identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E4EA868440325A5C904C1CD993591C92.text	E4EA868440325A5C904C1CD993591C92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afissa bicrescens Dieke 1947	<div><p>Afissa bicrescens Dieke, 1947 stat. rev.</p><p>Figs 3, 6</p><p>Afissa bicrescens Dieke, 1947: 142, figs 96, 166, 210. Type locality: Szechwan (= Sichuan) Prov., China. Type depository: USNM (holotype).</p><p>Epilachna bicrescens: Pang and Mao 1979: 152, fig. 155; Ren et al. 2009: 266; Pang et al. 2012: 5, fig. 3; Wang and Chen 2022: 460, fig. 2.</p><p>Material examined (10 exx.).</p><p>China: Chongqing: • 2 ♂♂, Kaizhou District, Xuebaoshan Town, 1255 m, 29. VIII. 2025, sweeping net, Wang Z. Z. leg. ; Sichuan: • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Baoxing, Fengyongzhai, 1500 m, 2–3. X. 2007, Wang X. M. et al. leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Afissa bicrescens is morphologically similar to Afissa uniformis Pang &amp; Mao, 1979 in body outline and elytral pattern, but can be easily distinguished from it by its male genitalia (Fig. 3 p – s), especially the simple and slightly curved penis.</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Measurements. TL: 3.3–4.6 mm, TW: 2.8–3.3 mm, TH: 1.5–1.8 mm, TL / TW: 1.2–1.4, PL / PW: 2.2, EL / TW: 1.1.</p><p>Body outline oval in dorsal view (Fig. 3 a), body medium-sized, moderately convex (Fig. 3 c). Dorsum with dense, long and white setae. Elytron mostly black with reddish variable maculae: (1) Longitudinal oval macula at anterior part of elytron, middle and distal part with reticulate macula (Fig. 3 a); (2) Longitudinal narrow macula at anterior part, while transverse macula in middle, o-shaped macula occurs at distal part in addition (Pang et al. 2012: fig. 3 d – f); (3) Elytron only with reticulate macula (Pang et al. 2012: fig. 3 a – c). Pronotal disc black and margins brown (Fig. 3 d). Head reddish with black transverse macula in middle, between eyes (Fig. 3 d). Prosternum, epipleuron, meso- and metaventrite yellowish-brown fused with blackish maculae. Legs yellowish except for middle and hind femora with black maculae at basal part (Fig. 3 b).</p><p>Terminal antennomere asymmetric with truncate apex (Fig. 3 n). Mandible with at least three teeth visible, incisor edge smooth with dense setae; basal tooth absent (Fig. 3 k). Maxilla with terminal palpomere securiform (Fig. 3 m). Labium with terminal palpomere conical (Fig. 3 h). Elytron slightly explanate, elytral margins very narrow (Fig. 3 a). Elytron with dense punctures varying in size. Metaventral postcoxal lines complete, discrimen long and incomplete (Fig. 3 t). Tibiae with apical spurs, tibial outer margins with longitudinal carinae (Fig. 3 e – g). Tarsal claw with two denticles, inner denticle about half length of outer one, basal tooth absent (Fig. 3 j). Abdominal postcoxal lines arcuate, nearly complete (Fig. 3 o).</p><p>Penis simple, slightly curved (Fig. 3 p). Penis capsule absent. Penis apex digitiform, without membranous region (Fig. 3 q). Tegminal strut short, triangular at apex (Fig. 3 r, s). Penis guide with outer and inner margin nearly parallel in lateral view, apex acute (Fig. 3 r). Penis guide gradually tapering to apex in inner view, apex acute and bifurcated with deep cut (Fig. 3 s). Parameres slender and stick-shaped in lateral view, about 2 / 3 length of penis guide, distal part with long and dense setae (Fig. 3 r).</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 3 u) with spermatheca and infundibulum absent, coxites elongate and triangular, much longer than wide, with terminal setae.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Shaanxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Guizhou, Hunan) (Fig. 6).