identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4AF2797C5ED45B8689B23066B3088AD2.text	4AF2797C5ED45B8689B23066B3088AD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alexeter flavomaculatus Chen, Huang & Shiao 2025	<div><p>Alexeter flavomaculatus Chen, Huang &amp; Shiao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4 A – H, 10 B, 11 D – F, 12 A – C; Suppl. material 3 Chinese vernacular name: 黃紋亞力姬蜂</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Taiwan • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Meifeng; alt. 2150 m; May. 1984; Malaise Trap; K. S. Lin &amp; K. C. Chou leg.; TARI (MesoleiYM-F 01) . Paratypes. Taiwan • 1 ♂; ibid; 7–9. May. 1984; TARI MesoleiYM-M 01 • 1 ♂; ibid; Apr. 1984; TARI (MesoleiYM-M 02) • 1 ♂; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Sanjiaofeng trail; alt. 2200–2300 m; 11. May. 2024; Sweeping; J. Y. Fan leg.; GenBank: PV 223412 (COI); NMNS ENT 8951-8 (Mesolei 15) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species can be distinguished from congeners by the combination of the following characters: smaller ocelli (OD = 0.15–0.19 mm; OOL / OD = 1.2–1.6); fore wing areolet trapezoid with stalk, receiving 2 m-cu at distal corner (Fig. 10 B); fore wing 1 cu-a almost vertical, opposite or slightly distad to M &amp; RS (Fig. 10 B); lateromedian longitudinal carinae of propodeum present posteriorly with the area petiolaris opened (Fig. 3 E); T 1 2.7–3.5 × its posterior width; S 9 with subtriangular median area weakly sclerotized (Fig. 11 D); mesosoma and metasoma generally black, with latero-anterior corners of mesoscutum, ventral subtriangular marking of mesopleuron (enclosing black area), and median markings on tergites behind T 2 yellow (Figs 4 A, D – F, 12 A – C).</p><p>This new species is similar to the Asian species A. flaviventris Li &amp; Sun, 2022, A. albimaculatus Sheng, Sun &amp; Li, 2020, and A. zangicus Sheng, Sun &amp; Li, 2020 which share black bodies and pale markings on the latero-anterior corners of mesoscutum.</p><p>It can be distinguished from A. flaviventris by the following characters: lateromedian longitudinal carinae of propodeum absent on the anterior and median portions (Fig. 4 E) (present and combined as single carina medially in A. flaviventris); metasomal tergites and ventral portion of mesopleuron with yellow markings (Figs 4 A, F, 12 B) (without in A. flaviventris).</p><p>It can also be distinguished from A. albimaculatus by the following characters: face and mandibles yellow (Figs 4 C, 12 A) (face white and mandibles entirely black in A. albimaculatus); fore and mid legs each with yellow coxae and reddish-brown other part (Fig. 4 A) (generally black with white tibiae in A. albimaculatus); latero-anterior corners of mesoscutum, ventral portion of mesopleuron, and metasomal tergites with yellow markings (Figs 4 A, D, F, 12 B, C) (marking on mesoscutal corners white, other markings absent in A. albimaculatus); antenna without white band (Fig. 4 A) (with white band in A. albimaculatus); and lateromedian longitudinal carinae of propodeum absent on the anterior and median portions (Fig. 4 E) (present in A. albimaculatus).</p><p>Lastly, it can be distinguished from A. zangicus by the following characters: areolet present (Fig. 10 B) (absent in A. zangicus); face and clypeus yellow (Figs 4 C, 12 A) (face black and clypeus yellow in A. zangicus); truncate ventral margin of clypeus (Figs 4 C, 12 A) (concave in A. zangicus); metasomal tergites black with yellow markings (Fig. 4 F) (generally reddish-brown in A. zangicus).</p><p>Description.</p><p>The measurements were based on Taiwanese specimens (1 female and 3 males).</p><p>Female (holotype). Head (Figs 4 A – C, 12 A): matt and granulate, HW / HL = 1.8; ocelli normal, with OD = 0.2 mm, POL / OD = 0.8, OOL / OD = 1.4, POL / OOL = 0.6; face matt and granulate, FW / FH = 1.6; clypeus polished and smooth with sparse punctures and subventral median elevation, rounded on ventral margin, CLW / CLH = 2.6; MSL / BMW = 0.5; mandible minutely coriaceous with minute punctures, teeth equal in length; flagellum with 45 segments; average ratio of basal five flagellomeres length 2.5: 1.4: 1.1: 1.2: 1.0.</p><p>Mesosoma (Figs 4 A, D, E, 12 B, C): matt and granulate; pronotum with epomia weak, rugose at dorso-anterior corner; mesoscutum with MSSL / MSSW = 1.2, notauli short and indistinct, present near anterior margin; scutellum with SCL / SCW = 1.3, lateral carina absent; epicnemial carina weak, ~ 0.7 × height of mesopleuron; metapleuron with pleural carina and submetapleural carina strong and complete; juxtacoxal carina present posteriorly; propodeum with spiracle circular, maximum axis 1.0 × as minimum axis; anterior and posterior transverse carinae and lateral longitudinal carina absent; lateromedian longitudinal carina absent on anterior and median portions, present on posterior ~ 0.3 with area petiolaris opened anteriorly; average ratio of hind tarsomere length 4.0: 2.0: 1.5: 1.0: 1.0.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 10 B): fore wing length 8.3 mm; areolet open and trapezoid with stalk 0.5 as long as 2 rs-m, receiving 2 m-cu at distal corner; RMI = 0.7; 1 cu-a almost vertical, opposite or slightly distad to M &amp; RS, with BNI = 0.2. Hind wing length 6.0 mm; NI = 2.2; distal hamuli 6–7.</p><p>Metasoma (Fig. 4 F – H): matt and granulate, except tergites behind T 2 weakly coriaceous; T 1 3.5 × as long as posterior width, 6.6 × as long as anterior width, 2.3 × as long as length of T 2; T 1 with latero-median carina absent, dorso-lateral carina and ventro-lateral carina strong and complete, spiracle at around middle of T 1, glymma distinct; T 2 0.8 × as long as posterior width, 1.3 × as long as anterior width, gastrocoeli shallow and indistinct, thyridia almost circular; ovipositor sheath 6.0 × as long as its maximum width in lateral view, as long as apical depth of metasoma.</p><p>Color (Figs 4, 10 B): head, mesosoma, and metasoma generally black, and legs generally reddish-brown, except face, dorsal 1 / 2 of clypeus, malar space, mandibles, palpi, dorso-posterior corner of pronotum, latero-anterior corners of mesoscutum, dorso-anterior corner and ventral subtriangular marking (except enclosing area) of mesopleuron, tegula, scutellum, postscutellum, fore and mid coxae and trochanters, dorsal surface of hind coxa, hind second trochanter, median markings on tergites behind T 2 yellow; antenna, marking on ventral 1 / 2 of clypeus, tinged color of tergites behind T 2, ovipositor sheath reddish-brown; ventral side of hind coxa, hind trochanter, and hind femur black. Wings hyaline, veins blackish-brown, and pterostigma reddish-brown.</p><p>Male. General structure and color similar to female, except notauli long and distinct, lateromedian longitudinal carinae of propodeum vestigial on median portion, and clypeus completely yellow, subtriangular marking with enclosing black area on ventral mesopleuron more distinct (Fig. 11 A – C). Male genitalia with gonostyle tapered and rounded apically, S 9 weakly concave on posterior margin, with subtriangular median area weakly sclerotized (Fig. 11 D – F).</p><p>HW / HL = 1.8–1.9 (1.8 ± 0.06); OD = 0.15–0.19 (0.17 ± 0.02) mm, POL / OD = 0.5–0.9 (0.7 ± 0.2), OOL / OD = 1.2–1.6 (1.4 ± 0.18), POL / OOL = 0.4–0.6 (0.5 ± 0.09); FW / FH = 1.4–1.8 (1.6 ± 0.17), CLW / CLH = 3.0–4.0 (3.6 ± 0.54), MSL / BMW = 0.52–0.54 (0.52 ± 0.01); flagellum with 43–45 segments; average ratio of basal five flagellomeres length 2.3: 1.3: 1.2: 1.1: 1.0; MSSL / MSSW = 1.2–1.3 (1.3 ± 0.04); SCL / SCW = 1.1–1.2 (1.1 ± 0.07); maximum axis of propodeal spiracles 1.0–1.2 (1.1 ± 0.1) × as minimum axis; average ratio of hind tarsomere length 4.1: 2.2: 1.8: 1.0: 1.2; fore wing length 7.2–7.8 (7.5 ± 0.29) mm; areolet with stalk 0.4–0.6 (0.5 ± 0.1) × as long as 2 rs-m; RMI = 0.7–0.8 (0.8 ± 0.04); BNI = 0.1–0.2 (0.2 ± 0.03); hind wing length 5.2–5.6 (5.4 ± 0.23) mm; NI = 2.0–2.7 (2.4 ± 0.36); distal hamuli 6–7; T 1 2.7–3.1 (2.9 ± 0.16) × as long as posterior width, 6.1–6.6 (6.3 ± 0.29) × as long as anterior width, 1.3–1.6 (1.5 ± 0.11) × as long as length of T 2; T 2 1.2–1.4 (1.2 ± 0.1) × as long as posterior width, 1.6–1.9 (1.7 ± 0.13) × as long as anterior width.</p><p>Bionomics.</p><p>This species has been collected from mountainous areas in Taiwan above 2000 m by Malaise trap or sweeping. Hosts are unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Taiwan (Nantou).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name flavomaculatus is derived from the Latin words flavo - (yellow) and maculatus (stained or spotted), referring to the yellow markings in the body color pattern of this new species. The name is an adjective.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This new species is assigned to the genus Alexeter based on both morphological characters and molecular phylogeny. It is nested within Alexeter Clade I in the current COI - based phylogeny (Fig. 2). Although the notauli are occasionally indistinct in some individuals (whereas they are typically distinct in Alexeter), other characters align with the generic definition of Alexeter .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4AF2797C5ED45B8689B23066B3088AD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Hsuan-Pu;Huang, Chia-Lung;Shiao, Shiuh-Feng	Chen, Hsuan-Pu, Huang, Chia-Lung, Shiao, Shiuh-Feng (2025): A taxonomic revision of the genus Alexeter Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae, Mesoleiini) from Taiwan, with descriptions of six new species. ZooKeys 1250: 315-358, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.156835
