taxonID	type	description	language	source
745E87B5BC73C163504EFC2BE9FDFE30.taxon	description	Typical is the well-developed style splitting into 3 infolding stigmas on top. Staminate flowers with coriaceous sepals, scales present and stamens vertically united. — Type: SAN (J. B. Sugau, S. Dauni, L. Kuntil, S. Lideh) 149532 (holo L [L 0784438]), Malaysia, Sabah, Pensiangan, Sapulut F. R., Gunong Maliat, N 4 ° 23 ' E 116 ° 57 ', alt. 1437 m, 21 Nov. 2006. Small tree, c. 5 m high, monoecious. Indumentum of simple hairs and asperities (hard papillae). Stem with asperities. Stipules triangular, 4 – 5 mm long, (early to) late caducous. Leaves distichous; petiole 2 – 3 mm long, U-shaped in transverse section, with asperities; blade ovate-elliptic, 3.5 – 5 by 1.3 – 1.8 cm, 2.8 – 3 times as long as wide, symmetric, base (acute to) obtuse, margin entire, apex acute to subacuminate, surfaces without glands, drying blackish; venation distinct, pinnate, side veins in 6 – 7 pairs, looped and closed near margin, midrib above with asperities, veinlets reticulate. Inflorescences bisexual, axillary fascicles of single to several bracteate flowers; bracts shorter than stipules, triangular, margin erose. Flowers actinomorphic, pedicellate, erect; calyx urceolate, 6 - lobed, imbricate; petals, disc and pistillode absent. Staminate flowers: pedicel c. 1.2 mm long; calyx coriaceous, lobes short, with internal scale at lobe insertion that closes immature flower; stamens 3, united into central vertical androphore, anthers along androphore opening with extrorse lengthwise split, 2 - thecate. Pistillate flowers: pedicel c. 1 mm long; calyx persistent, fused for c. 1 mm, lobes c. 0.25 mm long, distinct; ovary short-cylindrical, 3 - locular, apically flat; style long, splitting into 3 stigmas, latter folded inward. Fruits capsules; calyx c. 2.5 mm diam, with free lobes 0.4 – 0.5 mm long; capsules c. 4 by 4.5 mm, subglobose, dehiscent in upward direction, smooth, glabrous, thin-walled and woody when dry, red; style c. 1 mm long, stigmas 0.2 – 0.3 mm long. Seeds c. 3.3 by 2 mm, sharply trigonous, smooth, with yellow to reddish sarcotesta. Distribution — Only known from the type from North Borneo (Sabah). Habitat & Ecology — Primary montane rainforest, hill slope. Flowering and fruiting: November. Note — Though not phylogenetically analysed, the species is part of Breynia subg. Breynia sect. Breynia, because of the dark colour of the dried leaves, the structure of the stamens and the short stigmas. Very typical for this species and unique in the genus is the long style. The fact that the stigmas are infolded and short is likely indicative that this species is moth pollinated like most other species in section Breynia.	en	Esser, H. - J., Stuppy, W. H., Welzen, P. C. van (2022): Three new species and several typifications of Breynia (Phyllanthaceae) from Malesia. Blumea 67 (2): 132-138, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2022.67.02.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2022.67.02.07
