identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
72157C2F3712E126BEF4FF23E0AAFAF7.text	72157C2F3712E126BEF4FF23E0AAFAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristimantis mecada Garzón-Franco & Durango & Ospina-Sarria & Arredondo 2026	<div><p>Pristimantis mecada sp. nov.</p><p>(Table 1, Figs 1–7)</p><p>Holotype: EAFIT-Am 0050 (field number JCA-926), an adult female from Colombia, department of Chocó, municipality of Bahía Solano, corregimiento of Mecana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.37539&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.263438" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.37539/lat 6.263438)">Jardín Botánico del Pacífico Nature Reserve</a> (6.263438, -77.3753888; 115 m asl; Fig. 1), collected by EGF, X. Rueda and JCA on April 3, 2017 (Figs. 2–4).</p><p>Paratypes (n = 32: 11 females and 21 males): a subadult female (CBUCES-D 846) and two adult females (EAFIT-Am 0083, 86) collected by JCA, EGF, and O. S. Alzate-Zapata on March 18, 2019 . One juvenile female (CBUCES-D 847) and three adult males (EAFIT Am 0109, 117; CBUCES-D 848), collected by EGF and JCA on November 4, 2020 . One subadult female (CBUCES-D 849), one adult female (EAFIT-Am 0198) and two adult males (EAFIT-Am 0206, 212), collected by EGF, V. Sierra-Arias, and JCA on March 21, 2021 . One adult female (CBUCES-D 857) collected by EGF, J. M. Lozano-Arias, V. Sierra-Arias, and JCA on March 7, 2022 . The paratype specimens mentioned above were collected in the same locality as the holotype. Fourteen adult males (EAFIT-Am 0247, 250, 264–266, 271–272, 294, 302, 304; CBUCES-D 851–852, 854, 856), one subadult male (CBUCES-D 853), two adult females (EAFIT-Am 0303, CBUCES-D 850) and two subadult females (EAFIT-Am 0263; CBUCES-D 855) collected from Cerro Chulé locality (6.2805556, -77.36455556; 378 m asl) between February 24 and March 02, 2020, by JPD and JCA. A single adult male (EAFIT-Am 0621), from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.364555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.2805557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.364555/lat 6.2805557)">Pakoré Wera Nature Reserve</a>, corregimiento de Mutis (6.2024, -77.3857; 100 m asl), was collected by EGF, D. Abreu-Acosta, and V. Sierra-Arias on September 26, 2021 .</p><p>Referred specimens: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.45901&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.26489" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.45901/lat 6.26489)">An</a> adult male (EAFIT-Am 0644, SVL = 19.22 mm) from corregimiento of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.45901&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.26489" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.45901/lat 6.26489)">Huina</a>, municipality of Bahía Solano, Chocó, Colombia (6.26489, -77.45901; 78 m asl), collected by JPD on July 6, 2022 . Two adult females (MHUA-A 363, SVL = 27.41 mm; MHUA-A 364, SVL = 27.94 mm) from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.50139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.5680556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.50139/lat 5.5680556)">Estación Biológica El Amargal</a>, corregimiento of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.50139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.5680556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.50139/lat 5.5680556)">Arusí</a>, municipality of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.50139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.5680556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.50139/lat 5.5680556)">Nuquí</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.50139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.5680556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.50139/lat 5.5680556)">Chocó</a>, Colombia (5.58055, -77.49777; 65 m asl), collected in 1998. One subadult female (MHUA-A 4893, SVL = 20.88 mm), from corregimiento of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.50139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.5680556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.50139/lat 