identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7A5F87FEFFD5505B79CDB4F4FC5FFA73.text	7A5F87FEFFD5505B79CDB4F4FC5FFA73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenocranus Fieber 1866	<div><p>Stenocranus Fieber, 1866</p><p>Stenocranus Fieber, 1866: 519; Matsumura, 1935a: 125, 1935b: 71; Matsumura &amp; Ishihara, 1945: 68; Ishihara, 1949: 23; Kuoh et al., 1984: 88; Yang, 1989: 12; Ding &amp; Zhang, 1994: 23; Wang &amp; Ding, 1996: 43; Chen &amp; Liang, 2005: 124; Ding, 2006: 81; Qin et al., 2010: 925; Fujinuma &amp; Hayashi, 2025: 302; Tang et al., 2026: 328.</p><p>Type species. Fulgora minutus Fabricius, 1787, original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Head including eyes narrower than pronotum. Vertex oblong, longer in middle line than wide at base, submedian carinae uniting at apex, Y-shaped carina distinct or obscure. Frons longer in middle line than wide at widest part, more than 2:1, widest at middle, median carina simple. Antennae short, reaching frontoclypeal suture, pedicel about 3x or longer than scape. Pronotum shorter than vertex, lateral carinae slightly curved, attaining hind margin. Metatibiae with two lateral spines. Hind legs with spinulation: tibial apex with 5 (2+3) spinules, basitarsus with 7 (2+5) spinules, second tarsomere with 4 (rarely 5) spinules. Post-tibial spur dilated, flattened, numerous small teeth with rectangular platelike base on inner margin, shorter than basitarsus, with about 12–26 teeth on posterior margin.</p><p>Anal segment of male ring-like, sometime each lateroapical angle produced into process. Pygofer without medioventral process. Aedeagus with phallobase distinct, phallobasal process slender, curved; phallus slender, rodlike. Diaphragm rather broad. Genital styles moderately long (Yang, 1989).</p><p>Distribution. Australian, Oriental, Palearctic and Nearctic regions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A5F87FEFFD5505B79CDB4F4FC5FFA73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tang, Min;Long, Jiankun;Chang, Zhiming;Feng, Xiao;Du, Maoheng;Chen, Xiangsheng;Yang, Lin	Tang, Min, Long, Jiankun, Chang, Zhiming, Feng, Xiao, Du, Maoheng, Chen, Xiangsheng, Yang, Lin (2026): A new species of the genus Stenocranus Fieber, 1866 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Delphacidae) from China, with description of the immature stages of S. montanus. Zootaxa 5856 (1): 202-213, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.27, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.27
7A5F87FEFFD5505979CDB3D5FDB0FC32.text	7A5F87FEFFD5505979CDB3D5FDB0FC32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenocranus lii Tang, Chen & Yang 2026	<div><p>Stenocranus lii Tang, Chen &amp; Yang, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1, 4)</p><p>Type material: Holotype: ♂, CHINA: Guizhou Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.25/lat 27.55)">Fodingshan National Nature Reserve</a>, 27°33'N, 108°15'E, 22.Ⅹ.2025, Min Tang leg. (IEGU) . Paratypes: 5 ♂♂, same data as holotype (IEGU) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Vertex, pro- and mesonotum with dirty-white wide longitudinal stripe; Y-shaped carina indistinct (Fig. 1A, C); forewings (Fig. 1E) with veins blackish-brown, with T-shaped markings on cross vein near hind margin, membrane near hind margin with a fuscous longitudinal stripe, with dark spots at apical veins, and IIA vein fuscous; anal segment (Fig. 1K, L) long, apical margin arch-shaped, lateral margin with small processes in middle; phallobase (Fig. 1H) unbranched, wide at base, concave toward ventral surface at apical 3/5.</p><p>Description. Measurements. Body length including forewing: male 4.5–5.4 mm (N = 6).</p><p>General color fuscous (Fig. 1A, B). Eyes fuscous, vertex, pro- and mesonotum with dirty-white wide longitudinal stripe, and pro- and mesonotum between median and lateral carinae fuscous. Lateral sides of vertex at apical half, lateral carinae of frons and clypeus, and oblique carinae along gena fuscous. Median carina of frons testaceous. Forewings (Fig. 1E) hyaline, pale testaceous, veins blackish-brown, with T-shaped markings on cross vein near hind margin, membrane near hind margin with a fuscous longitudinal stripe and dark spots at apical veins. Hindwings (Fig. 1F) concolorous with veins fuscous. Legs testaceous, femora and tibiae with dark brown stripes. Anal segment and pygofer fuscous, phallobase and genital styles testaceous.