identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
974C45A6BC115E62B9467EE90AF4A345.text	974C45A6BC115E62B9467EE90AF4A345.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nasa calycina (Benth.) R. H. Acuna & T. Henning 2025	<div><p>Nasa calycina (Benth.) R. H. Acuña &amp; T. Henning comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Loasa calycina Benth., Pl. Hartw. [Bentham]: 132. 1844.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Ecuador • [Prov. Loja] Mountains near Loxa, July [1841], C. T. Hartweg s. n. (Holotype: K barcode K 000372874!)</p><p>Description.</p><p>Plants to ca. 1 meter tall, covered with scabrid, glochidiate and stinging trichomes, glandular trichomes inconspicuous or absent. Stems erect, cylindrical to ca. 1 cm diam. Leaves opposite, petiolate, petiole 2–4 cm, leaf blades pinnately veined, 6–15 × (2 –) 3–7 cm, narrowly ovoid to ovoid or triangular, with 4–8 lobes per side, in some leaves shallow and poorly defined, triangular, from wider than long to longer than wide, apices acute, the largest of a leaf 0.5–2.5 × 0.5–2 cm, the second or third usually the largest, becoming progressively smaller apically, margins serrate, each tooth with a hydatode, base cuneate, rounded or truncate, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a monochasial or dichasial cyme, 10–50 cm long, bracts alternate, one per flower, usually shorter and proportionally much narrower than the vegetative leaves, elliptical, 1.5–4 × 0.3–0.7 cm, diminishing in length, and particularly width, towards the inflorescence apex. with 4–7, broadly triangular, shallow, often indistinct lobes, base cuneate to rounded. Pedicels 1.5–2.5 cm long in anthesis, straight, often horizontal but ranging between 45 ° above or below the horizontal, the apex deflexed. Flowers deflexed, 3–6 per inflorescence branch. Sepals 5, narrowly triangular or ovate, apex acuminate, yellowish-green, 1.2–2 × 0.5–0.7 cm, with 3 main veins, as long or slightly shorter than the petals. Petals 5, orange red to carmine, shallowly cymbiform, oblanceolate, base narrower than the limb but claw short and poorly differentiated (to 4 mm wide), 1.5–2 × 0.6–1 cm, with 3 evident main veins, tip rounded or obtuse, basal gaps between petals leave the scale bases visible (gaps often not visible because they are either very small or hidden by the sepals), corolla more or less cylindrical, as wide basally as distally. Nectar scales 5, orange or red, 10 mm long and 3 mm wide at base, with 2 distinct, broadly ovoid, seemingly smooth (when fresh) nectar sacs at the base, each one as wide as the nectar scale back (ca. 2.5 mm in diameter), nectar scale back rectangular, narrow, 5.5 × 2 mm, straight, surface papillose, with 0, 2 or 3 short filiform threads, inserted subapically, &lt;1 mm long and with two horizontal wings, 3–4 × 1.5 mm. Staminodes 2 per scale, to 14 mm long, slightly sigmoid, narrowing apically, base papillose, apex filiform. Stamens in 5 antepetalous fascicles with 8–10 each, filaments to 12 mm long, anthers 1 × 0.5 mm, elliptical, cream before dehiscence, whitish when shedding pollen, black after pollen is shed. Ovary broadly conical to hemispherical, with a rounded base, ca. 5–6 × 5–6 mm, with 3 parietal placentae. Stigma lobes 3, shortly decurrent on the style surface, style to ca. 15 mm long. Fruit a broadly clavate to conical capsule on an erect pedicel, 3.5–5 cm long, with persistent sepals and a shortly tapering base, mature capsule 20–30 × 10–12 mm (width at sepal insertion), including an elongated conical apical projection, opening by the three apically dehiscing valves. Seeds not seen.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Loasa calycina has been considered a synonym of Nasa loxensis since at least 1996 (Weigend 1996; Jørgensen and León-Yánez 1999). The most important differences between both species are evident in the proportions of the calyx and corolla elements with N. calycina having proportionally longer sepals, ca. ≥ 75 % as long as the petals, while N. loxensis has sepals that are less than half the length of the petals (Table 2, Fig. 3). Also, the corolla in living anthetic flowers has a different shape in both species, as in N. calycina petals are arranged in a cylindrical shape with a proportionally wide corolla opening, while in N. loxensis the corolla tapers gradually, so distally the corolla is narrower than basally, with the petals leaving a very narrow opening (Fig. 3 A, B).</p><p>In the latest and most authoritative treatment of Loasaceae of Ecuador, Weigend (2000 b) discussed briefly the significant morphological variability of his broad concept of Nasa loxensis . But he recommended maintaining it until either more specimens from areas became available or it became clear that few or no additional specimens were known.