5.5680556)">Coquí</a>, municipality of Nuquí, Chocó, Colombia, collected by JCA in 2005. An adult male (ANDES-A 635, SVL = 20.1 mm) from Estación Biológica El Amargal, corregimiento of Arusí, municipality of Nuquí, Chocó, Colombia (5.5680556, -77.5013889; 30 m asl), collected by Andrew J. Crawford on May 31, 2006 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Pristimantis mecada sp. nov. is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum shagreen with some scattered tubercles that become more evident in the sacral region and flanks; skin on venter coarsely areolate and skin on throat smooth; short dorsolateral folds present, extending to almost reach the sacral region; discoidal fold present, well anterior to groin; dermal ridges on scapular region present, forming a “\ /” shape; (2) tympanic membrane differentiated, oval in shape and being 25.67 – 40.87% of the eye diameter in males and 28.45 – 41.38% in females; tympanic annulus present, visible through skin and dorsally covered in part by the supratympanic fold, which extends posteriorly; (3) snout moderately long; rounded in dorsal and lateral views, lacking rostral papilla; canthus rostralis slightly concave in dorsal view, and rounded in lateral view; (4) upper eyelid bearing one to three subconical tubercles, upper eyelid width 71.65 – 115% of the IOD in males and 76.21– 107.91% in females; cranial crests absent; (5) choanae small, ovoid, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch; dentigerous process of vomer small and subtriangular in shape, positioned posterior to level of choanae and moderately separated from each other, each process bearing 3 – 7 teeth; (6) males with vocal slits and subgular vocal sac evident externally; white nuptial pads present in the thumb and along the edge of thenar tubercle; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II (finger length formulae I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III); fingers with expanded and truncated discs, except on Finger I, which is nearly round and smaller than the others; disc on Finger II smaller than discs on fingers III and IV, with the last two noticeably expanded; circumferential grooves present on all fingers; (8) fingers bearing lateral fringes; palmar tubercle deeply bifid; thenar tubercle oval, slightly smaller than palmar tubercle; supernumerary tubercles low, distributed along the palmar surfaces; subarticular tubercles on fingers present, including hyperdistals; two subarticular tubercles on fingers I and II, and three on fingers III and IV (Fig. 4A); subarticular tubercles prominent, with rounded to oval bases and larger than supernumerary tubercles; (9) three to five low ulnar tubercles (generally three), not coalesced; antebrachial tubercle present; (10) heel bearing one small tubercle; one to three low tubercles on the outer edge of tarsus; inner surface of tarsus bearing a well–developed tubercle–like fold, which extends to one third of the tarsal distance; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle oval, twice as long as wide; outer metatarsal tubercle conical, three to four times smaller than the inner metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles on toes present, including hyperdistals; subarticular tubercles prominent, with a rounded to oval base and larger than supernumerary tubercles; two subarticular tubercles on toes I and II, three on toes III and V, and four on Toe IV; supernumerary tubercles low, rounded or slightly oval and distributed along the plantar surfaces; (12) toes with lateral fringes, without webbing; Toe III shorter than Toe V; Toe III extending to distal edge of the antepenultimate subarticular tubercle of Toe IV; Toe V extending to proximal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle of Toe IV (Fig. 4B); discs and circumferential grooves present on all toes; discs of toes smaller than discs on fingers III and IV; discs of toes III–V similar in size, and larger than discs on toes I and II; (13) coloration in life: the dorsum ranges from tan or light brown to dark brown, presenting in some cases shades of gray and reddish brown; some individuals exhibit a pale middorsal stripe or a light and broad