DC23034A8D1952D2BEED552AEFA0D9C5.text	DC23034A8D1952D2BEED552AEFA0D9C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alexeter Forster 1869	<div><p>Genus Alexeter Förster, 1869</p><p>Alexeter Förster, 1869: 212. Type species: Mesoleptus ruficornis Gravenhorst, 1829 . Designated by Viereck 1914: 7.</p><p>Adranes Förster, 1869: 205. Type species: Tryphon multicolor Gravenhorst, 1829 . Designation by Townes et al. 1965: 255. Synonymized by Townes et al. 1965: 255. Preoccupied by Adranes Leconte, 1850 .</p><p>Zemiophron Förster, 1869: 206. Type species: Mesoleius laevissimus Strobl, 1903 . Designation by Perkins 1962: 464. Synonymized by Perkins 1962: 464.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>According to Townes (1970), Gauld (1997), and Wharton (2015), this genus can be distinguished from other genera of Mesoleiini by the combination of the following characters: sculpture of head and mesosoma generally matt, granulate or minutely coriaceous; mandibular teeth usually equal in length (lower tooth longer in few Holarctic species and all known Neotropical species); notaulus usually distinct at least near anterior margin of mesoscutum; fore wing areolet usually present; fore wing 1 cu-a usually opposite to M &amp; RS; T 1 long and slender, usually longer than 2.5 × its posterior width; T 1 with latero-median carinae absent, dorsal lateral carina distinct, and glymma always distinct; lateromedian longitudinal carinae of propodeum distinct posteriorly and forming an area petiolaris with median part of posterior transverse carinae.</p><p>This genus is similar to Barytarbes, as some Alexeter species share the absence of anterior and median portions of the lateromedian longitudinal carinae on the propodeum and have mandibles with the lower tooth longer than the upper. However, Barytarbes typically features a shorter and broader T 1 and a propodeum with weaker lateromedian longitudinal carinae in the posterior part. Additionally, some Barytarbes species lack a glymma on the T 1, distinguishing them from Alexeter .</p><p>Townes (1970) also mentioned that some Alexeter species are challenging to separate from genera such as Campodorus, Lagarotis, and Alcochera . Generally, Alexeter can be separated from Campodorus by having a clypeus with sharp, truncate or rounded ventral margin, flat in lateral view or with subventral transverse ridge or median elevation (clypeus strongly bulging medially and subapically with bilobed ventral margin in Campodorus), and areolet usually present (always absent in Campodorus). It can also be separated from Lagarotis in having mesopleuron granulate or minutely coriaceous (heavily sculptured, e. g., minutely rugose, in Lagarotis). Lastly, it can be separated from Alcochera by the mandible with teeth usually equal in length (lower tooth always longer than upper tooth in Alcochera), and notaulus distinct at least near anterior margin (weak in Alcochera).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>In this study, we employed two criteria to determine the generic placement of the Taiwanese mesoleiines: morphological characters closely aligned with the generic definition proposed by Townes (1970) and the notes on Wharton’s website (summarized in the Diagnosis above); and when applicable, specimens with COI sequences similar to those identified as Alexeter in online databases such as BOLD Systems and GenBank.</p><p>The characters distinguishing this genus from morphologically similar genera – such as the length of the mandibular teeth, the length and strength of the notauli on the mesoscutum, the presence of a fore wing areolet, the propodeal carinae, and the length of metasomal T 1 – exhibit considerable variation. Therefore, the generic boundary of Alexeter and other mesoleiine genera is ambiguous, challenging the generic position of some species (Townes 1970; Wharton 2015). The vague generic boundaries may indicate that the currently defined Alexeter is non-monophyletic, which is preliminarily supported by the COI - based phylogeny reconstructed in this study (Fig. 2). It suggests the necessity of a more comprehensive taxonomic revision of Alexeter and similar genera.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC23034A8D1952D2BEED552AEFA0D9C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Hsuan-Pu;Huang, Chia-Lung;Shiao, Shiuh-Feng	Chen, Hsuan-Pu, Huang, Chia-Lung, Shiao, Shiuh-Feng (2025): A taxonomic revision of the genus Alexeter Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae, Mesoleiini) from Taiwan, with descriptions of six new species. ZooKeys 1250: 315-358, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.156835
FD6321A67A0C581BB8A6402A1ABEE64D.text	FD6321A67A0C581BB8A6402A1ABEE64D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alexeter hsiaoae Chen, Huang & Shiao 2025	<div><p>Alexeter hsiaoae Chen, Huang &amp; Shiao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5 A – H, 10 C, 11 G – I; Suppl. material 3 Chinese vernacular name: 郁薇亞力姬蜂</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Taiwan • 1 ♀; Taichung City, Heping District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.44337&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.369516" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.44337/lat 24.369516)">Mt. Nanhu U-shape valley</a>, 24.369516 ° N, 121.443366 ° E (DD); alt. 3450 m; 16. Jul. 2021; Light Trap; C. - L. Huang &amp; Y. - W. Hsiao leg.; GenBank: PV 223403 (COI); NMNS ENT 8951-1 (Mesolei 01) . Paratypes. Taiwan • 1 ♀ 4 ♂♂; same as holotype; GenBank: PV 223405, PV 223406 (COI); NMNS ENT 8951-2 – 3 (Mesolei 02–03), TARI (Mesolei 12–13), KPMNH (Mesolei 14) • 1 ♂; Taichung City, Heping District, Eastern Peak of Mt. Syueshan – 369 Cabin; alt. 3000–3200 m; 26–27. Aug. 2021; Sweeping; C. - T. Hsu leg.; GenBank: PV 223404 (COI); NMNS ENT 8951-4 (Mesolei 06) • 1 ♀ 2 ♂♂; Hualien County, Wanrung Township, Mt. Antungchunshan, No. C 2; 4. Aug. 1993; S. S. Lu leg.; TFRI 00073669 –00073671 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species can be distinguished from congeners by the combination of the following characters: fore wing length usually shorter than 10.0 mm (7.8–10.4 mm); ocelli large (OD = 0.18–0.25 mm; OOL / OD = 0.6–0.9); POL / OOL = 0.8–1.1; female with flagellum segments 46; fore wing areolet trapezoid with stalk, receiving 2 m-cu at distal corner (Fig. 10 C); fore wing 1 cu-a almost vertical, opposite or slightly distad to M &amp; RS (Fig. 10 C); lateromedian longitudinal carinae of propodeum present posteriorly with the area petiolaris opened (Fig. 5 E); T 1 3.1–4.3 × its posterior width; head generally yellowish-white with frons and vertex brown to blackish-brown (Fig. 5 A, B); mesosoma, legs, and metasoma generally yellowish-brown, with mesoscutum having three distinct blackish-brown longitudinal stripes on the lobes (Fig. 5 A, D).</p><p>This new species is most similar to A. clavator (Müller, 1776), A. monticola sp. nov., and A. mediolobus sp. nov. which share generally yellowish color in head, mesosoma, and metasoma, but can be distinguished from them by the POL / OOL ratio (0.8–1.1 vs 1.3 in Chinese A. clavator (Li and Sun 2022) and 1.1–1.5 in A. mediolobus sp. nov.), female OOL / OD ratio (0.7–0.9 vs 0.5–0.7 in A. mediolobus sp. nov. and A. monticola sp. nov.), length-to-posterior-width ratio of T 1 (3.1–4.3 vs 2.5–3.1 in A. mediolobus sp. nov.), female flagellomere counts (46 vs 40–43 in A. mediolobus sp. nov.), color patterns of mesoscutum (three stripes on each lobe vs absent in A. clavator and one on the median lobe in A. mediolobus sp. nov.), gena (yellowish-white vs yellowish-brown to brown in other species), vertex (brown vs yellowish-brown or orange in A. monticola sp. nov.), and fore and mid coxae (yellowish-white vs yellowish-brown in A. monticola sp. nov.).</p><p>For other yellowish- or reddish-brown species A. nebulator (Thunberg, 1822), A. gracilentus (Holmgren, 1857), and A. luteifrons (Cresson, 1868), this new species can be easily distinguished from them by having a yellowish-white head (black in these species) and three blackish-brown stripes on the lobes of mesoscutum (stripes absent in these species). A comparative table of the measurements, ratios, and colors of this new species and other yellowish- or reddish-brown Alexeter species are provided in Suppl. material 3.