</p><p>Weigend (2000 b) acknowledged the differences in floral proportions of some specimens from Loja (that we consider fit well under the concept of Loasa calycina of Bentham) from those of Azuay (e. g. near Cuenca and Cajas National Park) that conform better to Kunth’s concept of Loasa loxensis . However, it is important to note that the type material of both Nasa loxensis and Nasa calycina come from near the city of Loja, where still today plants that adjust very closely to these specimens grow. The wider availability of more specimens in the mosaic of habitats (from pretty much pristine to significantly anthropogenically modified) around the city of Loja, and further north, along with photographs of living plants in platforms like iNaturalist have allowed us to confirm the relatively modest but seemingly consistent morphological differences between Nasa loxensis and N. calycina . The lack of florally intermediate specimens in possible areas of contact near Loja suggests that hybridisation is so infrequent, that truly intermediate specimens have not been recorded so far. From the specimens and photographs available we know that both species approach each other but appear to be sympatric in only one locality, between La Argelia and La Palma, SW of the city of Loja, and no evident intermediates in floral characters have been observed. Living plants that fit closely Hartweg’s type material of Loasa calycina have been collected most frequently from what is now Podocarpus National Park</p><p>GenBank accessions AY 285722.1, MK 333044.1, MK 333010.1, MK 332976.1, MK 332944.1 and AY 769214.1 identified as belonging to Nasa loxensis and used in the studies of Weigend et al. (2004), Weigend and Gottschling (2006) and Acuña-Castillo et al. (2019, 2021) belong to Nasa calycina (voucher: J. R. Grant &amp; L. Struwe 01-4063).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Ecuador. Loja • Carretera Loja-Yangana, desvío al Parque Nacional Podocarpus, E del Nudo de Cajanuma, 2880–3000 m, 14 March 1989, A. Freire-Fierro 1323 (GB, QCA) • Parque Nacional Podocarpus, E of Nudo de Cajanuma, hectare plot near “ Centro de información ”, c. 2900 m, 15 April 1989, B. Eriksen 91176 (QCA) • Parque Nacional Podocarpus sector Cajanuma, 2900 m, 30 June 1996, P. Lozano 449 (Loja) • Cajanuma, 21 February 1985, F. Vivar 2310 (Loja) • Parque Nacional Podocarpus, above Nudo de Cajanuma, 2800–3000 m, 14–15 May 1988, B. Øllgaard et al. 74090 (AAU, Loja) • Parque Nacional Podocarpus, S of Loja, wet montane forest at the “ Centro de Información ”, E of Nudo de Cajanuma, 2850– 1950 m, 21–22 February 1985, B. Øllgaard et al. 57847 (AAU, Loja) • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.189445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.189445/lat -4.1066666)">Cajanuma</a>, 04°06'24"S, 79°11'22"W, 2600 m, 31 January 2002, P. Lozano et al. E- 600 (Loja) • Entrada a Cajanuma, sendero a las Lagunas, 3100 m, 11 June 2002, P. Lozano et al. E- 1650 (Loja) • Uritushinga, 2800 m, 14 February 1978, F. Vivar 898 (Loja) • Sitio Ventanas, Cordillera Oriental, Or. Loja, ca. 2400 m, 27 December 1947, R. Espinosa &amp; A. Espinosa 2279 (Loja) • Road La Argelia (southern Loja) - La Palma, along crest of mountain range just SW of Loja, 2700–2950 m, 4 March 1989, B. Øllgaard et al. 90792 (AAU, Loja) • Zamora-Chinchipe: Parque Nacional Podocarpus (San Francisco entrance); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.09667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.99" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.09667/lat -3.99)">trail leading west from San Francisco</a>, 03°59'24"S, 079°05'48"W, 2100 m, 16 February 2001; J. R. Grant &amp; L. Struwe 01-4063 with C. Rosales (Loja, QCA) • Área del Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Cajanuma, rotundamente “ El Mirador ”, 3000 m, s. d., Rbu &amp; SL 107 (QCA) .</p><p>Photographic evidence (iNaturalist): ( Note: due to Nasa loxensis s. l. being considered threatened by the IUCN, it was not possible to obtain the precise locality of some observations): Ecuador. Loja • - 4.113259, - 79.174943, April 2024, Daniel Arias-Cruzatty, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/2057414 • April 2022, Lilia Cueva Cueva, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/114005635 • December 2020, prengelv, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/67754076 • Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Cajanuma, sendero a las Lagunas del Compadre, cerca del páramo, December 2020, Angel Hualpa Erazo http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/67015645 • Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Cajanuma, December 2020, Amarú Ramóm Salcedo, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/66984658 • 04°07'3.34"S, 079°09'53.21"W, 3088 m, February 2017, dennisronsse, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/37683383 • Near Cajanuma Refuge, September 2007, Ruth Ripley, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/35868409 • ditto, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/35868095 • ditto, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/34983697 • ditto, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/34981561 • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.171616&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.115681" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.171616/lat -4.115681)">Cerca del Refugio Cajanuma</a>, - 4.115681 - 79.171616, February 2019, Bodo Nuñez Oberg, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/20486169 • Cajanuma Field Station, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.17694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1124997" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.17694/lat -4.1124997)">and trail to Mirador</a>, 04°06'45"S, 079°10'37"W, December 2007, Jason Grant, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/20486169 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Nasa calycina is endemic to Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe (Fig. 1), mostly known from areas near or within Podocarpus National Park (mostly around the Cajanuma sector), where Nasa loxensis is missing. There is a single record between La Argelia and La Palma in an unprotected area where it seems to meet the southernmost range of Nasa loxensis . Further south in Loja (and reaching Piura, Peru), both taxa seem to be replaced by Nasa amaluzensis, a species that is florally quite close to Nasa calycina but differs significantly in leaf morphology.