taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
65816340F7325716A4F5A61E28DD3442.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335089	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure2	Figure 2. Houcosa zhaoi sp. nov. A – C holotype male D – F paratype male A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	Figure 2. Houcosa zhaoi sp. nov. A – C holotype male D – F paratype male A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
65816340F7325716A4F5A61E28DD3442.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335081	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure12	Figure 12. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegular apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = poster ior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	Figure 12. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegular apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = poster ior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
65816340F7325716A4F5A61E28DD3442.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335083	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure14	Figure 14. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegulum apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; da = dorsal arm of basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = posterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	Figure 14. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegulum apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; da = dorsal arm of basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = posterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
65816340F7325716A4F5A61E28DD3442.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335090	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure3	Figure 3. Houcosa zhaoi sp. nov. A holotype, male B – D paratype, female A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 3. Houcosa zhaoi sp. nov. A holotype, male B – D paratype, female A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
65816340F7325716A4F5A61E28DD3442.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335082	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure13	Figure 13. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 13. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
65816340F7325716A4F5A61E28DD3442.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335084	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure15	Figure 15. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 15. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
65816340F7325716A4F5A61E28DD3442.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335085	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure16	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
B6EB9187054E5B6F85477B51F3DF5493.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335089	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure2	Figure 2. Houcosa zhaoi sp. nov. A – C holotype male D – F paratype male A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	Figure 2. Houcosa zhaoi sp. nov. A – C holotype male D – F paratype male A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
B6EB9187054E5B6F85477B51F3DF5493.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335090	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure3	Figure 3. Houcosa zhaoi sp. nov. A holotype, male B – D paratype, female A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 3. Houcosa zhaoi sp. nov. A holotype, male B – D paratype, female A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
B6EB9187054E5B6F85477B51F3DF5493.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335085	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure16	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
B6EB9187054E5B6F85477B51F3DF5493.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335084	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure15	Figure 15. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 15. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
B35E26550BCB5C80A3A1D2C3DDEA4665.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335091	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure4	Figure 4. Kuncosa fujiii (Tanaka, 1985), comb. nov. A, B holotype male C, D paratype female A male left palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view.	Figure 4. Kuncosa fujiii (Tanaka, 1985), comb. nov. A, B holotype male C, D paratype female A male left palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
B35E26550BCB5C80A3A1D2C3DDEA4665.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335075	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure6	Figure 6. Kuncosa spp. A, B Kuncosa fujiii (Tanaka, 1985) C, D Kuncosa hikosanensis (Tanaka, 1985) A, C holotype male habitus, dorsal view B, D paratype female habitus, dorsal view.	Figure 6. Kuncosa spp. A, B Kuncosa fujiii (Tanaka, 1985) C, D Kuncosa hikosanensis (Tanaka, 1985) A, C holotype male habitus, dorsal view B, D paratype female habitus, dorsal view.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
B35E26550BCB5C80A3A1D2C3DDEA4665.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335085	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure16	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
B35E26550BCB5C80A3A1D2C3DDEA4665.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335248	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure5	Figure 5. Kuncosa hikosanensis (Tanaka, 1985), comb. nov. A, B holotype male C, D paratype femele A male left palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view.	Figure 5. Kuncosa hikosanensis (Tanaka, 1985), comb. nov. A, B holotype male C, D paratype femele A male left palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
59F9C141E34C5BBEB23C28DB64EA8A55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335248	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure5	Figure 5. Kuncosa hikosanensis (Tanaka, 1985), comb. nov. A, B holotype male C, D paratype femele A male left palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view.	Figure 5. Kuncosa hikosanensis (Tanaka, 1985), comb. nov. A, B holotype male C, D paratype femele A male left palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
59F9C141E34C5BBEB23C28DB64EA8A55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335075	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure6	Figure 6. Kuncosa spp. A, B Kuncosa fujiii (Tanaka, 1985) C, D Kuncosa hikosanensis (Tanaka, 1985) A, C holotype male habitus, dorsal view B, D paratype female habitus, dorsal view.	Figure 6. Kuncosa spp. A, B Kuncosa fujiii (Tanaka, 1985) C, D Kuncosa hikosanensis (Tanaka, 1985) A, C holotype male habitus, dorsal view B, D paratype female habitus, dorsal view.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
59F9C141E34C5BBEB23C28DB64EA8A55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335085	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure16	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
E6B0BDE9C085523DA72344D3BFF26E6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335088	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure1	Figure 1. Living specimen of wolf spiders A – C Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996) (A male, B female, C mating) D, E Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988) (D male, E female) F, G Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997) (F male, G female) H, I Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988) (male) (A – C, F – I photographed by Qian-Le Lu, D – E photographed by Luyu Wang).	Figure 1. Living specimen of wolf spiders A – C Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996) (A male, B female, C mating) D, E Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988) (D male, E female) F, G Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997) (F male, G female) H, I Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988) (male) (A – C, F – I photographed by Qian-Le Lu, D – E photographed by Luyu Wang).	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
E6B0BDE9C085523DA72344D3BFF26E6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335077	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure8	Figure 8. Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mt. A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	Figure 8. Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mt. A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
E6B0BDE9C085523DA72344D3BFF26E6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335078	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure9	Figure 9. Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mt. A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 9. Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mt. A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
E6B0BDE9C085523DA72344D3BFF26E6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335085	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure16	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
