taxonID	type	description	language	source
7A1187DEFFE1FFBFFC43FDEEFC38F93D.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The following combination of characters of the distal humerus, present in both stem and crown-group turnicids, supports, within Charadriiformes, referral to the Turnicidae: fossa musculi brachialis well defined and situated on the ventral portion of the distal end, close to the margo ventralis; processus supracondylaris dorsalis present but small; distal end ventrally expanded at level of fossa musculi brachialis; wide but shallow sulcus humerotricipitalis and fossa olecrani. The proximal end of the humerus is highly derived for crown-group Turnicidae (e. g. Bock & McEvey 1969), especially in species of Turnix, and other than for specimens of the genus Turnipax showing partial views, it is essentially unknown for other pre-Quaternary specimens. Nevertheless, we refer the proximal humeri described below to the Turnicidae based on a combination of features present in Ortyxelos meiffrenii and / or Turnipax (e. g. transverse ridge across a very deep incisura capitis; shallow depression in lieu of dorsal fossa pneumotricipitalis in Turnipax) and in crown-group Turnicidae (e. g. poorly marked / defined sulcus transversus and impressio coracobrachialis; tuberculum dorsale not raised). These features of the proximal and distal humerus are easily distinguished from the condition in most other charadriiform family-level taxa and have been assessed by many authors (e. g. Bock & McEvey 1969; Strauch 1978; Mayr 2000; De Pietri et al. 2011, 2016 a, b, 2020 a, b; De Pietri & Mayr 2012; Zelenkov et al. 2016). However, due to the fragmentary nature of the fossils we describe, below we provide more detailed comparisons with some other charadriiforms, where appropriate. For example, Rostratulidae have been recorded in the early Miocene of Europe (Mlíkovský 1999) and some authors have noted similarities between the humerus of stem-group turnicids and rostratulids (Mayr 2000; Mayr & Knopf 2007).	en	De Pietri, Vanesa L., Mayr, Gerald, Costeur, Loïc, Scofield, R. Paul (2022): New records of buttonquails (Aves, Charadriiformes, Turnicidae) from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (11): 235-244, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a11, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a11