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The illustrations of A. bicrescens provided in this research supported its generic position. Afissa bicrescens from Chongqing and Sichuan, as well as the line drawings in Dieke (1947), bear a similar penis guide which is elongate and slender in lateral view, while A. bicrescens figured by Pang and Mao (1979) as well as Pang et al. (2012) shows a comparatively robust penis guide in lateral view. Despite the differences in the penis guide, the parameres, which are distinctly shorter than the penis guide, are a consistent character in this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4EA868440325A5C904C1CD993591C92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Xinning;Zhu, Zihao;Wang, Xingmin	Zhang, Xinning, Zhu, Zihao, Wang, Xingmin (2026): On two new species of the genus Afissa Dieke, 1947 (Coccinellidae, Epilachnini) from southwestern China. ZooKeys 1291: 39-54, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1291.193001
5CD422D63A7C5FFAA5C883765AA2BBBF.text	5CD422D63A7C5FFAA5C883765AA2BBBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afissa Dieke 1947	<div><p>Genus Afissa Dieke, 1947</p><p>Afissa Dieke, 1947: 113 . Type species: Coccinella flavicollis Thunberg, 1781 (by original designation). Type locality: East Indies. Synonymized with Epilachna Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 by Li and Cook 1961: 51. Treated as a valid genus by Szawaryn et al. 2015: 565.</p><p>Afissula Kapur, 1955. Type species: Afissula rana (Kapur, 1955) (by original designation). Type locality: Nepal, Syabrabensi. Synonymized with Afissa Dieke, 1947 by Szawaryn et al. 2015: 565.</p><p>Diagnostic features.</p><p>Afissa was well defined in Tomaszewska and Szawaryn (2016). It can be distinguished from its related Asian genera by the following combination of characters: antenna longer than width of head (Fig. 1 l); coxites much longer than wide (Figs 1 u, 2 u, 3 u, 4 u); mandibular incisor edge without teeth (Figs 1 k, 2 k, 3 k, 4 k); lateral margins of elytra most often not or hardly visible from above (Figs 1 a, 2 a, 3 a, 4 a) (sometimes visible from above but narrow); metanepisternum with inner margin simple, smooth (Figs 1 b, 2 b, 3 b, 4 b); and mid and hind coxae on hind margin smooth (Figs 1 f, g, 2 f, g, 3 f, g, 4 f, g).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>South and South-east Asia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5CD422D63A7C5FFAA5C883765AA2BBBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Xinning;Zhu, Zihao;Wang, Xingmin	Zhang, Xinning, Zhu, Zihao, Wang, Xingmin (2026): On two new species of the genus Afissa Dieke, 1947 (Coccinellidae, Epilachnini) from southwestern China. ZooKeys 1291: 39-54, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1291.193001
D3E5E39B48AA547295D91A4A4B7347F8.text	D3E5E39B48AA547295D91A4A4B7347F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afissa gedeensis Dieke 1947	<div><p>Afissa cf. gedeensis Dieke, 1947</p><p>Figs 4, 5, 7</p><p>Afissa gedeensis Dieke, 1947: 129, figs 94, 94 A, 161. Type locality: Gede Mt., Java. Type depository: USNM (holotype). Tomaszewska and Szawaryn 2016: 52.</p><p>Epilachna gedeensis: Pang and Mao 1979: 141, fig. 140; Ren et al. 2009: 276; Pang et al. 2012: 10, fig. 8; Wang and Chen 2022: 468, fig. 4.</p><p>Material examined (15 exx.).</p><p>China: Yunnan: • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Xishuangbanna Botanical Garden, 22. VIII. 2005, Xingmin Wang et al. leg. ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Xishuangbanna, Ganlaba, 20. IV. 2002, Zhengqiang Peng leg. ; • 1 ♂, Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, 23. VIII. 2005, Xingmin Wang leg. ; • 1 ♂, Dali City, Nanjian, 28. IX. 2006, Xingmin Wang leg. ; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Xishuangbanna, Jinuo Mt., 14. X. 2006, Xingmin Wang leg. ; • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, 1160 m, 29. IV. 2008, Shunxiang Ren et al. leg. ; • 1 ♂, Pingbian City, Lianhuatan, 900 m, 22–24. IV. 2008, Xingmin Wang leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species highly resembles Afissa hingstoni Kapur, 1963, Afissa bengalica Dieke, 1947 and Epilachna gorkhana Miyatake, 1985 in male genitalia (Figs 4 r, s, 7). Afissa cf. gedeensis can be distinguished from them by elytral pattern (Fig. 4 a, c) and abdominal postcoxal lines (Fig. 4 o). The elytron in A. cf. gedeensis bears black spots arranged in 2–2 – 1 – 1 pattern, the second row of spots may be joined into single transverse fascia; A. cf. gedeensis has abdominal postcoxal lines nearly complete. In A. hingstoni and A. bengalica, elytral pattern is made by the enlargement and connection of individual spots (Miyatake, 1985). In E. gorkhana, the abdominal postcoxal lines are incomplete and distinctly shorter than those in A. cf. gedeensis .