</p><p>Vertex (Fig. 1A, C) longer in middle line than wide at base (1.50: 1), width at apex narrower than at base (0.67: 1), lateral and median carinae converge at apex, Y-shaped carina indistinct, maximum length of basal compartment approximately equal to basal width. Frons (Fig. 1D) longer in middle line than wide at widest portion (2.60: 1), widest at middle of eyes, median carina simple. Antennae (Fig. 1A–D) with scape wider than long, shorter than pedicel. Pronotum (Fig. 1A, C) wider than vertex including eyes (1.22: 1). Mesonotum midline (Fig. 1A, C) equal in length to pronotum and vertex combined. Forewings (Fig. 1E) extend beyond abdomen, longer than maximal width (4.09: 1), widest in apical 1/4. Metatibal spur with 20 teeth.</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer with ventral margin distinctly longer than dorsal margin in lateral view (Fig. 1K), in posterior view (Fig. 1L) opening longer than wide, dorsal margin slightly concave medially. Anal segment (Fig. 1K, L) long, apical margin arch-shaped, lateral margin with small processes in the middle. Aedeagus with phallobase (Fig. H, I) and phallus long and slender, curved slightly and tapering towards apex, end of apex rounded; phallobase (Fig. 1H) unbranched, wide at base, concave toward ventral surface at apical 3/5. Genital styles (Fig. 1J) wide in middle, with a prominent inner margin at base, apical half inwardly curved and tapering to apex.</p><p>Distribution. China (Guizhou Province).</p><p>Remarks. This species is similar to S. danjicus Kuoh, 1980, but differs from the latter in: 1) forewing with IIA vein fuscous (forewing with IIA vein yellowish-brown in S. danjicus); 2) anal segment with spinose processes in middle (anal segment without spinose processes in S. danjicus); 3) phallobase unbranched, wide at base, concave toward ventral surface at apical 3/5 (phallobase with two curved processes apically, one into right angle directed ventrad, and the other curved to dorsal in S. danjicus).</p><p>Biological notes. This species is mainly found near the stream and feeds on Cyperus sp. ( Cyperaceae) (Fig. 4A–C).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in honor of Professor Zi-Zhong Li at Guizhou University, a Chinese entomologist specializing in Hemiptera .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A5F87FEFFD5505979CDB3D5FDB0FC32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tang, Min;Long, Jiankun;Chang, Zhiming;Feng, Xiao;Du, Maoheng;Chen, Xiangsheng;Yang, Lin	Tang, Min, Long, Jiankun, Chang, Zhiming, Feng, Xiao, Du, Maoheng, Chen, Xiangsheng, Yang, Lin (2026): A new species of the genus Stenocranus Fieber, 1866 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Delphacidae) from China, with description of the immature stages of S. montanus. Zootaxa 5856 (1): 202-213, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.27, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.27
7A5F87FEFFD7505979CDB380FA74F94C.text	7A5F87FEFFD7505979CDB380FA74F94C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenocranus montanus Huang & Ding 1979	<div><p>Key to the instars of Stenocranus montanus</p><p>1. Posterior margin of metatibial spur edentate, spine formula of hind leg 3-4-0................................... 2</p><p>- Posterior margin of metatibial spur dentate, spine formula of hind leg not 3-4-0................................. 3</p><p>2. Lateral carinae between frons and eyes with 3 sensorial pits......................................... first instar</p><p>- Lateral carinae between frons and eyes with 4 sensorial pits.......................................second instar</p><p>3. Lateral side of lateral carinae of pronotum with 6 sensorial pits...................................... third instar</p><p>- Lateral side of lateral carinae of pronotum without 6 sensorial pits........................................... 4</p><p>4. Antennal pedicel with 6 sensorial pits, lateral carinae between frons and eyes with 6 sensorial pits......... fourth instar</p><p>- Antennal pedicel with 10 sensorial pits, lateral carinae between frons and eyes with 7 sensorial pits.......... fifth instar</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A5F87FEFFD7505979CDB380FA74F94C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tang, Min;Long, Jiankun;Chang, Zhiming;Feng, Xiao;Du, Maoheng;Chen, Xiangsheng;Yang, Lin	Tang, Min, Long, Jiankun, Chang, Zhiming, Feng, Xiao, Du, Maoheng, Chen, Xiangsheng, Yang, Lin (2026): A new species of the genus Stenocranus Fieber, 1866 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Delphacidae) from China, with description of the immature stages of S. montanus. Zootaxa 5856 (1): 202-213, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.27, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.27