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Flowering has been recorded during September and mostly from December to July.</p><p>Tentative conservation assessment.</p><p>The known range of Nasa calycina is diminutive, but most of the populations of the species appear to be protected within the Podocarpus National Park, where it is frequently encountered in the Cajanuma sector. We still recommend considering this species as EN B 2 abiii, due to a reduced AOO (125 km 2), the reduced number of known locations where the species can be found (only four) and the inferred decline of habitat quality where the only known population not found within or in the immediate vicinity of Podocarpus National Park grows.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/974C45A6BC115E62B9467EE90AF4A345	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henning, Tilo;Allen, Joshua P.;Montesinos-Tubeé, Daniel;Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Eric F.;Peña, José Luis Marcelo;Acuña-Castillo, Rafael	Henning, Tilo, Allen, Joshua P., Montesinos-Tubeé, Daniel, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Eric F., Peña, José Luis Marcelo, Acuña-Castillo, Rafael (2025): No end to endemism – contributions to the difficult Nasa Weigend Series Alatae (Loasaceae). A new species from Peru and the rehabilitation of “ Loasa ” calycina Benth. PhytoKeys 252: 163-186, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.252.141635
E44E738BF6F254E2B7D0D703436E03ED.text	E44E738BF6F254E2B7D0D703436E03ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nasa katjae T. Henning, J. P. Allen & R. H. Acuna 2025	<div><p>Nasa katjae T. Henning, J. P. Allen &amp; R. H. Acuña sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 3 C</p><p>Type.</p><p>Peru • Departamento Cajamarca, Provincia Jaén, Distrito Colasay, Above Colasay near Agua Fria. In dense forest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.9399" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.054/lat -5.9399)">along the trail to Agua Fria in streams, climbing in the vegetation. Just below the peak</a> at ca. 2500 m, - 5.93990, - 79.05400, 01. Sep. 2023, D. B. Montesinos 10003, T. Henning, J. P. Allen (Holotype: HUT No. HUT-64640!, Isotype USM) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species is morphologically most similar to Nasa calycina comb. nov. (see below) and differs from it in its very elongated stems, subscandent habit, proportionately broader leaf blades with a conspicuously deeply cordate base, sepals and petals almost twice as long (to 4 cm and 4.5 cm respectively), sepals and petals of equal length and nectar scales with 3 conspicuous apical dorsal threads up to 5 mm long.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Plants to 1.5–3 (– 4) meters tall, covered with scabrid, and stinging trichomes, glochidiate trichomes restricted to the abaxial surface of the leaves along the veins. Stinging hairs (setae) scattered all over the plant but most densely on the stem, ovary, sepals (= fruit) and along the veins of the leaves. Apical parts of the petals set with few glandular hairs. Stems upright when young or growing in open areas, climbing through and leaning on adjacent vegetation when growing in dense undergrowth, base slightly woody. Leaves opposite, petiolate, petiole up to 13 cm long, leaf blades pinnately veined, 7–11 × 5–10 cm, widely ovoid to triangular, with 3–7 obtuse triangular lobes on each side, the lower ones up to 3 cm wide and 1.5 cm long, gradually decreasing in size towards the apex, the upper ones inconspicuous, margins serrate, each tooth with a hydatode, base conspicuously cordate (sinus to 1 cm deep). Inflorescence a monochasial or dichasial cyme, bracts alternate to 3 × 1.5 cm, one per flower, smaller than vegetative leaves, base shallowly cordate to truncate. Sepals 5, persistent, long acuminate, green, up to and 3.5–5 × 0.6–0.8 cm when fruiting, with 3 main veins, temporarily spreading in early anthesis, closely fitting on the petals later and further contracting in fruit. Petals 5, scarlet red, shallowly cymbiform, oblanceolate, base narrower than the limb but claw poorly differentiated, 3.5–4.5 × 1–1.5 cm, with 3 evident main veins, gaps between petals let the nectar sacs and scale bases visible when calyx lobes removed. Nectar scales 5, orange, 19–21 mm long and 5–6 mm wide at base, with 2 distinct, broadly ovoid, seemingly smooth (when fresh) nectar sacs at the base, each one as wide as nectar scale back (3 mm in diameter), nectar scale back rectangular, narrow 15 × 3 mm, straight papillose, margins with even longer papillae, ending in 3 conspicuous, distinct dorsal threads, inserted apically, up to 5 mm long and with two horizontal wings, seemingly smooth, 7 × 4 mm and diverging 90–120 ° from the back. Staminodes 2 per scale, c. 22 mm long, slightly sigmoid, base papillose, apex filiform. Stamens in 5 antepetalous fascicles with 10–20 each, anthers whitish when shedding pollen. Ovary broadly conical, with a rounded base, 5 × 5 mm, with 3 parietal placentae. Stigma lobes 3, decurrent on the style surface. Fruit a broadly clavate capsule with a globose base, 20–25 mm long (without sepals) and 8–10 mm wide at sepal insertion, opening with three apical valves. Seeds numerous, ovoid, 2.5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide, testa black and reticulate.