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Measurements. TL: 4.8–5.6 mm, TW: 3.2–4.1 mm, TH: 1.8–2.0 mm, TL / TW: 1.4–1.5, PL / PW: 1.9–2.3, EL / TW: 1.1.</p><p>Body outline oval in dorsal view (Fig. 4 a), body medium-sized, moderately convex (Fig. 4 c). Dorsum with dense, long and white setae. Elytron reddish with black maculae arranged in 2–2 – 1 – 1 pattern, the second row of spots may be joined into single transverse fascia. Scutellar shield reddish. Pronotum reddish, pronotal disk with oval black maculae in middle (Fig. 4 d). Head yellowish (Fig. 4 d). Ventral surface mostly yellowish except for metaventrite blackish (Fig. 4 b).</p><p>Mandible with apical teeth lamellar, incisor edge without teeth (Fig. 4 k). Tarsal claw without basal tooth, outer denticle slender and distally erect; inner denticle robust, blade-shaped (Fig. 4 j). Labium with terminal palpomere conical, nearly as long as penultimate one (Fig. 4 h). Maxilla with terminal palpomere securiform, apex truncate (Fig. 4 m). Abdomen with abdominal postcoxal lines nearly complete (Fig. 4 o).</p><p>Penis elongate and slender, distal part recurved (Fig. 4 p). Outer and inner arm weakly developed (Fig. 4 p). Penis apex digitiform (Fig. 4 q). Tegminal strut and tegmen elongate and slender (Fig. 4 r, s). Penis guide moderately curved in lateral view, distally acute (Fig. 4 r). Apex of penis guide bears elongate and acute protrusion in inner view (Fig. 4 s). Parameres slender, distally setose, shorter than penis guide (Fig. 4 r, s). Coxites (Fig. 4 u) elongate and triangular, styli absent.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan) (Fig. 7).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the original descriptions and illustrations (Dieke 1947: fig. 94), A. gedeensis bears a reddish pronotum without any maculae, which is consistent with the descriptions in Pang and Mao (1979), who recorded A. gedeensis from China for the first time. However, the specimens of A. gedeensis illustrated by Pang et al. (2012) bear a large, transverse, black macula on the pronotal disc. Specimens examined in this study consistently bear a black macula on the pronotal disc but are significantly smaller than those in Pang et al. (2012). Afissa gedeensis was originally described from Java Island, and the wide geographic separation raises questions about the presence of A. gedeensis in China. These problems indicate the need for a revision of this species complex in the future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3E5E39B48AA547295D91A4A4B7347F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Xinning;Zhu, Zihao;Wang, Xingmin	Zhang, Xinning, Zhu, Zihao, Wang, Xingmin (2026): On two new species of the genus Afissa Dieke, 1947 (Coccinellidae, Epilachnini) from southwestern China. ZooKeys 1291: 39-54, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1291.193001
1BC01651A9D753BDAE91A20F0DE17E23.text	1BC01651A9D753BDAE91A20F0DE17E23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afissa longa Zhang, Zhu & Wang 2026	<div><p>Afissa longa Zhang, Zhu &amp; Wang sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 7</p><p>Type material (7 exx.).