middorsal band that can be bordered laterally or not by black stripes, similarly in some cases individuals may present longitudinal stripes; dark vertical labial bars present, generally with the anterior one more demarcated; dark brown stripe in the supratympanic region, and a dark canthal stripe present in few individuals; hindlimbs with dark transverse bars, and sometimes with a cream or pale brown band across the heel; posterior surfaces of thighs generally solid brown, with small cream specks present in a few cases; groin solid brown, with some individuals showing a cream or golden blotch; belly of males and females translucent white with some scattered dark brown flecks and iridophores; throat white densely scattered with dark brown flecks and iridophores; iris coppery or reddish bronze, with fine black reticulations and light blue sclera (Figs. 3; 5); (14) SVL in males 15.5 – 21.3 mm (mean ± 1 SD = 18.8 ± 1.4; n = 21) and SVL in females 18.42 – 31mm (mean ± 1 SD = 26.0 ± 3.7; n = 12); (15) call with 4 to 14 notes (Fig. 6A–B); 3 to 8 pulses per note (Fig. 6D); call duration from 0.103 to 0.599 s (Fig. 6B); note duration from 0.011 to 0.051 s (Fig. 6D); an interval between notes of 0.0008 – 0.0214 s; dominant frequency from 2437.5 to 3187.5 Hz; frequency band from 2374.9 to 3542.0 Hz (Fig. 6C).</p><p>Comparisons</p><p>In this section we compare the new species with the recognized species of the Pristimantis ridens group, and with the sympatric and morphologically similar species of Pristimantis . A table with the summary of the diagnostic characters is given in the online resource of Appendix 2.</p><p>Within the Pristimantis ridens species group, Pristimantis mecada is morphologically similar to the Andean species P. viejas and P. campesino due to the presence of a shagreen with scattered tubercles dorsal skin texture, venter areolate, short dorsolateral folds, discoidal fold, inner tarsal fold, small tubercles on upper eyelid and heel, white nuptial pads and by having a similar dorsal color variation. Nevertheless, the new species can be differentiated by the following combination of features (character states for P. mecada in parentheses): P. campesino and P. viejas have conspicuous orange and/or red spots in the concealed surfaces of thighs, shanks, and groin (a single golden or cream spot in the groin and small light speckles in the posterior surfaces of thighs, Fig. 7 A–I; Lynch and Rueda-Almonacid 1999; Sepúlveda-Seguro et al. 2022). Pristimantis viejas has a bicolored iris, being golden with a reddish horizontal band and thick black reticulations (iris uniform reddish or copperish coloration with fine black reticulations; Sepúlveda-Seguro et al. 2022).</p><p>Pristimantis mecada is also similar to P. adnus, a species found in the montane forests of Panamá and tentatively distributed along the Pacific coast of Colombia (Crawford et al. 2010), by having an overall brownish coloration and a shagreen with scattered tubercles dorsal skin texture. However, P. adnus lacks vocal slits, dentigerous process of vomers, ulnar tubercles and lateral fringes on fingers and toes (all present; Crawford et al. 2010). In Addition, P. adnus has red or orange spots in the concealed surfaces of hindlimbs and groin (absent). Pristimantis mecada can also be confused with the sympatric P. ridens, however, this species has the smooth dorsal skin texture, tympanum slightly visible and concealed surfaces of hind limbs with a bright red coloration (skin on dorsum finely shagreen with some scattered tubercles, tympanum readily distinguishable and concealed surfaces of hind limbs without conspicuous bright red coloration, Fig. 7 J–L; Savage 2002).