identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7B2327758F27F55CFF74FC59FDB7FC08.text	7B2327758F27F55CFF74FC59FDB7FC08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parpercis annamalai Yosuva & Ho & Jeyapragash & Saravanakuamr 2020	<div><p>Parpercis annamalai sp. nov.</p> <p>Annamalai’s Sandperch</p> <p>Figs. 1 A–B, 2 A–C, 3, 4A, C, E, F, 5; Tables 1, 2</p> <p>Holotype. ZSI/ MBRC /F.1950 (120.2 mm SL), male 11°30’6.4”N, 79°46’19.8”E, off coast of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=79.77217&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.501778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 79.77217/lat 11.501778)">Parangipettai</a>, southeastern India, Bay of Bengal, eastern Indian Ocean, 12 Sep. 2018.</p> <p>Paratypes. ZSI/ MBRC /F.1951 (1, 120.1), female; NMMB-P30954 (1, 120.8), male; both collected together with holotype.</p> <p>Diagnosis. A species of Parapercis differs from all congeners in having the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays V, 21–22; anal-fin rays I, 17–18; pectoral-fin rays 17–18; pored lateral-line scales 53–54; median predorsal scales 7; transverse scale rows 4/13; gill rakers on 1st gill arch 15–17; single row of stout teeth on vomer; no teeth on palatine; 3 pairs of enlarged canines at front of lower jaw; opercle uniformly dark brownish; blade-like patch on cheek, the patch orange dorsally and reddish ventrally, fading entirely in preservative; dorsal fins light grayish with 2 rows of spots; a whitish longitudinal band just above lateral axis of body; dorsal surface of body with 8 irregular blackish saddles and lower half with 7 reddish bars and black dots on upper half of each bar; lower half of anal fin reddish; caudal fin grayish with upper and lower portion darker and vertical rows of orange dots on yellowish bands.</p> <p>Description. The following data or character states are provided for the holotype, followed in parentheses by the data for all 3 types, except where indicated otherwise.</p> <p>Dorsal-fin elements V, 21 (V, 22 in 1 paratype), first spine short, fourth longest and the last spine fully connected to the 1st dorsal-fin ray by membrane; all soft rays branched; anal-fin elements I, 17 (I, 18 in 1 paratype), all rays branched, the last one branched to the base; pectoral-fin rays 17 on both sides (18 on right side of 1 paratype), all branched except the uppermost ray; principal caudal-fin rays 15, all but the lowermost ray branched; upper pro- current rays 11 (10); lower procurrent rays 9 (9); pored lateral-line scales 54 (53–54), not including 3 smaller pored scales on the caudal-fin base; scale rows between origin of dorsal fin posteroventrally to lateral line 4; scale rows between lateral line posteroventrally and origin of anal fin 13; median predorsal scales 7 (7 or 8); circumpeduncular scale rows 24 (24–25); rakers on outer side of 1st gill arch 5+11=16 (4+11 and 6+11, respectively, in the paratypes); pseudobranchial filaments 17 (17 or 19 in paratypes); branchiostegal rays 6; vertebrae 10+20=30.</p> <p>Body relatively short, nearly cylindrical anteriorly and gradually compressed posteriorly; head relatively long and depressed, it length 34.0 (34.0–34.2)% SL; ventral part of head, chest, and abdomen slightly convex; snout relatively long, its length 29.1 (27.0–29.5)% HL; eye moderately large, its diameter 26.2 (24.0–26.2)% HL; simple shallow lobe of iris lappet; interorbital space flat, moderately wide, 9.8 (9.8–10.2)% HL.</p> <p>Mouth large, maxilla reaching vertical through middle of eye; mouth oblique, forming an angle of about 15° to horizontal axis of body; lower jaw extends slightly beyond upper jaw anteriorly; upper jaw with outer row of conical teeth that curve medially and posteriorly, anterior 10 slightly larger, the second tooth especially large; other teeth smaller and subequal in size; broad band of villiform teeth in about 7 or 8 rows at front of upper jaw, gradu- ally narrowing posteriorly to about 1 or 2 irregular rows; front of lower jaw with 3 pairs of recurved canine teeth at front (some with 1 or 2 teeth lost), outer (last) tooth largest; band of about 7 or 8 rows of villiform teeth, medial row continuing posteriorly to row of 7 or 8 increasingly larger and more strongly recurved teeth (last 3 or 4 of these distinctly enlarged), followed by single row of small teeth to middle portion of jaw; vomer with single row of 6 (3 in one paratype) stout conical teeth; palatines without teeth; lips smooth, their inner surface with many fleshy papillae that interdigitate with anterior teeth; tongue broadly rounded, reaching posterior margin of vomerine teeth anteriorly.</p> <p>Gill membranes free from isthmus, with a broad transverse free fold. Gill rakers short and spinous, longest raker about one fourth length of longest gill filament. Nostrils small, anterior nostril tube-like, in front of eye clearly below a horizontal line through middle of eye (viewed from side), about half way from anterior margin of eye to groove at edge of upper lip, with a broadly pointed posterior flap that does not reach posterior nostril when laid back; posterior nostril dorsoposterior to anterior nostril, ovate with slight rim; internasal distance about 2–3 times diameter of posterior nostril.</p> <p>Pores of cephalic sensory system relatively few in number, connected by complex canals beneath the skin. Row of 3 large pores above maxilla; 3 pores near nostrils, 1 pore above and 1 below the posterior nostril and 1 between nostrils; 2 pores on each side of space between posterior nostril to anterior interorbital space; single row of 4 supra- orbital pores; single irregular row of suborbital pores; few free pores behind upper corner of eyes. Single row of 6 large pores on free margin of preopercle; pores on occiput relatively few, originating from row of 2 or 3 pores on posterior interorbital space, divided into two multiple series on each side continues to origin of lateral-line. Single row of 4 large pores on mandibular; and 2 large pores at front of chin.