</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>Peru, Cajamarca, Prov. Jaén, Dist. Colasay • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.055374&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.937414" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.055374/lat -5.937414)">Sector Aguas frias, bosque montano húmedo</a>, 5 ° 56 ' 14.69 " S, 79 ° 03 ' 19.33 " W, 2542 m, 28 March 2024, José Luis Marcelo-Peña, Marisela Rojas, Robert Zurita 11923 (ISV) • Ditto, 5 ° 56 ' 23.07 " S, 79 ° 03 ' 14.28 " W, 2550 m, 30 March 2024, José Luis Marcelo-Peña, Marisela Rojas, Robert Zurita 12127 (ISV) • Ditto, 5 ° 56 ' 23 " S, 79 ° 03 ' 14 " W, 2550 m, 30 March 2024, José Luis Marcelo-Peña, Marisela Rojas, Robert Zurita 12128 (ISV) .</p><p>Photographic evidence (iNaturalist): Peru, Cajamarca, Prov. Jaén, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.0351&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.93739" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.0351/lat -5.93739)">Dist. Colasay</a> • - 5.92834, - 79.05414, April 2022, biomonstrando, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/143704890 (type locality) • - 5.93739, - 79.0351, December 2023, biped_cub, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/194322389 • - 5.93739, - 79.04139, December 2023, biped_cub, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/194324117 .</p><p>Affinities.</p><p>The species appears to be morphologically closest to Nasa calycina comb. nov., a species endemic to a small area of southern Ecuador, in SE Loja and adjacent Zamora-Chinchipe. This taxon has been considered a synonym of the more northerly Nasa loxensis (Weigend 1996; Jørgensen and León-Yánez, 1999; Weigend 2000 b), but detailed examination of their floral morphology showed that both taxa are best treated as closely related, but separate species (see below). The species can be found in forest edges and relatively open understories of wet montane “ cloud ” forest. Habit, leaf shape, perianth parts size and proportions, as well as size and insertion of the nectar scale dorsal threads separate the new species from Nasa calycina comb. nov. (Table 2), rehabilitated to species level in this article (see below).</p><p>Our first encounter with this species took place on iNaturalist (http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/143704890), where, at first, we suspected it was an unusual Nasa loxensis (a species whose concept has been quite broadly applied in the most recent revisions of Loasaceae of Ecuador: Weigend 1996; Jørgensen and León-Yánez 1999; Weigend 2000 b). After a more thorough analysis, it is evident to us that both species could be quite closely related but have important and consistent differences that support the distinctiveness of this new taxon. However, the most striking difference that was impossible to assess in the iNaturalist observations, but obvious at the natural habitat, is the sheer size of the plants. Whilst a few plants along the path resemble the typical upright and medium-sized habit of most species of Ser. Alatae (e. g. N. loxensis), some specimens found off the path in dense vegetation, were leaning on and climbing through the dense undergrowth (e. g. bamboo). These plants can grow several meters long until they reach open areas to present their flowers freely, which are then presumably visited and pollinated by hummingbirds. Another striking character unique to the new species are the conspicuous elongated sepals. Although sepal length is subject to a large variation in many species of Nasa and usually of moderate systematic value, the characteristic sepals found in Nasa katjae are exceptional. They are as long as the petals and, in some cases, even longer and the persistent calyx closes after flowering and shows a further elongation (Fig. 2 D). Whilst the function of the long calyx in fruiting remains unknown (possibly moisture regulation), the calyx lobes are visually striking during anthesis and greatly influence the floral display. They are initially nestled up to the petals and start spreading and bending out their apices with beginning anthesis, giving the flower an elegant, slightly bell-shaped appearance. The sepals (half-) spread in peak anthesis and bend back after the flower sheds and fruit development starts.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The new species is named after Katja Lohse, beloved partner of the first author, mother of their children and steady supporter of his scientific endeavors.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Nasa katjae has so far only been collected a few times. The type collection was made about 5 km north of Colasay (Cajamarca, Peru, Fig. 1 A). It grows only in, and at the edges of small streams in the highest part of this isolated forest fragment (Fig. 1 B – D). It is associated with the typical floristic elements in these “ bosques montanos húmedos ” such as Chusquea sp., Fuchsia sp., Vernonanthura sp., Saurauia sp., Miconia spp. and Viburnum sp. The forest in the uppermost regions is largely intact and only disturbed by small paths and some recent, small-scale clearings. However, the increasing negative impact of livestock farming is evident from the cattle tracks visible everywhere along the paths and already within the forest fragments.