</p><p>Additionally, this new species may also be confused with two species of the genus Barytarbes, B. fulvus Sheng &amp; Schönitzer, 2008 and B. nigrimaculatus Sheng &amp; Sun, 2017, which share a generally yellowish-brown body color and the absence of lateromedian longitudinal carinae on the anterior and median portions of propodeum. However, this new species can be distinguished from both Barytarbes species by having mandibular teeth equal in length (Fig. 5 C) (lower tooth longer in both species), T 1 with distinct glymma (Fig. 5 G) (glymma absent in B. fulvus and indistinct in B. nigrimaculatus), T 1 3.1–4.3 × its posterior width (~ 1.9 × in B. nigrimaculatus, 4.0 × in B. fulvus), mesoscutum with three distinct blackish-brown longitudinal stripes (Fig. 5 D) (without stripes on mesoscutum in B. fulvus), and metasomal tergites without black markings (Fig. 5 A) (with black markings in B. nigrimaculatus).</p><p>Description.</p><p>The measurements were based on Taiwanese specimens (3 females and 7 males).</p><p>Female. Head (Fig. 5 A – C): matt and minutely coriaceous, HW / HL = 1.6–1.9 (1.9, 1.8 ± 0.15); ocelli large, with OD = 0.20–0.25 (0.21, 0.22 ± 0.03) mm, POL / OD = 0.5–0.9 (0.9, 0.7 ± 0.19), OOL / OD = 0.7–0.9 (0.8, 0.8 ± 0.11), POL / OOL = 0.8–1.1 (1.1, 0.9 ± 0.18); face matt and minutely coriaceous, FW / FH = 1.37–1.44 (1.4, 1.41 ± 0.05); clypeus flat, polished and smooth with sparce punctures, truncate on ventral margin, CLW / CLH = 2.9–3.3 (3.3, 3.1 ± 0.28); MSL / BMW = 0.3–0.7 (0.3, 0.5 ± 0.21); mandible smooth with sparce punctures, teeth equal in length; flagellum with 46 (46) segments; average ratio of basal five flagellomeres length 2.5: 1.3: 1.1: 1.1: 1.0.</p><p>Mesosoma (Fig. 5 A, D, E): matt and minutely coriaceous; pronotum with epomia weak; mesoscutum with MSSL / MSSW = 1.1–1.2 (1.1, 1.1 ± 0.07), notauli short and distinct near anterior margin; scutellum with SCL / SCW = 1.2–1.3 (1.2, 1.3 ± 0.01), lateral carina present anteriorly; epicnemial carina strong, ~ 0.6 × height of mesopleuron; metapleuron with pleural carina and submetapleural carina complete; juxtacoxal carina absent; propodeum with spiracle circular, maximum axis 1.0–1.1 (1.0, 1.04 ± 0.06) × as minimum axis; anterior transverse carinae absent; posterior transverse carina absent but vestigial medially; lateromedian longitudinal carinae absent on anterior and median portions, present on posterior ~ 0.3–0.4 with area petiolaris opened anteriorly; lateral longitudinal carinae vestigial posteriorly; average ratio of hind tarsomere length 4.1: 2.2: 1.7: 1.0: 1.2.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 10 C): fore wing length 8.7–10.4 (8.94, 9.4 ± 0.91) mm; areolet open and trapezoid with stalk 0.4–0.5 (0.4, 0.4 ± 0.05) as long as 2 rs-m, receiving 2 m-cu at distal corner; RMI = 0.5–0.8 (0.8, 0.7 ± 0.12); 1 cu-a almost vertical, opposite or slightly distad to M &amp; RS, with BNI = 0.1–0.2 (0.2, 0.2 ± 0.02). Hind wing length 6.8–7.9 (6.77, 7.2 ± 0.62) mm; NI = 1.7–3 (1.7, 2.2 ± 0.71); distal hamuli 5–6 (6 in left and 5 in right wing).</p><p>Metasoma (Fig. 5 F – H): matt and minutely coriaceous; T 1 3.1–3.8 (3.1, 3.3 ± 0.43) × as long as posterior width, 6.2–8.2 (6.2, 7.0 ± 1.07) × as long as anterior width, 1.3–1.5 (1.3, 1.4 ± 0.09) × as long as length of T 2; T 1 with latero-median carina absent, dorso-lateral carina present basally, ventro-lateral carina complete, spiracle at around middle of T 1, glymma distinct; T 2 1.1–1.4 (1.2, 1.2 ± 0.13) × as long as posterior width, 1.9–2.3 (2.1, 2.1 ± 0.2) × as long as anterior width, gastrocoeli indistinct, thyridia deep and semi-circular; ovipositor sheath 3.3–5.6 (3.3, 4.6 ± 1.21) × as long as its maximum width in lateral view, shorter than apical depth of metasoma.</p><p>Color (Figs 5, 10 C): head yellowish-white, except antenna yellowish-brown; vertex brown; frons and areas between lateral ocelli and eyes blackish-brown. Mesosoma, legs, and metasoma generally yellowish-brown, except pronotum, ventral and anterior area of mesopleuron, mesoscutum, scutellum, fore and mid coxae, and trochanters yellowish-white, three longitudinal stripes on lobes of mesoscutum and T 1 dark brown to blackish-brown. Wings hyaline, veins blackish-brown, and pterostigma pale yellowish-brown.</p><p>Male. General structure and color similar to female. Male genitalia with gonostyle tapered and rounded apically, S 9 weakly concave on posterior margin, completely sclerotized (Fig. 11 G – I).</p><p>HW / HL = 1.7–1.9 (1.8 ± 0.08); OD = 0.18–0.23 (0.21 ± 0.02) mm, POL / OD = 0.6–0.9 (0.7 ± 0.12), OOL / OD = 0.6–0.8 (0.7 ± 0.09), POL / OOL = 0.9–1.1 (1 ± 0.08); FW / FH = 1.3–1.7 (1.4 ± 0.13), CLW / CLH = 3.0–3.6 (3.3 ± 0.29), MSL / BMW = 0.3–0.4 (0.3 ± 0.05); flagellum with 42–47 segments; average ratio of basal five flagellomeres length 2.3: 1.3: 1.1: 1.1: 1.0; MSSL / MSSW = 1.1–1.3 (1.2 ± 0.09); SCL / SCW = 1.0–1.4 (1.2 ± 0.12); maximum axis of propodeal spiracles 1.0–1.2 (1.1 ± 0.09) × as minimum axis; average ratio of hind tarsomere length 3.8: 2.0: 1.6: 1.0: 1.1; fore wing length 7.8–9.7 (8.9 ± 0.63) mm; areolet with stalk 0.3–0.5 (0.4 ± 0.06) × as long as 2 rs-m; RMI = 0.6–0.8 (0.7 ± 0.09); BNI = 0.1–0.2 (0.2 ± 0.03); hind wing length 5.7–7.0 (6.4 ± 0.47) mm; NI = 1.8–3.0 (2.5 ± 0.43); distal hamuli 4–7; T 1 3.5–4.3 (3.9 ± 0.29) × as long as posterior width, 7.0–10.4 (8.2 ± 1.18) × as long as anterior width, 1.3–1.5 (1.4 ± 0.06) × as long as length of T 2; T 2 1.2–1.6 (1.4 ± 0.16) × as long as posterior width, 1.6–2.6 (2.2 ± 0.32) × as long as anterior width.</p><p>Bionomics.</p><p>This species has been collected from high-elevation mountains in Taiwan above 3000 m by light trap or sweeping. Hosts are unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Taiwan (Hualien andTaichung).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The eponym of the specific name hsiaoae is the Chinese family name ‘ Hsiao’ combined with the feminine suffix ‘ - ae ’. It is dedicated to memory the deceased collector of the type series, Ms. Yu-Wei Hsiao. The name is a noun in the genitive case.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Large variation in the MSL / BMW ratio is observed in this species, ranges from 0.3 to 0.7. Despite variation in structures, the color patterns of the gena, coxae, and mesoscutum are consistent and can serve as crucial diagnostic characters. Alexeter hsiaoae sp. nov. is nested within Alexeter Clade I in the current COI - based phylogeny (Fig. 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD6321A67A0C581BB8A6402A1ABEE64D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Hsuan-Pu;Huang, Chia-Lung;Shiao, Shiuh-Feng	Chen, Hsuan-Pu, Huang, Chia-Lung, Shiao, Shiuh-Feng (2025): A taxonomic revision of the genus Alexeter Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae, Mesoleiini) from Taiwan, with descriptions of six new species. ZooKeys 1250: 315-358, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.156835
83E0F047930952A78AD333EE4828E7EA.text	83E0F047930952A78AD333EE4828E7EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alexeter mediolobus Chen, Huang & Shiao 2025	<div><p>Alexeter mediolobus Chen, Huang &amp; Shiao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6 A – H, 10 D, 11 J – L; Suppl. material 3 Chinese vernacular name: 中褐亞力姬蜂</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Taiwan • 1 ♀; Hualien County, Jian Township, Ci’en – Bilu Giant Tree; alt. 2000 m; 27. May. 2020; Light Trap; C. L. Huang &amp; L. H. Wang leg.; GenBank: PV 223410 (COI); TARI (Mesolei 07) . Paratypes. Taiwan • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.1755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.092463" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.1755/lat 24.092463)">Meifeng, Tai- 14 A highway 14.7 K</a>, 24.092463 ° N, 121.175501 ° E (DD); alt. 2180 m; 10. May. 2024; Light Trap; H. - P. Chen leg.; GenBank: PV 223411 (COI); NMNS ENT 8951-7 (Mesolei 16) • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Meifeng; alt. 2150 m; Jun. 1984; Malaise Trap; K. S. Lin &amp; K. C. Chou leg.; TARI (measure 01) • 3 ♀♀; ibid; May. 1984; TARI (measure 02–04) • 1 ♂; ibid; 22. May. 1984; TARI (measure 05) • 1 ♂; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Meifeng; 6–26. Apr. 1997; C. S. Lin &amp; W. T. Yang leg.; NMNS ENT 3028-591 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species can be distinguished from congeners by the combination of the following characters: fore wing length usually shorter than 10.0 mm (7.7–10.1 mm); ocelli large (OD = 0.20–0.27 mm; OOL / OD = 0.5–0.7); POL / OOL = 1.1–1.5; female with flagellum segments 40–43; fore wing areolet trapezoid with stalk, receiving 2 m-cu at distal corner (Fig. 10 D); fore wing 1 cu-a almost vertical and opposite to M &amp; RS (Fig. 10 D); lateromedian longitudinal carinae of propodeum present posteriorly with the area petiolaris almost closed (Fig. 6 E); posterior transverse carina present (Fig. 6 E); T 1 2.5–3.1 × its posterior width; head, mesosoma, legs, and metasoma generally brown to yellowish-brown, with mesoscutum having single blackish-brown longitudinal stripe on the median lobe (Fig. 6 A, D).