7A5F87FEFFD7505979CDB21DFB42FAFA.text	7A5F87FEFFD7505979CDB21DFB42FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenocranus montanus Huang & Ding 1979	<div><p>Description of the immature stages of Stenocranus montanus Huang &amp; Ding, 1979</p><p>Eggs</p><p>(Figs 2A, 5A–C)</p><p>Measurements. Length: 0.93–1.1mm, width: 0.20–0.24mm (N = 5).</p><p>Description. Kidney-shaped, egg body pale beige and smooth, ocelli yellow; laid singly.</p><p>First instar nymph</p><p>(Figs 2B, 3A, 5D)</p><p>Measurements. Length: 0.92 mm, width: 0.28 mm (N = 1).</p><p>Description. General color yellowish-white to pale brown; inner side of eyes reddish-brown. Median region of pro-, meso- and metanotum yellowish-white, posterior lateral region of pronotum dirty yellowish-brown. Wing buds with brownish markings. Ventral dorsum with brownish spots on both sides.</p><p>Head (including eyes) width approximately 1.25 times than length of vertex in middle line, vertex longer in middle line than width at base, about 1.65 times base width, Y-shaped carina indistinct; antennae with scape short and cylindrical, pedicel nearly cylindrical without sensorial pits, flagellum spherical at base, and extending distally into setae; lateral carinae between frons and eyes with 3 sensorial pits.</p><p>Pronotum with lateral carinae curve laterally before extending posteriorly to posterior margin, areas outside lateral carinae on thorax darker in colour, inner sides with 2 sensorial pits, outer sides with 4 sensorial pits; inner and outer sides of mesothorax each with one sensorial pit almost parallel to each other, forewing bud with one sensorial pit; outer side of lateral carinae of hindwing bud without sensorial pit; hind legs spur formula 3-4-0, posterior margin of metatibal spur toothless.</p><p>Abdomen 9 segmented, dorsal and ventral sides slightly flattened; tergites 4-8 each with following number of pits on either side of midline (lateralmost pits not visible in dorsal view due to curving of tergites onto ventral aspect): abdominal tergites 4-5 with 0+1 sensorial pits, 6-8 with 1+1 sensorial pits, 9 with 0+2 sensorial pits.</p><p>Second instar nymph</p><p>(Figs 2C, 3B, 5E)</p><p>Measurements. Length: 1.08–1.21 mm, width: 0.26–0.33 mm (N = 2).</p><p>Description. General color yellowish-white to pale brown; outer side of frontal median carinae, lateral frons at base, and medio-longitudinal stripe of subgenal fuscous to blackish-brown; inner side of eyes reddish-brown; median region of the pro-, meso- and metanotum yellowish-white, posterior lateral region of pronotum dirty yellowish-brown, wing buds with brownish markings; ventral dorsum with brownish spots on both sides.</p><p>Head (including eyes) width approximately 1.28 times than length of vertex in middle line, vertex longer in middle line than width at base, about 1.60 times base width, Y-shaped carina indistinct; lateral frontal carinae curve slightly outward, median frontal carina widest, and both lateral carinae nearly parallel; antennae with scape short and cylindrical, pedicel nearly cylindrical with 2 sensorial pits, flagellum spherical at base, and extending distally into setae; lateral carinae between frons and eyes with 4 sensorial pits.</p><p>Pronotum with lateral carinae curve laterally before extending posteriorly to posterior margin, inner sides with 2 sensorial pits, outer sides with 5 sensorial pits; inner and outer sides of mesothorax each with one sensorial pit almost parallel to each other, forewing bud with 2 sensorial pits; outer side of lateral carinae of hindwing bud with one sensorial pit; hind legs spur formula 3-4-0, and posterior margin of metatibal spur toothless.</p><p>Abdomen 9 segmented, dorsal and ventral sides slightly flattened; tergites 4-8 each with the following number of pits on either side of midline (lateralmost pits not visible in dorsal view due to curving of tergites onto ventral aspect): abdominal tergites 4-5 with 0+1 sensorial pits, 6-8 with 1+2 sensorial pits, two lateral sensorial pits in a longitudinal row, 9 with 0+3 sensorial pits, one each on the dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces.</p><p>Third instar nymph</p><p>(Figs 2D, 3C, 5F)</p><p>Measurements. Length: 1.2–2.05 mm, width: 0.30–0.78 mm (N = 5).