identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B07009639B6C5AA1ABFD20A0846E63FE.text	B07009639B6C5AA1ABFD20A0846E63FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catalpa lutea J. H. Wang, W. J. Ma & Z. Y. Li 2026	<div><p>Catalpa lutea J. H. Wang, W. J. Ma &amp; Z. Y. Li sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 5, 6 Chinese name: 金丝楸</p><p>Type.</p><p>China • Henan Province, Luanchuan County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.55858&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.13322" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.55858/lat 34.13322)">Qiuba Township</a>, 34°07'59.6"N, 111°33'30.88"E, 115 m a. s. l., 26 Aug. 2019, W. J. Ma CATSQ 002 (holotype: CAF!, barcode no. 10023403; isotypes: PE!, CAF!) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>C. lutea is easily distinguished from all other species of Catalpa by the following combination of characters: narrowly ovate crown; yellow heartwood; yellow anthers; yellow xylem appearing in four-year-old branches and older; filaments with scattered purple spots and a purplish stigma; darker, thicker, and more prominent purple striations inside the corolla tube, with spots exceeding 1 mm in diameter; gray-brown bark that is neither warped nor exfoliating; leaf blades markedly longer than wide; young foliage frequently flushed purple, mature leaves green with occasional purple tinge; leaves of sprouting shoots suborbicular and 3–5 - lobed; abaxial surface bearing 3–4 nectaries at the junctions of the veins on the lower leaf surface, two nectaries at the base. 2 n = 40.</p><p>C. lutea is morphologically similar to C. bungei in its slender petioles, corymbose inflorescences, and white corolla with many purple spots. However, C. lutea differs from C. bungei by having a transversely elliptic corolla orifice, thicker petals, larger corolla spots, significantly fewer capsules, and a flowering phenology that is about 8 days earlier in regions of sympatry, in addition to its distribution extending to eastern coastal China. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome-wide SNP data revealed that C. lutea was sister to a clade comprising C. duclouxii and C. bungei, with strong statistical support. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete chloroplast genome indicated that C. lutea formed a sister clade to C. bungei . A detailed morphological comparison of the species most similar to C. lutea is provided in Table 1.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Deciduous trees, 3–30 m tall, 30–100 + cm DBH, crown ovate-conic to broadly ovoid. Wood: with dark gray-brown sapwood and yellow heartwood. Young trunks with brown gray, smooth bark and scattered grayish lenticels; old trunks dark gray, vertically furrowed, and transversely fissured; young shoots brown green to brown gray, scattered narrowly elliptic or elliptic lenticels, mostly glabrous, occasionally sparsely hispidulous, glabrous when older. Bark: irregularly cracked; bark lobes horizontally broken into rectangular lobes and not warped, thick, and persistent. Leaves opposite or in whorls of three, unequal in size in each pair or each whorl, sparsely hispidulous when young, glabrate when older. Petioles: 3–9 cm long, 1–3 mm wide, pale green to red-purple; leaf blades: chartaceous, red-brownish when young, turning deep green with age, deltoid-ovate to broadly ovate, 7–14 × 5–12 cm, distinctly longer than the width, truncate or shallowly cordate at base, margin entire, apex cuspidate or caudate; mid-rib with 3–4 arcuate secondary veins on each side, 3 palmate-nerved at base, abaxial veins prominent; abaxially with dark, triangular areas in axils of two basal secondary veins, with dense, glandular dots dark purple or green; leaves of sprouting branches heteromorphic, blades nearly orbiculate, 3–5 - lobed, lobes cuspidate or caudate at the apex, abaxially with 3–4 nectaries at the axils of lower secondary veins. Inflorescences: racemose-corymbose, terminal, 3–13 - flowered, rarely partly branched, with peduncles 2–2.5 cm long, scattered narrowly elliptic lenticels, glabrous, with bracts at the base of each pedicel; pedicel 2–3.5 cm long, with 1–3 bracteoles below the middle of each pedicel, bracteoles alternate, shorter than bracts, narrowly linear, 2–6 × 0.4–1 mm, curved at the apex, glabrous, deciduous after anthesis. Calyx: turbinate, red-purple, glabrous, 2 - parted, near ca. 1 mm from the base, lobes ovate to broadly elliptic, 1.2–1.8 × 0.6–0.9 cm, cuspidate at the apex, tipped with two abrupt points. Corolla: tubular – funnelform, 3.5–4.2 cm long, glabrous, tube 1.8–2.1 cm long, ca. 