</p><p>The plants are adapted to the very dense vegetation by a flexible growth habit. In the few more open areas where the path crosses the streams, the plants grow upright and begin to flower at a height of 1 to 1.50 m. In the wettest parts, where the dense primary vegetation consists mainly of impenetrable bamboo thickets ( Chusquea sp.), the plants continue to grow in length until they reach an open area to display their flowers. Although difficult to measure, some individuals easily reach a size of more than 4 m. The flowers are typical “ hummingbird-pollinated ” flowers thus having open space around them is vital for successful pollination. All Nasa species are protandrous and exhibit a thigmonastic stamen movement and staggered stamen maturation (Weigend et al. 2010; Henning and Weigend 2012). In the taxa pollinated by hummingbirds, this movement is reduced to a minimum both geometrically (i. e. the angle the stamens bend) and temporally (the number of moved stamens = pollen packets in time). N. katjae sp. nov. has erect petals (in contrast to spreading petals in insect-pollinated taxa), therefore the stamen hardly move towards the center, and the pollen dispersal is limited to a successive maturation and dehiscence of the anthers. This is a secondary adaptation to the unreliable visitation probability and the random and long distances hummingbirds transport the pollen (Henning et al. 2018). However, we could not observe any visits to the plants. Ripe fruits with full seed set were found.</p><p>The new species must be considered narrowly endemic to the overall area. It has been found twice at a spring area called “ Agua Fria ” which is the type locality. Only very recently, two new observations have come to our knowledge that, according to the locality-data on iNaturalist, have taken place some approximately 2.5 km further east. However, it is very likely that the species follows the streams downhill through the forest and inhabits suitable areas within the primary forest in all directions.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>The known populations have been visited four times now by different people between February 2023 and March 2024. All visitors report flowering and fruiting plants, and it can be assumed that the plants flower throughout the year without a substantial break reflecting the constant climate and minor seasonal variation in temperature and precipitation in this wet montane forest.</p><p>Preliminary conservation status.</p><p>The forest near Colasay represents the southeasternmost part of a larger forest system that is often referred to as the “ Bosques Montanos de Jaén’ ’. A former protected area called “ Área de Conservación Municipal de Bosque de Huamantanga’ ’ was recently expanded to become the “ Área de Conservación Regional Páramos y Bosques Montanos de Jaén y Tabaconas ” (D. S. N ° 005-2021 - MINAM see https://www.gob.pe/institucion/sernanp/normas-legales/1896920-005-2021-minam, Fig. 1 A) and covers almost 32000 hectares of the north-western parts of this forest system in the districts of Sallique, Chontalí and San José del Alto. Unfortunately, the southern district of Colasay and the surrounding forests are not yet part of this protected area. Although large areas are still intact, recent deforestation and the expansion of agricultural land are threatening the forests at higher altitudes, which not only harbor great biodiversity, but also represent an important watershed whose streams are the main tributaries for a number of important river systems. There is no evidence that N. katjae is present in other parts of the larger forest system. Given the peculiar habitat preference and the lack of other collections or reports of the species, even in a wider area, N. katjae appears to be very narrowly endemic. It presumably only occurs along a small number of streams in a few remote spots in the south-eastern part of the forest system and seems isolated from the other parts by the steep topography and its adaptation to flowing water. The forest patch north of Colasay has an extension of approximately 25–30 km 2. It is only connected to the northwards running chain of forests in the west at lower altitudes that might represent a barrier for high-altitude taxa. The Extent of Occurrence (EOO) can thus be estimated as this single forest patch and the Area of Occupancy (AOO) is even smaller, and it appears possible that only a small number of populations exists at and near the type locality. Due to the visible expansion of agricultural activities from the lower towards the higher altitudes, the forest is being pushed back from all sides and is getting even more isolated from the other forests further north. Given these observations, the new species must be considered as Critically Endangered (CR) based on the criteria A 3 (conditions c and d) B 1 and B 2 (conditions a and b) according to the IUCN guidelines (2024). Unlike in N. loxensis and N. calycina comb. nov., we did not use Geocat to calculate the EOO and AOO for N. katjae . Since the whole forest only has the size of one grid cell (25 km 2) a comparison would be pointless and misleading. In fact, the de facto suitable habitat is much smaller, since only the uppermost parts of the forest appear moist enough.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E44E738BF6F254E2B7D0D703436E03ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henning, Tilo;Allen, Joshua P.;Montesinos-Tubeé, Daniel;Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Eric F.;Peña, José Luis Marcelo;Acuña-Castillo, Rafael	Henning, Tilo, Allen, Joshua P., Montesinos-Tubeé, Daniel, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Eric F., Peña, José Luis Marcelo, Acuña-Castillo, Rafael (2025): No end to endemism – contributions to the difficult Nasa Weigend Series Alatae (Loasaceae). A new species from Peru and the rehabilitation of “ Loasa ” calycina Benth. PhytoKeys 252: 163-186, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.252.141635