745E87B5BC70C1635317FE61EED1FD66.taxon	description	Breynia racemosa auct. non (Blume) Müll. Arg.: Gage (1917) 479. Typical for this species are the elliptic leaves with very distinct venation at least below when dry, appearing glabrous without a lens but in fact being short papillate-pubescent, and appearing distinctly glaucous-greyish below. — Type: H. J. Lam 746 (holo L [L 0066064]; iso BO, SING), Indonesia, Papua, near Pioneer Bivouac, Mamberamo, 31 July 1920. Shrub to treelet, to 4 m tall, very slender, sparsely branched. Indumentum: pubescent, with simple hairs 0.05 – 0.1 (– 0.2) mm long and nearly papillate, usually not visible with the naked eye. Stipules 1.5 – 2 (– 2.5) by c. 0.75 mm, glabrous or with very few hairs at base. Leaves: petiole 2 – 3 mm long, pubescent; blade elliptic to slightly ovate (very rarely ovate), (2.2 –) 3 – 6.5 by (1 –) 2 – 3 cm, (1.7 –) 2.0 – 2.4 (– 3.3) times longer than wide, symmetric, membranous, base obtuse to slightly acute, margin entire, apex acute, upper surface pubescent on midvein and sideveins, otherwise glabrous, lower surface glaucous, slightly pubescent on midvein and sideveins to nearly glabrous; venation pinnate, side veins in 7 – 9 pairs, smaller veinlets slightly to distinctly visible. Flowers white to greenish, actinomorphic, pedicellate, erect; calyx 6 - lobed, pitcher-shaped; petals, disc and pistillode absent. Staminate flowers 1 – 3 (– 4) in an axillary glomerule or in a short raceme, glabrous to slightly pubescent; pedicel up to 1.5 – 2 mm long; stamens 3, united into a central vertical androphore. Pistillate flowers solitary, glabrous or pubescent at base; pedicel 1.2 – 1.5 mm long; calyx 2.5 – 3 mm long, subglabrous, lobes c. 0.5 mm long; ovary glabrous; stigmas 3, free, simple. Fruits solitary, fleshy, green turning pinkish to red to blackish; pedicel 2 – 4 mm long, slightly pubescent to glabrous; calyx hardly accrescent, (2.5 –) 3 – 3.5 mm diam, with free lobes 0.5 – 1 mm long, flat, without visible venation, glabrous; fruit (4 –) 5 by 5.5 – 7 mm, subglabrous but sometimes whitish at apex, without an apical ring, somewhat fleshy outside; stigmas 0.2 – 0.3 mm long, free, undivided. Seeds c. 5 by 3.5 – 4 mm, trigonous, smooth. Distribution — Endemic to New Guinea (Indonesian Papua, Western Province of Papua New Guinea). Habitat & Ecology — In secondary vegetation, open places in and margin of primary forest, on riverbanks, among tall cane grass (Saccharum); soil clay or gravel. Locally rather common. Altitude: sea level to 800 (– 1800) m. Flowers and fruits collected in January to March, July to November. Vernacular names — Katok iya; Padogre (Kapaokoe language). Additional collections studied (paratypes). Indonesia, West Papua, Bird’s Head Peninsula, surroundings of Ayawasi, E 132 ° 29 ' S 1 ° 09 ', 450 m, 05 Jan. 1996, W. Avé 4102 (L); Sg. Aëndoea near Oet, 06 July 1941, Aët (exp. E. Lundquist) 437 (A, BO- 2 sheets, L, SING); Indonesia, Papua, P. Jappen (= Japen), Kp. Baroe, near Seroei, 30 July 1939, Aët & Idjan (exp. L. J. Van Dijk) 240 (A, L); Irian Jaya, P. Jappen, Wasabori near Seroei, 16 Aug. 1939, Aët & Idjan (exp. L. J. Van Dijk) 478 (L); Papua New Guinea, Western Province, Fly River, 1876, L. M. d’Albertis s. n. (MEL- 2 sheets); Papua New Guinea, Strickland (= Bonito) River, Aug. 1885, W. Bäuerlen s. n. (MEL); 15 km SW. of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg (= Taritatu) River, 1800 m, Jan. 1939, L. J. Brass 12300 (A, L); Irian Jaya, 4 km SW. of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, E 138 ° 27 ' S 2 ° 54 ', 850 m, s. dat., L. J. Brass 13077 (A, CANB, L); Enarotali, Lake Paniai, Wissel Lakes, S 03 ° 55 ' E 136 ° 15 ', 1800 m, 26 Mar. 1955, BW (Chr. Versteegh) 3091 (CANB, L); Irian Jaya, Armina, Sjuga-Wagura area, Bomberai Peninsula, 13 May 1962, BW (V. W. Moll) 13026 (CANB, L); Van Rees Gebergte, Van Gelderen River, 100 m, May 1926, W. M. Docters van Leeuwen 9241 (BO, L- 2 sheets); Rouffaer River, 175 m, Aug. 