</p><p>Description. General color yellowish-white to pale brown; outer side of frontal median carinae, lateral frons at base, and medio-longitudinal stripe of subgenal fuscous to blackish-brown; inner side of eyes reddish-brown; median region of the pro-, meso- and metanotum yellowish-white, posterior lateral region of pronotum dirty yellowish-brown, wing buds with brownish markings; ventral dorsum with brownish spots on both sides, apices of metatarsi, claws, apical spines of tarsomere 1 and 2, and terminal teeth and teeth on posterior margin of tibial spur of hind legs fuscous.</p><p>Head (including eyes) width approximately 1.37 times than length of vertex in middle line, vertex longer in middle line than width at base, about 1.79 times base width, Y-shaped carina arm prominent, main trunk relatively weak; lateral frontal carinae curve slightly outward, median frontal carina widest, and both lateral carinae nearly parallel; antennae with scape short and cylindrical, pedicel nearly cylindrical with 4 sensorial pits, flagellum spherical at base, and extending distally into setae; lateral carinae between frons and eyes with 4 sensorial pits, frontal surface of head with 2 sensorial pits.</p><p>Pronotum with lateral carinae curve laterally before extending posteriorly to posterior margin, inner sides with 2 sensorial pits, outer sides with 6 sensorial pits; inner and outer sides of mesothorax each with one sensorial pit almost parallel to each other; forewing bud with 3 sensorial pits, located respectively at basal lateral, near middle and at lower middle position of forewing bud; forewing bud distinct, and extends to metathorax but does not exceed metathoracic sensory pits; metathoracic midline distinct, outer side of posterior margin straight and flat, exceeding the second abdominal segment but clearly not reaching the third abdominal segment, outer side of lateral carinae of hindwing bud with one sensorial pit; hind legs spur formula 5-5-0, posterior margin of metatibal spur with 4-5 teeth and one terminal tooth.</p><p>Abdomen 9 segmented, dorsal and ventral sides slightly flattened; tergites 4-8 each with the following number of pits on either side of midline (lateralmost pits not visible in dorsal view due to curving of tergites onto ventral aspect): abdominal tergites 4-5 with 0+1 sensorial pits, 6-7 with 1+3 sensorial pits, 8 with 1+2 sensorial pits, two lateral sensorial pits in a longitudinal rows, 9 with 0+3 sensorial pits, one each on the dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces.</p><p>Fourth instar nymph</p><p>(Figs 2E, 3D, 5G)</p><p>Measurements. Length: Length: 1.40–2.81 mm, width: 0.50–0.90 mm (N = 8).</p><p>Description. General color yellowish-white to pale brown; outer side of frontal median carinae, lateral frons at base, and medio-longitudinal stripe of subgenal fuscous to blackish-brown; lateral side of eyes mostly grayishbrown, inner side of eyes reddish-brown; median region of the pro-, meso- and metanotum yellowish-white, posterior lateral region of pronotum dirty yellowish-brown, wing buds with brownish markings; ventral dorsum with brownish spots on both sides, apices of metatarsi, claws, apical spines of tarsomere 1 and 2, and terminal teeth and teeth on posterior margin of tibial spur of hind legs fuscous.</p><p>Head (including eyes) width approximately 1.35 times than length of vertex in middle line, vertex longer in middle line than width at base, about 1.80 times base width, Y-shaped carina arm prominent, main trunk relatively weak, median and mesolateral carinae converge at the proximal 1/5 of eyes; lateral frontal carinae curve slightly outward, median frontal carina widest, and both lateral carinae nearly parallel, end extends outward, both sides extend to frontal end in an “eight” shape; antennae with scape short and cylindrical, pedicel nearly cylindrical with 6 sensorial pits, extends to basal suture of frons and clypeus, flagellum spherical at base, and extending distally into setae; lateral carinae between frons and eyes with 6 sensorial pits, frontal surface of head with 3 sensorial pits, two located beside median frontal carina and one beside lateral frontal carinae.