</p><p>Holotype: China: Yunnan: • ♂, Baoshan City, Gaoligong Mt., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.2938" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8083/lat 25.2938)">Baihualing National Nature Reserve</a>, 25.2938°N, 98.8083°E, 1400 m, 14. VII. 2025, sweeping net, Zihao Zhu leg. Paratypes: China: Yunnan: • 1 ♂, Pingbian City, Lianhuatan, 900 m, 22–24. IV. 2008, Xingmin Wang leg. ; • 1 ♂, Ruili City, Nanjingli Village, 25. IX. 2006, Xingmin Wang leg. ; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Jinhong City, Jinuo Mt., 6. V. 2009, Xingmin Wang et al. leg. ; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Zhenkang City, Mengdui, 1400 m, 6. V. 2008, Xingmin Wang et al. leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This new species is similar to Afissa gedeensis in elytral pattern but can be distinguished from it by the male genitalia. In Afissa longa sp. nov., penis capsule has outer arm distinctly elongate and enlarged (Fig. 2 p); penis guide is robust and crescent-shaped in lateral view (Figs 2 r, 7); and apex of penis guide is acute but comparatively short in inner view (Figs 2 s, 7). In A. gedeensis, penis capsule has outer arm distinctly shorter; penis guide is comparatively slender in lateral view; apex of penis guide is acute and elongate in inner view (Dieke 1947, fig. 161; Pang et al. 2012, fig. 8 e, f, g).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Measurements. TL: 4–4.8 mm, TW: 3.1–4.0 mm, TH: 1.9–2.1 mm, TL / TW: 1.2–1.3, PL / PW: 1.9–2.0, EL / TW: 1.0–1.1.</p><p>Body outline oval in dorsal view (Fig. 2 a), body medium-sized, moderately convex (Fig. 2 c). Dorsum with dense, long and white setae. Elytron mostly reddish with black maculae arranged in 2–2 – 1 – 1 pattern. Scutellar shield reddish. Pronotum reddish, pronotal disk with oval black maculae in middle (Fig. 2 d). Head yellowish. Ventral surface mostly yellowish except for metaventrite blackish (Fig. 2 b).</p><p>Head ventrally flattened, with moderately densely punctures. Eyes small and oval, coarsely faceted, eye canthus very small. Frons very wide. Clypeus emarginate in middle (Fig. 2 l). Antenna composed of 11 antennomeres with 3 - antennomere club, terminal antennomere with truncate apex, third antennomere elongate and distinctly divergent from its base to apex (Fig. 2 n). Labrum transverse, with sparse and medium-sized punctures, densely setose (Fig. 2 i). Mandible with three apical teeth, incisor edge smooth with dense setae, molar part without basal tooth (Fig. 2 k). Maxilla with terminal palpomere securiform (Fig. 2 m). Labium with terminal palpomere elongate and conical, nearly equal in length and width to penultimate one (Fig. 2 h).</p><p>Pronotum widest at base, with punctures smaller than those on head, pronotal anterior angles angulate. Pronotal lateral margins narrow and transparent, slightly upturned (Fig. 2 d). Prosternal hypomeron bears fine punctures. Prosternal process rectangular, apex slightly arcuate, with carinae inconspicuous and incomplete (Fig. 2 b).</p><p>Elytron slightly explanate, elytral margins very narrow (Fig. 2 a). Elytron with punctures varying in size, punctures mostly fine except for row of large punctures distributed from elytral anterior margin to distal part of elytron along suture. Scutellar shield elongate triangular (Fig. 2 a). Epipleuron flattened and narrow with dense, long and white setae (Fig. 2 b). Meso- and metaventrite with dense and medium-sized punctures, mesoventral anterior margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 2 t). Anterior margin of metaventral intercoxal process straight; metaventral postcoxal lines complete, metaventral median discrimen long and nearly complete, almost reaching anterior margin of metaventral intercoxal process (Fig. 2 t).</p><p>Legs (Fig. 2 e – g) long and slender, tarsi 4 - segmented. Tibial upper apical margin with pair of carinae, tibiae with apical spurs. Tarsal claw with two denticles, inner denticle more robust but shorter than outer one.</p><p>Abdomen with six ventrites (Fig. 2 o). Abdominal postcoxal lines arcuate, nearly complete. Ventrite 1 with medium-sized and dense punctures, anterior margin of abdominal process nearly straight.</p><p>Penis elongate and slender, moderately curved (Fig. 2 p). Penis capsule (Fig. 2 p) with outer arm distinctly elongate and enlarged, inner arm short and small. Penis apex digitiform (Fig. 2 q). Tegminal strut long and slender (Fig. 2 r, s). Penis guide gradually tapering to apex in inner view, apex acute and slightly projected (Fig. 2 s). Penis guide robust and crescent-shaped in lateral view, with outer margin arcuate while inner margin nearly straight, apex incurved and acute (Fig. 2 r). Parameres slender and stick-shaped in lateral view, curved at base, shorter than penis guide (Fig. 2 r).