by extensive deforestation, conversion to monoculture plantations such as eucalyptus, and the prevalence of low-biodiversity secondary forests; (3) water resource diversion, whereby streams and small water sources in secondary forests are commonly diverted for agricultural and domestic use, reducing suitable aquatic and riparian habitat; (4) fragmented land tenure, including collective forests, private hills, and contracted lands, which complicates coordinated habitat conservation and restoration; and (5) ecological instability, whereby human disturbance interacts with naturally variable hydrology and coastal climatic conditions to exacerbate habitat instability and impede ecosystem recovery.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D19E20CA31B059FC8F860D7E2F914569	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Jian;Zhan, Bin-Bin;Xiao, Wei-Wen;Tan, Lin;Chen, Hong-Hui;Li, Yuan-Hang;Lin, Shi-Shi;Lyu, Zhi-Tong;Zeng, Zhao-Chi	Wang, Jian, Zhan, Bin-Bin, Xiao, Wei-Wen, Tan, Lin, Chen, Hong-Hui, Li, Yuan-Hang, Lin, Shi-Shi, Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi (2026): Survival in fragmented landscapes: Two new Boulenophrys species (Anura: Megophryidae) from the coastal mountains of eastern Guangdong, China. Vertebrate Zoology 76: 381-399, DOI: 10.3897/vz.76.e195550
E8BC028D7F3552EAAF185C1AA855C36A.text	E8BC028D7F3552EAAF185C1AA855C36A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Boulenophrys raoping Wang & Zhan & Xiao & Tan & Chen & Li & Lin & Lyu & Zeng 2026	<div><p>Boulenophrys raoping sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 8, 9, 10 B</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>CHINA • ♂; Guangdong Province, Chaozhou City, Raoping County, Qiandong Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.86738&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.66252" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.86738/lat 23.66252)">Mt Dabei</a>; 23.662520°N, 116.867378°E; ca. 210 m a. s. l.; 24 January 2026; Jian Wang, Bin-Bin Zhan and Wei-Wen Xiao leg.; GEP a 519 .</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>CHINA • 3 ♂; same data as for holotype; CIB 121753 (field number: GEP a 520), SYS a 009628 (field number: GEP a 518), GEP a 517 • 3 ♀; same data as for holotype; CIB 121754 (field number: GEP a 522), GEP a 521, GEP a 523 .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet raoping is derived from its type locality, Raoping County. The name “ Raoping (饶平) ” combines the characters “ 饶 ” (ráo), meaning “ rich ” or “ abundant, ” symbolizing prosperous harvests and natural resources, and “ 平 ” (píng), meaning “ peace ” or “ stability, ” reflecting aspirations for social harmony. Together, they convey the traditional Chinese ideal of material prosperity and enduring peace.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>(1) Small size (SVL 34.1–36.6 mm in four adult males, 39.2–41.8 mm in three adult females); (2) snout rounded in dorsal view, canthus rostralis well developed, tongue not notched distally; (3) tympanum distinct, tympanic margin distinct and raised, temporal region bearing conical spines except tympanum; (4) vomerine ridges present, vomerine teeth absent; (5) dorsal skin rough and highly granular, discontinuous X-shaped or V-shaped ridge on center of dorsum, dorsolateral ridges absent, sparse large tubercles on flanks, dorsal limbs with tubercles bearing conical spines, dense rounded tubercles on belly, dense tubercles bearing conical spines on ventral thighs and around cloaca; (6) outer margin of upper eyelid with a small horn-like prominent tubercle, supratympanic fold distinct and narrow; (7) two metacarpal tubercles distinct, inner one observably enlarged, relative finger lengths I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III, distinct subarticular tubercle at base of each finger; (8) heels not meeting when hindlimbs folded, tibio-tarsal articulation reaching anterior margin of tympanum; (9) toes with rudimentary webbing and without lateral fringes, inner metatarsal tubercle long ovoid, outer one absent, relative toe length I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV; (10) dorsal surface yellowish-brown to dark brown, with indistinct irregular dark-brown patches and small orange dots, with a dark-brown triangular marking between eyes, dorsal limbs and digits light brown with dark-brown transverse bands and orange dots; and (11) a single nuptial pad bearing dense nuptial spines on dorsal bases of fingers I and II in breeding adult males, subgular vocal sac present in males.</p><p>Comparisons.</p><p>Boulenophrys raoping sp. nov. differs from B. dongli sp. nov. (Fig. 10) by its vomerine teeth absent (vs present), rudimentary webbing on toes present (vs absent), tympanic margin distinct and raised (vs indistinct), and tibio-tarsal articulation reaching anterior margin of tympanum (vs reaching posterior margin of tympanum).