E4AA965F33C75024B281AD970B4951B0.text	E4AA965F33C75024B281AD970B4951B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nasa loxensis (Kunth) Weigend	<div><p>Nasa loxensis (Kunth) Weigend in Weigend et al. Revista Peru. Biol. 13 (1): 77. 2006.</p><p>Fig. 3 A</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Loasa loxensis Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 6: 116.1823.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Ecuador • [Prov. Loja] Loxa, [Aug?. 1802], A. v. Humboldt &amp; A. Bonpland 3349 (Holotype: P barcode P 00679495!)</p><p>Description.</p><p>Plants to ca. 1.5 m tall, covered with scabrid, glochidiate and stinging trichomes, glandular trichomes inconspicuous or absent. Stems erect, cylindrical, to 1 cm diam., base woody. Leaves opposite, petiolate, petioles 1–6 cm long, leaf blades pinnately veined, 3–14 × 2–8.5 (– 11.5) cm, triangular to ovate, with 1–6 lobes per side, widely triangular to ovate, apices acute or rounded, the largest of a leaf, 0.5–2 (– 4.5) × 0.4–2 (– 3) cm, the first or second often the largest (the third less commonly so), progressively smaller apically, margins serrate to denticulate, each tooth with a hydatode, base rounded, truncate or shallowly cordate (sinus to 5 mm deep), apex acuminate. Inflorescence a monochasial or dichasial cyme, 7–30 cm long, bracts alternate, one per flower, usually shorter and proportionally much narrower than the vegetative leaves, elliptical, 1–8 × 0.2–3.2 cm, diminishing in length, and particularly width, towards the inflorescence apex with 4–7, broadly triangular, shallow to very shallow lobes, base rounded. Pedicels 2.5–3.6 cm long in anthesis, often horizontal but ranging to 45 ° above or below the horizontal, the apex deflexed. Flowers deflexed, up to 7 per inflorescence branch. Sepals 5, ovate triangular, apex acute to acuminate, green, 0.7–1.3 × 0.4–0.7 cm, with three main veins, evidently much shorter than the petals. Petals 5, orange to red, shallowly cymbiform, base narrower than the limb but claw short and poorly differentiated (to 4 mm wide), 2.5–3.8 × 0.8–1 cm, with 3 evident main veins, tip acuminate, basal gaps between petals leave the scale bases visible (gaps often visible, sepals too short to hide them), corolla wider at base, tapering distally. Nectar scales 5, yellow to orange red, going from lighter yellow on the back to darker orange on sacs and red orange on neck, 11–16 mm long and ca. 3 mm wide at the base, basally on back with two depressed globose sacs 2 mm in diam., nectar scale back rectangular narrow, papillose, dorsal threads 0, 2 or 3, short, &lt;1 mm long (very rarely longer), inserted subapically, scale neck thickened, slightly recurved, laterally protracted into two horizontal wings 5 mm long and 1 mm wide. Staminodia 2 per scale, 17 mm, narrowing apically, apex filiform, more or less sigmoid, slightly papillose, white. Stamens, usually extending beyond the petals during the male phase, in 5 antepetalous fascicles of 13–16 each, filaments to 30 + mm long, anthers 1.5 mm long and 1 mm wide, elliptical, cream before dehiscence, whitish when shedding pollen, black after pollen is shed. Ovary broadly conical or hemispherical, with a rounded base, to 7 × 5–6 mm, with 3 parietal placentae. Stigma lobes 3, shortly decurrent on the style surface, style to ca. 30 mm long. Fruit a clavate or cylindrical capsule with persistent sepals, pedicel erect, 25–55 mm long, mature capsule 21–27 (– 30) x 11–13 (– 14) mm (width at sepal insertion) including a short or elongated conical apical projection, opening by the three apically dehiscing valves, base rounded, less commonly tapering. Seeds numerous, dark brown, ovoidal, testa reticulate.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>For detailed information on identification, ecology etc. see notes under Nasa calycina . Across its distributional range, our redefined Nasa loxensis seems to show high uniformity in floral characters, although the observed leaf morphology can be significantly more diverse. The most unusual (and variable) leaf morphologies have been reported from the southernmost populations directly to the west and south of the city of Loja (Weigend 2000 b). Some plants in this area have leaf blades with very prominent, long lobes and deep sinuses, and are occasionally as wide as long. The reasons for the high foliar variability in this part of the range are unknown. Living plants that closely resemble the type material of Nasa loxensis (Humboldt &amp; Bonpland 3349) have been collected from localities to the west and north of the city of Loja.