</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 2 u) with spermatheca and infundibulum absent, coxites elongate and triangular, much longer than wide, distally setose with styli absent.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan) (Fig. 7).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet longa refers to the elongate outer arm of the penis capsule; gender feminine.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The shape of the penis guide in lateral view is consistent across different locations in this species (Fig. 7). However, specimens from Lincang and Ruili bear an asymmetric apex of the penis guide in inner view, whereas specimens from Pingbian and Baoshan are symmetric. The comparatively short apical projection of the penis guide in inner view is consistent among specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1BC01651A9D753BDAE91A20F0DE17E23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Xinning;Zhu, Zihao;Wang, Xingmin	Zhang, Xinning, Zhu, Zihao, Wang, Xingmin (2026): On two new species of the genus Afissa Dieke, 1947 (Coccinellidae, Epilachnini) from southwestern China. ZooKeys 1291: 39-54, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1291.193001
1D2676A0D03958C9B37B510F0772C2E4.text	1D2676A0D03958C9B37B510F0772C2E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afissa parabicrescens Zhang, Zhu & Wang 2026	<div><p>Afissa parabicrescens Zhang, Zhu &amp; Wang sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 6</p><p>Type material (46 exx.).</p><p>Holotype: China: Yunnan: • ♂, Baoshan City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.7703&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.8549" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.7703/lat 24.8549)">Tengchong City</a>, Wuhe County, 24.8549°N, 98.7703°E, 2155 m, 18–19. VII. 2025, sweeping net, Zhu Z. H. &amp; Zhang X. N. leg. Paratypes: China: Yunnan: • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Ximeng, Longtan, 900 m, 9–10. V. 2008, Xingmin Wang et al. leg. ; • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Xishuangbanna, Jinuo Mt., 28. IV. 2008, Xingmin Wang et al. leg. ; • 1 ♂, Jingdong City, Ailao Mt., 1–3. X. 2006, Xingmin Wang leg. ; • 1 ♂, Puer City, Dadugang, 950 m, 26. IV. 2008, Xingmin Wang et al. leg. ; • 7 ♂♂, Zhenyuan, Anban, 4. X. 2006, Xingmin Wang leg. ; • 2 ♂♂, Yingjiang, Nabang, Tongbiguan, 1000 m, 22–23. V. 2008, Xingmin Wang et al. leg. ; • 1 ♂, Zhenkang, Mengdui, 18–19. V. 2008, 1400 m, Xingmin Wang et al. leg. ; • 11 ♂♂, 8 ♀, Puer City, Caiyanghe, 4. V. 2008, Xingmin Wang et al. leg. ; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Xishuangbanna, Menga, 12. V. 2009, Shunxiang Ren et al. leg. ; • 1 ♂, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, 1160 m, 29. IV. 2008, Xingmin Wang et al. leg. ; • 1 ♂, Xishuangbanna, Menghun, 4. V. 2008, Xingmin Wang et al. leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This new species closely resembles Afissa bicrescens Dieke, 1947, but can be easily distinguished from it by elytral pattern, elytral punctation and tegmen. In A. parabicrescens sp. nov., elytron is mostly reddish, covered with black maculae arranged in 2–2 – 1 pattern; head reddish without macula; elytron with longitudinal row of large punctures along elytral suture (Fig. 1 a); penis guide stout in lateral view, slightly longer than parameres (Figs 1 r, 6). In A. bicrescens, elytron is mostly blackish with elytral maculae variable (Pang et al. 2012: fig. 3 a – f); elytron without longitudinal row of large punctures along elytral suture (Fig. 3 a); head with transverse black macula in middle (Fig. 3 d); penis guide comparatively slender in lateral view, parameres about 2 / 3 length of penis guide (Figs 3 r, 6).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Measurements. TL: 4.0– 4.7 mm, TW: 3.0– 3.6 mm, TH: 1.6–1.9 mm, TL / TW: 1.3, PL / PW: 2.1–2.4, EL / TW: 1.1.