</p><p>Pristimantis mecada can be easily differentiated from the other species of the P. ridens group: P. almendariz, P. cruentus and P. gretathunbergae have a concealed or slightly distinguishable tympanum (tympanum readily distinguishable and prominent in both sexes; Peters 1873; Brito &amp; Pozo-Zamora 2013; Mebert et al. 2022); in P. gretathunbergae the vocal slits, nuptial pads and inner tarsal fold are all absent (all present; Mebert et al. 2022). In P. almendariz, P. bicolor, P. carylae, P. cremnobates, P. cruentus, P. erythropleura, P. factiosus, P. laticlavius, P. latidiscus, P. museosus, P. orpacobates, P. penelopus, P. rosadoi, P. sanguineus the vocal slits are absent (present; Boulenger 1896; Boulenger 1898; Lynch &amp; Duellman 1980; Rueda-Almonacid &amp; Lynch 1983; Flores 1988; Lynch &amp; Burrowes 1990; Ibáñez et al. 1994; Lynch et al. 1994; Lynch,1998; Lynch &amp; Rueda-Almonacid 1998 Lynch &amp; Rueda-Almonacid 1999; Brito &amp; Pozo-Zamora 2013; Rivera-Correa et al. 2021); P. ferwerdai, P. museosus, P. penelopus and P. postducheminorum have a conical tubercle on the heel and other on the eyelid (present but non conical; Ibáñez et al. 1994; Lynch &amp; Rueda-Almonacid 1999; Amézquita et al. 2019; Palacios-Rodríguez et al. 2022); in P. museosus the lateral fringes on fingers are absent (present; Ibáñez et al. 1994). In P. cisnerosi has low cranial crests (absent), and nuptial pads and ulnar tubercles absent (all present; Reyes-Puig et al. 2020); in P. cerasinus and P. variabilis the lateral fringes on fingers are absent (present; Cope 1875; Lynch 1968); P. variabilis has an acuminated snout in dorsal view (snout rounded in dorsal view; Lynch, 1968). Females in P. satagius have massive cranial crests (absent; Lynch 1995).</p><p>Pristimantis caryophyllaceus and P. educatoris have smooth skin texture on dorsum (skin on dorsum shagreen with some scattered tubercles; Barbour 1928; Ryan et al. 2010); additionally, P. caryophyllaceus and P. educatoris have a pointed heel tubercle (small non pointed tubercle on heel; Barbour 1928; Ryan et al. 2010), and in P. educatoris the lateral fringes on fingers are absent (present; Ryan et al. 2010). Pristimantis colomai has a rostral papilla on the tip of snout (absent), and the inner tarsal fold is absent (inner surface of tarsus bearing a tubercle–like fold; Valencia-Zuleta et al. 2016); P. calcaratus, P. jubatus and P. kelephus have conical tubercles on the upper eyelid and heel (upper eyelid and heel bearing small non conical tubercles; Boulenger 1908; Lynch 1998; García &amp; Lynch 2006), and in P. jubatus the vocal slits and nuptial pads are absent (present; García &amp; Lynch 2006).</p><p>Among the sympatric species not belonging to the P. ridens species group, P. esmeraldas (Guayasamin 2004) is the most similar species to P. mecada, however, it has spadate discs covers on fingers III –IV and most toes (rounded to truncated discs covers on fingers and toes), and bright yellow spots in the groin (in some cases with a golden, cream or tan spot in the groin, Fig. 7 M–O). Pristimantis taeniatus (Boulenger 1912) —see redescription given by Lynch (1980)—has a smooth to finely shagreen dorsal skin texture (skin on dorsum shagreen with scattered tubercles, mainly on the flanks and the posterior region), dorsolateral folds absent (short dorsolateral folds present), inner edge of tarsus without a fold and bearing 2–3 tubercles (inner surface of tarsus with a well–developed fold), and absence of dermal ridges on scapular region (scapular ridges present, forming a “\ /” shape). Additionally, P. taeniatus has a bicolored iris with a silvery or golden coloration crossed by a dark reddish horizontal bar, with fine or thick black reticulations (uniform coppery or reddish bronze iris coloration, with fine black reticulations).</p><p>The advertisement call of P. mecada is readily distinguished from the call of P. campesino, P. colomai, P. erythropleura and P. viejas by the presence of a single note (4 to 14 notes) and the shorter call duration (longer; Table 2). Furthermore, from P. viejas it can be differentiated by the absence of pulses (present) and the presence of frequency modulation (absent; Table 2).</p><p>In P. cruentus the mean call duration is 0.063 s (0.228 s), the mean dominant frequency is 2129.4 Hz (2865.3 Hz), the range of the frequency band is 1353.1–8603.7 Hz (2374.9–3542.0 Hz) and the presence of harmonics (absent; Table 2). Pristimantis taeniatus has a call duration of 0.53 s (0.228 s).