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>Ecuador. Cañar • Parroquia Rivera, sector Santo Tomás, vía a Monay, propiedad de Luis Méndez, 2754 m, 12 October 2000, A. Verdugo et al. 230 (HA) • Azuay Sevilla de Oro, 10–12 km N of village, 2750–2850 m, 11 September 1976, B. Øllgaard &amp; H. Balslev 9331 (AAU) • The Eastern Cordillera, 1–8 km north of the village of Sevilla de Oro, 2400–2700 m, 27 July – 12 August 1956, W. Camp E- 4339 (P) • Gualaceo a Macas, a 12 km de Gualaceo, 6 August 1986, A. Freire-Fierro 251 (GB) • West of Patul 3 km between Huahualcay and Río Patul below Pasas de Pinglión, 2670–3275 m, 19 May 1943, J. Steyermark 52611 (F) • Mountains near Cuenca, August 1864, W. Jameson s. n. (E, US) • Rio Machangara, NW Cuenca, quebrada vegetation, 3000–3100 m, 18 September 1967, B. Sparre 18609 (US) • Sayausid, ca. 3000 m, 1 April 1968, G. Harling et al. 7942 (GB) • Mountains above Sayausid, 3000–3200 m, 18 March 1974, G. Harling &amp; L. Andersson 12604 (GB) • Above Sayausí, at first bridge over Río Tomebamba . Secondary scrub, 3200 m, 3 March 1985, G. Harling &amp; L. Andersson 22702 (GB, QCA) • Above Sayausí, trail to Cajas, 3300 m, 20 July 1939, C. Penland &amp; R. Summers 1074 (F, US) • Río Mihuir (Miguir?) 1 km below Miguir on road Cuenca – Molleturo . Secondary scrub, 3400 m, 8 March 1985, G. Harling &amp; L. Andersson 22915 (GB, QCA) • Cuenca, Cajas, Laguna Llaviuco (= Laguna Surocucho). Directly on the roadside, 3000–3150 m, September – October 1995, M. Weigend &amp; S. Horn 3830 (F, QCA) • Area Nacional Recreacional Cajas, Sect. Llaviuco, 3300 m, 8 January 1991, S. León et al. 2509 (QCA) • Surucucho, 2800 m, March 1967, F. Vivar et al. 514 (Loja) • Cuenca, Sayausí, sector Dudahuayco, captación de agua . En sitios abiertos y pastizales, 3060 m, 20 July 2006, A. Verdugo &amp; D. Minga 1678 (HA) • Cuenca, Sayausi. Road to Llaviucu lagoon, close to the intersection with the Cuenca-Molleturo road . Common in degraded vegetation on the roadside, 3024 m, 18 February 2017, R. Acuña &amp; H. Garzón 1732 (QCA) • Las Cajas: near Laguna Llaviuco Montane forest and disturbed areas along the road, 3100–3200 m, 12 September 1983, B. Boysen Larsen &amp; B. Eriksen 45098 (AAU) • Parque Nacional Cajas, Laguna de Llaviuco, 3170 m, 9 June 2011, C. Ulloa et al. 2137 (HA, QCA) • Fierroloma, Zorrocucho, en bosque primario, 3200 m, 15 January 1997, D. Minga 86 (HA) • Dudahuaycu, Mazán, 3500 m, 6 March 1991, G. Chacón 93 (HA) • 14 July 1994, G. Chacón 94 (HA) • A 1 km del control de la vía a Loja, partidero del lado derecho hacia Yanasacha, bosque secundario y pajonal, zona lluviosa, 3000–3200 m, 26 June 1978, J. Jaramillo &amp; J. Boeke 412 (QCA) • Río Matadero valley near entrance to Parque Nacional de Cajas, 2900 m, 28 December 1979, L. Holm-Nielsen 20928 (AAU) • Sunsun-Yanasacha. Vía a mina de Caolín, cerca el río. En el sotobosque, 3100 m, 16 June 1999, F. Serrano et al. 718 (HA) • Vía partidero a Quinoas-Surocucho, 3000 m, 5 February 1978, F. Ortiz &amp; J. Jaramillo 76 (QCA) • Portete del Tarqui and environs, remnants of montane forest, 2600–2700 m, 24 February 1993, G. Harling &amp; B. Ståhl 26666 (QCA) • Tarqui, near the monument, 2600 m, 5 February 1982, G. Harling et al. 20247 (GB) • Victoria del Portete, sector Aguarongo y / o Caspishitana . En el sotobosque, 3584 m, 26 April 2006, A. Verdugo &amp; D. Minga 904 (HA) • 15 km SW of Cuenca on road to Giron, 8 km SE on dirt road from Hacienda Tarquí turnoff, km 22, to Patococha, 2950 m, 30 May 1990, P. Peterson &amp; E. Judziewicz 9359 (QCA) • Patacocha, 7–8 km by trail S of Hacienda Tarqui at Inquis, 3050–3100 m, 29 January 1988, U. Molau et al. 2750 (GB) • Victoria del Portete, Río Portete, sector captación de agua, 2778 m, 25 April 2006, A. Verdugo &amp; D. Minga 887 (HA) • Sigsig to Gualaquiza, Rio Altarurcu (20 km E of Sigsig), 2800 m, 13 April 1968, G. Harling et al. 8309 (GB) • Cumbe, 2900 m, 22–24 April 1968, G. Harling et al. 8692 (GB) • 13 km S of Cumbe, 3300 m, 9 Jun 1979, B. Løjtnant et al. 14417 (AAU, GB) • Along Pan-American Highway, 40 km south of Cuenca, 3300 m, 20 September 1944, I. Wiggins 10761 (US) • Loja: Saraguro, camino Panamericana-Huashapamba, montaña húmeda, 2800–3000 m, 31 September 2004, A. Macas s. n. (CHEP) • Vicinity of Las Juntas, 28 September 1918, J. Rose et al. 23189 (US) • Between La Toma and Loja, 1800–2600 m, 4 September 1923, A. Hitchcock 21370 (US) • Road Catamayo (La Toma) - Loja, km 9 past junction with old road . Bosque húmedo remnants and secondary scrub, 2550 m, 28 April 1997, G. Lewis 3216 (E, Loja) • West of Loja, just over pass to Catamayo (Toma); 1 km south of Loma de Trigal, scrub forest, 5 May 1986, M. Baker 6959 (NY, US) • Cerro Villonaco, 2600–2750 m, 12 April 1974, G. Harling &amp; L. Andersson 13461 (GB) • W Slope, 10 February 1985, G. Harling &amp; L. Andersson 21862 (GB, QCA) • 1 March 1947, R. &amp; A. Espinosa 1316 (Loja) • Cerro Uritusinga. Loja-La Palma, km 18–20 . Montane forest, primary and secondary forest under heavy pressure, exploited to produce charcoal, 2910–3000 m, 30 November 1994, P. Jørgensen et al. 1040 (Loja) • Loja, 8 November 1876, E. André K- 546 (F) • Parte alta de Hacienda Montecristi, unos 40 km NE de Loja, curso del Río Zamora hacia el oriente, 8 June 1947, R. Espinosa 1471 (Loja) • Cantón Catacocha, El Almendral, Hacienda La Hamaca, 1800–2200 m, 16 April 1944, M. Acosta Solís 7902 (F) • Chepel, 2200 m, s. d., R. Espinosa 1978 (Loja) • Prov. Unknown: Herb. de Pérou, s. d. J. de Jussieu s. n. (P) • Équateur et Pérou, s. d., M. Grisar s. n. (P) • Warszewicz s. n. (F neg, No. 10202) .