</p><p>This new species is most similar to A. clavator, A. hsiaoae sp. nov., and A. monticola sp. nov. in body color but can be distinguished from them by the POL / OOL ratio (1.1–1.5 vs 0.8–1.1 in A. hsiaoae sp. nov. and 0.8–1.2 in A. monticola sp. nov.), female OOL / OD ratio (0.5–0.7 vs 0.7–0.9 in A. hsiaoae sp. nov.), length-to-posterior-width ratio of T 1 (2.5–3.1 vs 3.1–4.3 in A. hsiaoae sp. nov., 3.4–3.9 in A. monticola sp. nov., and ~ 3.3 in Chinese A. clavator), female flagellomere counts (40–43 vs 46 in A. hsiaoae sp. nov. and 46–52 in A. monticola sp. nov.), color patterns of mesoscutum (one stripe on the median lobe vs absent in A. clavator and three stripes on each lobe in A. hsiaoae sp. nov. and A. monticola sp. nov.), gena (brown vs yellowish-white in A. hsiaoae sp. nov. and sometimes orange in A. monticola sp. nov.), and fore and mid coxae (yellowish-brown vs yellowish-white in A. hsiaoae sp. nov.).</p><p>This new species can also be distinguished from other yellowish- and reddish-brown species A. nebulator, A. gracilentus, and A. luteifrons by having yellowish-brown head (black in these species) and the blackish-brown stripe on the median lobe of mesoscutum (yellowish-brown in these species). A comparative table of the measurements, ratios, and colors of this new species and other yellowish- or reddish-brown Alexeter species are provided in Suppl. material 3.</p><p>Description.</p><p>The measurements are based on Taiwanese specimens (6 females and 1 male).</p><p>Female. Head (Fig. 6 A – C): matt and minutely coriaceous, HW / HL = 1.7–2.1 (1.7, 1.9 ± 0.12); ocelli large, with OD = 0.20–0.27 (0.27, 0.25 ± 0.03) mm, POL / OD = 0.6–0.7 (0.6, 0.7 ± 0.05), OOL / OD = 0.5–0.7 (0.5, 0.5 ± 0.06), POL / OOL = 1.1–1.5 (1.1, 1.2 ± 0.13); face matt and minutely coriaceous, FW / FH = 1.4–1.6 (1.5, 1.5 ± 0.08); clypeus matt and evenly punctate with subventral median elevation, truncate or slightly concave on ventral margin, CLW / CLH = 3.0–3.5 (3.5, 3.2 ± 0.19); MSL / BMW = 0.3–0.4 (0.3, 0.3 ± 0.04); mandible densely punctate in dorsal surface, teeth equal in length; flagellum with 40–43 (43) segments; average ratio of basal five flagellomeres length 2.2: 1.2: 1.1: 1.1: 1.0.</p><p>Mesosoma (Fig. 6 A, D, E): matt and granulate; pronotum with epomia absent, carinate at dorso-anterior corner; mesoscutum with MSSL / MSSW = 1.1–1.2 (1.1, 1.2 ± 0.06), notauli short, distinct near anterior margin; scutellum with SCL / SCW = 1.0–1.4 (1.4, 1.3 ± 0.15), lateral carina present at base; epicnemial carina strong, ~ 0.7 × height of mesopleuron; metapleuron with pleural carina and submetapleural carina complete; juxtacoxal carina present posteriorly; propodeum with spiracle suboval, maximum axis 1.0–1.2 (1.0, 1.1 ± 0.08) × as minimum axis; anterior transverse carina absent; posterior transverse carina present medially; lateromedian longitudinal carinae absent on anterior and median portions, present on posterior ~ 0.2 with area petiolaris almost closed; lateral longitudinal carinae weak; average ratio of hind tarsomere length 3.9: 2.1: 1.6: 1.0: 1.2.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 10 D): fore wing length 7.7–10.1 (10.12, 9.4 ± 0.84) mm; areolet open and trapezoid with stalk 0.3–0.4 (0.3, 0.3 ± 0.05) as long as 2 rs-m, receiving 2 m-cu at distal corner; RMI = 0.6–0.7 (0.7, 0.6 ± 0.05); 1 cu-a almost vertical and opposite to M &amp; RS, with BNI = 0.1–0.2 (0.1, 0.1 ± 0.04). Hind wing length 5.6–7.4 (7.39, 6.8 ± 0.6) mm; NI = 1.9–2.8 (2.4 ± 0.32); distal hamuli 6–8 (6).</p><p>Metasoma (Fig. 6 F – H): matt and coriaceous; T 1 2.5–3.1 (2.8, 2.9 ± 0.22) × as long as posterior width, 5.8–8.0 (7.7, 7.0 ± 0.91) × as long as anterior width, 1.4–1.5 (1.5, 1.5 ± 0.03) × as long as length of T 2; T 1 with latero-median carina absent, dorso-lateral carina present on anterior 0.1 and posterior 0.2, ventro-lateral carina complete, spiracle at around middle of T 1, glymma distinct; T 2 0.9–1.3 (1.1, 1.2 ± 0.14) × as long as posterior width, 1.4–2.1 (1.8, 1.8 ± 0.22) × as long as anterior width, gastrocoeli indistinct, thyridia indistinct and circular; ovipositor sheath 2.7–5.5 (3.5, 3.5 ± 1.02) × as long as its maximum width in lateral view, shorter than apical depth of metasoma.</p><p>Color (Fig. 6, 10 D): head, mesosoma, legs, and metasoma generally brown, except face, dorsal 0.7 of clypeus, malar space, gena, mandible base, and dorso-posterior corner of pronotum yellowish-white; palpi, pronotum, dorso-anterior corner and speculum of mesopleuron, fore and mid coxae, and all trochanters and tarsi pale yellowish-brown; frons, vertex, median lobe of mesoscutum in anterior 1 / 2, lateral sides of scutellum blackish-brown. Wings hyaline, veins blackish-brown, pterostigma pale yellowish-brown.</p><p>Male. General structure and color similar to female. Male genitalia with gonostyle tapered and rounded apically, S 9 weakly concave on posterior margin, completely sclerotized (Fig. 11 J – L).</p><p>HW / HL = 1.9; OD = 0.25 mm, POL / OD = 0.6, OOL / OD = 0.5, POL / OOL = 1.3; FW / FH = 1.5, CLW / CLH = 3.0, MSL / BMW = 0.4; flagellum segments broken; average ratio of basal five flagellomeres length 2.2: 1.3: 1.1: 1.2: 1.0; MSSL / MSSW = 1.1; SCL / SCW = 1.2; maximum axis of propodeal spiracles 1.1 × as minimum axis; average ratio of hind tarsomere length 3.7: 2.1: 1.6: 1.0: 1.3; fore wing length 8.9 mm; areolet with stalk 0.1 × as long as 2 rs-m; RMI = 0.3; BNI = 0.1; hind wing length 6.6 mm; NI = 1.9; distal hamuli 6; T 1 2.9 × as long as posterior width, 8.9 × as long as anterior width, 1.5 × as long as length of T 2; T 2 1.3 × as long as posterior width, 1.7 × as long as anterior width.</p><p>Bionomics.</p><p>This species has been collected from mountainous areas in Taiwan above 2000 m by Malaise trap or light trap. Hosts are unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Taiwan (Hualien and Nantou).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name mediolobus is derived from the Latin medio - (meaning medial) plus lobus (meaning lobe). It refers to the median lobe of mesoscutum in this species with a distinct blackish-brown marking. The name is an adjective.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>In dried specimens of this new species, the lateral lobes of the mesoscutum appear darker than in fresh specimens, which can sometimes lead to misinterpretation as longitudinal stripe patterns. It is nested within Alexeter Clade I in the current COI - based phylogeny (Fig. 2). Endosymbiont co-amplification was observed in this species when amplifying the COI - 5 P region of the COI gene using the LCO 1490 / HCO 2198 primer pair or other primers targeting the same binding site, resulting in noisy chromatograms. Successful amplification of COI sequences was achieved using the primer pair C 1 - J- 1718 / C 1 - N- 2329 (Rousse et al. 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83E0F047930952A78AD333EE4828E7EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Hsuan-Pu;Huang, Chia-Lung;Shiao, Shiuh-Feng	Chen, Hsuan-Pu, Huang, Chia-Lung, Shiao, Shiuh-Feng (2025): A taxonomic revision of the genus Alexeter Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae, Mesoleiini) from Taiwan, with descriptions of six new species. ZooKeys 1250: 315-358, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.156835
2975436C34585226ABF2F6E7E24AD1C0.text	2975436C34585226ABF2F6E7E24AD1C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alexeter monticola Chen, Huang & Shiao 2025	<div><p>Alexeter monticola Chen, Huang &amp; Shiao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 7 A – H, 10 E; Suppl. material 3 Chinese vernacular name: 山亞力姬蜂</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Taiwan • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Yuanfeng; alt. 2700–2800 m; 2. Aug. – 8. Sep. 2005; Malaise Trap (KCN); C. S. Lin &amp; W. T. Yang leg.; NMNS ENT 7392-1403 . Paratypes. Taiwan • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Yuanfeng; alt. 2700–2800 m; 13. Jun. – 18. Jul. 2001; Malaise Trap (KCN); C. S. Lin &amp; W. T. Yang leg.; NMNS ENT 4229-2746 • 1 ♀; ibid; 8. Sep. – 4. Oct. 2005; NMNS ENT 7393-612 • 1 ♀; ibid; 9. Jul. – 13. Aug. 2002; NMNS ENT 4373-1645 • 2 ♀♀; ibid; 13. Aug. – 10. Sep. 2002; NMNS ENT 4373-491, NMNS ENT 4373-374 • 1 ♀; ibid; 7. Aug. – 11. Sep. 2001; NMNS ENT 4229-98 • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Tsuifeng; alt. 2300 m; 1–3. Sep. 1982; Malaise Trap; L. Y. Chou &amp; K. C. Chou leg.; TARI (measure 01) • 2 ♀♀; ibid; Sep. 1984; K. S. Lin &amp; K. C. Chou leg.; TARI (measure 02–03) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species can be distinguished from congeners by the combination of the following characters: fore wing length longer than 10.0 mm (10.7–12.0 mm); ocelli large (OD = 0.21–0.29 mm; OOL / OD = 0.5–0.8); POL / OOL = 0.8–1.2; female with flagellum segments 46–52; fore wing areolet triangular with stalk, receiving 2 m-cu at distal corner (Fig. 10 E); fore wing 1 cu-a vertical and opposite to M &amp; RS (Fig. 10 E); lateromedian longitudinal carinae of propodeum present posteriorly and forming the area petiolaris opened (Fig. 7 E); posterior transverse carina absent (Fig. 7 E); metasomal T 1 3.4–3.9 × its posterior width; head, mesosoma, legs, and metasoma generally yellowish-brown to orange, with mesoscutum having three blackish-brown longitudinal stripes on the lobes (Fig. 7 A, D).