</p><p>Boulenophrys raoping sp. nov. is phylogenetically most closely related to three recognized congeners, i. e., B. meihuamontis, B. insularis, and B. hungtai (Fig. 2). Detailed comparative data of the new species with its phylogenetically close congeners are listed in Table 2. The new species can be easily distinguished from B. meihuamontis by its larger body size, with SVL 34.1–36.6 mm in four adult males (vs 26.9–28.3 mm in three adult males), vomerine ridges present (vs absent), and margin of tympanum distinct and raised (vs indistinct), dorsolateral ridges absent (vs present). The new species can be easily distinguished from B. insularis by having no vomerine teeth (vs present), distally rounded tongue (vs distally weakly notched), tibio-tarsal articulation reaching anterior margin of tympanum (vs reaching posterior margin of tympanum), and dense tubercles bearing conical spines present on thighs and around cloaca (vs absent). The new species can be easily distinguished from B. hungtai by its vomerine ridges present (vs absent), absent dorsolateral ridges (vs present), and rudimentary webbing on toes (vs absent).</p><p>Boulenophrys raoping sp. nov. can be distinguished by its heels not meeting when hindlimbs folded, from B. anlongensis, B. baishanzuensis, B. binlingensis, B. congjiangensis, B. changyangensis, B. cheni, B. chishuiensis, B. dalaolingensis, B. daxuemontis, B. daweimontis, B. dupanglingensis, B. jiangi, B. jingdongensis, B. jinggangensis, B. jiulianensis, B. leishanensis, B. liboensis, B. lini, B. mirabilis, B. mufumontana, B. nanlingensis, B. omeimontis, B. palpebralespinosa, B. qianbeiensis, B. sangzhiensis, B. sanmingensis, B. shimentaina, B. shunhuangensis, B. spinata, B. tongboensis, B. wuliangshanensis, B. xianjuensis, B. yangmingensis, B. yezhongensis, and B. youran (vs heels overlapping); from B. baolongensis, B. binchuanensis, B. caudoprocta, B. elongata, B. fanjingmontis, B. gutu, B. nebulosa, B. xiangnanensis, and B. yangchunensis (vs heels just meeting); and from B. angka, B. daiyunensis, B. huangniushiensis, B. minor, B. xuefengmontis, B. yaoshanensis, B. yingdeensis, and B. yunkaiensis (vs heels just meeting or overlapping).</p><p>Boulenophrys raoping sp. nov. can be distinguished by its vomerine teeth absent, from B. brachykolos, B. daweimontis, B. dongguanensis, B. fansipanensis, B. fengshunensis, B. frigida, B. hoanglienensis, B. lichun, B. lushanensis, B. nankunensis, B. puningensis, and B. rubrimera (vs vomerine teeth present). Boulenophrys raoping sp. nov. can be distinguished by its toes without lateral fringes, from B. daoji and B. lushuiensis (vs toes with narrow lateral fringes); from B. shuichengensis (vs toes with wide lateral fringes). Boulenophrys raoping sp. nov. can be distinguished by its toes with rudimentary webbing, from B. gaolanensis, B. hengshanensis, B. kuatunensis, B. lishuiensis, B. ombrophila, and B. pepe (vs toes without webbing); from B. wushanensis (vs toes with more than one-fourth webbing). Boulenophrys raoping sp. nov. can be distinguished by its vomerine ridges present, from B. tuberogranulata and B. wushanensis (vs absent). Boulenophrys raoping sp. nov. can be distinguished from the remaining B. acuta, B. caobangensis, B. obesa, and B. wugongensis by its absent dorsolateral ridges (vs present).</p><p>Description of holotype.</p><p>Adult male. Body size small, SVL 36.6 mm. Head width larger than head length, HDW / HDL 1.10; snout rounded in dorsal view, projecting, sloping backward to mouth in profile, protruding well beyond margin of lower jaw; top of head flat; eyes moderate in size, ED / HDL 0.32, pupil vertical, near diamond-shaped; nostril obliquely ovoid; canthus rostralis well developed; loreal region slightly oblique; internasal distance slightly larger than interorbital distance; tympanic region oblique, tympanum distinct, tympanic margin distinct and raised; tympanum moderate in size, upper margin in contact with supratympanic fold, lower margin in contact with upper lip, TD / ED 0.60; large ovoid choanae at base of maxilla; vomerine ridges present, vomerine teeth absent, maxillary teeth present; margin of tongue rounded, not notched distally; single subgular vocal sac present.</p><p>Forearm length 0.19 of SVL, hand length 0.24 of SVL; webbing absent between fingers, lateral fringes absent, relative finger length I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III; tips of fingers slightly dilated, round; subarticular tubercles on base of fingers present, distinct; inner metacarpal tubercle observably enlarged, outer one slightly smaller; single nuptial pad bearing dense nuptial spines present on dorsal surface of first and second fingers, respectively. Hindlimbs short, tibio-tarsal articulation reaching forward to anterior margin of tympanum when hindlimb stretched along body; heels not meeting when flexed hindlimbs held at right angles to body axis; crus length 0.36 of SVL and foot length 0.52 of SVL; relative toe length I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV; tips of toes round and slightly dilated; toes with rudimentary webbing and without lateral fringes; subarticular tubercles on base of toes present and distinct; inner metatarsal tubercle long ovoid and lacking outer metatarsal tubercle.