</p><p>Description of the Holotype</p><p>An adult female, 26.2 mm SVL; head slightly longer than wide, and slightly wider than body; HW 42.9 % of SVL; HL 45.4% of SVL; snout moderately long, rounded in dorsal and lateral views, and lacking papilla; eye–nostril distance 74.4% of eye diameter; somewhat protruding nostrils, slightly dorsolaterally directed and slightly visible in dorsal view. (Fig. 2A–B). Detailed measurements of the holotype are presented in Table 1. Canthus rostralis distinct, slightly concave in dorsal view and rounded in profile; loreal region weakly concave; lips not flared; upper and lower jaw without tubercles; internarial region slightly concave from dorsal view; interorbital area flat without tubercles or fold, moderately wider than the upper eyelid, UE 95% of IOD; upper eyelids with a shagreen texture, bearing two subconical tubercles and among seven small tubercles on its outer margin; tympanic annulus prominent, dorsally covered by the supratympanic fold, which extends almost from the posterior corner of the eye posteriorly to be nearly parallel to the insertion of the arm; TD is 35.1% of ED, tympanum superficial and higher than wide; two subconical postrictal tubercles (Fig. 2A–B; Fig 3A). Choanae small and ovoid, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch; dentigerous process of vomer small, subtriangular in shape, positioned posteriorly to the edge of choanae and moderately separated from each other, being this distance slightly higher to the width of the visible dentigerous process; each odontophore bearing six teeth; tongue as long as broad, with its anterior edge notched and with the posterior two thirds not adherent to the floor of the mouth. Skin texture of dorsum finely shagreen with some scattered tubercles, which become larger and evident in the flanks and sacral region; scapular tubercles present on each side; dermal ridges on scapular region present, forming a “\ /” shape; short and thin dorsolateral folds present, almost restricted to the anterior half of the body (Fig. 2D; Fig 3A, C–D). Skin on ventral surfaces of thighs areolate and on belly coarsely areolate; skin on throat smooth; discoidal fold present, well anterior to groin; several low tubercles on the cloacal region (Fig 2C; Fig 3B).</p><p>Forearm slender, FAL 24.3% of SVL; hand longer than the forearm, HAL being 28.7% of SVL; outer edge of the forearm bearing three low and not coalesced ulnar tubercles; antebrachial tubercles present; palmar tubercle deeply bifid; thenar tubercle oval, slightly smaller than the palmar tubercle; prominent subarticular tubercles, with the basal ones having a rounded base and the distal ones having an oval base, larger than the supernumerary tubercles; hyperdistal subarticular tubercles less prominent than the distal and basal subarticular tubercles; two subarticular tubercles on thumb and second finger, and three on third and fourth; supernumerary tubercles low, with rounded to oval bases and distributed along the palmar surfaces; fingers with lateral fringes; finger length formulae I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III; all fingers with well–defined circumferential grooves; disc on Finger I almost rounded, smaller than the disc of Finger II, which is slightly truncated and noticeably smaller than the discs of fingers III and IV, which are much larger (broader than long) and truncated than the others (Fig. 4A). Hind limbs moderately robust; TL is 60.5% of SVL; FL is 50.1% of SVL; heel with one small tubercle; outer edge of tarsus bearing one small tubercle; inner surface of tarsus bearing a well–developed fold, which begins thinner and slightly elevated proximal to the inner metatarsal tubercle and ends thicker and more elevated distally, not extending beyond one–third the size of the tarsus; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, twice as long as wide; outer metatarsal tubercle conical, four times smaller than the inner; toes with lateral fringes and discs, and without webbing; toe length formulae I&lt;II&lt;III &lt;V &lt;IV; Toe III shorter than Toe V; Toe III extending to the distal edge of the antepenultimate subarticular tubercle of Toe IV, and Toe V extending to the proximal edge of the penultimate subarticular tubercle of Toe IV; all toes with well–defined circumferential grooves; discs of toes smaller than the discs on fingers III and IV; disc of toes III – V truncated and nearly equal in size, noticeably larger than disc on Toe II, which in turn is larger than the slightly rounded disc on Toe I (Fig 4B); subarticular tubercles prominent, with a rounded to oval base, two subarticular tubercles on toes I and II, three on toes III and V, and four on Toe IV; supernumerary tubercles rounded to slightly oval and distributed all along the plantar surfaces.