</p><p>This new species is most similar to A. clavator, A. hsiaoae sp. nov., and A. mediolobus sp. nov. in body color but can be distinguished by the POL / OOL ratio (0.8–1.2 vs 1.1–1.5 in A. mediolobus sp. nov.), female OOL / OD ratio (0.5–0.7 vs 0.7–0.9 in A. hsiaoae sp. nov.), length-to-posterior-width ratio of T 1 (3.4–3.9 vs 2.5–3.1 in A. mediolobus sp. nov., and ~ 3.3 in Chinese A. clavator), female flagellomere counts (46–52 vs 40–43 in A. mediolobus sp. nov.), color patterns of mesoscutum (three stripes on each lobe vs absent in A. clavator and one stripe on the median lobe in A. mediolobus sp. nov.), gena (orange or yellowish-brown vs yellowish-white in A. hsiaoae sp. nov.), and fore and mid coxae color (yellowish-brown vs yellowish-white in A. hsiaoae sp. nov.).</p><p>This new species can also be distinguished from other yellowish- and reddish-brown species A. nebulator, A. gracilentus, and A. luteifrons by having yellowish-brown head (black in these species) and three brown stripes on the lobes of mesoscutum (stripes absent in these species). A comparative table of measurements, ratios, and colors of this new species and other yellowish- or reddish-brown Alexeter species are provided in Suppl. material 3.</p><p>Description.</p><p>The measurements are based on Taiwanese specimens (10 females).</p><p>Female. Head (Fig. 7 A – C): matt and minutely coriaceous, HW / HL = 1.6–1.8 (1.8, 1.7 ± 0.08); ocelli large, with OD = 0.21–0.29 (0.24, 0.25 ± 0.03) mm, POL / OD = 0.6–0.8 (0.6, 0.7 ± 0.09), OOL / OD = 0.5–0.7 (0.7, 0.7 ± 0.09), POL / OOL = 0.8–1.2 (0.9, 1.0 ± 0.14); face matt and coriaceous, FW / FH = 1.3–1.6 (1.5, 1.5 ± 0.07); clypeus polished and smooth with sparce punctures and subventral median elevation, truncate on ventral margin, CLW / CLH = 3.0–3.8 (3.4, 3.4 ± 0.27); MSL / BMW = 0.4–0.5 (0.4, 0.4 ± 0.03); mandible smooth with sparce punctures, teeth equal in length; flagellum with 46–52 (49) segments; average ratio of basal five flagellomeres length 2.2: 1.3: 1.1: 1.0: 1.0.</p><p>Mesosoma (Fig. 7 A, D, E): matt and granulate; pronotum with epomia absent, weakly and densely carinate at dorso-anterior corner; mesoscutum with MSSL / MSSW = 1.1–1.3 (1.3, 1.2 ± 0.06), notauli distinct on anterior ~ 0.3; scutellum with SCL / SCW = 0.9–1.4 (1.1, 1.2 ± 0.16), lateral carina absent; epicnemial carina strong, ~ 0.5 × height of mesopleuron; metapleuron with pleural carina and submetapleural carina complete; juxtacoxal carina absent; propodeum with spiracle circular or suboval, maximum axis 1.0–1.1 (1.1, 1.1 ± 0.05) × as minimum axis; anterior and posterior transverse carinae absent; lateromedian longitudinal carinae absent on anterior and median portions, present on posterior ~ 0.2 with area petiolaris opened anteriorly; lateral longitudinal carinae vestigial posteriorly; average ratio of hind tarsomere length 4.0: 2.0: 1.6: 1.0: 1.1.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 10 E): fore wing length 10.7–12.0 (10.74, 11.2 ± 0.48) mm; areolet open and triangular with stalk 0.3–0.5 (0.4, 0.4 ± 0.05) as long as 2 rs-m, receiving 2 m-cu at distal corner; RMI = 0.6–1.0 (0.7, 0.7 ± 0.10); 1 cu-a vertical and almost opposite to M &amp; RS, with BNI = 0.1–0.2 (0.1, 0.17 ± 0.03). Hind wing length 8.0–9.0 (8.01, 8.3 ± 0.37) mm; NI = 1.8–3.7 (2.1, 2.3 ± 0.61); distal hamuli 6–9 (6 in left and 7 in right wing).</p><p>Metasoma (Fig. 7 F – H): matt and granulate; T 1 3.4–3.9 (3.9, 3.5 ± 0.16) × as long as posterior width, 6.7–8.2 (7.3, 7.5 ± 0.55) × as long as anterior width, 1.4–1.6 (1.4, 1.4 ± 0.06) × as long as length of T 2; T 1 with latero-median carina absent, dorso-lateral carina present on basal ~ 0.1 and apical 0.3, ventro-lateral carina complete, spiracle at around basal 0.4, glymma distinct; T 2 1.2–1.5 (1.5, 1.3 ± 0.08) × as long as posterior width, 1.9–2.4 (2.3, 2.1 ± 0.17) × as long as anterior width, gastrocoeli indistinct, thyridia long ellipse; ovipositor sheath 2.3–3.3 (2.8, 2.8 ± 0.26) × as long as its maximum width in lateral view, shorter than apical depth of metasoma.</p><p>Color (Fig. 7, 8 E): head, mesosoma, legs, and metasoma generally yellowish-brown to orange, except face, clypeus, and malar space yellowish-white; frons (in most paratypes) and three longitudinal stripes on lobes of mesoscutum blackish-brown; metasoma in some paratypes brown. Wings hyaline, veins yellowish-brown, and pterostigma pale yellowish-brown.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Bionomics.</p><p>This species has been collected from mountainous areas in Taiwan above 2300 m by Malaise trap. Hosts are unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Taiwan (Nantou).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name monticola is derived from Latin, meaning existing or having a habitat in or on mountains. The name is an adjective.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Morphological variations in the color of the frons and metasoma were observed within the type series, with some paratypes exhibiting blackish-brown frons and metasoma. The amplification of COI sequences in this species failed in this study.</p><p>Despite this new species sharing slightly overlapping OOL / OD ratios, flagellomere counts, and distal hamuli counts with its most similar species, A. hsiaoae sp. nov., the diagnostic color patterns (gena, vertex, fore and mid coxae) are clearly distinct between the two species. A. hsiaoae sp. nov. exhibits a stable coloration across multiple distant high-mountain localities, including Mt. Nanhu, Mt. Shueshan, and Mt. Antungchunshan. In contrast, A. monticola sp. nov. shows minor color variation on the frons within a population collected from a single locality but remains distinguishable based on the aforementioned color patterns. Additionally, their elevational distribution does not overlap among our samples. Therefore, we consider A. monticola sp. nov. to be an independent species from A. hsiaoae sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2975436C34585226ABF2F6E7E24AD1C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Hsuan-Pu;Huang, Chia-Lung;Shiao, Shiuh-Feng	Chen, Hsuan-Pu, Huang, Chia-Lung, Shiao, Shiuh-Feng (2025): A taxonomic revision of the genus Alexeter Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae, Mesoleiini) from Taiwan, with descriptions of six new species. ZooKeys 1250: 315-358, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.156835
1EE83A6EA8A058A192692EB8B22A063B.text	1EE83A6EA8A058A192692EB8B22A063B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alexeter pseudozangicus Chen, Huang & Shiao 2025	<div><p>Alexeter pseudozangicus Chen, Huang &amp; Shiao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 8 A – H, 10 F, 11 P, Q, 12 D – F; Suppl. material 3 Chinese vernacular name: 偽藏亞力姬蜂</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Taiwan • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Tsuifeng; alt. 2300 m; Nov. 1984; Malaise Trap; K. S. Lin &amp; K. C. Chou leg.; TARI (MesileiNA-F 01) . Paratypes. Taiwan • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Tsuifeng; alt. 2300 m; Dec. 1984; TARI (MesileiNA-F 02) • 2 ♀♀; ibid; Oct. 1984; TARI (MesileiNA-F 03 –04) • 1 ♀; Nantou county, Ren’ai Township, Yuanfeng; alt. 2700–2800 m; 10. Aug. – 9. Sep. 2004; Malaise Trap; C. S. Lin &amp; W. T. Yang leg.; NMNS ENT 6671-1395 • 1 ♀; ibid; 2. Aug. – 8. Sep. 2005; NMNS ENT 7392-1404 • 1 ♂; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Meifeng; alt. 2150 m; 7–9. May. 1984; Malaise Trap; K. S. Lin &amp; S. C. Lin leg.; TARI (MesileiNA-M 01) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species can be distinguished from congeners by the combination of the following characters: fore wing length usually longer than 10.0 mm (9.6–12.2 mm); ocelli normal (OD = 0.19–0.25 mm; OOL / OD = 0.8–1.1); POL / OOL = 0.7–1.1; clypeus rounded on ventral margin, mandibles with lower tooth slightly longer than upper tooth (Figs 8 C, 12 D); fore wing areolet absent (Fig. 10 F); fore wing 1 cu-a inclivous and distad to M &amp; RS (Fig. 10 F); lateromedian longitudinal carinae of propodeum complete, with the area petiolaris closed (Fig. 8 E); posterior transverse carina present (Fig. 8 E); male gonostyle broad (Fig. 11 Q); general body color reddish-brown or brown, with yellow markings on the latero-anterior corners of mesoscutum (Figs 8, 12 E, F).</p><p>This new species is most similar to A. zangicus Sheng, Sun &amp; Li, 2020 which shares the absence of fore wing areolet and the yellow markings on the latero-anterior corners of mesoscutum. It can be distinguished from A. zangicus by the following characters: body color generally brown to reddish-brown (Figs 8, 12 E, F) (black in A. zangicus); face yellowish-brown with median blackish-brown marking in female and yellow in male, clypeus entirely yellow (Figs 8 C, 12 D) (face black and clypeus yellow in A. zangicus); rounded ventral margin of clypeus (Figs 8 C, 12 D) (concave in A. zangicus).