</p><p>Pronotum with lateral carinae curve laterally before extending posteriorly to posterior margin, inner sides with 2 sensorial pits, outer sides with 7 sensorial pits, 4 on the dorsal side and 3 on the lateral side; inner and outer sides of mesothorax each with one sensorial pit almost parallel to each other; forewing bud with 3 sensorial pits, located respectively at basal lateral, near middle and at lower middle position of forewing bud; forewing bud distinct, and extends to metathorax and does exceed metathoracic sensory pits; outer side of lateral carinae of hindwing bud with one sensorial pit, extends to the anterior margin of the third abdominal segment; hind legs spur formula 5-6-3, posterior margin of metatibal spur with 9-11 teeth and one terminal tooth.</p><p>Abdomen 9 segmented, dorsal and ventral sides slightly flattened, fifth abdominal segment widest; tergites 4-8 each with the following number of pits on either side of midline (lateralmost pits not visible in dorsal view due to curving of tergites onto ventral aspect): abdominal tergites 4-5 with 0+1 sensorial pits, 6-7 with 1+3 sensorial pits, 8 with 1+3 sensorial pits, three lateral sensorial pits in a longitudinal rows, 9 with 0+3 sensorial pits, one each on the dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces.</p><p>Fifth instar nymph</p><p>(Figs 2F, 3E, 5H)</p><p>Measurements. Length: 2.73–3.68 mm, width: 0.80–1.20 mm (N = 8).</p><p>Description. General color yellowish-white to pale brown; outer side of frontal median carinae, lateral frons at base, and medio-longitudinal stripe of subgenal fuscous to blackish-brown; lateral side of eyes mostly grayishbrown, inner side of eyes reddish-brown; median region of the pro-, meso- and metanotum yellowish-white, posterior lateral region of pronotum dirty yellowish-brown, wing buds with brownish markings; ventral dorsum with brownish spots on both sides, apices of metatarsi, claws, apical spines of tarsomere 1 and 2, and terminal teeth and teeth on posterior margin of tibial spur of hind legs fuscous.</p><p>Head (including eyes) width approximately 1.42 times than length of vertex in middle line, vertex longer in middle line than width at base, about 1.76 times base width, Y-shaped carina arm prominent, median and mesolateral carinae converge at the proximal 1/5 of eyes; lateral frontal carinae curve slightly outward, median frontal carina widest, and both lateral carinae nearly parallel, not extends to basal suture of frons and clypeus; antennae with scape short and cylindrical, pedicel nearly cylindrical with 10 sensorial pits, extends beyond basal suture of frons and clypeus, flagellum spherical at base, and extending distally into setae; lateral carinae between frons and eyes with 7 sensorial pits, frontal surface of head with 3 sensorial pits, two located beside median frontal carina and one beside lateral frontal carinae, latter located at converge of vertex and frons.</p><p>Pronotum with lateral carinae curve laterally before extending posteriorly to posterior margin, inner sides with 2 sensorial pits, outer sides with 7 sensorial pits, 4 on dorsal side and 3 on lateral side; inner and outer sides of mesothorax each with one sensorial pit almost parallel to each other; forewing bud with 3 sensorial pits, located respectively at basal lateral, near middle and at lower middle position of forewing bud; forewing bud distinct, and extends to middle of the fourth abdominal segment, slightly longer or shorter than hindwing bud; outer side of lateral carinae of hindwing bud with one sensorial pit; hind legs spur formula 5-7-4, posterior margin of metatibal spur with 14-15 teeth and one terminal tooth.</p><p>Abdomen 9 segmented, dorsal and ventral sides slightly flattened, fifth abdominal segment widest; tergites 4-8 each with following number of pits on either side of midline (lateralmost pits not visible in dorsal view due to curving of tergites onto ventral aspect): abdominal tergites 4-5 with 0+1 sensorial pits, 6-7 with 1+3 sensorial pits, 8 with 1+3 sensorial pits, three lateral sensorial pits in a longitudinal rows, 9 with 0+3 sensorial pits, one each on the dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A5F87FEFFD7505979CDB21DFB42FAFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tang, Min;Long, Jiankun;Chang, Zhiming;Feng, Xiao;Du, Maoheng;Chen, Xiangsheng;Yang, Lin	Tang, Min, Long, Jiankun, Chang, Zhiming, Feng, Xiao, Du, Maoheng, Chen, Xiangsheng, Yang, Lin (2026): A new species of the genus Stenocranus Fieber, 1866 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Delphacidae) from China, with description of the immature stages of S. montanus. Zootaxa 5856 (1): 202-213, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.27, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5856.1.27