2 mm wide at base, 1.6–1.9 cm wide at orifice of corolla, transversely elliptic, occasionally with simple hairs inside the throat. limb 2 - lipped, lower lip 3 - lobed, lobes transversely broadly elliptic to orbiculate, 1.4–1.8 × 1.9–2.2 cm, rounded or obtuse at the apex, connate at the base for 5–9 mm; upper lip 2 - lobed, lobes broadly ovate to transversely oblong, 0.5–0.7 × 1.1–1.3 cm, rounded or obtuse at the apex, connate at the base for 0.9–1.2 cm, all lobes crimped; corolla white, with many small purple spots on the tube outside; lower lobes with rows of larger purple spots along the veins and densely scattered over the surface and inside of the tube, including some spots exceeding 1 mm in diameter; with two rows of disjunct bright yellow spots and slightly raised 2 - longitudinal ridges between the tube inside and the lower lobes. Stamens 2, 1.3–1.6 cm long, glabrous; filaments: white, scattered purple dots; anthers: yellow, two anther cells divaricate, ovate-elliptic, 2.5–3 mm long; staminodes 3, ca. 4 mm long, white, glabrous, stamens and staminodes inserted into the corolla tube ca. 2 mm from the base. Pistil glabrous; ovary 2–3 mm long, green; style 1.4–1.7 cm long, white; stigma 2 - parted, lobes lanceolate unequal, 1.5–2 mm long, purplish. Capsules: 1–2 per infructescence, 30–70 cm long, 3–5 mm wide, glabrous, with the septum 1.5–2.5 mm wide. Seeds: body brown, transversely narrowly oblong, 1.5–2 mm long, 0.9–1.5 cm wide, truncate at the base and apex, sides acute, ciliate on sides, with hairs 0.5–2 cm long, white.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Wild populations of C. lutea are found in Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, and Jiangsu provinces, with relatively abundant populations preserved in mountainous areas of coastal regions. Natural populations are distributed at elevations of approximately 0–800 m a. s. l. The species is currently widely cultivated in northern China.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Flowering occurs from mid-April to early May, lasting 10–15 days, and fruiting extends from May to September. The flowering period begins approximately 8 days earlier than that of sympatrically distributed C. bungei .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet of ‘lutea’ comes from local Chinese names: “Huang Qiu” (Yellow Catalpa, in Henan Province, China) and “Jin Qiu” (Golden Catalpa, in Shandong Province, China) refer to yellow heartwood.</p><p>Habitat and ecology.</p><p>Through a two-year investigation of wild Catalpa resources across more than 40 prefectures and cities in China, we documented the habitat and ecological characteristics of C. lutea . It is distributed in the temperate regions of China, with its range partially overlapping those of C. bungei and C. fargesii (Fig. 1). However, it is the sole Catalpa species documented in the eastern coastal region. For instance, it can be found in the granitic rocky habitats of Yuntai Mountain in Lianyungang, at elevations of 200–450 m a. s. l., where the environment is dominated by weathered scree slopes with only thin layers of acidic humus soil retained in rock crevices. Associated species include Selaginella sinensis and scattered Ulmus parvifolia . The new species roots directly in rock fissures, demonstrating lithophytic adaptation. In other distribution areas, it grows on slopes and in forests, accompanied by trees such as Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. et Zucc., Toona sinensis (Juss.) Roem., Diospyros kaki var. silvestris Makino, Chionanthus retusus Lindl. &amp; Paxton, and Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.; shrubs such as Salix caprea L. and Spiraea chinensis Maxim.; as well as herbaceous plants including Teucrium viscidum Bl., Geranium wilfordii Maxim., Impatiens pterosepala Hook. f., Silene tatarinowii Regel, Artemisia lavandulifolia DC., and Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb., among others. Unlike C. duclouxii, C. lutea produces relatively fewer fruits. In certain habitats, it relies primarily on sprouting propagation, while in others it does set fruit.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B07009639B6C5AA1ABFD20A0846E63FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Liu, Ying;Li, Zhen-Yu;Zhang, Jiang-Tao;Ge, Wan-Ting;Zhang, Ming-Gang;Lu, Nan;Ma, Wen-Jun;Wang, Jun-Hui	Liu, Ying, Li, Zhen-Yu, Zhang, Jiang-Tao, Ge, Wan-Ting, Zhang, Ming-Gang, Lu, Nan, Ma, Wen-Jun, Wang, Jun-Hui (2026): Catalpa lutea (Bignoniaceae), a new species from north, central, and east China. PhytoKeys 270: 25-39, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.270.171460