</p><p>It is also similar to the red-type male of A. rufispeculus sp. nov. which shares the reddish-brown body color and mesoscutal yellow marking but differs in the following characters: clypeus rounded (Figs 8 C, 12 D) (truncate in A. rufispeculus); mandible with lower tooth slightly longer than upper tooth (Figs 8 C, 12 D) (equal in length in A. rufispeculus); areolet absent (Fig. 10 F) (present in A. rufispeculus); lateromedian longitudinal carinae of propodeum complete (Fig. 8 E) (absent on the anterior and median portions of propodeum in A. rufispeculus); T 1 2.3–3.0 × its posterior width (3.0–4.3 × in A. rufispeculus); and male gonostyle broad (Fig. 11 Q) (normal in A. rufispeculus).</p><p>Description.</p><p>The measurements are based on Taiwanese specimens (6 females and 1 male).</p><p>Female. Head (Figs 8 A – C, 12 D): polished and minutely coriaceous, HW / HL = 1.6–1.8 (1.7, 1.7 ± 0.09); ocelli normal to large, with OD = 0.19–0.25 (0.19, 0.22 ± 0.02) mm, POL / OD = 0.6–1.0 (0.7, 0.8 ± 0.13), OOL / OD = 0.8–1.1 (1.1, 0.9 ± 0.12), POL / OOL = 0.7–1.1 (0.7, 0.9 ± 0.16); face polished and minutely coriaceous, FW / FH = 1.4–1.7 (1.7, 1.5 ± 0.1); clypeus flat, polished and smooth with sparse punctures, rounded on ventral margin, CLW / CLH = 2.8–3.3 (2.8, 3.1 ± 0.23); MSL / BMW = 0.3–0.5 (0.4, 0.4 ± 0.07); mandible smooth with sparce punctures, lower tooth slightly longer than upper tooth; flagellum with 42–48 (48) segments; average ratio of basal five flagellomeres length 2.5: 1.3: 1.2: 1.1: 1.0.</p><p>Mesosoma (Figs 8 D, E, 12 E, F): matt and granulate with dense punctures, mesopleuron minutely coriaceous with weak rugae behind epicnemial carina; pronotum with epomia absent, rugose on dorso-anterior corner; mesoscutum with MSSL / MSSW = 1.2–1.3 (1.2, 1.2 ± 0.03), notauli long, reaching 1 / 2 of mesoscutum; scutellum with SCL / SCW = 1.0–1.4 (1.4, 1.2 ± 0.16), lateral carina absent; epicnemial carina weak, as long as height of mesopleuron; metapleuron with pleural carina and submetapleural carina complete; juxtacoxal carina long and jointing submetapleural carina anteriorly; propodeum with spiracle suboval, maximum axis 1.1–1.3 (1.1, 1.2 ± 0.11) × as minimum axis; anterior transverse carina absent; posterior transverse carina present medially at posterior ~ 0.4; lateromedian longitudinal carinae present on anterior and median portions, with area petiolaris closed; lateral longitudinal carinae well-developed; average ratio of hind tarsomere length 4.4: 2.2: 1.6: 1.0: 1.1.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 10 F): fore wing length 10.1–12.2 (11.99, 11.4 ± 0.77) mm; areolet absent; RMI = 0.7–0.9 (0.9, 0.8 ± 0.11); 1 cu-a inclivous and distad to M &amp; RS, with BNI = 0.2–0.3 (0.2, 0.3 ± 0.03). Hind wing length 7.4–8.8 (8.65, 8.4 ± 0.54) mm; NI = 2.3–4.3 (3.0, 3.1 ± 0.75); distal hamuli 7–8 (8).</p><p>Metasoma (Fig. 8 F – H): polished and minutely coriaceous; T 1 2.3–2.8 (2.5, 2.7 ± 0.21) × as long as posterior width, 5.8–7.0 (6.2, 6.4 ± 0.45) × as long as anterior width, 1.5–1.7 (1.5, 1.6 ± 0.09) × as long as length of T 2; T 1 with latero-median carina absent, dorso-lateral carina weak, distinct anteriorly, ventro-lateral carina complete, spiracle at around middle of T 1, glymma distinct; T 2 0.9–1.2 (1.0, 1.0 ± 0.08) × as long as posterior width, 1.3–1.5 (1.4, 1.4 ± 0.07) × as long as anterior width, gastrocoeli indistinct, thyridia indistinct and semi-circular; ovipositor sheath 3.1–4.6 (4.6, 3.7 ± 0.59) × as long as its maximum width in lateral view, shorter than apical depth of metasoma.</p><p>Color (Figs 8, 10 F): head, mesosoma, legs, and metasoma generally brown to reddish-brown, except frons, areas between lateral ocelli and eyes, median area of face, posterior area of mesoscutum, pronotum, dorsal portion of mesopleuron, ventro-apical metapleuron, glymma of T 1, and ovipositor sheath blackish-brown or tinged with blackish-brown; clypeus, mandibles, palpi, dorsal surface and dorso-posterior corner of pronotum, latero-anterior corners of mesoscutum, tegula, dorso-anterior corner of mesopleuron, scutellum, and mid and hind tarsi yellow. Wings hyaline, veins and pterostigma brown or blackish-brown.</p><p>Male. General structure and color similar to female, except general color blackish-brown (Fig. 12 D – F); whole face, ventral markings of mesopleuron, fore and mid coxae, and anterior 1 / 2 of T 3 yellow; yellow markings on lateral anterior corners of mesoscutum more distinct and extend posteriorly through notauli (Fig. 12 E, F). Male genitalia with gonostyle broad, tapered and rounded apically (Fig. 11 P, Q).</p><p>HW / HL = 1.9; OD = 0.25 mm, POL / OD = 0.5, OOL / OD = 0.7, POL / OOL = 0.7; FW / FH = 1.6, CLW / CLH = 2.5, MSL / BMW = 0.3; flagellum with 42 segments; average ratio of basal five flagellomeres length 2.6: 1.4: 1.2: 1.3: 1.0; MSSL / MSSW = 1.2; SCL / SCW = 1.1; maximum axis of propodeal spiracles 1.0 × as minimum axis; average ratio of hind tarsomere length 4.3: 2.1: 1.6: 1.0: 1.0; fore wing length 9.6 mm; RMI = 0.7; BNI = 0.3; hind wing length 6.7 mm; NI = 3.0; distal hamuli 7–8; T 1 3.0 × as long as posterior width, 6.2 × as long as anterior width, 1.7 × as long as length of T 2; T 2 1.0 × as long as posterior width, 1.5 × as long as anterior width.</p><p>Bionomics.</p><p>This species has been collected from mountainous areas in Taiwan above 2100 m by Malaise trap. Hosts are unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Taiwan (Nantou).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name pseudozangicus is derived from the name of the species most morphologically similar to this new species, A. zangicus Sheng, Sun &amp; Li, 2020 . The name is an adjective.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Sexual dimorphism was observed in this species, with body color generally reddish-brown in females and brown in males. Additionally, the yellow markings on the ventral mesopleuron and metasomal tergites are present in males but absent in females. The amplification of COI sequences in this species failed in this study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1EE83A6EA8A058A192692EB8B22A063B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Hsuan-Pu;Huang, Chia-Lung;Shiao, Shiuh-Feng	Chen, Hsuan-Pu, Huang, Chia-Lung, Shiao, Shiuh-Feng (2025): A taxonomic revision of the genus Alexeter Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae, Mesoleiini) from Taiwan, with descriptions of six new species. ZooKeys 1250: 315-358, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.156835
E67E4508455D594F816A1ECA66892E68.text	E67E4508455D594F816A1ECA66892E68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alexeter rufispeculus Chen, Huang & Shiao 2025	<div><p>Alexeter rufispeculus Chen, Huang &amp; Shiao sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 9 A – H, 10 G, 11 M – O, 12 G – K; Suppl. material 3 Chinese vernacular name: 鏡紅亞力姬蜂</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Taiwan • 1 ♀; Yilan County, Datong Township, Siyuan Pass 42.0 K (Quri Sqabu); 25. May. 2020; Light Trap; C. L. Huang &amp; L. H. Wang leg.; GenBank: PV 223409 (COI); NMNS ENT 8951-5 (Mesolei 08) . Paratypes. Taiwan • 1 ♀; Yilan County, Datong Township, Siyuan Pass ( Quri Sqabu); 1. Jun. 2020; Light Trap; H. Y. Lee leg.; GenBank: PV 223407 (COI); KPMNH (Mesolei 04) • 1 ♂; Nantou County, Xinyi Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.852516&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.480555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.852516/lat 23.480555)">Tatajia, Tai- 18 th highway 100.5 K</a>, 23.480555 ° N, 120.852519 ° E (DD); alt. 2350 m; 20. Jun. 2020; Light Trap; C. L. Huang leg.; GenBank: PV 223408 (COI); NMNS ENT 8951-6 (Mesolei 09) • 1 ♂; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Meifeng; 23–24. Sep. 1997; Light Trap; C. S. Lin &amp; W. T. Yang leg.; NMNS ENT 2692-791 • 9 ♀♀ 14 ♂♂; ibid; Jun. 1984; alt. 2150 m; Malaise Trap; K. S. Lin &amp; K. C. Chou leg.; TARI (measure 01–03) • 1 ♀ 9 ♂♂; ibid; May. 1984; TARI (measure 04–05) • 3 ♀♀; ibid; Jul. 1984; TARI • 1 ♀ 1 ♂; ibid; 22–26. Jun. 1983; K. S. Lin &amp; S. C. Lin leg.; TARI • 1 ♂; ibid; 24–26. Jun. 1981; K. S. Lin &amp; W. S. Tang leg.; TARI • 1 ♀; ibid; 2–4. Jun. 1980; alt. 2130 m; L. Y. Chou &amp; C. C. Chen leg.; TARI • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Tsuifeng; alt. 2300 m; 5. Aug. 1984; K. S. Lin leg.; TARI (measure 06) • 1 ♀; ibid; Sep. 1984; Malaise Trap; K. S. Lin &amp; K. C. Chou leg.; TARI (measure 07) • 1 ♀ 2 ♂♂; ibid; Aug. 1984; TARI (measure 08–09) • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, 820 Forest Road; 25. Jun. 2008; Light Trap; H. H. Lin leg.; NMNS ENT 5880-85 • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Tayuling, 820 Forest Road; 14. Jul. 2008; Light Trap; H. H. Lin leg.; NMNS ENT 6070-1565 • 1 ♀; ibid; 11. Aug. 2008; NMNS ENT 6070-1580 • 1 ♀; ibid; 3. Sep. 2008; NMNS ENT 6070-1608 • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Piluchi Workstation; alt. 2100 m; 24–25. Jun. 2008; Light Trap; W. T. Yang leg.; NMNS ENT 5881-473 • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Rueiyanxi, Shueiguan Road; 29–30. Aug. 2009; Light Trap; H. H. Liang leg.; NMNS ENT 6214-311 • 1 ♀; “Lishan” (= Taichung City, Heping Dist., Lishan); 12–18. Jul. 1971; Malaise Trap; Unknown collector; TARI • 3 ♀♀; Chiayi County, Alishan Township, Mt. Alishan; alt. 2400 m; 17–20. Aug. 1982; K. C. Chou &amp; C. C. Pan leg.; TARI (measure 10–11) • 1 ♂; ibid; 5–9. Aug. 1981; L. Y. Chou &amp; S. C. Lin leg.; TARI (measure 12) • 2 ♂♂; “Arishan” (= Chiayi County, Alishan Township, Mt. Alishan); Jun. 1914; M. Maki leg.; TARI (measure 13) • 1 ♀; Hualien County, Xiulin Township, Tayuling; alt. 2560 m; 24–26. Jun. 1977; K. S. Lin leg.; TARI • 1 ♀; ibid; 9–16. Jun. 1980; K. S. Lin &amp; B. S. Chen leg.; TARI .