1926, W. M. Docters van Leeuwen 10096 (BO, L); Nassaugebergte, Exploration Camp, 700 m, Oct. 1926, W. M. Docters van Leeuwen 10617 (BO- 2 sheets, L); Mam- berano, Camp Albatross, 60 m, Nov. 1926, W. M. Docters van Leeuwen 11355 (BO, L- 2 sheets); Wissel Lake Region, van rivier naar kebonbivak Perai, 11 – 17 Oct. 1939, P. J. Eyma 5261 (BO); Geelvink Bay, Nabire, 23 Feb. 1940, R. Kanehira & S. Hatusima 11445 (A, BO); Geelvink Bay, Dalman, 45 km inward of Nabire, 400 m, 01 Mar. 1940, R. Kanehira & S. Hatusima 12029 (BO); near Doorman-kali, 200 m, 21 Sept. 1920, H. J. Lam 1250 (BO, L); near Doorman river, 200 m, 24 Sept. 1920, H. J. Lam 1367 (A, BO, L); Noord river (= Lorentz river), 20 Oct. 1909, L. S. A. M. von RÖmer 679 (L). Notes — 1. The species is part of Breynia subg. Breynia sect. Breynia because of the structure of the stamens and the short, non-divided stigmas. In particular the very short indumentum is characteristic, in connection with the leaves being glaucous below. The fruits have a small calyx and a pedicel of regular length, and are not distinctive. 2. Doubtfully here may belong: Irian Jaya, W Irian, above Sukamapura (Hollandia = Djajapura), Kostermans & Soegeng 182 (L).	en	Esser, H. - J., Stuppy, W. H., Welzen, P. C. van (2022): Three new species and several typifications of Breynia (Phyllanthaceae) from Malesia. Blumea 67 (2): 132-138, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2022.67.02.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2022.67.02.07
745E87B5BC70C165504EFC9DEB83FC7A.taxon	description	Breynia mollis auct. non J. J. Sm.: Airy Shaw (1982) 9, pro parte quoad Celebes specimens. Breynia vestita auct. non Warb.: Airy Shaw (1982) 10, pro parte quoad Celebes specimens. Breynia vitis-idaea auct. non (Burm. f.) C. E. C. Fisch.: Airy Shaw (1982) 10, pro parte quoad Celebes specimens. This new species agrees with B. cernua (Poir.) Müll. Arg. by the large, accrescent fruiting calyx, but differs, among others, by the distinct indumentum (instead of being glabrous) and leaves with fewer veins (c. 5 pairs instead of 7 or more) and a mostly rounded (instead of acute) apex. A similar indumentum is shared with B. vestita Warb. from New Guinea, but the latter differs in elliptic (vs elliptic-suborbicular to more ovate) leaves c. 1.7 – 2 (instead of 0.9 – 1.6) times longer than wide, more distinctly glaucous below, and fruits without an apical ring and a smaller fruiting calyx (diameter smaller than fruit diameter, instead of larger). — Type: M. J. E. Coode 5797 (holotype L [L 0066241]; probable iso BO not seen, K not seen), Indonesia, Celebes, Sulawesi Tengah, Luwuk, slopes above town, S 0 ° 56 ' E 122 ° 47 ', 200 m, 04 Oct. 1989. Shrub or treelet, to 3 m tall. Indumentum: pubescent, with simple hairs 0.15 – 0.3 (– 0.5) mm long. Stipules 1 – 1.5 by c. 0.5 mm, pubescent at base. Leaves: petiole 2 – 2.5 mm long, pubescent; blade symmetric, thinly chartaceous, broadly (ovate-) elliptic to orbiculate, 1.3 – 2.5 by (1 –) 1.5 – 2 cm, 0.9 – 1.6 times longer than wide, base obtuse, margin entire, apex rounded to subacute to slightly retuse, upper surface slightly pubescent, in particular on midvein, lower surface slightly brighter but not glaucous when dried, pubescent all over and slightly more distinct on midvein and side veins; venation pinnate, side veins in c. 5 pairs, distinct and prominent when dry, smaller veinlets visible to indistinct above and below. Flowers pale green, actinomorphic, pedicellate, erect; calyx 6 - lobed, pitcher-shaped; petals, discs and pistillode absent. Staminate flowers 1 (– 2) per axil, pubescent to subglabrous; pedicel 1.5 – 4 mm long, slightly pubescent to subglabrous; calyx subglabrous; stamens 3, united into a central vertical androphore. Pistillate flowers solitary, pubescent; pedicel 1 – 2.5 mm long, pubescent; calyx 1.5 – 2 mm long, pubescent outside, with short free lobes c. 0.25 mm long; young ovary papillate all over; stigmas 3, free, simple. Fruits solitary, becoming fleshy red; pedicel 2 – 3 mm long, pubescent; calyx distinctly accrescent, 4 – 6 mm diam, with free lobes 0.5 – 1 mm long, flat, diameter equal or larger than the fruit itself, without visible venation except for the midvein, pubescent outside and sometimes also inside; 3 – 4 by 4 – 4.5 mm, glabrous but apically often papillate, with or without an apical ring 0.25 – 0.9 mm high, somewhat fleshy outside; stigmas 0.2 – 0.3 mm long, free, undivided. Seeds c. 3.5 by 2.5 mm, trigonous, smooth. 136 Blumea – Volume 67 / 2, 2022 c 1 mm h 0.5 mm 1 mm f d g e 1 mm 1 mm i 1 cm 1 mm a k 1 mm 1 mm m 1 mm l b j Distribution — Endemic to Indonesia: Borneo, Celebes. Habitat & Ecology — Growing in secondary scrubs and dis- turbed lowland forest, often on steep slopes; soil clay or coral limestone, alt. 0 – 600 m. Flowers and fruits collected in April, May, July to November. Additional collections studied (paratypes). Indonesia, Borneo, Kalimantan, Central-East Borneo, W Koetai, Long Poehoes, Villa Rust Roest, 10 Aug. 1925, F. H. Endert 2445 (L); Indonesia, Celebes, Menado resid., Sibalaja, 20 m, Jan. 1929, Adj. veearts Donggala 42 (BO); Celebes, Menado, Donggala, Paloe, c. 150 m, 21 Nov. 1928, Bosch [bouw] proefstation (Kajoelei) 5 (B, L); Celebes, surroundings of Karumba, c. 8 km E of Tawaeli on road to Parigi, S 0 ° 43 ' E 119 ° 56 ', 200 m, 24 Apr. 1979, E. F. de Vogel 5026 (L); Celebes, Ost-Celebes, Loewoek, Burkmark, Aug. 1919, W. Kaudern 360 (S); Celebes, Central part, area of Kulora, near Palu, S 0 ° 53 ' E 119 ° 53 ', 500 m, 18 May 1975, W. Meijer (leg. Noerta) 10183 (L); Celebes, Central part, area of Wayungan, near Palu, S 0 ° 53 ' E 119 ° 53 ', 600 m, 19 May 1975, W. Meijer (leg. Noerta) 10228 (L, MO); Celebes, W. Centr. Celebes, Madjene and vicinity, Kamp Pangale, 29 July 1912, Noerkas (exp. L. van Vuuren) 414 (BO- 4 sheets, L); Celebes, Central Celebes, Madjene and vicinity, Kamp Papang, 27 July 1913, Rachmat (exp. L. van Vuuren) 249 (BO, L); Celebes, C Sulawesi, Road Palu – Donggala, S 0 ° 30 ' – 1 ° 30 ' E 119 ° 30 ' – 120 ° 30 ', 10 m, 02 Apr. 1979, M. M. J. van Balgooy 2979 (A, L). Notes — 1. The species is part of Breynia subg. Breynia sect. Breynia. 2. The combination of a distinct indumentum, mostly orbicular leaves with only few veins, and a large fruiting calyx is very characteristic. Lectotypes	en	Esser, H. - J., Stuppy, W. H., Welzen, P. C. van (2022): Three new species and several typifications of Breynia (Phyllanthaceae) from Malesia. Blumea 67 (2): 132-138, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2022.67.02.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2022.67.02.07