</p><p>Coloration of the holotype in life</p><p>Dorsum brown with reddish–brown shades; sacral region with dark brown marks that extends onto the posterolateral surfaces of body. The lateral surfaces of the body are brown, fading to a cream color with pinkish tones towards the belly, having also some scattered iridiophores (Fig. 3A). Translucent white venter with scattered dark brown flecks, with a higher density on the sides; iridiophores spread all around the belly, throat, and ventral surfaces of limbs; throat white densely scattered with dark brown flecks, with a higher density along the jaw line (Fig. 3B). Supratympanic dark stripe present, extending along with the supratympanic fold. Dark brown vertical labial bars below the eye, with the anterior one more demarcated and bordered externally by a fine cream stripe. Forelimbs brown with darker transverse markings, and with a beige patch in the elbow (Fig. 3C). The dorsal surface of the fingertips and lateral fringes with a cream coloration, that extends on to the ventral surface of the lateral fringes. Hind limbs with a similar color pattern to that of the forelimbs, but with a cream band across the heel and with a series of dark transverse bands; toes with the same color pattern as fingers. Concealed surfaces of thighs, shanks, and groin brown without any pattern, except for the posterior surfaces of the thighs that exhibit small cream flecks; cream band present in the dorsal edge of the cloaca (Fig 3C–D). The axillary region is pale brown with dark flecking. Iris reddish bronze with thin black reticulations and light blue sclera.</p><p>Variation</p><p>Sexual dimorphism is evident in the size, with the adult females being larger than the adult males. Measurements and body ratios of the type series are presented in Table 1. No sexual dimorphism in coloration was observed, with the females having the same color pattern variation than the males. Both iris coloration patterns (coppery or reddish bronze) were present in both sexes. Individuals of Pristimantis mecada did not present a particular or exclusive dorsal coloration pattern, varying between a uniform light or dark brown, with variation of reddish and grayish shades, with the latter being more common in the dorsal region of the head and in the posterior region of the dorsum (Fig. 5). In addition, some irregularly distributed cream–colored spots may be present along the dorsum. EAFIT-Am 0206 (adult male, Fig. 5H) is the only specimen that exhibits a marked black canthal stripe and a black dorsolateral stripe that extends just behind the posterior corner of the eye to the dorsal edge of the cloaca. The pattern of dark dorsolateral stripes accompanied by a broad and lighter middorsal band is present in EAFITAm 0083 and CBUCES-D 847, 852 (Fig. 5A). Similarly, the broad lighter middorsal band pattern, but without dark dorsolateral stripes is present in EAFIT-Am 0264 and CBUCES-D 855–856. On the other hand, a pattern of longitudinal lines was also present in individuals EAFIT-Am 0250 and CBUCES-D 848, 854 (Fig. 5E; G). Finally, only two individuals (EAFIT-Am 0117, 0263), exhibit a light middorsal stripe, which goes from the tip of the snout to the vent (Fig. 5C). In most individuals, the coloration pattern of the groin and posterior surfaces of the thighs is uniform brown, with a few individuals showing golden, cream, or tan spots on one or both areas, such as CBUCES- D 846–849, 857 and EAFIT-Am 0086, 0247, 0264. The number of teeth on the dentigerous processes of vomer varies between three to seven. The number of subconical tubercles in the upper eyelid varies between one and three, and the number of low tubercles in the outer margin of eyelid varies from three to eight. Living specimens have well–defined short dorsolateral folds and dermal ridges forming a “\ /” shape in the scapular region, being less prominent in preserved specimens.