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species can be distinguished from congeners by the combination of the following characters: ocelli large (OD = 0.20–0.30 mm; OOL / OD = 0.6–0.9); POL / OOL = 0.6–1.1; clypeus truncate on ventral margin (Figs 9 C, 12 G); fore wing areolet triangular with stalk, receiving 2 m-cu at distal corner (Fig. 10 G); fore wing vertical, basad, opposite, or distad to M &amp; RS (Fig. 10 G); lateromedian longitudinal carinae of propodeum present posteriorly with the area petiolaris opened (Fig. 10 E); posterior transverse carina present (Fig. 10 E); general body color variable from reddish-brown (red type) (Fig. 12 J, K) to blackish-brown (black type) (Figs 9, 12 G – I); speculum on the mesopleuron usually reddish-brown, rarely not (Figs 9 A, 12 I – K); males with yellow markings on the latero-anterior corners of mesoscutum (Fig. 12 H – J).</p><p>The red-type male of this new species is similar to the female of A. pseudozangicus sp. nov. which shares the reddish-brown body color and yellow markings on the latero-anterior corners of the mesoscutum but differs in the following characters: clypeus truncate (Figs 9 C, 12 G) (rounded in A. pseudozangicus); mandible with both teeth equal in length (Figs 9 C, 12 G) (lower tooth slightly longer than upper tooth in A. pseudozangicus); areolet present (Fig. 10 G) (absent in A. pseudozangicus); lateromedian longitudinal carinae of propodeum absent on the anterior and median portions (Fig. 9 E) (complete in A. pseudozangicus); T 1 3.0–4.3 × its posterior width (2.3–3.0 × in A. pseudozangicus); and the width of male gonostyle normal (Fig. 11 O) (broad in A. pseudozangicus).</p><p>Description.</p><p>The measurements were based on Taiwanese specimens (15 females and 8 males).</p><p>Female. Head (Figs 9 A – C, 12 G): matt and granulate, HW / HL = 1.7–2.0 (1.9, 1.8 ± 0.11); ocelli large, with OD = 0.20–0.30 (0.26, 0.26 ± 0.03) mm, POL / OD = 0.4–0.8 (0.4, 0.5 ± 0.10), OOL / OD = 0.6–0.8 (0.7, 0.7 ± 0.06), POL / OOL = 0.6–1.1 (0.6, 0.8 ± 0.13); face matt and granulate, FW / FH = 1.2–1.5 (1.5, 1.4 ± 0.08); clypeus smooth with sparce punctures, truncate, and having transverse median ridge on ventral margin, CLW / CLH = 2.6–4.3 (3.7, 3.1 ± 0.43); MSL / BMW = 0.4–0.5 (0.4, 0.4 ± 0.04); mandible evenly punctate in dorsal surface, teeth equal in length or with lower tooth slightly longer than upper tooth; flagellum with 41–51 (49) segments; average ratio of basal five flagellomeres length 2.5: 1.3: 1.1: 1.1: 1.0.</p><p>Mesosoma (Figs 9 A, D, E, 12 H – K): polished and granulate; pronotum with epomia absent, weakly rugose on dorso-anterior corner; mesoscutum with MSSL / MSSW = 1.1–1.3 (1.1, 1.2 ± 0.06), notauli short, distinct on anterior ~ 0.2; scutellum with SCL / SCW = 0.9–1.4 (1.4, 1.1 ± 0.15), lateral carina present anteriorly; epicnemial carina weak, ~ 1 / 2 as height of mesopleuron; metapleuron with pleural carina and submetapleural carina complete; juxtacoxal carina vestigial posteriorly; propodeum with spiracle circular to suboval, maximum axis 1.0–1.3 (1.0, 1.1 ± 0.09) × as minimum axis; anterior transverse carina absent; posterior transverse carina present medially; lateromedian longitudinal carinae absent on anterior and median portions, present on posterior ~ 0.25 with area petiolaris opened anteriorly; lateral longitudinal carinae absent; average ratio of hind tarsomere length 4.3: 2.2: 1.7: 1.0: 1.2.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 10 G): fore wing length 8.4–10.9 (10.7, 10.0 ± 0.66) mm; areolet triangular with stalk 0.3–0.6 (0.4, 0.5 ± 0.09) as long as 2 rs-m, receiving 2 m-cu at distal corner; RMI = 0.6–0.9 (0.7, 0.7 ± 0.08); 1 cu-a vertical, basad, opposite, or distad to M &amp; RS, with BNI = 0.1–0.3 (0.2, 0.2 ± 0.05). Hind wing length 6.2–8.2 (8.0, 7.5 ± 0.51) mm; NI = 1.6–3.0 (1.7, 2.2 ± 0.44); distal hamuli 6–8 (6).</p><p>Metasoma (Fig. 9 F – H): polished and minutely coriaceous; T 1 3.0–4.2 (3.3, 3.2 ± 0.31) × as long as posterior width, 5.8–9.5 (6.7, 7.2 ± 1.06) × as long as anterior width, 1.3–1.7 (1.4, 1.4 ± 0.09) × as long as length of T 2; T 1 with latero-median carina absent, dorso-lateral carina and ventro-lateral carina complete and varied from weak to strong, spiracle at around middle of T 1, glymma distinct; T 2 1.1–1.5 (1.5, 1.3 ± 0.09) × as long as posterior width, 1.6–2.3 (2.0, 1.8 ± 0.17) × as long as anterior width, gastrocoeli shallow and indistinct, thyridia circular; ovipositor sheath 2.4–5.5 (5.5, 3.6 ± 0.88) × as long as its maximum width in lateral view, shorter than apical depth of metasoma.</p><p>Color (Figs 9, 10 G, 12 K): variable, head, and legs generally reddish-brown, mesosoma and metasoma generally blackish-brown or brown in black-type specimens (including holotype) and reddish-brown in red-type specimens, except antenna, fore legs except tarsi, mid coxae, and trochanters yellowish-brown; face, clypeus (whole or in dorsal 1 / 2), mandibles, malar space, palpi, tegula, all tarsi, hind tibiae (whole or at least in basal 0.6) yellow or pale yellow; frons, ocellar area, ventral marking of clypeus and T 1 (in some specimens) blackish-brown; speculum and scutellum always reddish-brown; and metasomal tergites behind T 3 reddish-brown, sometimes tinged with red. Wings hyaline, veins blackish-brown or yellowish-brown, pterostigma pale yellowish-brown.</p><p>Male. General structure and color similar to female, except latero-anterior margin of mesoscutum and ventral side of mesopleuron with pale yellow marking (Fig. 12 G – J). Male genitalia with gonostyle tapered and rounded apically, S 9 weakly concave on posterior margin, with subtriangular median area weakly sclerotized (Fig. 11 M – O).</p><p>HW / HL = 1.6–2.0 (1.8 ± 0.18); OD = 0.24–0.28 (0.26 ± 0.01) mm, POL / OD = 0.5–0.7 (0.6 ± 0.08), OOL / OD = 0.6–0.9 (0.7 ± 0.08), POL / OOL = 0.6–1.0 (0.8 ± 0.14); FW / FH = 1.2–1.4 (1.3 ± 0.05), CLW / CLH = 2.7–3.2 (3.0 ± 0.2), MSL / BMW = 0.2–0.4 (0.3 ± 0.05); flagellum with 43–49 segments; average ratio of basal five flagellomeres length 2.3: 1.2: 1.1: 1.1: 1.0; MSSL / MSSW = 1.2–1.3 (1.2 ± 0.06); SCL / SCW = 1.0–1.2 (1.1 ± 0.06); maximum axis of propodeal spiracles 1.0–1.1 (1.0 ± 0.06) × as minimum axis; average ratio of hind tarsomere length 4.1: 2.2: 1.7: 1.0: 1.1; fore wing length 8.6–10.1 (9.5 ± 0.52) mm; RMI = 0.6–0.9 (0.7 ± 0.12); BNI = 0.1–0.2 (0.2 ± 0.04); hind wing length 6.5–7.5 (7 ± 0.41) mm; NI = 1.5–3.7 (2.4 ± 0.75); distal hamuli 6–8; T 1 2.9–4.1 (3.5 ± 0.34) × as long as posterior width, 5.8–8.0 (7.0 ± 0.73) × as long as anterior width, 1.3–1.6 (1.5 ± 0.08) × as long as length of T 2; T 2 1.3–1.6 (1.4 ± 0.13) × as long as posterior width, 1.8–2.4 (2.0 ± 0.2) × as long as anterior width.</p><p>Bionomics.</p><p>This species has been collected from mountainous areas in Taiwan above 2000 m by Malaise trap or light trap. Hosts are unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Taiwan (Yilan, Hualien, Nantou, Taichung, and Chiayi).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name rufispeculus is derived from the Latin words rufi - (meaning red) and speculus (meaning mirror, refer to speculum on the mesopleuron herein), referring to the reddish-brown speculum on the mesopleuron of this new species. The name is an adjective.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>According to the collection data in this study, this is the most common species of Alexeter in Taiwan (Suppl. material 1). Large color variation was observed in this species, with two color types, black type (body color generally blackish-brown) (Figs 9, 12 G – I) and red type (reddish-brown) (Fig. 12 J, K). Both types have speculum on the mesopleuron reddish-brown (except one observed specimen in this study) (Figs 9 A, 12 I – K). Additionally, the sexual dimorphism was also observed in this species, with yellow markings on the latero-anterior corners of mesoscutum present in males (Fig. 12 H – J) but absent in females (Figs 9 A, D, 12 K).</p><p>As mentioned in the Remarks of A. mediolobus sp. nov. above, endosymbiont co-amplification was also observed in this new species when amplifying the COI - 5 P region of the COI gene, with the same solutions applied. It is nested within Alexeter Clade I in the current COI - based phylogeny (Fig. 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E67E4508455D594F816A1ECA66892E68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Hsuan-Pu;Huang, Chia-Lung;Shiao, Shiuh-Feng	Chen, Hsuan-Pu, Huang, Chia-Lung, Shiao, Shiuh-Feng (2025): A taxonomic revision of the genus Alexeter Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae, Mesoleiini) from Taiwan, with descriptions of six new species. ZooKeys 1250: 315-358, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.156835