</p><p>Photographic evidence (iNaturalist): (Note: due to Nasa loxensis s. l. being considered threatened by the IUCN, it was not possible to obtain the precise locality of some observations): Ecuador • Azuay: - 2.98455, - 79.07776, April 2023, Kabir Montesinos, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/154122854 • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.14866&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.84466" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.14866/lat -2.84466)">Laguna Sorocuchu</a>, - 2.84466, - 79.14866, April 2023, Kabir Montesinos, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/153135367 • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.36357&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.89167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.36357/lat -2.89167)">W del P. N. Cajas</a>, - 2.89167, - 79.36357, May 2021, Kabir Montesinos, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/80194774 • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.13816&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.08651" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.13816/lat -3.08651)">Cerca del Portete de Tarqui</a>, - 3.08651, - 79.13816, March 2024, Kabir Montesinos, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/204670994 • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.13622&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.08931" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.13622/lat -3.08931)">Cerca del Portete de Tarqui</a>, - 3.08931, - 79.13622, November 2022, Kabir Montesinos, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/141022114 • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.35685&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.14969" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.35685/lat -3.14969)">Carachula</a>, - 3.14969, - 79.35685, June 2023, Kabir Montesinos, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/167995363 • Loja: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.25242&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.671097" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.25242/lat -3.671097)">Washapamba</a>, - 3.671097, - 79.252418, May 2023, LostInCR, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178891174 • <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.24484&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.682952" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.24484/lat -3.682952)">camino de Washapamba a Cerro de Torre</a> - 3.682952, - 79.244846, April 2022, Rudy Gelis, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/118712124 • Province Undetermined: Aug. 2019, manuelganzhi, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/31622038 • July 2020, Jonathan Aguirre Pesantez, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/67707816 • June 2022, Jonathan Aguirre Pesantez, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/121346890 • September 2022, bb_593, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134805560 • October 2022, bb_593, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137584820 • February 2022, Edgar Segovia, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/106356391.</p><p>There are two observations from southern Cajamarca in Peru that are tentatively placed here. Since no herbarium material was available so far, we refrain from reporting a Peruvian distribution of this species for the time being. Peru • Cajamarca, - 6.47573, - 79.01225, August 2022, manuelroncal, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131296479 • - 6.23583, - 79.07411, August 2007, barbetboy, http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/15334620 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Nasa loxensis has a wide distribution in southern Ecuador, found in the provinces of Cañar, Azuay, Loja and apparently Morona-Santiago (Fig. 1). It is one of the most frequently collected species of Nasa in Ecuador as it can be found growing near human settlements, frequently visited national parks, and in both pristine and degraded habitats. At its southernmost distribution limits, it is suddenly replaced by Nasa calycina, farther to the SW, Nasa amaluzensis replaces both taxa. Further north in Tungurahua and Cotopaxi, similar Nasa auca can be found. As indicated above, a disjunct distribution at the southern end of the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone in Peru (Cajamarca, Prov. Chota) appears possible but needs further examination and material.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Flowering has been recorded every month of the year.</p><p>Tentative conservation assessment.</p><p>We recommend considering this species as NT. Although both its AOO (900 km 2) and EOO (12.193 km 2) could suggest a Vulnerable (VU) status like Cornejo and Suin (2011) recommended previously, these seem to be the only criteria that could justify such assessment as no other criterion appears to support a high-risk category. Nasa loxensis can be seen frequently in the W and S of the city of Cuenca and seems to be able to withstand some habitat degradation. Seemingly healthy populations are protected within the current limits of Cajas National Park.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4AA965F33C75024B281AD970B4951B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henning, Tilo;Allen, Joshua P.;Montesinos-Tubeé, Daniel;Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Eric F.;Peña, José Luis Marcelo;Acuña-Castillo, Rafael	Henning, Tilo, Allen, Joshua P., Montesinos-Tubeé, Daniel, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Eric F., Peña, José Luis Marcelo, Acuña-Castillo, Rafael (2025): No end to endemism – contributions to the difficult Nasa Weigend Series Alatae (Loasaceae). A new species from Peru and the rehabilitation of “ Loasa ” calycina Benth. PhytoKeys 252: 163-186, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.252.141635