</p><p>Distribution and natural history</p><p>Pristimantis mecada inhabits the primary and secondary humid lowland tropical forests of the western slopes of the Serranía del Baudó (Fig. 8–A), between the 17 and 456 m asl. This zone is characterized by two stational periods, one of high rainfall (rainy season) between September and November with an average of 627 mm of rain monthly; and one of low rainfall (dry season) between January and March with average of 196 mm of rain monthly (Torres-Torres et al. 2016; Lemos 2017). Additionally, the forests in the areas where it was found, mainly within the JBP, are characterized by a transition from sea to forest through mangroves and mangrove–forest ecotones. These usually present tall trees with dense canopy covers and thick layers of leaf litter and organic material on the ground. Pristimantis mecada is currently known from a few localities in the municipalities of Bahía Solano and Nuquí, in the department of Chocó, but may possibly be found further north and/or south in the Pacific region of Colombia, as is the case with other species of Pristimantis found in sympatry with it (Fig. 1).</p><p>This species exhibits a nocturnal activity pattern, being found active just after sunset. At night the individuals of P. mecada were found on leaves and branches of shrubs, ferns, and on palm fronds between 0.2 and 1.5 m inside the forest, far away from any water body (Fig. 8–B). During the day the individuals of this species were found within the litter leaf on the forest floor, generally near the roots of trees.</p><p>Almost all individuals from Cerro Chulé locality were found on the top of edge barrier traps or climbing the barriers. Acoustic activity was observed in both stational periods (rainy and dry seasons), although showing a greater activity during the rainy period. Males call from leaves or branches of shrubs and small trees, with a peak acoustic activity between 1700 and 2200 h. Amplectant couples can be found in both stational periods, presenting an axillary amplexus (Fig. 8–C). Pristimantis mecada is found in sympatry with the congeners P. achatinus, P. esmeraldas, P. latidiscus, P. ridens and P. roseus .</p><p>Bioacoustics</p><p>Based on three recordings of two males the advertisement call of Pristimantis mecada consists of a single pulsed call composed of 4–14 notes per call (7 ± 2.14; 22 calls; Fig. 6A–B) and 3–8 pulses per note (5 ± 1.11; 156 notes from the 22 calls analyzed; Fig. 6D). The call is 0.103 – 0.599 s in duration (0.228 ± 0.098; 22 calls; Fig 6B), with notes of 0.011 – 0.051 s in duration (0.03 ± 0.01; 156 notes; Fig. 6D), and an interval between notes of 0.0008 – 0.0214 s (0.008 ± 0.005; 133 intervals). The dominant frequency is 2437.5–3187.5 Hz (2865.3 ± 200.8; 22 calls; Fig 6C). The frequency band goes from 2098.8–2651.5 Hz (2374.9 ± 125.4; 22 calls; Fig 6C) in the low frequency to 3084.2–4702.5 Hz (3542.0 ± 311.1; 22 calls; Fig 6C) in the high frequency.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet, used as a noun in apposition. “Mecada” is the original spelling of Mecana in the Emberá language.This is in honor to the corregimiento and community of Mecana (from where the new species was identified for the first time, and where the Jardín Botánico del Pacífico Nature Reserve is located), due to its commitment with the conservation and restoration of local ecosystems trough ecotourism and environmental education. Mecada is also the name of the river that runs through the region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/72157C2F3712E126BEF4FF23E0AAFAF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Garzón-Franco, Esteban;Durango, Juan-P.;Ospina-Sarria, Jhon Jairo;Arredondo, Juan C.	Garzón-Franco, Esteban, Durango, Juan-P., Ospina-Sarria, Jhon Jairo, Arredondo, Juan C. (2026): A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the western slopes of the Serranía del Baudó, Chocó, Colombia. Zootaxa 5757 (4): 301-323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5757.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5757.4.1