745E87B5BC76C1655317FB95EA32F9E8.taxon	description	Breynia rumpens J. J. Sm. (1910) 227; syn. nov. — Lectotype (designated here): Atasrip (exped. C. E. A. Wichmann) 241 (BO; isolecto L), Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Lake Sentani, Apr. 1903. Notes — 1. The collections from the Philippines and from New Guinea are morphologically nearly identical; the only minor difference may be the fruit size, 3.75 – 4.5 by 4.5 – 6 mm in the former, 4.5 – 5.5 by 5 – 6 mm in the latter. 2. Breynia rumpens had been synonymized with B. racemosa by Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996) and with B. cernua by Govaerts et al. (2000), but these synonyms are erroneous; B. racemosa has leaves distinctly glaucous beneath and does not occur in New Guinea, while B. cernua occurs in New Guinea but differs, e. g., by a much larger fruiting calyx, being larger than the fruit diameter.	en	Esser, H. - J., Stuppy, W. H., Welzen, P. C. van (2022): Three new species and several typifications of Breynia (Phyllanthaceae) from Malesia. Blumea 67 (2): 132-138, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2022.67.02.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2022.67.02.07
745E87B5BC76C165504EFF2DEF9FFE01.taxon	description	Note — The lectotype chosen is an excellent specimen with both flowers and fruits and a larger number of duplicates, and it was part of the Herbarium Hookerianum.	en	Esser, H. - J., Stuppy, W. H., Welzen, P. C. van (2022): Three new species and several typifications of Breynia (Phyllanthaceae) from Malesia. Blumea 67 (2): 132-138, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2022.67.02.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2022.67.02.07
745E87B5BC76C165504EFE3FEEE0FC64.taxon	description	Melanthesa racemosa Blume var. pubescens Müll. Arg. (1863) 73. — Breynia rhamnoides (Blume) Müll. Arg. var. pubescens (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg. (1866) 441. — Lectotype (designated here): N. Wallich Cat. 7917 A (G-DC *; isolecto BM, E, E-GL, FI-W, G, K, K-W), Malaysia, Penang. Note — Breynia discigera was described based on only one specimen from Singapore (Jäger 17, B) that was presumably destroyed together with the Berlin herbarium in World War II, and is therefore lost now. The citation of the collector was most probably erroneous and might refer to F. Jagor, who collected in Singapore in 1858, and whose collections were kept in B. The species is easy enough to recognize, being the only one with pubescent leaves in sect. Breynia in Thailand and the Malay Peninsula incl. Singapore. Therefore, a neotype is proposed here from a gathering from Singapore with several known duplicates, but which is presumably not present in SING.	en	Esser, H. - J., Stuppy, W. H., Welzen, P. C. van (2022): Three new species and several typifications of Breynia (Phyllanthaceae) from Malesia. Blumea 67 (2): 132-138, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2022.67.02.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2022.67.02.07
745E87B5BC76C165504EF983EE50F7C1.taxon	description	Note — Although Melanthesa rhamnoides Blume is the oldest available name for this species, the combination under Breynia is unavailable because of the name of Müller (1866), which is in fact an illegitimate replacement name for Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. f.) C. E. C. Fischer (Fischer 1932: 65). Melanthesa rhamnoides is, contrary to the statement by Govaerts et al. (2000), not illegitimate; the two heterotypic epitheta of rhamnoides were indeed confused by several authors.	en	Esser, H. - J., Stuppy, W. H., Welzen, P. C. van (2022): Three new species and several typifications of Breynia (Phyllanthaceae) from Malesia. Blumea 67 (2): 132-138, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2022.67.02.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2022.67.02.07