E6B0BDE9C085523DA72344D3BFF26E6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335079	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure10	Figure 10. Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Simian Mt. A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	Figure 10. Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Simian Mt. A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
E6B0BDE9C085523DA72344D3BFF26E6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335080	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure11	Figure 11. Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Simian Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 11. Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Simian Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
0EAE2F16AE6F5D45A24C479875FD32C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335091	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure4	Figure 4. Kuncosa fujiii (Tanaka, 1985), comb. nov. A, B holotype male C, D paratype female A male left palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view.	Figure 4. Kuncosa fujiii (Tanaka, 1985), comb. nov. A, B holotype male C, D paratype female A male left palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
0EAE2F16AE6F5D45A24C479875FD32C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335248	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure5	Figure 5. Kuncosa hikosanensis (Tanaka, 1985), comb. nov. A, B holotype male C, D paratype femele A male left palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view.	Figure 5. Kuncosa hikosanensis (Tanaka, 1985), comb. nov. A, B holotype male C, D paratype femele A male left palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
0EAE2F16AE6F5D45A24C479875FD32C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335077	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure8	Figure 8. Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mt. A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	Figure 8. Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mt. A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
0EAE2F16AE6F5D45A24C479875FD32C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335079	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure10	Figure 10. Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Simian Mt. A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	Figure 10. Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Simian Mt. A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
0EAE2F16AE6F5D45A24C479875FD32C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335081	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure12	Figure 12. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegular apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = poster ior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	Figure 12. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegular apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = poster ior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
0EAE2F16AE6F5D45A24C479875FD32C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335083	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure14	Figure 14. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegulum apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; da = dorsal arm of basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = posterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	Figure 14. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegulum apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; da = dorsal arm of basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = posterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
0EAE2F16AE6F5D45A24C479875FD32C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335078	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure9	Figure 9. Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mt. A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 9. Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mt. A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
0EAE2F16AE6F5D45A24C479875FD32C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335080	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure11	Figure 11. Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Simian Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 11. Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Simian Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
0EAE2F16AE6F5D45A24C479875FD32C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335082	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure13	Figure 13. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 13. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
0EAE2F16AE6F5D45A24C479875FD32C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335084	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure15	Figure 15. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 15. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
0EAE2F16AE6F5D45A24C479875FD32C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335076	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure7	Figure 7. Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996), comb. nov. holotype, female A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view.	Figure 7. Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996), comb. nov. holotype, female A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
0EAE2F16AE6F5D45A24C479875FD32C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335085	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure16	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
7AEB3522A4E9563FBF4E62E237429439.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335088	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure1	Figure 1. Living specimen of wolf spiders A – C Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996) (A male, B female, C mating) D, E Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988) (D male, E female) F, G Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997) (F male, G female) H, I Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988) (male) (A – C, F – I photographed by Qian-Le Lu, D – E photographed by Luyu Wang).	Figure 1. Living specimen of wolf spiders A – C Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996) (A male, B female, C mating) D, E Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988) (D male, E female) F, G Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997) (F male, G female) H, I Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988) (male) (A – C, F – I photographed by Qian-Le Lu, D – E photographed by Luyu Wang).	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
7AEB3522A4E9563FBF4E62E237429439.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335079	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure10	Figure 10. Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Simian Mt. A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	Figure 10. Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Simian Mt. A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
7AEB3522A4E9563FBF4E62E237429439.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335080	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure11	Figure 11. Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Simian Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 11. Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Simian Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
7AEB3522A4E9563FBF4E62E237429439.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335085	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure16	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
D6F77E0E949F5739BE130590766AA948.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335088	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure1	Figure 1. Living specimen of wolf spiders A – C Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996) (A male, B female, C mating) D, E Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988) (D male, E female) F, G Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997) (F male, G female) H, I Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988) (male) (A – C, F – I photographed by Qian-Le Lu, D – E photographed by Luyu Wang).	Figure 1. Living specimen of wolf spiders A – C Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996) (A male, B female, C mating) D, E Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988) (D male, E female) F, G Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997) (F male, G female) H, I Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988) (male) (A – C, F – I photographed by Qian-Le Lu, D – E photographed by Luyu Wang).	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