7D01260823945AB688ABEC2F69CB8984.text	7D01260823945AB688ABEC2F69CB8984.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alexeter shakojiensis Uchida 1930	<div><p>Alexeter shakojiensis Uchida, 1930</p><p>Figs 3 A – H, 10 A, 11 A – C; Suppl. material 3 Chinese vernacular name: 朝鮮亞力姬蜂 / 朝亞力姬蜂</p><p>Alexeter shakojiensis Uchida, 1930: 292.</p><p>Alexeter shakojiensis – Kim 1955: 491; Townes et al. 1965: 257; Sun et al. 2019: 86; Sheng et al. 2020: 156; Li and Sun 2022: 99.</p><p>Mesoleius shakojiensis – Kim 1957: 24; Townes et al. 1965: 257.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype. Korea • 1 ♂; Shakoji [= currently Sukwangsa at Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do]; 23. Jul. 1922; T. Uchida leg.; SEHU . Non-type material. Taiwan • 1 ♀; Hualien County, Xiulin Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.33377&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.188293" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.33377/lat 24.188293)">Cross Island Rd. 113 K</a>, ca 24.188294 N, 121.333768 E (DD); alt. ca 2380 m; 26. Aug. 1989; Light Trap; J. T. Chao leg.; TFRI 00073659 • 1 ♀; Chiayi County, Alishan Township, Mt. Alishan; alt. 2400 m; 5–9. Aug. 1989; Malaise Trap; L. Y. Chou &amp; S. C. Lin; TARI (measure 01) • 1 ♂; ibid; 5. Aug. 1931; T. Shiraki; TARI (measure 07) • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Meifeng; alt. 2130 m; 23. Sep. – 2. Oct. 1979; Malaise Trap; unknown collector; TARI (measure 02) • 1 ♀; ibid; 22–29. Aug. 1979; TARI (measure 03) • 1 ♂; ibid; 18–23. Sep. 1979; TARI (measure 08) • 1 ♀; ibid; Jul. 1984; alt. 2150 m; K. S. Lin &amp; K. C. Chou leg.; TARI (measure 04) • 1 ♀ 1 ♂; ibid; Aug. 1984; TARI (measure 05) • 3 ♂♂; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Tsuifeng; alt. 2300 m; Aug. 1984; Malaise Trap; K. S. Lin &amp; K. C. Chou leg.; TARI (measure 10) • 2 ♂♂; ibid; Sep. 1984; TARI (measure 09) • 1 ♀; ibid; Oct. 1985; K. S. Lin leg.; TARI (measure 06) • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Xinyi Township, Tungpu; alt. 1200 m; Nov. 1985; K. S. Lin leg.; TARI • 1 ♀; Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Shuikuan Road; 29–30. Aug. 2009; Light Trap (UV); H. H. Liang leg.; NMNS ENT 6214-397 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This species can be distinguished from congeners by the combination of the following characters: fore wing length usually longer than 10.0 mm; POL / OOL = 0.5–0.7; fore wing areolet triangular with stalk, receiving 2 m-cu at distal corner (Fig. 10 A); fore wing 1 cu-a slightly inclivous, distad or almost opposite to M &amp; RS (Fig. 10 A); lateromedian longitudinal carinae of propodeum complete and distinct, almost parallel (Fig. 3 E); T 1 2.7–3.3 × its apical width; gonostyle truncate apically (Fig. 11 B); mesosoma black with scutellum reddish-brown; metasoma and legs reddish-brown except hind tarsi yellow (Fig. 3 A).</p><p>This species is the only one in Alexeter with such large body size, black mesosoma, reddish-brown scutellum, and almost entirely reddish-brown legs and metasoma. The Asian species A. daisetsusanus Uchida, 1930, A. dorogawaensis Uchida, 1934, A. segmentarius (Fabricius, 1787), and A. fallax (Holmgren, 1857) share a general color pattern of black mesosoma and reddish-brown metasoma. However, the metasomas of these other species are black on at least the posterior tergites, whereas in A. shakojiensis, the posterior tergites of the metasoma are reddish-brown.</p><p>Redescription based on Taiwanese specimens.</p><p>The measurements were based on Taiwanese specimens (8 females and 4 males).</p><p>Female. Head (Fig. 3 A – C): matt and granulate, HW / HL = 1.8–2.1 (1.9 ± 0.12); ocelli normal, OD = 0.2–0.3 (0.2 ± 0.03) mm, POL / OD = 0.5–0.9 (0.7 ± 0.13), OOL / OD = 1.0–1.4 (1.2 ± 0.14), POL / OOL = 0.5–0.7 (0.6 ± 0.08); face granulate with strong punctures, FW / FH = 1.5–1.8 (1.7 ± 0.12); clypeus smooth with subventral transverse ridges, truncate on ventral margin, CLW / CLH = 2.6–3.1 (2.9 ± 0.14); MSL / BMW = 0.4–0.6 (0.5 ± 0.07); mandible minutely coriaceous with strong punctures, teeth equal in length; flagellum with 44–51 segments; average ratio of basal five flagellomeres length 2.4: 1.3: 1.2: 1.1: 1.0.</p><p>Mesosoma (Fig. 3 A, D, E): matt and granulate with dense punctures, mesopleuron with weak rugae; pronotum with epomia strong, carinate at dorso-anterior corner; mesoscutum with MSSL / MSSW = 1.3–1.4 (1.3 ± 0.03), notauli short, distinct near anterior margin; scutellum with SCL / SCW = 1.0–1.3 (1.1 ± 0.14), lateral carina absent; epicnemial carina strong, ~ 0.8 × height of mesopleuron with short carinae posteriorly; metapleuron with pleural carina and submetapleural carina complete; juxtacoxal carina present posteriorly; propodeum with spiracle circular to suboval, maximum axis 1.0–1.3 (1.0 ± 0.09) × as minimum axis; anterior transverse carina absent or vestigial medially; posterior transverse carina present medially at posterior ~ 0.4; lateromedian longitudinal carina present, with area petiolaris opened anteriorly; lateral longitudinal carina vestigial; average ratio of hind tarsomere length 4.5: 2.3: 1.8: 1.0: 1.2.</p><p>Wings (Fig. 10 A): fore wing length 9.7–11.9 (10.9 ± 0.85) mm; areolet open and triangular with stalk 0.4–0.6 (0.5 ± 0.07) × as long as 2 rs-m, receiving 2 m-cu at distal corner; RMI = 0.6–0.9 (0.7 ± 0.08); 1 cu-a slightly inclivous, distad or almost opposite to M &amp; RS, with BNI = 0.1–0.3 (0.2 ± 0.05). Hind wing length 7.0–9.0 (8.2 ± 0.75) mm; NI = 1.3–2.1 (1.7 ± 0.33); distal hamuli 6–9.</p><p>Metasoma (Fig. 3 A, F – H): matt and minutely coriaceous; T 1 2.7–3.3 (3.1 ± 0.19) × as long as posterior width, 7.2–8.7 (7.8 ± 0.55) × as long as anterior width, 1.4–1.5 (1.5 ± 0.06) × as long as length of T 2; T 1 with latero-median carinae absent, dorso-lateral carina present anteriorly, ventro-lateral carina complete, spiracle at around middle of T 1, glymma distinct; T 2 1.2–1.5 (1.3 ± 0.11) × as long as posterior width, 1.7–2.4 (1.9 ± 0.21) × as long as anterior width, gastrocoeli indistinct, thyridia semi-circular; ovipositor sheath 3.3–6.2 (4.4 ± 0.98) × as long as its maximum width in lateral view, shorter than apical depth of metasoma.</p><p>Color (Fig. 3, 10 A): head and mesosoma generally black, except antenna and ventral 0.6 of face gradient from reddish-brown to yellow; clypeus, malar space, and mandibles except teeth yellow; palpi, tegula, scutellum, and postscutellum reddish-brown. Metasoma and legs generally reddish-brown, except glymma and anterior 0.5–0.8 of T 1 sometimes black, mid coxa sometimes tinged with black, hind tarsus yellow. Wings hyaline tinged with yellowish-brown, veins and pterostigma reddish-brown.</p><p>Male. General structure and color similar to female, except mesoscutum with lateral-anterior corner having yellowish- or reddish-brown marking. Male genitalia with gonostyle truncate apically and weakly concave on ventral margin, S 9 weakly concave on posterior margin, completely sclerotized (Fig. 11 A – C).</p><p>HW / HL = 1.7–2.1 (1.9 ± 0.17); OD = 0.22–0.26 (0.24 ± 0.02) mm, POL / OD = 0.6–0.7 (0.6 ± 0.04), OOL / OD = 1.0–1.2 (1.1 ± 0.07), POL / OOL = 0.5–0.7 (0.6 ± 0.08); FW / FH = 1.6–1.8 (1.7 ± 0.10), CLW / CLH = 2.9–3.2 (3.1 ± 0.14), MSL / BMW = 0.4–0.5 (0.5 ± 0.06); flagellum with 46–51 segments; average ratio of basal five flagellomeres length 2.1: 1.3: 1.1: 1.1: 1.0; MSSL / MSSW = 1.3–1.5 (1.4 ± 0.06); SCL / SCW = 0.9–1.2 (1 ± 0.16); maximum axis of propodeal spiracles 1.0–1.1 (1.1 ± 0.06) × as minimum axis; average ratio of hind tarsomere length 4.6: 2.3: 1.8: 1.0: 1.2; fore wing length 10.0–11.0 (10.4 ± 0.49) mm; areolet with stalk 0.4–0.8 (0.6 ± 0.14) × as long as 2 rs-m; RMI = 0.7–0.8 (0.7 ± 0.04); BNI = 0.1–0.3 (0.2 ± 0.11); hind wing length 7.1–7.8 (7.5 ± 0.32) mm; NI = 1.4–2.2 (1.8 ± 0.34); distal hamuli 7–10; T 1 2.8–3.7 (3.3 ± 0.39) × as long as posterior width, 7.3–8.1 (7.7 ± 0.31) × as long as anterior width, 1.4–1.6 (1.5 ± 0.09) × as long as length of T 2; T 2 1.3–1.6 (1.4 ± 0.11) × as long as posterior width, 1.9–2.4 (2.1 ± 0.19) × as long as anterior width.</p><p>Bionomics.</p><p>This species has been collected in mountainous areas in Taiwan above 2000 m by Malaise trap or light trap. Hosts are unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Korea, China, and Taiwan (new record: Hualien, Nantou, and Chiayi).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This is the first record of this species from Taiwan. The amplification of COI sequences in this species failed in this study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D01260823945AB688ABEC2F69CB8984	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Hsuan-Pu;Huang, Chia-Lung;Shiao, Shiuh-Feng	Chen, Hsuan-Pu, Huang, Chia-Lung, Shiao, Shiuh-Feng (2025): A taxonomic revision of the genus Alexeter Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae, Mesoleiini) from Taiwan, with descriptions of six new species. ZooKeys 1250: 315-358, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1250.156835