</p><p>Body outline oval in dorsal view (Fig. 1 a), body medium-sized, moderately convex. Dorsum covered with dense, long and white setae. Elytron mostly reddish with black maculae arranged in 2–2 – 1 pattern, scutellar shield reddish. Pronotal disk with large, transverse and black macula; pronotal anterior and lateral margins yellowish-white, posterior margin reddish. Head yellowish. Ventral surface mostly yellowish except for meso- and metaventrite blackish (Fig. 1 b).</p><p>Head ventrally flattened, with punctures dense and distinct (Fig. 1 d). Eyes small and oval, coarsely faceted, eye canthus very small. Frons very wide. Clypeus emarginate in middle (Fig. 1 l). Antenna composed of 11 antennomeres with 3 - antennomere club, terminal antennomere with truncate apex, third antennomere elongate with subparallel margins (Fig. 1 n). Labrum transverse, bearing sparse, small punctures and dense setae, posterior margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 1 i). Mandible with two apical teeth, incisor edge smooth with dense setae, molar part without basal tooth (Fig. 1 k). Maxilla with terminal palpomere securiform, lateral margins slightly explanate (Fig. 1 m). Labium with terminal palpomere elongate and conical, nearly equal in length and width to penultimate one (Fig. 1 h).</p><p>Pronotum widest at base, with punctures smaller than those on head. Pronotal lateral margins narrow and transparent, slightly upturned; hypomeron finely punctate. Prosternal process rectangular, apex slightly arcuate, with carinae inconspicuous and incomplete (Fig. 1 b).</p><p>Elytron slightly explanate, elytral margins very narrow. Elytron with punctures varying in size, punctures mostly fine except for row of large punctures along elytral suture. Scutellar shield elongate and triangular (Fig. 1 a). Epipleuron narrow with dense, long and white setae, ventrally flattened (Fig. 1 b). Mesoventrite densely and moderately punctate, mesoventral anterior margin slightly emarginate. Metanepisternum with inner edge smooth. Anterior margin of metaventral intercoxal process straight; metaventral postcoxal lines complete, discrimen long but incomplete, almost reaching anterior margin of metaventral intercoxal process (Fig. 1 t).</p><p>Legs long and slender, tarsi 4 - segmented. Tibial apical half margin with pair of carinae, tibiae with apical spurs (Fig. 1 e, f). Tarsal claw with two denticles, without basal tooth, inner denticle more robust but slightly shorter than outer one (Fig. 1 j).</p><p>Abdomen with six ventrites. Abdominal postcoxal lines arcuate and incomplete. Ventrite 1 densely punctate, 2.0–3.0 diameters apart, anterior margin of abdominal intercoxal process nearly straight (Fig. 1 o).</p><p>Penis simple, slightly curved. Penis capsule absent (Fig. 1 p). Penis apex digitiform, without membranous region (Fig. 1 q). Tegminal strut short, triangular at apex (Fig. 1 s). Penis guide gradually tapering to apex in inner view, apex acute and bifurcated with deep cut. Penis guide in lateral view stout, upper margin nearly straight while lower margin arcuate (Figs 1 r, 6. Parameres stick-shaped in lateral view, slightly curved, slightly shorter than penis guide, distal part of parameres with dense and very long setae.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 1 u) with spermatheca and infundibulum absent, coxites elongate and triangular, much longer than wide, distally setose with styli absent.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan) (Fig. 6).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet parabicrescens refers to the similarity between this species and A. bicrescens in genital structure.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D2676A0D03958C9B37B510F0772C2E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, Xinning;Zhu, Zihao;Wang, Xingmin	Zhang, Xinning, Zhu, Zihao, Wang, Xingmin (2026): On two new species of the genus Afissa Dieke, 1947 (Coccinellidae, Epilachnini) from southwestern China. ZooKeys 1291: 39-54, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1291.193001