</p> <p>Opercle bearing a strong posteriorly-directed sharp spine, at about same level as ventral edge of pupil when viewed from the side; corner of free margin of subopercle with a stout spine in holotype (small cluster of 3–6 spinules in both paratype); preopercle broadly rounded, its free edge strongly serrated, with about 13 sharp spines (blunt spines in a paratype); free margin of interopercle smooth.</p> <p>Scales strongly ctenoid and imbricate in most parts of body; those on opercle large and ctenoid (some posterior scales cycloid); on space anterior to pectoral fin base large and cycloid; on pectoral fin base small and cycloid; on nape anterior to a line from upper free end of gill opening to origin of dorsal fin cycloid; on cheek cycloid, mostly embedded under the skin, except those on posteriodorsal region which are imbricate; on chest cycloid; on abdomen cycloid; on caudal fin progressively smaller and weakly ctenoid, except for some cycloid on posteriormost region, covering about two-thirds of the upper and lower lobes and half of the middle portion; no scales on dorsal, anal, or pelvic fins; predorsal scales extending forward to, or slightly anterior to, a vertical from hind margin of preopercle; lateral line broadly arched over pectoral fin, then gradually slanting to straight midlaterally on about posterior fourth of body.</p> <p>Origin of dorsal fin above second lateral-line scale, predorsal length about equal to head length; first 4 dorsal spines progressively longer posteriorly, last spine entirely attached to first soft ray by membrane; soft dorsal-fin rays progressively longer posteriorly, penultimate soft dorsal-fin ray longest; pectoral fins broadly rounded when spread, ninth or tenth ray longest, reaching a vertical from first (first or second) anal-fin ray; origin of pelvic fins before pectoral fin origin and below base of exposed part of subopercular spines; pelvic fin relatively short, reaching genital papilla, fourth pelvic-fin ray longest; origin of anal fin below base of fifth soft dorsal-fin ray; anal-fin spine short, penultimate anal soft ray longest; caudal fin with a slight prolongation on upper lobe, its length about 1/3 eye diameter, and lower lobe rounded.</p> <p>Coloration when fresh (Figs. 1 A–B, 3). Body mostly red with 8 narrow blackish brown saddles on dorsum, each saddle with irregular dark marks; belly brightly white to pink; a whit longitudinal band just above lateral axis of body; row of 7 broad red bars along lower sides of body, each bar with black dots dorsally, these becoming fainter ventrally.</p> <p>Head slightly darker in color, a large blade-like patch on cheek just below the eye, the patch orange dorsally, blackish posteriorly and reddish ventrally; eye orange-red, its dorsal margin yellowish anteriorly and blackish poste- riorly; snout irregularly greenish and blackish; lips on both jaws uniformly pink; opercle entirely dark brown; most of subopercle, branchiostegal membranes, chest and front of pectoral-fin base bright white; isthmus region light gray. Row of 4 large yellowish brown spots on top of head behind eyes; horizontal row of 3 large black spots just behind the eyes; a large black curved patch on each side of shoulder; 2 black patches on top of nape.</p> <p>First dorsal fin gray with a black patch at anterior portion of its base; second dorsal fin yellowish gray with row of large black spots at the base and 2 or 3 additional irregular rows of red spots on remainder of fin; pectoral fin pinkish yellow, translucent; pelvic fin pale with slightly yellow and black pigmentation on inner portion; upper half of anal fin pale and lower half red; caudal fin greenish gray with upper and lower margin darker, about 7 or 8 irregular, yellow bars alternating with grayish blue bars, orange spots on yellow bars associated with fin rays. Fresh coloration of female specimen similar to that of males, but less dark.</p> <p>Coloration in preservative (Fig. 2 A–C; 3A, C, E, F). The two male specimens are generally darker than the female. Body mostly deep gray, with abdominal region paler; narrow brown saddles on dorsum becoming more irregular below, middle 6 patches forming 3 pairs, black spots at space between pairs; a pale longitudinal band di- rectly below the saddles above body axis; black blotches on lower sides of body forming an irregular black stripe along body axis.</p> <p>Upper two thirds of head blackish gray and lower third paler; markings on check faded entirely; opercle uni- formly blackish brown; front of pectoral-fin base pale; first dorsal fin grayish with a dark patch on anterior por- tion of its base; second dorsal fin deep grayish with a row of black spots along its base and rows of smaller spots elsewhere; pectoral fin light grayish; pelvic fin pale with some melanophores on inner margin; anal-fin base light grayish; caudal fingray with anterior third darker and alternating narrow dark and gray bars on most of the fin.</p> <p>Etymology. Named for Annamalai University, which supported the studies of the Indian authors.</p> <p>Size. The largest specimen examined was a 120.8 mm SL male.</p> <p>Distribution. Currently known only from the type series collected from along the coastal waters of Parangipettai, southeastern India, Bay of Bengal.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7B2327758F27F55CFF74FC59FDB7FC08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yosuva, Mariasingarayan;Ho, Hsuan-Ching;Jeyapragash, Danaraj;Saravanakuamr, Ayyappan	Yosuva, Mariasingarayan, Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Jeyapragash, Danaraj, Saravanakuamr, Ayyappan (2020): Parapercis annamalai sp. nov., a new sandperch from southwestern India (Family Pinguipedidiae). Zootaxa 4786 (4): 555-564, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4786.4.7