D6F77E0E949F5739BE130590766AA948.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335081	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure12	Figure 12. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegular apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = poster ior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	Figure 12. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegular apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = poster ior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
D6F77E0E949F5739BE130590766AA948.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335082	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure13	Figure 13. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 13. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
D6F77E0E949F5739BE130590766AA948.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335085	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure16	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
D6F77E0E949F5739BE130590766AA948.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335083	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure14	Figure 14. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegulum apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; da = dorsal arm of basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = posterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	Figure 14. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegulum apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; da = dorsal arm of basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = posterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
D6F77E0E949F5739BE130590766AA948.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335084	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure15	Figure 15. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 15. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
8DD212E2E6685E0FAA3F298989EAA91E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335089	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure2	Figure 2. Houcosa zhaoi sp. nov. A – C holotype male D – F paratype male A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	Figure 2. Houcosa zhaoi sp. nov. A – C holotype male D – F paratype male A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view. Abbreviations: BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = Terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum; TeA = Tegular apophysis.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
8DD212E2E6685E0FAA3F298989EAA91E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335090	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure3	Figure 3. Houcosa zhaoi sp. nov. A holotype, male B – D paratype, female A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 3. Houcosa zhaoi sp. nov. A holotype, male B – D paratype, female A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
8DD212E2E6685E0FAA3F298989EAA91E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335091	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure4	Figure 4. Kuncosa fujiii (Tanaka, 1985), comb. nov. A, B holotype male C, D paratype female A male left palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view.	Figure 4. Kuncosa fujiii (Tanaka, 1985), comb. nov. A, B holotype male C, D paratype female A male left palp, ventral view B same, retrolateral view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
8DD212E2E6685E0FAA3F298989EAA91E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335080	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure11	Figure 11. Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Simian Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 11. Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Simian Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
8DD212E2E6685E0FAA3F298989EAA91E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335081	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure12	Figure 12. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegular apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = poster ior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	Figure 12. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegular apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = poster ior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
8DD212E2E6685E0FAA3F298989EAA91E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335083	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure14	Figure 14. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegulum apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; da = dorsal arm of basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = posterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	Figure 14. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegulum apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; da = dorsal arm of basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = posterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
8DD212E2E6685E0FAA3F298989EAA91E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335082	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure13	Figure 13. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 13. Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997), comb. nov. from Huaping Natural Reserve A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
8DD212E2E6685E0FAA3F298989EAA91E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335084	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure15	Figure 15. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 15. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
8DD212E2E6685E0FAA3F298989EAA91E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335085	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure16	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
60FDB4D5DD285D2EA4FA3CDFCBF64195.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335088	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure1	Figure 1. Living specimen of wolf spiders A – C Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996) (A male, B female, C mating) D, E Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988) (D male, E female) F, G Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997) (F male, G female) H, I Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988) (male) (A – C, F – I photographed by Qian-Le Lu, D – E photographed by Luyu Wang).	Figure 1. Living specimen of wolf spiders A – C Kuncosa ningboensis (Yin, Bao & Zhang, 1996) (A male, B female, C mating) D, E Kuncosa zhui (Yu & Song, 1988) (D male, E female) F, G Loongcosa dentitegulum (Yin, Peng, Xie, Bao & Wang, 1997) (F male, G female) H, I Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988) (male) (A – C, F – I photographed by Qian-Le Lu, D – E photographed by Luyu Wang).	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
60FDB4D5DD285D2EA4FA3CDFCBF64195.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335083	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure14	Figure 14. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegulum apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; da = dorsal arm of basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = posterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	Figure 14. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male left palp, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D left male palp, bulb, ventral view E same, retrolateral view F embolus and terminal apophysis, ventral view G tegulum apophysis, prolateral view. Abbreviations: aa = anterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; BEA = basoembolic apophysis; da = dorsal arm of basoembolic apophysis; E = embolus; pa = posterior arm of basoembolic apophysis; RTeA = retrolateral tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = terminal apophysis; Te = tegulum.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
60FDB4D5DD285D2EA4FA3CDFCBF64195.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335084	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure15	Figure 15. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	Figure 15. Loongcosa wuyiensis (Yu & Song, 1988), comb. nov. from Tianmu Mountain A male habitus, dorsal view B female habitus, dorsal view C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AH = anterior hood; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; HS = head of spermatheca. Se = septum; SS = stalk of spermatheca.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
60FDB4D5DD285D2EA4FA3CDFCBF64195.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1335085	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1239.152834.figure16	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	Figure 16. Geographic distribution of Houcosa, Kuncosa and Loongcosa.	2025-05-21	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng		Zenodo	biologists	Wang, Lu-Yu;Marusik, Yuri M.;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng			