</p><p>Dorsal skin rough and highly granular; sparse large tubercles on flanks; single horn-like prominent tubercle on edge of upper eyelid; dorsal limbs with tubercles bearing conical spines; supratympanic fold distinct and narrow; discontinuous V-shaped ridge on center of dorsum, dorsolateral ridges absent; ventral surface smooth, large rounded tubercles on belly; dense tubercles bearing conical spines on ventral thighs and around cloaca; distinct pectoral gland closer to axilla; single femoral gland positioned on posterior surface of thigh at midpoint between knee and cloaca.</p><p>Coloration of holotype.</p><p>In life, dorsal surface orange-brown with indistinct irregular dark-brown patches and small orange dots, with a dark-brown triangular marking between eyes. An indistinct vertical dark-brown band present below the eye. Tympanum grayish-brown. Dorsal surface of limbs with dark-brown transverse bands, orange dots and grayish-white tubercles. Tubercles on edge of upper eyelids grayish-white. Supratympanic fold light brown with orange dots and irregular dark brown patches. Iris orange-brown with dark brown mottling. Ventral surface dark brown with grayish-white mottling and orange dots, a black longitudinal band on surface of throat; digits, subarticular tubercles, inner and outer metacarpal tubercles and inner metatarsal tubercle grayish-white. Pectoral glands and femoral glands grayish-white. Conical spines on temporal region grayish-white, on ventral thighs and around cloaca black.</p><p>In preservative, dorsal surface fades to dark brown, with markings and patches more distinct, and orange dots absent. Ventral surface fades to dark brown, with the longitudinal band on surface of throat and grayish-white mottling more distinct, orange dots absent.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Morphometric variations listed in Table 4. Most of the paratypes are similar to the holotype in morphology and color pattern, except for the following (Figs 8, 9): dorsal coloration varies from yellowish-brown to dark brown; discontinuous X-shaped ridge on center of dorsum in the female paratypes GEP a 521 and CIB 121754; ventral surface of throat and chest with reddish orange patches in the female paratypes GEP a 521 and CIB 121754; ventral markings and patches rather irregular in the male paratype GEP a 517, and indistinct in the female paratype GEP a 523. Nuptial pads, nuptial spines and vocal sac absent in the female paratypes GEP a 521, 523 and CIB 121754.</p><p>Natural history, distribution, and threats.</p><p>Boulenophrys raoping sp. nov. inhabits flowing montane streams and the nearby forest floor and leaf litter. The habitat consists of secondary forest interspersed with bamboo plantations (Fig. 11). Advertisement calls of males were heard from December to February, with calling males found in crevices beneath large rocks. Two female paratypes, GEP a 521 and CIB 121754, had completed oviposition, whereas specimen GEP a 523 possessed mature internal oocytes.</p><p>Comprehensive field surveys were conducted repeatedly across multiple elevational gradients in the surrounding regions and the mountainous areas of adjacent Fujian Province. However, no populations of B. raoping sp. nov. were found outside its type locality (Fig. 1, locality 2) at elevations of 150–350 m a. s. l., suggesting that its distribution is highly restricted.</p><p>The main threats to B. raoping sp. nov. at Mt Dabei include: (1) Impacts of eucalyptus plantations, where expanding monocultures intensify water scarcity, degrade soil conditions, and reduce understory biodiversity; these changes alter microclimates and increase resource competition, with no effective local policy protections in place; (2) fragmented land tenure, including collective forests, private hills, and contracted lands, which complicates coordinated habitat conservation and restoration; (3) water resource diversion, in which streams and water sources within secondary forests are often diverted for agricultural and domestic irrigation, thereby reducing suitable habitat for the species; and (4) ecological instability, whereby human activities interact with naturally variable hydrology and coastal climatic conditions to amplify habitat instability and impede ecosystem recovery.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8BC028D7F3552EAAF185C1AA855C36A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Jian;Zhan, Bin-Bin;Xiao, Wei-Wen;Tan, Lin;Chen, Hong-Hui;Li, Yuan-Hang;Lin, Shi-Shi;Lyu, Zhi-Tong;Zeng, Zhao-Chi	Wang, Jian, Zhan, Bin-Bin, Xiao, Wei-Wen, Tan, Lin, Chen, Hong-Hui, Li, Yuan-Hang, Lin, Shi-Shi, Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zeng, Zhao-Chi (2026): Survival in fragmented landscapes: Two new Boulenophrys species (Anura: Megophryidae) from the coastal mountains of eastern Guangdong, China. Vertebrate Zoology 76: 381-399, DOI: 10.3897/vz.76.e195550
